- Energy cannot be created or destroyed, but can be changed from one form to another through energy conversions. There are nine main types of energy including kinetic, potential, mechanical, thermal, chemical, electrical, sound, light, and nuclear energy. - Energy conversions allow useful energy to be extracted and support daily life through machines, though some energy is lost as thermal energy during conversions. Common conversions include light to chemical energy through photosynthesis and chemical to kinetic energy through cellular respiration.

1. Energy
• Law of conservation of energy – energy
cannot be created or destroyed but can be
changed from one form to another
• Energy efficiency – the amount of useful
energy after a conversion – the more
efficient the more energy that can be used
• Ex: shape of car, shape of plane, houses,
windows

2. • Energy conversion – when a form of
energy is changed to another form of
energy
• Energy – ability to do work
• 9 Types of Energy

3. 1. Kinetic energy – energy in
motion Faster an object is moving the greater the kinetic energy, also the
more mass an object has the greater the kinetic energy

4. 2.Potential – energy due to the
objects position (object could
move)
Gravitational potential energy – energy
against the force of gravity—lifted objects
have GPE

6. 3. Mechanical energy – Has
both kinetic + potential

7. • 4.Thermal energy – all the kinetic energy
due to motion of particles that make up the
object (faster the particles move the
greater the thermal energy)
• 5.Chemical energy – energy of a
compound that changes as its atoms are
rearranged, a form of potential energy

8. • 6.Electrical energy – energy of moving
electrons, a form of potential energy since
motion only happens when object is connected
to actual output
• 7.Sound energy – vibrating object transmit
energy through matter (S-L-G)
• 8.Light energy – vibration of electrically
charged particles, doesn’t need to be carried
through matter, can travel in a vacuum (area
with no matter-- SPACE)
• 9.Nuclear energy – energy from the change in
the nucleus of an atom

9. 2 kinds of nuclear energy
• Nuclear fusion – the joining of atoms (H)
• Ex: when hydrogen is fused together at
very high speeds to form helium (stars are
nuclear reactors on a massive scale), the
process releases tremendous amounts of
energy
• Nuclear fission – the splitting of an atom
• Ex: when uranium is split, the potential
energy in the nucleus is given off and used
in nuclear power plants to generate
electrical energy

12. • Electrical Energy– can be changed into
thermal, sound, light and kinetic energy
(most common energy used)
• Energy conversions allow us to maintain
our daily lives through machines
• Energy conversions always create a
certain amount of thermal energy for the
transition to take place

14. Types of conversions

15. Chemical Energy
• Photosynthesis – light energy to chemical
energy
• 6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy → C6H12O6 + 6O2
• Cellular respiration – humans using
chemical energy to kinetic energy
• C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP (energy)
• All chemical energy is potential energy.