Energy flow in ecosystem

1. A SEMINAR REPORT
ON
ENERGY FLOW IN ECOSYSTEM
SUBMITTED BY
MANISH SAHU
+3 3RD SEM BOT HON.
ROLL NO- S00522BOT016
GUIDED BY
MRS. MINATIRANI PRADHAN
MR. PARAMANANDA RATH
MIS. SIPRA MISHRA

2. CONTENT
• Concept of energy in ecosystem.
• Components of energy flow in
ecosystem.
• Ecological energetics.
• The ten percent law.
• Representation of energy flow in
ecosystem.
• Conclusion.

3. CONCEPT OF ENERGY IN ECOSYSTEM
• Energy is the capacity to do
work.
• Biological activities require
consumption of energy
which ultimately comes
from sun.
• Of the total incident solar
radiation less than 60% of
it is Photosynthetically
active radiation(PAR).

4. Components of energy flow in Ecosystem
• Sun –The energy used for all plants life processes is derived from solar
radiation and all animals are further dependent on plants. About 34% of
the sunlight reaching the Earth’s atmosphere is reflected back (by cloud
and dust), 10% is held by ozone layer, water vapour and other
atmospheric gases. The rest 56% reaches the Earth’s surface and out of
that only 2 to 10 % is used by plants and remaining is absorbed as heat
by water or ground.

5. • Producers – The green plants in the ecosystem-
terminal are called producers. In a terrestrial
ecosystem major producers are herbaceous and
woody plants.

6. • Consumers –All
animals depend
on plants
(directly or
indirectly) for
their food needs.
Hence, they are
called consumers
and also
heterotrophs.

7. • Decomposers –The heterotrophic organisms, mainly fungi and
bacteria, which meet their energy and nutrients requirement by
degrading dead organic matter are called decomposers. They are also
known as saprotrophs.

8. ECOLOGICAL ENERGETICS
• Quantity of energy reaching an ecosystem per
unit time.
• Quantity of energy trapped by green plants and
covered to a chemical form.
• The quantity and path of energy flow from green
plants to organism of different tropic levels over
a period of time in a known area .

9. THE TEN PERCENT LAW
• This law was introduced in
context to energy flow in
ecosystem by Raymond
Lindeman.
• According to this law the
transfer of energy from organic
food from one tropic level to the
next, only ten percent of the
energy from organic matter is
stored as flesh.
• The remaining is lost during
transfer and broken down in
respiration.

10. REPRESENTATION OF ENERGY FLOW IN ECOSYSTEM
• Tropic level- Based on the source of their nutrition or food,
organisms occupy a specific place in the food chain that is
known as their Tropic level.
• Standing crop- Each tropic level has a certain mass of living
material at a particular time called as the Standing crop.
• Pyramid of energy- Any calculation of energy content,
biomass, or numbers has to include all organisms at that
tropic level.

11. CONCLUSION
• An ecosystem is a functional unit with energy
flowing among its abiotic components very
efficiently.
• Energy flow in an ecosystem is always unidirectional.
• Energy is an ecosystem is never destroyed but it is
converted from one form to another.
• Only 10% of energy is passed to the successive
tropic level.
• Sun is the ultimate source of energy.

12. Thank you