This document is a workshop guide for creating an end-to-end test framework using Ruby, Cucumber, Watir, and RSpec. It explains the significance of end-to-end testing, the benefits of using Ruby and Cucumber for automation, and provides step-by-step instructions for setting up the necessary tools and code for testing web applications. Additionally, it covers the page object model and includes links for further learning resources.

1. End-to-end web-testing based on
ruby/cucumber/watir/watirsome tech
Alex Mikitenko

2. Alex Mikitenko, Ukraine
Lead QA Automation, Tech Team Labs
• 10 years in the IT as a developer in test
• Ruby fan
• Anarchist
https://www.linkedin.com/in/omykytenko/
https://www.slideshare.net/korvinua
https://github.com/nonkor
https://www.visualcv.com/alex-mikitenko

3. [ description ]
A classic task for an automation QA engineer these days:
Developer and automate test coverage for some web or mobile
software solution.
This workshop offers a quick start for anyone who is interested to build a
proper end-to-end test framework for those needs from the scratch.
We will use robust and effective stack of technologies, verified by time and
trusted by community:
RUBY + CUCUMBER + WATIR + WATIRSOME + RSPEC/EXPECTATIONS
Ready? Let’s start then!

4. [ e2e-testing ]
So, what is end-to-end testing?
End-to-end testing is a methodology used to test whether the flow of an
application is performing as designed from start to finish. The purpose of
carrying out end-to-end tests is to identify system dependencies and to
ensure that the right information is passed between various system
components and systems.
(via) techopedia.com

5. [ testing pyramid ]
(via) watirmelon.com

6. [ ruby ]
Why Ruby?
- open source;
- huge ecosystem;
- human oriented standards;
- truly OOP language;
- powerful metaprogramming facilities;
- DSL-oriented;
- easy to learn (hardcode level included, but you need go deep to met it);
- has trusted and robust tech stack for GUI web-automation;
- I use it on a daily basis :)

7. [ ruby ]
Manage Ruby by rbenv
# install rbenv
$ brew update
$ brew install rbenv
$ rbenv init
$ 'eval "$(rbenv init -)"' >> ~/.bash_profile
# install ruby-build
$ rbenv install -l
# install ruby
$ rbenv install 2.4.1
rbenv is lightweight Ruby version management tool

8. [ ruby gems ]
Manage Ruby gems by bundler
bundler provides a consistent environment for Ruby projects by tracking
and installing the exact gems and versions that are needed.
# create project and go to it
$ mkdir gui-test-sample
$ cd gui-test-sample
# install bundler
$ gem install bundler
$ bundle init
# install gems
$ ‘gem “cucumber”' >> ~/.bash_profile
$ bundle install

9. [ cucumber ]
Why Cucumber?
it’s collaboration tool allows you to run automated
acceptance tests written in a BDD style
- illustrates business rules, not just UI;
- scenario writing does not require knowledge of
specific programming language;
- gives a possibility to write Cucumber scenarios
before writing the code.
Your cucumber features should drive your implementation, not reflect it.
Andrew Premdas, one of the first adopters of Cucumber

10. [ cucumber ]
Initiate cucumber
$ bundle exec cucumber --init
features
steps
support
storage of test scenarios
storage of test step definitions
storage of cucumber env files and hooks preloaded for every test run

11. [ website sample ]

12. [ declarative vs. imperative ]
is a programming
paradigm that expresses
the logic of a
computation (what do)
without describing its
control flow (how do).
Declarative
programming
Imperative
programming
is a programming
paradigm that describes
computation in terms of
statements that change a
program state.

13. [ cucumber features ] Imperative style

14. [ cucumber features ] Declarative style

15. [ initiate project ]
env.rb
hooks.rb

16. [ initiate project ]
helper.rb
settings.yml

17. [ cucumber features ]
First run
$ bundle exec cucumber features/
sample_shopping_declarative.feature
Using the default profile...
Feature: Sample shopping [declarative]
Scenario: Order a blue t-shirt
…
1 scenario (1 undefined)
19 steps (19 undefined)
0m0.112s

18. [ cucumber features ]
Pending scenarios
You can implement step definitions for undefined steps with these snippets:
Given(/^I have a valid user account$/) do
pending # Write code here that turns the phrase above into concrete actions
end
…

19. [ watir ]
Why Watir?
- open source;
- web application testing in ruby;
- interacts with a browser the same way people do;
- is not a record/playback tool;
- has a clear and consistent API;
- based on WebDriver (which is W3C Web Standard);
- many of watir contributors are webdriver contributors, too;
- used as a foundation for cross browser cloud services as saucelabs.com;
- has page-object pattern extensions.

20. [ watir ]
Watir sample

21. [ watir ]
plane_steps.rb

22. [ watir ]
Why Page Objects?
- Page Object pattern represents the screens of your web app as a
series of objects and encapsulates the features represented by a
page;
- it allows us to model the UI in our tests;
- a page object is an object-oriented class that serves as an
interface to a page of your AUT.

23. [ watir ]
Page Object Model
webdriver

24. [ watirsome ]
Watirsome sample

25. [ watirsome ]
tshirts_page.rb

26. [ watirsome ]
page_steps.rb

27. [ rspec/expectations ]
rspec/expectations
provides a simple, readable API to express expected outcomes of a code example
expect(actual).to eq(expected)
expect(actual).to eql(expected)
expect(actual).not_to eql(not_expected)
expect(actual).to be > expected
expect(actual).to be < expected
expect(actual).to be_within(delta).of(expected)
expect(actual).to match(/expression/)
expect(actual).to be_an_instance_of(expected)
expect(actual).to be_a(expected)
expect(actual).to be_an(expected)
expect(actual).to be_a_kind_of(expected)
expect { ... }.to raise_error
expect { ... }.to raise_error(ErrorClass)
expect { ... }.to raise_error("message")
expect { ... }.to raise_error(ErrorClass, "message")
Equivalence
Comparisons
Types/classes
Expecting errors
Regular expressions
and much more…

28. [ rspec/expectations ]
Failed scenario with custom exception
$ DEBUG=1 bundle exec cucumber -p pages
Using the pages and common profiles...
@declarative
Feature: Sample shopping [declarative]
Scenario: Order a blue t-shirt
Given I have a valid user account
But I am an unauthenticated guest
…
Then I see details about chosen t-shirt
Selected color: Orange, but should be: Blue (RuntimeError)
./features/step_definitions/page_steps.rb:23:in `/^I see details about chosen t-shirt$/'
features/sample_shopping_declarative.feature:10:in `Then I see details about chosen t-shirt'
Failing Scenarios:
cucumber -p pages -p common features/sample_shopping_declarative.feature:4 # Scenario: Order a blue t-shirt

29. [ rspec/expectations ]
$ DEBUG=1 bundle exec cucumber -p pages
Using the pages and common profiles...
@declarative
Feature: Sample shopping [declarative]
Scenario: Order a blue t-shirt
Given I have a valid user account
But I am an unauthenticated guest
…
Then I see details about chosen t-shirt
expected: "Blue"
got: "Orange"
(compared using ==)
(RSpec::Expectations::ExpectationNotMetError)
./features/step_definitions/page_steps.rb:23:in `/^I see details about chosen t-shirt$/'
features/sample_shopping_declarative.feature:10:in `Then I see details about chosen t-shirt'
Failing Scenarios:
cucumber -p pages -p common features/sample_shopping_declarative.feature:4 # Scenario: Order a blue t-shirt
Failed scenario with rspec-expectation

30. [ helpful links ]
Idea of Cucumber: https://cucumber.io/blog/2014/03/03/the-worlds-most-misunderstood-collaboration-tool
Declarative/Imperative: http://itsadeliverything.com/declarative-vs-imperative-gherkin-scenarios-for-cucumber
Webdriver spec: https://www.w3.org/TR/webdriver/
Browser automation with Watir: https://binarapps.com/blog/browser-automation-with-watir-guide
Page Objects in Webdriver: https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/selenium/wiki/PageObjects
Watirsome gem: https://github.com/p0deje/watirsome
RSpec built-in matchers: https://relishapp.com/rspec/rspec-expectations/docs/built-in-matchers
Another samples of cucumber + watir: https://github.com/spriteCloud/lapis-lazuli
Test Automation Websites #1: http://www.techbeamers.com/websites-to-practice-selenium-webdriver-online/
Test Automation Websites #2: https://www.ultimateqa.com/best-test-automation-websites-to-practice-using-
selenium-webdriver/

31. Questions
5 minutes.
You can also ask questions for me in the lounge zone