Events are full of potential challenges and hazards for event participants, staff members, vendors and volunteers. It is the responsibility of the planner to thoroughly evaluate an event to foresee where these pitfalls may lie and develop strategies to implement on-site, should those challenges occur.

1. Event Management – Risk Management Assignment
Student Name: Sean Grace
Selected Festival: Artistic Uprising
Time of Year: June
Read the instructions for this assignment on the FSO platformbefore completing this template.
Part 1:
Refer to the instructions for the requirements of this section.
Research: Properly cited& referenced research to support yourplansis necessary. A minimumof
three (3) reference perissueis required.
Issue #1 Weather:
What weather challenge haveyou
selected toplan for?
Oakland, California has one of the most comfortable
climates in the United States. Inclement weather events are
rare and especially so in the month of June. According to a
chart on Weather Spark, “in Oakland, the chance of a wet
day over the course of June is gradually decreasing, starting
the month at 5% and ending it at 1%. For reference, the
year's highest daily chance of a wet day is 30% on February
20, and its lowest chance is -0% on July 24” (WeatherSpark,
2022). However, Oakland is subject to dangerously strong
winds resulting in power outages and widespread
cancellations across all industries.
Just as recently as last week, 30,000 customers in the Bay
Area experienced power outages because strong winds
(some as strong as 100 mph) pushed trees and other debris
into powerlines (Asimov, 2022). Moreover, the weather
challenge I have chosen to plan for is dangerously strong
winds accompanied by heavy rain.
Is thisa controlled risk or respond
hazard?
This weather challenge is a respond hazard because it is
caused by natural disaster and is not within the control of
the planner therefore, it can’t be
completely avoided.
A
L
What couldbe the degree of
harm thatcould happenas a
result of this risk/hazard?
Strong winds, otherwise known as “damaging winds”, are
often called “straight-line” winds to differentiate the
damage they cause from tornado damage. According to an
article on KTVU strong windstorms in Oakland have,
“toppled trees, knocked down power lines, and left streets
and sidewalks full of debris” (Harrington, 2022). Artistic
Uprising is set to occur outside along various blocks of
Downtown Oakland. Whitewashed canvases will be

2. A
R
P
displayed for artists to create their own murals to decorate
the downtown district for the entire year. Therefore, the
risk/hazards accompanying dangerously strong winds
accompanied by heavy rain would deem this event
impossible. Strong winds and rainstorms could make the
streets unsafe to walk, ruin artwork, and harm guest.
Potentially, serious injuries, permanent structure damage,
and ultimate event delays or postponement.
Thoroughly explain processes
thatwould need to be
implementedto reduce,
eliminate, and respondto the
risk/hazard. Isit realistic to
completely eliminate the risk?
This risk is not completely realistic to eliminate because
inclement weather scenarios are impossible to predict with
certainty. However, plans can be put into place to make
sure everyone at the event is safe in the sudden case of
inclement weather. Firstly, and arguably most importantly,
is communication. Utilizing mobile technology to
communicate with attendees and safe can be beneficial
when trying to communicate urgent messages. After some
research I discovered SimpleTexting, an integrated texting
tool for business. According to the SimpleTexting’s website,
“Life is Beautiful, a 3-day music festival hosted in Downtown
Las Vegas, switched to a texting solution with SimpleTexting
and their message delivery rate increased from 21% to
98%” (SimplyTexting, 2021). People are constantly receiving
promotional messages on social media and often disregard
messages with a company name attached received on social
media. On the other hand, people are more likely to read a
text from a business they agreed to receive text from about
the event they are attending. SimplyTexting allows event
organizers to notify and direct attendees in case of
emergency.
Secondly, an alternate indoor venue could be reserved in
case of inclement weather. The alternate indoor venue
allows the event to occur even if weather forecast indicate
high chances of inclement weather and there is enough
time to inform attendees. Additionally, if the alternate
venue is close to the original location of the event it can act
as a shelter for guest in cases of sudden severe weather.
Lastly, event cancellation insurance protects event
organizer’s revenue or expenses against cancellation,
abandonment, curtailment, or postponement, due to
circumstances beyond your control, according to the
Spectrum Weather Specialty insurance’s website (Spectrum
Weather Insurance, 2021). In this case, if unforeseen
dangerously strong winds accompanied by heavy rain were

3. to make the festival unsafe then it would need to be
cancelled and insurance would aid in the recovery process.
What couldbe cost
considerations with
reducing/eliminating the
risk/hazard?
Actual costs should notbe
included. Thisis a listing of
considerationsthatwould
need to bepriced out.
Purchasing the software required to communicate with
attendees, employees, and volunteers of the event needs to
be considered. Not only is the systema a great marketing
tool to connect with customers before, during, and after
the event but, it could be the difference between life and
death in a crisis scenario.
Reserving an alternate indoor venue is a large financial
consideration because it is a sizeable investment and in the
best-case scenario, the alternate venue is not even used.
Nevertheless, if the worst-case scenario were to occur, the
alternate indoor venue could shelter attendees.
Regarding the worst-case scenario, event insurance can
protect event organizers from risk and liability. Acquiring a
lawyer and drafting legal documents costs money but, it is a
necessary cost to organize safe and legal festivals.
Who wouldyouplan to consult
with to implement a mitigation
andresponse plan?
I would plan to consult with fire marshals, police, city
officials, and lawyers to implement a mitigation and
response plan. Generally, a CAD (Computer-aided drawing)
of the event is composed showing the placement of all the
equipment and tables, the width of the aisles, and the
location of exit doors, among other things. Fire Marshals
have very strict guidelines and reserve the right to deem
your event “unsafe” and prevent permit approvals. The
Communities of Oakland Respond to Emergencies (CORE
Program) is the free emergency preparedness and response
training program of the Oakland Fire Department (City Of
Oakland, 2022). Attending this course with other event
organizers could improve our knowledge of Oakland’s
specific emergency response plans and how to implement
them at our festival.
“Special Events” require permits through the city of
Oakland when organizing an event in a public space.
According to the City of Oakland Municipal Code subsection
9.25.020, “It is unlawful for any person, entity, business, or
group (including community, social, fraternal, religious, and
charitable groups), to conduct a special event unless there
exists a valid permit therefor, granted and existing in
compliance with the requirements set forth herein. The
investigating official referred to in this chapter, to whom
the application is referred, shall be the Chief of Police” (City
Of Oakland, 2021). Therefore, consulting the chief of police

4. and city officials could aid in my efforts to meet permit and
code requirements.
Is the risk/hazardworththe
inclusionof a specific activity
or to hostthe event as a
whole, why or why not?
Due to the nature of this event, an outdoor festival with live
art installments, and the low probability of inclement
weather in Oakland, hosting the event is worth the risk. The
whole idea of the event revolves around the idea of it being
outdoors and allowing artists/attendees paint on canvases
around downtown Oakland intended to last the whole year.
Without those key factors this would be an entirely
different event. The proper steps can be taken to mitigate
and reduce the risks of the risk? Hazards previously
discussed. For those reasons, I believe this event is worth
the risk/hazard to host the event.
Issue #2 Participant Injury:
What injury challenge haveyou
selected toplan for?
The injury challenge I have selected to plan for is a neck
injury caused by head-banging in the mosh-pit to hard at
the underground punk rock performance.
Is thisa controlled risk or respond
hazard?
This challenge is a controlled risk because the reasonable
assumption at a punk rock show is that someone is going to
get hurt and there are measures event planners can take to
prevent injuries like this from occurring.
A
L
A
R
P
What couldbe the degree of
harm thatcould happenas a
result of this risk/hazard?
The induvial who suffered the neck injury could suffer
paralysis or even death. The affected individual or their
families “typically sue the venue, the promoter, the artist,
the security company, or anyone who might be deemed
legally responsible”, live-music insurance vets tell Pitchfork
(Hogan, 2017). Additionally, the societal risk provides a
perspective of the risk affecting a group of people in the
surrounding community from a potentially
catastrophic event. The individual’s risk and the societal risk
go hand in hand. They both are necessary in assessing the
benefits of risk reduction and mitigation plans.
Thoroughly explain processes
thatwould need to be
implementedto reduce,
eliminate, and respondto the
risk/hazard. Isit realistic to
completely eliminate the risk?
Mosh-pits occur in an environment where violence and
aggression are tolerated and celebrated. To mitigate risks
associated with mosh-pits, one must control the
environment. As the event planner we have the power to
post signage discouraging crowd aggression, encourage
artists to calm the crowd, and hire security/medical staff.

5. Implementing these processes could reduce the risk of
participant injury in a mosh pit.
Informing patrons that crowd surfing and moshing is
dangerous and will not be tolerated through posted signage
can discourage mosh pits. Similarly, signs can be used to
direct patrons to exits, designated smoking areas, and
specific event activities. Thus, signage is a simple step to
create a safe and “anti-mosh” environment for the event.
A simple conversation encouraging the performing artists to
tell the crowd to stay calm is a great way to connect with
the audience on the important topic. The audiences is at
the show, most likely, to see that artist and there
endorsement of your cause is impactful. According to an
article in the Fort Worth Star-Telegram, “during a festival
performance, Foo Fighters front-man Dave Grohl was
shown telling the crowd to look out for one another”
(Stunson, 2021). If Dave Grohl says, “don’t mosh”, you don’t
mosh.
Lastly, if the injury can’t be prevented through crowd
control processes and an accident does occur. Medical and
security staff need to be on site and professionally trained.
In this case, having an ambulance and EMT on site may be
the best course of action due to the associated risks of large
crowds and underground punk rock music.
What couldbe costs
associatedwith
reducing/eliminating the
risk/hazard?
Actual costsarenotnecessary
thisis a listing of
considerationsthatwould
need to bepriced out.
The cost associated with talking to the artist are not
financial but could have career ramifications. If the artist
reacted poorly to your request they could never return to
your festival and tell others in the industry about their
experience (the artist would be in the wrong in this
scenario, i.e. Travis Scott).
On the other hand, procuring an ambulance and EMT to be
on-site for the entirety of the festival would be quite the
expense. According to an article on KHOU 11, “70 staff
members who were at Astroworld trying to save lives” at
the Astroworld Festival and to still no avail. So, considering
that accidents do happen, and ambulances can typically
arrive on scene in downtown relatively quickly, an on-site
ambulance is not a necessity.

6. Last, but certainly not least, is the signage. This cost-
effective method only requires Microsoft word, a printer,
and some tape. According to an article on Eventbrite,
“Repeated signage is effective signage. Make sure signage
appears where your customers — particularly vulnerable
ones — are likely to see it” (Zaldua, 2021). Such as, outside
bathrooms, entrances and exits, at the bar and coat check,
and in front of the stage. The important thing is that the
message is clear, and the sign is visible. The cost is worth
the effect.
Who wouldyouplan to consult
with to implement a mitigation
andresponse plan?
Again, I would consult the Fire Marshal because the
development of public safety and incident action plans are
essential to the safety of the event. In an article on the CBS
Los Angeles website Deputy Fire Marshal for Riverside
County, Kenneth King, said, “Part of the public safety plan
involves an analysis of the event and venue. That’s where
we look at the event details to determine what the staffing
levels should be and what we’re going to have on site for
fire department, emergency medical and other resources”
(Staff, 2021). The Fire Marshal’s knowledge can aid in the
planning process for identifying and implementing actions
to reduce or eliminate business losses, loss of life, property,
and functions, due to any type of hazards. Therefore,
essential to the mitigation and response planning process.
As previously mentioned, I would consult the performing
artists and ask them to encourage audiences to remain calm
and just enjoy the show. Ultimately, this is an effort to
reach the audience through a beacon they can understand
and respect. Hopefully, there endorsement will mitigate
some of the hazards associated with rowdy crowds and the
festival is free of harmful mosh-pits.
Is the risk/hazardworththe
inclusionof a specific activity
or to hostthe event as a
whole, why or why not?
In my opinion, the inclusion of an underground punk rock
show does not warrant the risk involved to the event as a
whole. The event could function without the addition of the
punk rock show which creates complicated safety concerns.
Also, underground punk rock isn’t a widely popular form of
music and may deter certain audiences who otherwise like
art. In conclusion, I believe the underground punk rock
show distracts from the main purpose of the event and
creates legitimate safety concerns.
Part 2:

7. Refer to the instructions for the requirements of this section.
Research: Properly cited& referenced research to supportyourplansis necessary. A minimumof
three (3) reference perevent is required.
Event #1: <Insert the name of the event>
Describe the eventto include
answers to the questionsbelow.
What is the event?
Where does it take place?
When doesit takeplace?
Who is the target audience?
How many people attend?
What went wrong?
Bloc Festival was an electronic music event hosted in
London, back in 2012. The festival was to feature headlining
performances from Snoop Dogg, DOOM, and Flying Lotus
but, the festival was shut down early on day-one and
outright cancelled on day-two. An article in the Evening
Standard describes the target audience and what they
experienced at the festival, “Bewildered ravers were
penned in by metal barriers and shepherded out by police”
(Paine, 2012). Perhaps, the police had to get involved
because over 15,786 tickets were sold, and the venue was
expected to hold 30,000 people but a tent had to replace
the half-built second stage to create more space (Hancox,
2017). Over 15,000 people had to be evacuated from the
festival site due to overcrowding, poor stage layout, and
poor infrastructure planning.
What is/are the challenge(s) that
youlearned about?
The main challenge that leads to most of the other
challenges was overcrowding. According to an article on
The Guardian, “hundreds of people were penned in, waiting
for hours with no movement, and no security on hand to
herd them through or control the situation” (Hancox, 2012).
The addition of the tent was obviously not enough space to
accommodate for the exorbitant number of tickets sold in
comparison to the capacity of the venue. There seemed to
be at least twice as many festivalgoers as either the site or
security could cope with (Hancox, 2012). Also they chose a
venue that was still under construction, the site had known
general infrastructure and construction delay issues”
(Wagner, 2013). The layout of the stages and infrastructure
issues were in large part due to the festival organizers not
properly vetting the venue.
Another challenge faced by festival organizers was the
electronic ticketing hitch, allowing single tickets to be
printed of multiple times (Awbi, 2012). Of course, this could
just be speculation because according to the Festivals for All
website, tickets with the CrowdSurge system recognizes
duplicates or copies would not be recognized by the
scanners on site and the person producing the falsified-
ticket & barcode would not have been given entry to the
site through the scanner access points (Festivals For All,

8. 2012). Thus, illustrating the unreliability of the conspiracy
theories related to the ticketing at Bloc Festival.
What seemed to be the plan, if
any, that was in place to
mitigate or respond to the
issue?
Bloc Festival (Baselogic Productions Ltd) released a
statement to create some clarity for the disappointed and
frustrated fans after the festival. In their statement they
deflect blame to the ticketing software (CrowdSurge) and
the venue (London Pleasure Gardens). In an article on
Complete Music Update, Baselogic states they did not
oversell the event “as already confirmed in a statement by
Crowdsurge, who retailed tickets for the event, our total
sales for Friday 6th July were 15,786” As the festival
organizers will admit, because the security check points and
ticketing lines were poorly laid out, after 11pm festivalgoers
were let in without having to show their tickets.
London Pleasure Gardens was under construction but, was
expected to be completed in time for the festival. Two large
portions of the event space were inaccessible because of
this construction but, festival organizers were not warned
until two weeks before the festival began.
The festival did issue refunds to festivalgoers but, months
later and without a reschedule date (CMU, 2013). Thus,
their mitigation and responses to the issues they faced
were not great.
Hindsight is 20/20, what
processes would you suggest
putting in place to mitigate and
respond to the same challenges
that this event experienced?
In my opinion, the problems the organizers faced could
have been solved by communicating with the venue more
openly, ensuring the security of their tickets, and organizing
the layout of the venue more synergistically.
The festival organizers should have ensured the original
venue is going to meet all the requirements of the event
before they book it (in other words, a venue that is not
under construction or incomplete). The inner workings of
the relationship between Baselogic and London Pleasure
Gardens are not publicly known, and it is hard to tell who is
telling the truth about the capacity situation but,
nonetheless, if both parties had communicated better this
catastrophe never would have happened.
Perhaps, Baselogic should have chosen a more reputable
third-party ticketing software because CrowdSurge is now a
defunct business. It is not hard to believe that CrowdSurge’s
technology was comprisable and there were better options
on the market. This was the festival orginizers first time

9. attempting to organize a festival, so they did not have
previous festival ticketing experience. Ticketing on such a
large scale meant larger problems to handle and their lack
of experience showed.
Who would you plan to consult
with to implement a mitigation
and response plan for of the
scenarios and why?
Regarding the layout of the venue, the festival organizers
should have consulted more professionals with different
sets of expertise. For example, consulting the fire marshal
to make sure the capacity limits are not exceeded. Or,
consulting a professional security company with experience
in other festivals and suggestions on the safest layout for
the venue.
Equally as important, the proper number of security
personnel should have been hired to maintain crowd
control and ease the ticketing process. Security consultants
act as the direct liaison between the producers or
organizers and the security vendors and emergency/law
enforcement retained by the event to ensure the best
possible outcome for everyone involved, especially the
guests.
Dependent on the risk/hazard
that you identified, do you think
the risk is worth the inclusion in
the event? Why or why not? Do
you think the issue could have
been avoided?
I believe the ticketing issues, poor venue layout, and
understaffing problems could have been resolved before
the event occurred. The event organizers lack of experience
is to blame for most of the mistakes they faced.
Event #2: <Insert the name of the event>
Describe the eventto include
answers to the questionsbelow.
What is the event?
Where does it take place?
When doesit takeplace?
Who is the target audience?
How many people attend?
What went wrong?
Time Warp Argentina took place in Costa Salguero, in 2016
but, the Time Warp company is based in Germany (Barron,
2016). The electronic dance music festival was
characterized by overcrowding and controlled substance
consumption. There were more than 20,500 attendees in a
venue planned to hold only 13,000 people and during the
first night, 5 young people died from taking designer drugs
(Nacion, 2016).
What is/are the challenge(s) that
youlearned about?
Federal Prosecutor Federico Delgado holds the opinion:
"Beyond the musical event or because of it, a whole device
for the sale of drugs was set up that took on a dramatic
turn” (Nacion, 2016). He insinuates that festival organizers
had alternative motives and intended to sell drugs to

10. patrons at a large scale resulting in the death of five young
people. Furthermore, investigations revealed that the
venue was not adequately equipped to host over 20,000
people and characterized the security staff as vulnerable
and helpless in the face of such large crowds (BBC News,
2016).
Additionally, the infrastructure of the facility was not suited
to the large crowd. Federal prosecutor Federico Delgado, in
an article in La Nacion, “Collapsed bathrooms, no
ventilation, environment without windows and without
fans, extremely high temperatures” are some of the
conditions that attendees encountered.
What seemed to be the plan, if
any, that was in place to
mitigate or respond to the
issue?
Considering that almost everyone involved with organizing
the festival was federally or internationally indited on
charges including “facilitating a place for the sale of narcotic
drugs aggravated, in ideal competition with the crime of
manslaughter and serious wrongful injury” (Nicola, 2020). I
would say that the pre-planning if any, regarding safety,
occurred it was done neither thoroughly nor with attendees
in mind. In response to the issues most of the event
organizers fled the country to avoid criminal prosecution for
international drug crimes and homicide.
Hindsight is 20/20, what
processes would you suggest
putting in place to mitigate and
respond to the same challenges
that this event experienced?
Five months after the tragic Time Warp electronic party, the
Buenos Aires Legislature passed a law with new
requirements for this type of massive event (Uranga, 2016).
A new list of obligations for organizers has been compiled
including submissions of preliminary plans for deployment
of security and healthcare, approvals from fire and police
chiefs, and an electronic count of attendees in real time
must be accessible to those responsible for control (Uranga,
2016).
In hindsight, I would not have hired international drug
criminals with histories of corruption organize my music
festival in a foreign country with little to no supervision.
Who would you plan to consult
with to implement a mitigation
and response plan for of the
scenarios and why?
Much like the Argentinian law previously mentioned I
would, meet with officials in the fire and police department
and make sure the event is safe for all attendees.
Additionally, I would meet with pharmacologist and other
drug scientist to set up drug testing booths at the festival.
People are going to take drugs at electronic dance music
concerts, so it is best to offer them the resources to make
sure their drugs aren’t laced. According to an article on the

11. Guardian, “drug-related hospital admissions down were
95% after onsite testing at festival in Cambridgeshire”
(Doward, 2018). Moreover, on-site drug testing tents could
reduce the number of overdoses and fatalities at the
festival.
Dependent on the risk/hazard
that you identified, do you think
the risk is worth the inclusion in
the event? Why or why not? Do
you think the issue could have
been avoided?
Dependent on the risk/hazards associated with the Time
Warp Argentina festival I think the risk is not worth the
event in its entirety. The casualties alone are a sign that the
event should have never taken place but, all that has come
out about the corruption, cartel involvement, and
downright negligence involved when planning the event
indicates that the problems could not have been avoided
and the festival was doomed pretty much from the start.
References:
Asimov, N. (2022, January 23). Thousands of Bay Area customers lose power as high winds
approach 100 mph. San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved January 30, 2022, from
https://www.sfchronicle.com/bayarea/article/Thousands-of-Bay-Area-customers-lose-
power-as-16796364.php
Awbi, A. (2012). What happened to bloc 2012? PRS for Music: royalties, music copyright and
licensing. Retrieved January 31, 2022, from https://www.prsformusic.com/m-
magazine/news/what-happened-to-bloc-2012/
Barron, M. S. (2016). Four arrested in connection with deaths at Time Warp Argentina. VICE.
Retrieved January 31, 2022, from https://www.vice.com/en/article/nzm3n7/arrests-time-
warp-argentina
BBC News. (2016, April 16). Five die at Argentina Time Warp Electronic Music Festival. BBC
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36063635
City Of Oakland. (2021, July 26). OAKLAND MUNICIPAL CODE Codified through Ordinance
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OWE_CH9.52SPEVPE
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https://completemusicupdate.com/article/bloc-festival-organisers-issue-statement/

12. Doward, J. (2018, December 8). Testing drugs at festivals is 'a lifesaver', study finds. The
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damage-in-bay-area
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pays-up/
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warp. LA NACION. Retrieved January 31, 2022, from
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time-nid2340331/
Paine, A. (2012, July 13). 'Worst Festival Ever': Two-day bloc 2012 is shut down as
overcrowding. London Evening Standard | Evening Standard. Retrieved January 31, 2022,
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13. Staff, C. B. S. L. A. (2021, November 8). Safety and security planning for large-scale music
festivals in Southern California. CBS Los Angeles. Retrieved January 31, 2022, from
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music-festivals-in-southern-california/
Stunson, M. (2021, November 8). After astroworld deaths, old videos ... - star-telegram.com.
After Astroworld deaths, old videos show artists pause concerts for crowd emergencies
Read more at: https://www.star-telegram.com/news/nation-
world/national/article255638301.html#storylink=cpy. Retrieved January 31, 2022, from
https://www.star-telegram.com/news/nation-world/national/article255638301.html
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