EMP_Final_Project-1

Volusia County Public Library-Daytona Beach
Emergency Management Plan
Christopher Giovanetty
Charles Isackson
Thomas Wheatley
Edward Young
HS 310_01
Dr. Daniel Cutrer
April 9th, 2013

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Table of Contents
Title Page……………………………………………………………………………………...…………………………………….1
Table of Contents…….……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..2
Executive Summary………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...3
Fire…………………………………………………………………………………...........................................................3
Hurricane and Flood……………………………………………………………………………………………………....4
Active Shooter……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..4
Pandemic…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..5
Communications Plan……………………………………………………………………………………………………………....6
Emergency Contact Information……………………………………………………………………………......................................6
Incident Chain of Command………………………………………………………………………………………………………....6
IdentifiedHazards and the Emergency Management Process…………………………………………………………………..7
Fire……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….10
Introduction…………………………………………………………………………………………………....10
Mitigation……………………………………………………………………………………………………...10
Preparedness………………………………………………………………………..........................................13
Response………………………………………………………………………………………………………15
Recovery………………………………………………………………………………………………………16
Conclusion…………………………………………………………………………….....................................17
Hurricane and Flood……………………………………………………………………………………………………..19
Introduction…………………………………………………………………………........................................19
Mitigation……………………………………………………………………………………………………...20
Preparedness…………………………………………………………………………………………………..22
Response………………………………………………………………………………………………………22
Recovery………………………………………………………………………………………………………23
Conclusion…………………………………………………………………………….....................................23
Pandemic………………………………………………………………………………………........................................24
Introduction…………………………………………………………………………........................................24
Mitigation……………………………………………………………………………………………………...24
Preparedness…………………………………………………………………………………………………..25
Response………………………………………………………………………………………………………26
Recovery……………………………………………………………………………………………………….27
Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………......................................27
Active Shooter…………………………………………………………………………………........................................29
Introduction…………………………………………………………………………........................................29
Mitigation……………………………………………………………………………………………………...29
Preparedness……………………………………………………………………...............................................30
Response……………………………………………………………………………………………………….31
Recovery………………………………………………………………………….............................................33
Conclusion………………………………………………………………………..............................................33
Financial andBudgetary Impact………………………………………………………………………………………………….35
National Incident Management System (NIMS) Compliance………………………………………………………………......36
Education and Training…………………………………………………………………………………………………..36
Command and Management……………………………………………………………………………………………...36
Preparedness……………………………………………………………………………………………………………...36
Resource Management………………………………………………………………………….......................................36
Communication and Information Management………………………………….............................................................36
Ongoing Management and Maintenance………………………………………………………........................................37
Additional Recommendations…………………………………………………………………………………………………….38
Annexes and Appendices………………………………………………………………………………………………………….39
Fire Checklist…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….39
Hurricane Checklist……………………………………………………………………………………………………....40
Flood Checklist…………………………………………………………………………………......................................41
Pandemic Checklist……………………………………………………………………………………………………....42
Active Shooter Checklist………………………………………………………………………………………………....43
References………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….44
Photographic and Statistical References………………………………………………………………………………....44
Budgetary References…………………………………………………………………………........................................44

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Executive Summary
The Volusia County Public Library is located on City Park Island in Daytona Beach,
Florida. City Park Island sits in the intercostal highway that runs along the coast of Daytona
Beach. The island is shared by several different buildings including the Library and a baseball
stadium. There are two bridges for vehicles and one bridge for pedestrians that are used to get to
the island. Not including water access, these are the only ways to get to the island.
The library is open every day of the week, totaling approximately 60 hours a week. It serves as a
public source of knowledge to anyone in the community who wishes to use it. Housing
thousands of books, the library also utilizes online resources to provide more information to its
users. They also provide newspapers, DVD’s and VHS tapes. Approximately 230,000 residents
of Volusia County have library cards and have regular access to the library’s assets.
Due to several factors including its location and popularity, Volusia County Library faces
several hazards that would, if not properly addressed, would result in catastrophic damage or
significant loss of human life. This report will outline four of the most important hazards that and
how they can be properly accounted for. The four hazards are: hurricane/flooding, fire, active
shooter, and pandemic.
Fire
Fires are one of the most dangerous hazards in existence, and affect almost every type of
business. Fires can spread and grow out of control very quickly and cause severe amounts of
damage to people and property. Due to its isolated location, the Volusia County Library need not
worry about fires originating from outside sources, such as forest fires or fires that originate from
other buildings.

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However, the Library building is still very susceptible to fires that start from within. The
contents of the library, including books and other flammable materials, can help a fire spread
quickly and can cause extreme amounts of internal damage. While the building may be able to
survive the blaze, the contents on the inside can be destroyed and cost hundreds of thousands of
dollars to replace. Because of this enormous consequence, a great deal of mitigation and
preparedness must be used to defend against these types of fires. By taking the right steps, it is
highly feasible to eliminate most of the risk associated with a fire.
Hurricane and Flood
As is common knowledge, the state of Florida, due to its location, is particularly
susceptible to hurricanes and flooding. Each year during hurricane season, several hurricanes
threaten the entire state with strong winds and rain. As a result of its relatively shallow elevation
gradient, Daytona Beach faces the threat of storm surges that can cause severe amounts of
flooding. City Park Island is very susceptible to the storm surges and flooding that occurs with
most hurricanes and likewise must be prepared. Seeing as it is impossible to prevent a hurricane
from occurring, this plan must focus on the preparation and response to a hurricane and severe
flooding.
Pandemic
The world is full of thousands of deadly pathogens and diseases that are capable of
spreading between people rapidly. These disasters, known as pandemics, usually do not come
with a warning and can grow to infect hundreds or even thousands of people very quickly by
being transmitted through a variety of different ways. While they are rare, pandemics can be very
deadly and can strike almost anywhere. While they normally do not need human assistance to
spread, it is very possible for someone to aid in the spread of a deadly disease. Even though the

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likelihood of a pandemic occurring is rather low compared to other threats, they must still be
addressed due to the devastation they can cause. Mitigation options are limited in the event of a
pandemic, therefore most resources will be dedicated to the response phase of the emergency
management cycle.
Active Shooter
In recent months, the United States has been devastated by several active shooters who
have terrorized innocent civilians. It is a threat that has persisted for decades and has proven to
be very difficult to counter. Workplace violence, the number one cause of death in the workplace
for females, is also very hard to prevent because of the fact that it is usually carried out by
individuals with personal motives. Predicting such a disaster is easily the most difficult aspect of
stopping an active shooter. Being prepared for this attack and knowing how to respond to it will
be the most effective course of action that will save the most lives.

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Communications Plan
EmergencyContactInformation
FOR IMMEDIATE HELP DIAL:
Phone: 911
DAYTONA BEACH POLICE CHIEF:
Name: Michael Chitwood
Office Phone: (386) 671-5102 Fax: (386) 671-5112
Email Address: mchitwood@volusia.org
DAYTONA BEACH FIRE (HAZMAT) AND MEDICAL CHIEF:
Name: James Bland
Office Phone: (386) 671-4000 Fax: (386) 671-4010
Email Address: jbland@volusia.org
REGIONAL LIBRARIAN:
Name: Brooke White
Office Phone: (386) 257-6036 Fax: (386) 257-6046
Email Address: bwhite@volusia.org
Incident Chain of Command
NOTE: Incident commander varies by incident
1. Incident Commander:
A. Police Chief: Michael Chitwood (Active Shooter): The police chief’s job as
incident commander will be to set a safety perimeter around the library and
inform SWAT of all information that was gathered. This will allow him or her to
formulate a plan of action to either go in and neutralize the shooter or otherwise.
This plan will make sure the safety of the officers as well as personnel inside the
library. He or she will also be in charge of coordinating with the regional librarian
on exercise dates. If current police chief is not on location the next highest-
ranking officer will assume the role of incident commander.

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B. Fire Chief: James Bland (Hurricane/Flood, Pandemic, and Fire): The fire chief’s
job as incident commander will be to coordinate with local police to set up a
safety perimeter around the library. He or she will then assess the situation and
determine the most desirable course of action. For hurricane and flood, action
would include a search and rescue mission. For pandemic, action would include
quarantining the library and coordinating with HAZMAT to assess the severity of
the pandemic. For fire, the fire chief will be responsible for assessing the fire to
determine how the department will go about extinguishing and reducing damage,
as well as how to make sure that all people are safely outside of the library and
out of harm’s way. He or she will also be in charge of coordinating with the
regional librarian on exercise dates. If current fire chief is not on location the next
highest-ranking fireman is to assume the position of incident commander.
2. Command Staff
A. Safety Officer
i. Mark Smith: His or her job will be to make sure that each plan of action to
assist in these emergencies are in a safe manner and to make sure that risk
of harm to civilians or first responders is minimized.
B. Information Officer
i. John Doe: His or her job is to coordinate with the incident commander on
any information that was found out by witnesses or library employees that
may help in the emergency efforts. His or her job function will also iclude
relaying any commands the incident commander may have to other
people. Lastly, the information officer will communicate with the liaison

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officer to ensure all personnel are aware of even the most recent
developments.
C. Liaison Officer
i. Mary Cold: His or her job is to stay in contact with the information office
and relay what they know to the local media as to nature and status of the
emergency. They are also to inform the media if the library is closed, for
how long, and an alternate library the public can use while the primary
library is out of service.
3. General Staff
A. Operations Section Chief
i. Emily Jones: His or her job will be to coordinate with the incident
commander on what was practiced during an exercise and how what
impacts that exercise has on the current emergency management plan.
They will make sure that all proper equipment is on location and that
every person is executing their assigned duties.
B. Planning Section Chief
i. Bill Gates: The planning section chief will be a key factor in the
mitigation stage and recovery stage, both in how to assess the emergency
and how to better plan new exercises that prepare first responders better.
They shall also be present during exercises to make sure that first
responders are carrying out the plans properly. They will also work closely
with the incident commander as well as the operations chief in
coordinating the response.

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C. Logistics Section Chief
i. Steve Jobs: The logistics section chief is to make sure that all proper
equipment needed for the emergency is on location. It is also to make sure
that proper treatment is on location if needed during the emergency
response.
UPDATED BY:____________________________________ Date:_____________
PLEASE UPDATE THIS LIST ANNUALLY AND SUBMIT TO:
THE DAYTONA BEACH LIBRARY REGIONAL LIBRARIAN
BROOKE WHITE
BWHITE@VOLUSIA.ORG

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Figure 1- The Emergency
Management Cycle.
Identified Hazards and the Emergency Management Cycle
The following section will utilize the emergency management cycle
(see Figure 1) to identify and articulate countermeasures to four distinct
emergencies: fire, hurricane, active shooter, and pandemic.
FIRE
Introduction
Fire remains one of the most deadly and costly disasters faced by businesses today.
According to the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), in 2011, U.S. fire departments
responded to an estimated 1,389,500 fires. These fires caused 3,005 fatalities and 17,500 injuries.
Property loss was estimated approximately $11.7 billion. Given the drastic impact fires have on
business continuity, the aforementioned statistics must be given serious consideration and be
properly accounted for when constructing an emergency management plan.
Below are the steps necessary to adequately protect the Daytona Beach Volusia County Public
Library from the more dangerous and damaging aspects of a fire.
Mitigation
In order to mitigate the damage incurred through a fire, several simple measures can be
put into place. While the initial monetary investment may be rather uncomfortable, the cost of
mitigation pales in comparison to the cost, in both financial and human terms, of a catastrophic
fire.
Sprinkler System and Fire Extinguishers

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While installing this type infrastructure may be
expensive initially, it is easily one of the most damage-
mitigating measures that can be emplaced, particularly at a
library.
An effective sprinkler system (see Figure 2) becomes
active if the temperature of a room exceeds a specified, predetermined temperature. Large
quantities of water are dispersed throughout the building through sprinkler heads fixed to the
ceiling, reducing the negative impact of the fire to both property and life. While it is
recommended that all areas of the library have sufficient sprinkler coverage, if initial expense is
a formidable monetary obstacle, it is acceptable for library management to conduct an effective
risk assessment, as well as identify all critical assets. Following those steps, after library
management determines critical assets imperative to the library’s success as a public entity,
sprinkler heads can be installed in a strategic, more economical configuration.
The primary purpose that fire extinguishers (see Figure 3) serve is
the opportunity for library employees to suppress a fire early, before a
significant amount of damage or injury occurs. It must be noted, however,
that certain legal aspects relate to the possession of a fire extinguisher, such
as maintenance or inspection details. These legal requirements can be
found at NFPA 10 and the Occupational Safety and Health Administration’s Occupation Safety
and Health Standards, Standard Number 1910.157.
Figure 2- A modern sprinkler head.
Figure 3-A fire
extinguisher.

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Figure 4- A typical fire alarm system.
It is recommended that the Daytona Beach Volusia County Public Library utilize the
services provided by Southern Fire Protection of Orlando, Inc. as they apply to fire sprinkler
systems. Cost of these services, considering the need for a retrofitted sprinkler system, is
estimated at $2.00-$3.00/sq. ft. A commercial grade fire extinguisher cost approximately
$120.00 per unit, and can be ordered or purchased from any major office supply store.
Fire Alarm System and Evacuation Plan Directional Placards
A properly functioning fire alarm system alerts all library employees and patrons that
there is a clear and present danger of a fire on library grounds. It also serves as a signal to
activate a predetermined evacuation plan.
A fire alarm system (see Figure 4) and evacuation plan serves two primary purposes. The
first of these two purposes is to ensure that human life is
protected. Additionally, if the fire is small enough, it
provides expedient notification to library employees of
the emergency, granting an opportunity for the fire to be
suppressed early and for damage mitigation to be
maximized.
In addition to an alert system, notification and ample description of the library’s
evacuation plan must be placed in multiple highly visible locations throughout the library. This
includes, but is not limited to, items such as distinct and clear maps displaying the route of travel,
bright exit signs, emergency floor lighting, and easily legible signs indicating the position of fire
alarm activation levers.
It is recommended that the library purchase the Elco EE97HR Double Face Configurable
LED Exit Sign, available for approximately $85.00 per unit. Maps of the interior of the building

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can be produced in-house for nominal costs. The recommended fire alarm and smoke detection
system is the SK-5208 - Silent Knight 10 Zone Conventional Fire Alarm System, available for
$825.50 per unit.
Preparedness
Monthly Fire Drills
Preparedness begins with training, and the most crucial, life-saving training with respect
to a fire is the simple, tried-and-true fire drill.

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A fire drill is
the practical run-
through and rehearsal
of the fire evacuation
and response plan.
Key components of an
effective fire drill
include rehearsing
where the appropriate
exits are, identifying
and quickly reaching
the designated meeting
place outside the building, how to sound the alarm, how to properly operate a fire extinguisher,
how to call 911, and practicing the basic tenants of first aid and cardiopulmonary resuscitation
(CPR). Fire drills also provide an opportunity to rehearse contingency plans, such as if the
primary method of evacuation is obstructed or if there is a casualty requiring a stretcher in order
to successfully evacuate the structure. The fire drill for the library should consist of the items
listed above, however, what is most important in a fire drill is a thorough understanding of the
evacuation route. The evacuation route for the Daytona Beach Volusia County Public Library is
shown above (Figure 5).
Maintain a Strong Professional Relationship with First Responders
First responders (see Figure 6) are essential to the success of an emergency management
plan. As their name implies, first responders are normally associated with the immediate
Figure 5-Volusia County Public Library Fire Evacuation Plan

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response to a disaster such as a fire or active shooter, however, first responders can also prove
invaluable during the planning and
preparation process of the emergency
management cycle. Ensuring that the
library has an exemplary relationship with
local first responders can greatly enhance
the efficiency and effectiveness of an
emergency management plan. For
example, if a paramedic knows the location
and route of travel to a designated safe place prior to a fire, that paramedic can promptly direct
resources and medical attention to that area without having to sift through a scene of mass
confusion. Such a measure could potentially save countless lives and resources.
Figure 6- A Daytona Beach emergency medical response team, one
of the many types of first responders.

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It is recommended that the Daytona Beach Volusia County Public Library maintain a
strong professional relationship with first responders through methods such as including first
responders at least once a year in fire drills,
becoming familiar with what equipment and
procedures the first responding crew will employ
upon arriving at the scene of the disaster, and
providing information pertaining to the library’s
critical assets and emergency countermeasures
already in place. All costs associated with the above recommendations are provided for through
other city departments, and therefore have no monetary effect on the library.
Response
Ensure the Proper Response is the First Response
Despite an earnest effort to prevent fires and other disasters, bad things do happen (see
Figure 7). Perhaps an employee or patron becomes complacent in their fire safety, or the
library’s no-smoking rule is violated, or maybe even a fire is set intentionally.
In any case, an emergency has just struck, and it is time for the measures taken during the
mitigation and preparedness phases of emergency
management to become activated.
After all mitigation and preparedness steps have been taken prior to the fire, the next
course of action is to initiate the emergency action plan (EAP) that has been rehearsed and
understood by both library patrons and employees.
The steps to respond to a fire in the library are as follows:
1. Activate the fire alarm or other alert system.
Figure 7- Fire fighters respond to a local house fire.

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Through any means available, ensure that all occupants of the building are aware that
there is a fire.
2. Dial 911 and report the fire to local emergency personnel.
Contact your local emergency personnel and first responders. Even if the fire turns out to
be minor, it is better to have too much help than not enough.
3. If fire is small enough, attempt to suppress and extinguish it using the fire
extinguisher and any other available means.
Attempt to extinguish the fire only if the size is manageable. If there are any doubts as to
whether or not the fire can be extinguished through fire extinguisher alone, immediately proceed
to step 4.
4. Evacuate the building in a quick, yet orderly fashion.
Using the predetermined evacuation routes and meeting at the designated meeting place,
evacuate all personnel from the building. Encourage a calm exit from the building, in order to
prevent trampling or chaos.
5. Proceed and wait at the designated meeting place.
Guide all personnel to the designated meeting place and wait for first responders.
Administer first aid or CPR to any casualties in need. Transfer care of casualties to medical
professionals upon their arrival and assist further only if asked.
As implied earlier, it is vital all library personnel are fully aware and understand their
roles in the event of a fire. This can only be assured through thorough and frequent training as
prescribed in the previous two phases of the emergency management cycle.
Recovery
Taking Steps to Return to Normalcy

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Once the fire has been extinguished and all casualties are receiving any medical care they
may require, the recovery phase of the emergency management cycle begins (see Figure 8).
The scope of the recovery greatly depends on the scale of the fire and the magnitude of
the devastation. The consequences of a few charred books is quite a far cry from the
consequences of a complete and total destruction of the building and all its contents. Therefore, it
is recommended that a comprehensive insurance policy is purchased for the library in order to
cover property loss and/or injury to persons.
On average, the monthly premium cost for total coverage against all disasters (a.k.a. all
perils property insurance) in the State of Florida is roughly $1,386.00. However, due to the
library’s disposition and purpose as a public entity, that premium is likely to be higher.
After filing an insurance claim and receiving sufficient funds, the replacement of
copyrighted property, particularly items such as
paper books, electronics, and films should be a
priority. It is recommended that the library
maintain a database of all operationally critical
items and have a plan instituted to quickly
replace the lost or damaged of these items. In
addition to restocking the library shelves, a plan
to repair or reconstruct damaged portions of the
building must be in place and activated simultaneously.
A property replacement plan is free to draft and finalize.
In the event of a worst case scenario fire, that is, loss of human life occurs, the library
must be prepared to provide pertinent information, and, if necessary, legal deposition in order to
Figure 8- Rebuilding lost structures is an important part of
the recovery phase.

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assist in any investigation that may follow the fire. This includes, but is not limited to, an
available copy of this emergency management plan, specific and accurate recollection of the
events leading up to, during, and immediately following the fire, and actions take both pre- and
post-fire to prevent such a disaster from occurring again. Legal fees will be paid for by the City
of Daytona, therefore, the Daytona Beach Volusia County Public Library will not assume any
financial burden.
Conclusion
If the measures stated in the above text are taken seriously and executed in earnest, the
Daytona Beach Volusia County Public Library will be significantly more protected against the
devastating consequences of a fire than previously.

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HURRICANE AND FLOOD
Introduction
This plan should be used to describe the steps
needed to mitigate, prepare, respond to, and recover
from a hurricane or flood (see Figure 9). Also, this plan
should be updated periodically to maintain NIMS
compliance, as well as make use of new technology or
for new hazards. Lastly, this plan should allow the Public Library to be able to continue
operation after a hurricane or flood.
Basic Hurricane and Flood Information
A hurricane can provide very high winds,
spawn tornadoes and cause flooding. Fortunately,
there is a lot of warning before a hurricane hits.
Floods however, could happen at a moment’s notice
and cause a lot of structural damage as well as wash
away loose debris and cause erosion. The severity of
the hurricane is gauged using a matrix known as the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale. Storm
surge and wind speed dictates where the impending hurricane will fall along a scale of 1-5, a
Category 5 hurricane the most severe (see Figure 10).
Risk Analysis
Since the library is located right on an intracoastal waterway and hurricanes are prone to
Figure 9- On August 24th, 1992, Hurricane Andrew, a
devastating Category 5 hurricane, slammed into the
western coast of Florida.
Figure 10- The Saffir-Simpson Scale.

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strike Florida, the likelihood of having a flood or hurricane is very high. The damages could vary
from negligible to catastrophic depending on the strength of a hurricane and surge. The biggest
risk that the library faces is destruction or damage of its books. According to Floodsmart.gov,
flood liklihood isn't just based on history. Additionally, it’s based on a number of factors,
including rainfall, river-flow and tidal-surge data, topography, flood-control measures, and
changes due to building and development (see Figure 11).
Figure 11- Impact of a hurricane or flood on the Volusia County Public Library.
Mitigation
According to FEMA, mitigation is the effort to reduce loss of life and property by
lessening the impact of disasters. Mitigation is taking action before the disaster happens, and
recovering in a way that lessens the impact of a next disaster. For every dollar spent on
mitigation, four dollars are saved in recovery.
For floods, one of the easiest mitigations is to have insurance. Insurance can help in the
recovery phase by providing money to rebuild the library and purchase replacement equipment

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and inventory. By becoming part of the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) and having
adequate hurricane insurance, the library will have access to money to recover from such
disasters.
In addition to having insurance, knowing the proper State and Federal evacuation routes,
as well as where local shelters are prior to an event, are essential to both survival and continuity
of operations (COOP).
Having a barrier around the library will also prevent flooding by slowing flood waters
and preventing significant degrees of wind and water damage. Sandbag walls are recommended
and should be at least 2ft high. Doing a monthly inventory will allow the library staff to know
what books are currently in the library as well as knowing where checked out books are. This
will allow for proper planning when it comes to the checklists in the appendices section of this
document. Being able to protect most of the books from damage is a major part for business
continuity. Along with doing inventories, having digital copies for each book will allow the
library to temporarily replace books until new books can be ordered.
Structural support is also an important part of mitigation. The library must ensure its
building can withstand high winds, for such a structural characteristic will aid in the recovery
phase of the emergency management cycle. Any structural mitigation changes, such as hurricane
roof clips, will help the building withstand high winds, and a proper drainage system will help
keep flood levels.
Preparedness
Preparedness is the Emergency Management phase which allows the library to improve
on this plan, as well as test any procedures, equipment, and response times. This includes drills
and exercises. It very important that this plan be updated every 2 years and that drills are held at

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the start of hurricane season. These drills are to make sure that employees are familiar with the
checklists, and that the checklists can be completed in a timely fashion. These drills do not
require that resources be used (for example, actually boarding up windows), but should be
appropriately simulated to prove that the checklist can be accomplished, and that sufficient
resources are available. Familiarize the staff with any changes to flood charts, evacuation routes,
the emergency management plan, forecasted weather, and appropriately train or retrain staff. A
few example scenarios are listed below.
Example Scenarios
 A category 3 hurricane is forecasted to hit Flagler County in ten days. The local moving
companies have no available rental trucks.
 An abnormally heavy rain season has eroded the bank to the inter-coastal waterway and
water is pouring into the library, and the drainage system is clogged.
 A flash flood has occurred.
 A category 5 hurricane is forecast to hit Volusia County in 5 days, no lumber supplies are
available.
Response
Response is the actual implementation of all your planning and use of training for a
certain event. How the Library is able to cope with a hurricane or flood is highly dependent on
mitigation steps and overall preparedness. Response is often the most visible part of the
emergency management cycle.
Necessary measures should be taken to not interfere with ongoing State and Federal
rescue and response operations, and State or Federal guidelines should be followed. If any

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employees wish to aid in response efforts, the following website should be used:
http://nvoad.org/help.
The event checklists should be used and followed. Do not return to Daytona Beach until
it is safe to do so.
It is also a recommended that any problems with the emergency plan be noted.
Recovery
This phase is to get the Library back in normal operating condition. Key functions
include having a facility to operate from, having a functional inventory, and encouraging patrons
return.
If the building is still standing, do not go near it until it is properly inspected and it may
be structurally unstable. After conducting a damage report, insurance claims should be filed and
any insurance money should be used to repair or rebuild the library with the necessary mitigation
measures to withstand future events. If it becomes necessary to build a new facility, utilize as
many mitigation measures as possible to help withstand the next hurricane or flood. As stated
earlier, hurricane roof clips, drainage system, as well as any future mitigation technologies will
help save money and time spent on the response stage.
Conclusion
Should the library adhere to the recommendations made above, damage and loss due to
hurricane and flood will be minimal.

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PANDEMIC
Introduction
Public libraries are very highly trafficked public
facilities that are open to everyone. With this, employees and
visitors of the library are exposed to whatever might be brought
in the facility; such as diseases or bacteria (see Figure 12, 13).
Mitigation
One of the hardest parts about a pandemic is trying to
prevent its occurrence, in addition to detecting unwanted diseases or bacteria in the library. The
only practical measure is to keep in good contact with local first responders and HAZMAT
crews and have a plan of action in place in the event of such a disaster was to occur.
Create and Rehearse Evacuation/Containment Plan
When either an employee notices a pandemic outbreak, the whole building is to be placed
in isolation by library employees, until first responders are at the library and properly assess what
kind of pandemic they are dealing with. From there, HAZMAT will be able to set up
decontamination tents or better quarantine the people so that they can be transported to Halifax
hospital to undergo treatment if needed.
Designate a Containment Zone
The library is to have a designated containment zone for when a pandemic is detected.
This will be the open library floor, excluding any offices or back of house rooms. Everyone that
is on the main library floor will be locked down inside until first responders arrive on scene and
can assess the damage. Anyone that is in an office or back of house room will remain in that
Figure 12- The international biohazard
symbol.

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Figure 13- A microscope's view of the smallpox virus.
room until the first responders can assess the damage and see if they have been exposed as those
on the main library floor may have been.
Preparedness
Urge Employees and Users to Remain Home When Ill
Any employee that has come down with an illness that is contagious to the people around
them will be asked to stay at home. This will help prevent the spreading of that disease to other
employees or visitors. Employees will be able to return to work when they are healthy, but will
have to wear a mask, as a precautionary measurement, until they have been properly cleared by a
physician.
Coordinate and Rehearse Pandemic EMP with Local First Responders
All employees are to become familiar with the EMP for this library so they know what to
do in this type of emergency. The head librarian will be responsible for keeping in contact with
local first responders and HAZMAT. This will make
sure that the contact information stays up to date and
that the first responders also know whom to contact
at the library. The head librarian will also be
responsible for setting up training exercises at which
the library will practice its annually full-scale
exercise with local first responders for this type of
emergency.
Conduct Evacuation/Containment Drills Annually

27
The head librarian will set dates in which the library will conduct containment drills to
ensure that every employee knows what their job will be during this type of emergency. These
drills will be conducted multiple times a year and should be conducted during the first couple
days of training of a new hire so that they know what to do; the head librarian will plan all other
times out. There will be one full exercise a year in which the library will coordinate with first
responders and HAZMAT and all equipment will be mobilized. This will ensure that employees
are trained on how to quarantine the library and contain everyone inside. This will also be good
for first responders and HAZMAT to make sure that they are properly equipped to handle this
type of situation.
Response
The beginning of the response phase would start when an employee or visitor has become
ill or notices a certain substance out the ordinary possibly in one of the books. At this point the
library will be put on lock down and anyone already inside will have to remain there until first
responder and HAZMAT can come in and assess the illness or substance. If they find that the
people in the library have been exposed to something that will cause them harm those people will
be quarantined and transported to the Halifax hospital in which they will undergo treatment.
Conduct Previously RehearsedEvacuation/Containment Plans
The whole response phase should be executed as close to the previously rehearsed
exercises as possible. This will help reduce the risk of contaminated people from exiting the
building and spreading it out more to other people outside the library. Once the building is in
lock down all commands will come from the HAZMAT crew and all employees will have to
assist them with any information they may need to better assess the situation at hand.
Recovery

28
Ensure Safety of Structure Prior to Reentry
After the pandemic has subsided, the recovery phase will have started. All people
contained in the library will be treated. However, depending on the type of outbreak, the library
itself will also be contaminated at this point. Upon assessing what type of pandemic it is, books
will either have to be properly disposed of to make sure that no one else is to contract this
pandemic, or they will have to be treated with a chemical agent that kills the source of the
pandemic. The library should also be in contact with people that specialize in this type clean up
to help expedite the recovery process and return the library to full operational capacity. They
should also have a digital catalog of all the books they originally had in the event they need to be
replaced and have contact information of a bookseller. Until then, the library is to post on their
website an alternate library in which people can go to access the information they need while the
primary library is closed.
Prevent Exposed Employees from Returning to Work Until Fully Recovered
After the pandemic has been properly handled, library employees will have to return to
work. However, before returning to work, employees must be fully recovered as to not spread the
pandemic to the new visitors. They will have to be cleared by a doctor to show that they are at a
stage where it is no longer transmittable and they can no longer pass it on to other people before
they will be allowed back to work.
Conclusion
While currently uncommon, pandemic outbreaks are indeed occurring in frequency.
Additionally, some diseases are increasing in strength and ability to resist powerful drugs. A high
trafficked place like a library where many people from all around come on a daily basis, the
threat of a pandemic is ever so present and should be properly planned for. Only through these

29
responsible steps can the library, its employees, and patrons overcome the threat of a serious
pandemic.

30
Figure 14- Security camera footage of Columbine High
School on April 20th, 1999. The shooting rocked the
nation and put into the public eye the real danger of
an active shooter.
ACTIVE SHOOTER
Introduction
The horror of an active shooter is a problem
that is, unfortunately, seen all across the country. This
violence can be caused by anyone from disgruntled
employees to the random lone gunman and can have
devastating effects. In recent months, there have been more and more shootings in public places
with defenseless citizens being targeted (see Figure 14). Whether motivated by a personal
vendetta or political reasons, such attakcs must be dealt with in a swift and effective manner.
Mitigation
One of the most daunting aspects about an active shooter situation is that it is very hard to
prevent one. When it comes to the lone shooter scenario, it is almost impossible to stop a shooter
from doing what they are planning, provided they are motivated enough and know that they will
not come out alive. Because of this fact, the role of mitigation will not be as effective as the
response phase.
Extra Physical Security Measures
In order to secure any building, a combination of defenses are needed to work as
deterrents and detectors. One of the most essential components is security guards. Guards are
highly effective because they can work as a deterrent for crime, they can detect any problems
while they are walking through the compound, and they have the capability to respond to threats
immediately while the police are on the way. The downside to security guards is that they can be
expensive and require multiple shifts. At any time, only one or two guards are needed in order to
be effective, but one may be optimal. In order to reduce the need for extra guards, detection

31
systems will be needed. Cameras allow the on-site security to monitor the building faster and
more efficiently.
Escape Routes
During almost any emergency, it will be necessary for an immediate evacuation of the
building, as well as the island it sits on. The building should already have multiple escape routes
ready and clear of obstructions in case of an emergency. These escape routes might not be
known by visitors, so we believe that the library should add small placards around the building
with the escape routes pictured so that everyone in the building can have a readily available
reminder of where to go when an emergency occurs. Clearly marked exit signs will also help
guide everyone out of the building.
Implementation of Measures from the Recovery Phase
During the Recovery phase, it is necessary to review the event and decide what could
have been done to mitigate more efficiently. If any discoveries are made and can be feasibly
implemented, they should be added as quickly as possible to prevent another attack.
Preparedness
Monthly Drills
In order to prepare the employees to deal with a real life situation, monthly drills should
be implemented to test their evacuation plans. These drills are generally very similar to fire
drills, so the two should be done at the same time to be as efficient as possible. They will need to
cover the basics from building evacuation in the case of a fire or active shooter as well the more
complex aspects as fire extinguisher operation, who to contact during an emergency, and some
basic training in First Aid.
Active Shooter Scenario Training

32
Figure 15- The local SWAT team responds to the Virginia
Tech shooting on April 16th, 2007.
One major problem that occurs during an active shooter situation is that people do not
know where to go or what to do. People are usually panicking and do not know what is the right
thing to do. It is not uncommon for some people to actually run towards the sound of gunfire, not
realizing what they are doing. In order to prevent employees from making mistakes like this,
they need to be educated on what to do in these situations. Patrons should have a general idea of
what needs to be done to stay safe and to help any visitors who may not know what the safest
course of action is.
Conduct Exercises with Local Law Enforcement
Preparing for a real life scenario is very
difficult because there are a lot of factors that cannot
be predicted. For example, it is very difficult to
know exactly how long it will take the police to
arrive and to deal with the situation. Every year, the
library should schedule and conduct a test to make
sure that responding forces are always ready and
able to help out (see Figure 15). These tests will also involve an evacuation of the premises to
test the effectiveness of the evacuation plans. By conducting these tests, we can discover any
flaws with our plans and make the necessary improvements as well as help to prepare everyone
for this type of event.
Response
As stated earlier, this phase will perhaps be the most important. Preventing an attack is
almost impossible so we have almost no choice but to respond to it in the best possible way. It is
also important to note that this phase cannot be very effective if the ones carrying out this plan

33
are not properly trained. The training mentioned in the previous step is absolutely vital to the
success of the response phase.
Detection
In order to respond to the threat of an active shooter, the shooter must first be detected.
Once the attack has begun, it will be very obvious to everyone that something has happened, but
that doesn’t mean a shooter can’t be identified before he starts shooting. Everyone in the library
should be on the lookout for suspicious activity. If someone spots anything that could pose a
serious threat, it is imperative that they report the threat to either the security guards or the
police. Once an attack has begun and everyone is aware of the shooter, someone must contact the
police. They cannot respond in a timely manner if no one warns them about the situation. One
problem that the library faces is its isolation. It is on an island of sorts that can only be accessed
by two bridges. This means that there won’t be a lot of people outside the building who can
contact the police while the attack is happening. This isolation means that someone will need to
be able to contact the police immediately.
Evacuation
As a shooter is detected, a safe evacuation must immediately commence. There are
placards on the walls that outline safe evacuation routes as well as exit signs that direct all
patrons to exits. When evacuating a building due to any threat, it is important that all pay
attention to your surroundings. Whether there is a shooter or a fire somewhere in the building,
patrons should not walk straight towards the hazard. Patrons should listen for anything that could
give away the position of the shooter, such as a gunshot, in order to have a general idea of where
not to go. It is not uncommon for shooters to wait near exits so that his targets run straight to

34
him. Once you have identified where the shooter is, patrons can safely make their way to the
safest, most convenient exit. Patrons must not attempt to engage the attacker in any way
Hand the Situation Over to the Police
Once all patrons have made it out of the building, police will assist survivors. The local
police department is a highly trained force and can handle the situation from this point. Any
interference can cause harm to either other patrons or other officers. Also, patrons must be sure
to comply with the police and answer any questions they may have regarding the situation.
Recovery
Account for any Damages or Injuries/Deaths
In the event of an active shooter, there is likely to be property damage, though nothing
major. Books, computers, walls and windows to have damages from the shooter. Unless the
shooter were to bring some sort of explosives with him, it is unlikely that any major structural
damage will occur. The cost of repairing the structure is dependent on how much damage
occurred but will still be relatively cheap in this scenario. At this point, all employees must be
accounted for. Employees may need time off of work whether they may be injured or
traumatized over the event, so accommodating after such a tragedy will be necessary.
It is very important to hold an investigation as to what went wrong with the buildings
security systems and find out how to better prepare for another attack. It is also important to
know how effective the emergency plan was and if anything failed so that it may be revised and
made more efficient. Any discovered flaw with the emergency plan can then be revised in the
mitigation phase.
Conclusion

35
An active shooter is a highly unpredictable and dangerous situation that no one wants to
be involved with. While there will probably not be as much property damage compared to other
emergencies, the loss of life that may occur is a tragedy that no one wants to live with.
Preventing this event is very difficult, sometimes impossible, so responding to this threat may be
the only choice.

36
Financial and Budgetary Impact
In order to implement the recommendations described in this document, a budget must be
established to pay for any changes. The following table (Figure 16) will outline changes made
for each scenario and approximately how much they will cost to implement*:
*Sources of cost estimation can be found in the “References” section of this document.
Figure 16- Cost breakdown and budgetary impact table.
(3)

37
National Incident Management System (NIMS) Compliance
1. Education and Training
a. All employees must take and pass IS 120.A – An Introduction to Exercises.
2. Command and Management
a. The Head Librarian is given the responsibility of Emergency Manager for the
Daytona Beach Public Library. This entails that they are responsible for ensuring
that all staff are properly trained, updating and amending the emergency plan,
proper checklist usage, evacuations, and insuring that the proper resources are
available.
b. The Head Librarian can delegate their responsibilities if necessary, and must yield
authority to any one qualified above them (IE Incident Commander, Chief of
Police)
3. Preparedness
a. Staff must be familiar on how to use resources properly, as well as their locations
b. Drills must be conducted as stated in the Emergency Management Plan
c. Staff must also be familiar with State/Federal evacuation routes
d. Emergency Plan is up to date
e. Staff are properly trained
4. Resource Management
a. All expended resources are replaced
b. Resources are readily available and are able to function properly
c. Inventories are properly conducted

38
5. Communication and Information Management
a. See communications plan
6. Ongoing Managementand Maintenance
a. Proper equipment inspections
b. Resource and book inventories
c. Equipment usage/ replacement
d. Drills and training

39
Additional Recommendations
 There are many relevant FEMA courses available at training.FEMA.gov that would
further enhance the effectiveness of the emergency management cycle. All library
employees should take the following courses:
IS 321 – Hurricane Mitigation Basics for Mitigation Staff
IS 5.A – An Introduction to Hazardous Materials
IS 106.13 – Workplace Violence Awareness Training
 Have a contract with a local moving truck company to ensure vehicles are available for
evacuations.
 Re-examine and adjust Insurance policies annually, if necessary.
 Have the plan reviewed by Volusia County Emergency Management Personnel for
further feedback and advice.
 Alter Landscape near the library to lessen flooding and optimize crime prevention
through environmental design (CPTED).
 Ensure all employees have basic First Aid and CPR training.

40
Annexes and Appendices
Fire Checklist
Fires are dangerous primarily due to how difficult they can be to predict. This checklist is to
be used as soon as a fire has been detected.
 Sound the fire alarm so employees and visitors know to evacuate the building via the
proper evacuation placards posted throughout the building.
 Contact local fire department and first responders about the fire.
 Assist all people out of the library as needed and make sure there is no one left in the
building if possible.
 If fire is small enough; extinguish it with a fire extinguisher.
 Report fire to the library’s insurance company.

41
Hurricane Checklist
This checklist is only to be used if a hurricane has been forecasted to hit Volusia County or
surrounding areas and should be started at least a one week maximum prior to forecasted
hurricane landfall. This checklist may take several days or weeks to complete.
 Close library to general public.
 Update previous inventory check.
 Begin packing up literature or computers for transportation in appropriate containers.
 Take necessary measures in order to prevent damaging fragile items.
 Acquire necessary transport vehicles (i.e. moving vans/trucks or personal vehicles).
 Carefully load most important documents or computers first to ensure their evacuation.
 Load the remaining items, acquire more vehicles if necessary.
 Assess the building to assure no item has been missed and unplug any electrical devices.
 Purchase the necessary lumber and nails/screws to board up all windows and doors.
 Board up all windows and doors to prevent wind and water damage.
 Place sandbags around the perimeter of the building to prevent flooding.
 Once Building is secure follow the appropriate Florida Evacuation Route.
 Wait until safe to return to Daytona Beach.

42
FloodChecklist
Floods can be very unpredictable. This checklist can be used as soon as a flood watch or
warning has been issued. Please note that time is particularly limited in this scenario, and as a
result, this checklist should be executed as quickly as possible.
 Sand bag all doorways.
 Remove books closest to the floor and place them at a higher level.
 Unplug all electric devices.
 Shelter in Place (do not go outside).
 Use emergency radio for weather updates.
 Block all entry points where water starts to enter.
 Wait inside until all clear signal is given.

43
Pandemic Checklist
This checklist will be used as soon as a pandemic outbreak has occurred.
 Quarantine the whole building, letting no one in or out.
 Let all library personal know of the situation and advise them to stay off the library floor
if they are in their offices to prevent from possible contamination.
 Contact local first responders to let them know of the pandemic.
 Advise all people in the library to stay where they are and not to touch anything else to
prevent spreading of the contamination.
 Head librarian is to communicate with first responders and HAZMAT for their intentions
of how to assess the situation.
 Employees are not to return to work until such action is approved by a licensed physician.

44
Active ShooterChecklist
Like a fire, an active shooter can be very unpredictable. This checklist is to be memorized
and executed soon as an active shooter has been detected.
 Contact local law enforcement and first responders.
 If you are not close to an exit out of the building try and find a safe room with no
windows to hide from the shooter.
 Communicate with local law enforcement if able to let them know how many people may
be in the building and how many shooters there are and a description of the shooter; as
well as any other information they may need.

45
References
Photographic and StatisticalReferences
http://imapp.vcgov.org/mox6/FloodZone.cfm?action=mox6_view_interface&CFID=397856&CFTOKEN=1892726
5&jsessionid=84305da6478c5bc19adf2240727010726a6a
http://kootation.com/everything-is-different-doesn-t-mean-anything-has-changed-irene.html
http://textbookofbacteriology.net/themicrobialworld/Smallpox.html
http://www.columbine-online.com/killers/columbine-photos-pictures-eric-harris-dylan-klebold.htm
http://training.fema.gov/IS/
http://www.allvoices.com/news/11061197-virginia-tech-shooting-captured-on-slain-police-officers-dash-camera
http://www.daytonastate.edu/marketing/pr/ses_openhouse.html
http://www.floodsmart.gov/floodsmart/?cid=Search_Google_Adwords_FEMA_Brand
http://www.nfpa.org/aboutthecodes/AboutTheCodes.asp?DocNum=10
http://www.nfpa.org/assets/files/pdf/os.fireloss.pdf
http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/
http://www.clker.com/clipart-2628.html
http://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_id=9811&p_table=STANDARDS
http://www.southernfire.net/sprinkler.htm
http://www.theherdsword.com/author/mike/
http://www.volusia.org/services/public-protection/emergency-management/
Budgetary References
http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B001DBROYK/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=howmuch-
20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399369&creativeASIN=B001DBROYK
http://www.bls.gov/ooh/protective-service/security-guards.htm
http://www.daytonastate.edu/chhps/CTC.html
http://www.firesprinkler.org/pressarea/faq.html
http://www.homesecuritystore.com/p-1637-sk-5208-silent-knight-10-zone-conventional-fire-alarm-control-
panel.aspx
http://www.insure.com/home-insurance/average-home-premiums.html
http://www.lightingdirect.com/elco-ee97hr-single-or-double-face-configurable-led-exit-sign-with-two-adjustable-5-
6w-emergency-light-heads-and-red-letters/p1658944?source=gg-gba-
pla_1658944____27796015889&s_kwcid=PTC!pla!!!54302283929!g!!27796015889&gclid=CPWa3te0m
bYCFQ7znAodtz4AzA
http://www.sandbagstore.com/standard-sandbags--poly-sandbags.html
http://www.staples.com/office/supplies/StaplesProductDisplay?storeId=10001&catalogIdentifier=2&partNumber=1
54328&langid=-1&cid=PS:GooglePLAs:154328&KPID=154328

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