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ENABLING IoT FROM INTRODUCTION TO IOT BY MISRA
- 1. – Evolution ofInternet of Things (IoT)
- 2. Objectives • Understand theevolution of IoT • Identify precursor technologies • Explain transition to intelligent IoT systems
- 3. Early Internet Paradigm •Internet originally connected computers and people • Human-centric communication model • No direct interaction with physical world
- 4. Need for IoTEvolution • Lack of real-time physical data • Manual monitoring inefficiencies • Demand for automation and intelligence
- 5. Embedded Systems Era •Standalone task-specific systems • Limited computation and memory • No Internet connectivity
- 6. Machine-to-Machine (M2M) Communication •Automated communication between machines • Minimal human intervention • Proprietary architectures
- 7. Limitations of M2M •Vendor lock-in • Poor scalability • Lack of interoperability
- 8. Wireless Sensor Networks(WSN) • Large-scale sensor deployment • Distributed sensing and aggregation • Energy-constrained nodes
- 9. WSN Contributions andLimitations • Low-power sensing foundation • Environmental monitoring support • Limited Internet integration
- 10. Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) •Integration of computation and physical processes • Real-time feedback and control • Foundation for automation
- 11. Role of CPSin IoT • Bridges cyber and physical worlds • Supports smart environments • Enhances system autonomy
- 12. RFID Technology • Automaticobject identification • Non-line-of-sight communication • Mass tagging capability
- 13. RFID Contribution toIoT • Unique object identity • Tracking and tracing • Enabled object-centric Internet
- 14. Emergence of IoTParadigm • Integration of Internet, M2M, WSN, CPS, RFID • Global connectivity • Interoperable architecture
- 15. IoT Definition Perspective •Anytime, anywhere connectivity • Anything communication • Seamless interaction among things
- 16. Enabling Technologies –Overview • Sensors and actuators • Embedded systems • Communication technologies • Cloud and IPv6
- 17. Sensors and Actuators •Sense physical parameters • Generate real-world data • Enable control actions
- 18. Embedded Devices andEdge Computing • Microcontrollers and SoCs • Low power operation • Local intelligence
- 19. Communication Technologies • Wiredand wireless networks • Short and long range protocols • Reliable data exchange
- 20. Role of IPv6 •Huge address space • Unique device identification • IoT scalability enabler
- 21. Cloud Computing inIoT • Centralized data storage • High-performance analytics • IoT service platforms
- 22. IoT Evolution Phases •Identification • Connectivity • Interaction • Intelligence
- 23. Phase 1 –Identification • RFID-based tagging • Object identity • Basic tracking
- 24. Phase 2 –Connectivity • Internet-enabled devices • Remote access • Wireless networking
- 25. Phase 3 –Interaction • Device-to-device communication • Human–thing interaction • Data exchange
- 26. Phase 4 –Intelligence • Big data analytics • Artificial intelligence • Autonomous decisions
- 27. IoT Architecture View •Device layer • Network layer • Application layer
- 28. Characteristics of EvolvedIoT • Scalability • Interoperability • Context-awareness • Self-configuration
- 29. Challenges in IoTEvolution • Security • Privacy • Energy efficiency • Standardization
- 30. Security and PrivacyChallenges • Authentication and authorization • Data confidentiality • User privacy protection
- 31. Energy and StandardizationIssues • Battery constraints • Energy harvesting • Heterogeneous standards
- 32. Outcomes of IoTEvolution • Smart cities • Healthcare • Industrial IoT • Agriculture
- 33. IoT as FutureInternet • Internet of Everything • AI-integrated systems • Industry 4.0 foundation
- 34. Summary • IoT evolvedthrough multiple technologies • From isolated systems to intelligent networks • Enables real-world smart applications