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Project MKUltra was a covert CIA research program from 1950-1973 that conducted experiments on human subjects to test the effects of chemical and biological agents, especially LSD. The program aimed to develop mind-control techniques during the Cold War in response to perceived Soviet and Chinese programs. Experiments were conducted on unwitting U.S. and Canadian citizens and caused lasting psychological damage. Though most records were destroyed, some victims were later compensated after the program was exposed in the 1970s.
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The CIA conducted illegal mind control experiments through its MKUltra program from the early 1950s to 1973. Sidney Gottlieb and other top CIA officials administered LSD and other drugs to unwitting US and Canadian citizens to test reactions and try to develop truth serums and sleeper agents. The experiments broke down into 149 subprojects testing methods like electroshock therapy and harassment. While most documents were destroyed, it is known people died and thousands were exposed to dangerous substances without consent during the unethical 20-year program.
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Sidney Gottlieb and Allen Dulles oversaw MKUltra experiments from the 1950s to 1973 that administered LSD and other drugs to unwitting US and Canadian citizens to test reactions and try to develop truth serums and sleeper agents. Methods included administering LSD without consent and asking subjects questions to see if they would answer truthfully or follow orders while under the influence, as well as other experiments involving electroshock, drugs, hypnosis and harassment. Though most documents were destroyed, it is known that some subjects died and thousands were exposed to dangerous substances without consent during the program.
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The document summarizes reported cases of mind control technologies and their alleged use on individuals without consent. It discusses the history of mind control research by Nazi Germany and the CIA, as well as modern technologies like implanted chips and voice-to-skull transmission. It also presents survey results from 296 alleged mind control victims describing their experiences, including common symptoms, reasons for being targeted, and lengths of forced psychiatric treatment.
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Sidney Gottlieb and Allen Dulles oversaw MKUltra experiments from the 1950s to 1973 that administered LSD and other drugs to unwitting US and Canadian citizens to test reactions and try to develop truth serums and sleeper agents. Methods included administering LSD without consent and asking subjects questions to see if they would answer truthfully or follow orders while under the influence, as well as other experiments involving electroshock, drugs, hypnosis and harassment. Though most documents were destroyed, it is known that some subjects died and thousands were exposed to dangerous substances without consent during the program.
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Project Monarch was a CIA mind control program that began in the 1950s and aimed to study interrogation techniques, truth serums, memory enhancement and preventing hostile control of agents. It stemmed from earlier secret projects like Bluebird and Artichoke. Many Nazi scientists were brought over after WWII under Project Paperclip to help develop these programs, which looked at uses of hypnosis, drugs and trauma to control human behavior. One aspect was Project MKUltra, which had 149 subprojects and aimed to develop sleeper assassins through programs like Spellbinder that could activate hypnotized people upon receiving a key word or phrase. Project Monarch may have been the most significant subproject and focused on occult techniques of mind control.
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The document summarizes reported cases of mind control technologies and their alleged use on individuals without consent. It discusses the history of mind control research by Nazi Germany and the CIA, as well as modern technologies like implanted chips and voice-to-skull transmission. It also presents survey results from 296 alleged mind control victims describing their experiences, including common symptoms, reasons for being targeted, and lengths of forced psychiatric treatment.
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What is Ethics ?
The word ‘ethics’ is derived from the Greek word,
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What is Clinical Research ?
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Importance of Ethics in Clinical Research :-
1. Ethics is important in clinical research because it keeps the researcher from committing errors while seeking knowledge and truth.
2. Ethical guidelines for clinical research were formulated only after discovery of inhumane behavior with participants during research experiments.
3. In clinical research human beings are involved, as opposed to animals, atoms or asteroids, as the object of study.
4. It focuses on improving human health and well-being, typically by identifying better methods to treat, cure or prevent illnesses.
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TIMELINE
History of Psychology: Timeline
Contemporary Foundations
Discovering Psychology: Updated Edition
1879
First psychology laboratory
Wilhelm Wundt opens first experimental laboratory in psychology at the University
of Leipzig, Germany. Credited with establishing psychology as an academic
discipline, Wundt’s students include Emil Kraepelin, James McKeen Cattell, and G.
Stanley Hall.
1883
First American psychology laboratory
4/24/21, 6:46 AM
Page 1 of 24
G. Stanley Hall, a student of Wilhelm Wundt, establishes first U.S. experimental
psychology laboratory at Johns Hopkins University.
1886
First doctorate in psychology
The first doctorate in psychology is given to Joseph Jastrow, a student of G.
Stanley Hall at Johns Hopkins University. Jastrow later becomes professor of
psychology at the University of Wisconsin and serves as president of the
American Psychological Association in 1900.
1888
First professor of psychology
The academic title “professor of psychology” is given to James McKeen Cattell in
1888, the first use of this designation in the United States. A student of Wilhelm
Wundt’s, Cattell serves as professor of psychology at University of Pennsylvania
and Columbia University.
1892
APA founded
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as its first president. He later establishes two key journals in the field: American
Journal of Psychology (1887) and Journal of Applied Psychology (1917).
4/24/21, 6:46 AM
Page 2 of 24
1896
Functionalism
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of the mind rather than its internal contents. Its most prominent American
advocates are William James and John Dewey, whose 1896 article “The Reflex
Arc Concept in Psychology” promotes functionalism.
Psychoanalysis
The founder of psychoanalysis, Sigmund Freud, introduces the term in a scholarly
paper. Freud’s psychoanalytic approach asserts that people are motivated by
powerful, unconscious drives and conflicts. He develops an influential therapy
based on this assertion, using free association and dream analysis.
Structuralism
Edward B. Titchener, a leading proponent of structuralism, publishes his Outline
of Psychology. Structuralism is the view that all mental experience can be
understood as a combination of simple elements or events. This approach
focuses on the contents of the mind, contrasting with functionalism.
1896
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Part one:
Ethics in Research
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· Summarize the research. Explain what the difference is between a good source and a bad source for your research project. Abrams text page 49.
· Explain why research might be considered unethical.
· Explain what ethical considerations there are and how to avoid these issues in your research project.
PAGE 49
In many situations, finding information about the method(s) used to collect data can help you evaluate its credibility. For instance, trade associations may be an excellent source of data, since many trade associations collect information about their indus- tries. However, this data may be either highly reliable—when it comes from those associations that are careful and objective in their research—or highly unreliable— when, for example, an association uses data for political or marketing purposes. When assessing the quality of data, look for:
GOOD SIGNS Data was collected by an independent research firm Large sample size Large percentage of those polled responded Objective, neutral questions were asked
BAD SIGNS Study was funded by a private company or association with a political agenda Small sample size Small percentage responding Questions were skewed to elicit particular responses Data with an Agenda Be particularly cautious when evaluating data from certain types of sources. This can include: Statistics from individual companies, which may have manipulated data to increase sales Data from politically or economically motivated organizations, which may have had a special agenda and used research techniques that support the message they want to send Data from studies with very small samples, which may not represent reality
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Research Ethics Timeline (1932-Present)
by David B. Resnik, J.D., Ph.D.
· 1932-1972
The Tuskegee Syphilis Study, sponsored by the U.S. Department of Health. Studied the effects of untreated syphilis in 400 African American men. Researchers withheld treatment even when penicillin became widely available. Researchers did not tell the subjects that they were in an experiment. Most subjects who attended the Tuskegee clinic thought they were getting treatment for "bad blood."
· 1939-45
Morally abhorrent research conducted by German scientists on concentration camps prisoners and Japanese scientists on Chinese prisoners of war.
· 1940 O.R.
Two Nazi refugee scientists, Frisch and R.E. Peierls, warn the U.S. about Germany's nuclear weapons program. Albert Einstein writes a letter to Pres. Truman warning him about the Nazi threat.
· 1942-1945
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Nazi Experimentation And Treatment Of Twins
From 1933-1945, Nazi doctors and scientists conducted cruel medical experiments on prisoners in concentration camps, including twins, dwarves, and people with genetic disorders. Josef Mengele performed many experiments on twins at Auschwitz, taking blood and tissue samples, infecting one twin with diseases, and attempting to create Siamese twins through surgery. Other experiments included wound treatments, hypothermia research, sterilization methods, and infecting prisoners with diseases to test potential cures. The goal of many experiments was to benefit the Nazi war effort or prove racist Nazi ideologies.
Nazi Experimentation And Treatment Of Twins
From 1933-1945, Nazi doctors and scientists conducted cruel medical experiments on prisoners in concentration camps, including twins, dwarves, and people with genetic disorders. Josef Mengele performed many experiments on twins at Auschwitz, including injecting chemicals in their eyes to try to change their eye color, infecting one twin with diseases to observe the effect, and attempting to sew twins together to create Siamese twins. These horrific experiments violated basic human rights and caused immense suffering.
Cell Therapy Expansion and Challenges in Autoimmune Disease
There is increasing confidence that cell therapies will soon play a role in the treatment of autoimmune disorders, but the extent of this impact remains to be seen. Early readouts on autologous CAR-Ts in lupus are encouraging, but manufacturing and cost limitations are likely to restrict access to highly refractory patients. Allogeneic CAR-Ts have the potential to broaden access to earlier lines of treatment due to their inherent cost benefits, however they will need to demonstrate comparable or improved efficacy to established modalities.
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What is Ethics ?
The word ‘ethics’ is derived from the Greek word,
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with what is good for individuals and society.
What is Clinical Research ?
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Importance of Ethics in Clinical Research :-
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UPDATED EDITION (HTTPS://WWW.LEARNER.ORG/SERIES/DISCOVERING-PSYCHOLOGY/) > 0. EXPLORATIONS
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TIMELINE
History of Psychology: Timeline
Contemporary Foundations
Discovering Psychology: Updated Edition
1879
First psychology laboratory
Wilhelm Wundt opens first experimental laboratory in psychology at the University
of Leipzig, Germany. Credited with establishing psychology as an academic
discipline, Wundt’s students include Emil Kraepelin, James McKeen Cattell, and G.
Stanley Hall.
1883
First American psychology laboratory
4/24/21, 6:46 AM
Page 1 of 24
G. Stanley Hall, a student of Wilhelm Wundt, establishes first U.S. experimental
psychology laboratory at Johns Hopkins University.
1886
First doctorate in psychology
The first doctorate in psychology is given to Joseph Jastrow, a student of G.
Stanley Hall at Johns Hopkins University. Jastrow later becomes professor of
psychology at the University of Wisconsin and serves as president of the
American Psychological Association in 1900.
1888
First professor of psychology
The academic title “professor of psychology” is given to James McKeen Cattell in
1888, the first use of this designation in the United States. A student of Wilhelm
Wundt’s, Cattell serves as professor of psychology at University of Pennsylvania
and Columbia University.
1892
APA founded
G. Stanley Hall founds the American Psychological Association (APA) and serves
as its first president. He later establishes two key journals in the field: American
Journal of Psychology (1887) and Journal of Applied Psychology (1917).
4/24/21, 6:46 AM
Page 2 of 24
1896
Functionalism
Functionalism, an early school of psychology, focuses on the acts and functions
of the mind rather than its internal contents. Its most prominent American
advocates are William James and John Dewey, whose 1896 article “The Reflex
Arc Concept in Psychology” promotes functionalism.
Psychoanalysis
The founder of psychoanalysis, Sigmund Freud, introduces the term in a scholarly
paper. Freud’s psychoanalytic approach asserts that people are motivated by
powerful, unconscious drives and conflicts. He develops an influential therapy
based on this assertion, using free association and dream analysis.
Structuralism
Edward B. Titchener, a leading proponent of structuralism, publishes his Outline
of Psychology. Structuralism is the view that all mental experience can be
understood as a combination of simple elements or events. This approach
focuses on the contents of the mind, contrasting with functionalism.
1896
First psychology clinic
After heading a laboratory at University of Pennsylvania, Lightner Witmer opens
world’s first psychological clinic to patients, shifting his focus from experimental
work to practical application of his findings.
1900
Interpretation of Dreams
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Serendipity
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Deeper Insights: Appendix 1
This document lists various individuals involved in mind control research and programming, including psychiatrists, researchers, intelligence agents, and occult figures like Anton LaVey. It provides biographical details on some of these individuals and their alleged roles in mind control activities. The document also lists programming techniques and covers topics like military mind control programs, trauma-based programming in occult groups, and the alleged involvement of intelligence agencies in these practices.
Unethical human experimentation in the United States - Wiki
Unethical human experimentation in the United States included deliberately infecting people with diseases, exposing people to biological and chemical weapons, performing surgical experiments without anesthesia, and injecting people with toxic substances. Many of these experiments were performed on children, prisoners, or the mentally ill without their consent. The experiments were often funded by the U.S. government and military and kept secret for many years, leading to public outcry and congressional investigations when revealed.
, write 600-800 words that respond to the following questions .docx
, write 600-800 words that respond to the following questions with your thoughts, ideas, and comments. This will be the foundation for future discussions by your classmates. Be substantive and clear, and use examples to reinforce your ideas.
Part one:
Ethics in Research
Utilizing the internet, and/or your textbook, choose one example of unethical research in a business setting:
· Summarize the research. Explain what the difference is between a good source and a bad source for your research project. Abrams text page 49.
· Explain why research might be considered unethical.
· Explain what ethical considerations there are and how to avoid these issues in your research project.
PAGE 49
In many situations, finding information about the method(s) used to collect data can help you evaluate its credibility. For instance, trade associations may be an excellent source of data, since many trade associations collect information about their indus- tries. However, this data may be either highly reliable—when it comes from those associations that are careful and objective in their research—or highly unreliable— when, for example, an association uses data for political or marketing purposes. When assessing the quality of data, look for:
GOOD SIGNS Data was collected by an independent research firm Large sample size Large percentage of those polled responded Objective, neutral questions were asked
BAD SIGNS Study was funded by a private company or association with a political agenda Small sample size Small percentage responding Questions were skewed to elicit particular responses Data with an Agenda Be particularly cautious when evaluating data from certain types of sources. This can include: Statistics from individual companies, which may have manipulated data to increase sales Data from politically or economically motivated organizations, which may have had a special agenda and used research techniques that support the message they want to send Data from studies with very small samples, which may not represent reality
You may wish to review an example timeline by clicking here.
Research Ethics Timeline (1932-Present)
by David B. Resnik, J.D., Ph.D.
· 1932-1972
The Tuskegee Syphilis Study, sponsored by the U.S. Department of Health. Studied the effects of untreated syphilis in 400 African American men. Researchers withheld treatment even when penicillin became widely available. Researchers did not tell the subjects that they were in an experiment. Most subjects who attended the Tuskegee clinic thought they were getting treatment for "bad blood."
· 1939-45
Morally abhorrent research conducted by German scientists on concentration camps prisoners and Japanese scientists on Chinese prisoners of war.
· 1940 O.R.
Two Nazi refugee scientists, Frisch and R.E. Peierls, warn the U.S. about Germany's nuclear weapons program. Albert Einstein writes a letter to Pres. Truman warning him about the Nazi threat.
· 1942-1945
The U.S. begins the $2 billion Man ...
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Ethics and nursing research
This document discusses ethics in nursing research. It provides an overview and defines key terms like ethics. It then discusses examples of unethical medical experiments conducted in Germany and the US in the past. It outlines the development of ethical codes and guidelines like the Nuremberg Code and Belmont Report. It also covers important aspects of ethical research like informed consent, protecting vulnerable groups, and the nurse researcher's role as an advocate.
Mdma humor chick_parody1
This document provides a summary of the history of MDMA from its discovery and early uses in psychotherapy to its prohibition and rise in recreational use. Some key points:
- MDMA was first synthesized in 1912 and studied by the US Army for potential use in chemical warfare in the 1950s. Psychotherapist Leo Zeff popularized its use in therapy in the 1970s, calling it "Adam".
- MDMA gained popularity in psychotherapy in the 1980s but its recreational use also increased, especially in the rave scene. Catholic priest Michael Clegg popularized the name "Ecstasy".
- The DEA banned MDMA in 1985 despite protests from therapists about its benefits. Its legal status fluctuated but
Presentation 11june2012
This document summarizes a study investigating whether parapsychology is a legitimate science or a pseudoscience. It discusses several paranormal phenomena studied by parapsychologists, such as telepathy, precognition, and psychokinesis. While parapsychologists have been working to improve experimental standards for nearly 100 years, critics often dismiss their claims without examining evidence. For a field of study to be considered scientific, its theories should be falsifiable, its results reproducible, and it should allow for predictable outcomes - features which parapsychology has struggled to demonstrate.
Human cloning
This document discusses human cloning and the arguments for and against it. It begins by explaining basic genetics principles and the Human Genome Project. It then discusses the controversy around human cloning, noting that while some see therapeutic potential, President Bush opposed destroying human embryos for research. Both sides of the cloning debate are presented, with arguments that it could help disease research or provide organ sources, but that clones may have health issues or undermine humanity. The conclusion is that human cloning should be supported to help sick people, if done therapeutically and not for human reproduction.
Nazi Experimentation And Treatment Of Twins
From 1933-1945, Nazi doctors and scientists conducted cruel medical experiments on prisoners in concentration camps, including twins, dwarves, and people with genetic disorders. Josef Mengele performed many experiments on twins at Auschwitz, taking blood and tissue samples, infecting one twin with diseases, and attempting to create Siamese twins through surgery. Other experiments included wound treatments, hypothermia research, sterilization methods, and infecting prisoners with diseases to test potential cures. The goal of many experiments was to benefit the Nazi war effort or prove racist Nazi ideologies.
Nazi Experimentation And Treatment Of Twins
From 1933-1945, Nazi doctors and scientists conducted cruel medical experiments on prisoners in concentration camps, including twins, dwarves, and people with genetic disorders. Josef Mengele performed many experiments on twins at Auschwitz, including injecting chemicals in their eyes to try to change their eye color, infecting one twin with diseases to observe the effect, and attempting to sew twins together to create Siamese twins. These horrific experiments violated basic human rights and caused immense suffering.
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ENC Powerpoint
- 1. In the Name of Science: A look at Project MKUltra By: John Dias (ENC3241)
- 2. Overview Project MKUltra was a codename of a covert United States research program experimenting in behavioral engineering. MKUltra used various techniques and chemicals on test subjects (mostly the drug Lysergic Acid Diethylamide or “LSD”).
- 3. Origins of MKUltra The program’s origins began in 1950 and was halted in 1973. The program was very widespread. Research was done at 80 institutions with 44 of those being various universities and colleges. The Central Intelligence Agency used fronts to disguise the real operation. CIA Director Allen Dulles officially launched the project on April 13, 1953.
- 4. Purpose The purpose of the project was to develop mind- controlling drugs to use during World War II. The project was launched in response to alleged Chinese, Soviet, and North Korean use of mind control techniques on U.S. POWs. The CIA wanted to be able to manipulate foreign leaders, and even planned scenarios to drug Fidel Castro.
- 5. Purpose cont’d In 1964, the project was retitled to MKSEARCH. This project was developed to produce a “truth drug” to use in interrogations against enemy soldiers. The Navy also had a plan to use sub aural frequencies to try and erase the memories of their targets.
- 6. Why LSD? Early efforts focused on the effects of the drug LSD and heavy research continued throughout the duration of the project. The CIA wanted to gain information if it was possible to make Russian spies defect against their will.
- 7. What is LSD? Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (also known as LSD or acid) is a synthetic drug which is known for altering the psyche of it’s users. LSD was first crafted in 1938. LSD can trigger panic attacks, anxiety, seizures, and can alleviate pain. Some studies suggested that LSD could even treat alcoholism.
- 8. Experiments Various biological and chemical processes were used. The drugs used included: Heroin Morphine MDMA Mescaline All drugs were used to determine if they could extract information from their test subject. Hypnosis to heighten the patient’s senses and to potentially retrieve information from against their will.
- 9. Experiments in Canada A Canadian scientist, Donald Cameron, who wanted to cure schizophrenia by erasing the memory. Cameron would use various drugs, including LSD, to place patients into comas. One patient went into a coma for three months. His treatments resulted in victims having amnesia, speech disorders, and long-term memory loss.
- 10. Lack of Informed Consent The biggest issue the government faced was the lack of informed consent on the people they performed experiments on unknowingly. The government was able to avoid most legal issues, but a few plaintiffs were able to receive compensation.
- 12. Disclosure All MKUltra documents were destroyed in 1973 during the Watergate scandal. The destruction of the documents made a full investigation of MKUltra nearly impossible. The New York Times claimed that the CIA conducted experiments on U.S. citizens. A Canadian News Show, The Fifth Estate, exposed MKUltra in 1984. They claimed that the Canadian government knew of all experiments. Dr. Cameron’s records were all destroyed after his death.
- 13. Works Cited "Chapter 3: Supreme Court Dissents...." hss.doe.gov. Office of Health, Safety, and Security. Web. 7 Apr 2013. <http://www.hss.doe.gov/healthsafety/ohre/roadmap/achre/chap3_4.html. "CIA Research in Behavior Modification." (Hosted on NY Times). Committee on Human Resources, 08 August 1977. Web. 7 Apr 2013. <http://www.nytimes.com/packages/pdf/national/13inmate_ProjectMKULTRA.pdf> . Elizabeth Nickson (October 16, 1994). "MIND CONTROL: MY MOTHER, THE CIA AND LSD". The Observer.