This document discusses emotion norms across gender, transgender, and sexuality topics. It includes links to videos about emotion norms and discusses how emotions are socialized and constructed differently for men and women. Gender is discussed as a social construct rather than a biological determinant. The intensity of cultural emotions is also discussed in the context of situations like American Indian enculturation and African slavery.

1. Emotion Norms:
Gendered/Transgendered and Sexuality
Theodoric Manley, Jr. Phd
All the girls love Alice—Elton John (1973)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-eyjBBcUO9k
The Emotion Norm intensity chart: Accommodate
I am and completely in control of my emotions: This is baseline
I can easily shake it off and forget it.
The emotion is mild but is hard to shake it off.
The emotion will not go away, but I can tolerate it.
Its hard for me to think about anything other than my unpleasant
emotion.
I am so upset that it is difficult to focus on work, family,
friends, school, spouse, partner, children.
My emotion is making it hard to interact with others, I may say
something I’ll regret.
The emotion is very intense, and it is hard for me to make good
decisions. I cannot think clearly.
My emotion is severe and disabling. I am unable to participate
in activities.

2. Bodily—Physiological Changes
Early Stages of Emotion Norms
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=apzXGEbZht0
Good, bad, ugly
Restoration, repair, reject
What if you’re in the ugly-reject?
What do emotions norms look like?
Exercise
Direct and Indirect Socialization
Temporal/Historical
Cross-cultural Variations
Surface acting
Deep acting/Cognitive
Emotional Deviance
Type of feeling
Intensity (too much too little)
Duration
Timing
Placing (right time/correct emotion)
Indian Survival and
African Slavery/Enslavement
Accommodationist Period

3. American Indian Cultural Emotions: Enculturation
Enculturation
The social bonding is very strong. There is a sense of
responsibility for the wellbeing of the members of your group
than yourself. The individual self comes much later than the
group members. Where social expectations mold our desires,
where social obligations are the root of our existence. The
emphasis is on others’ well being rather than on personal
wellbeing. There is a feeling of sharing, bonding and reciprocity
which is unique. A deep sense of humanity which prevails
which fosters mutual growth. Unlike in Western cultures,
emphasis is on “we” than “me”. This humane perspective makes
our lives more meaningful, and hence more morally responsible.
This in turn influences our moral emotions. These strong bonds
of relationships provide a sense of security and safety which
makes possible to overcome any obstacle in life with ease.
Moreover, these personal groups also become a source of
inspiration, celebration, as well as mourning. “Understanding
Emotions from an Indian perspective: implications for
Wellbeing.” 2010 Dr Meetu Khosla
The Return of the Native: Cornell (1988)
An incisive look at American Indian and Euro-American
relations from the seventeenth century to the present. A deep
look at how such relations--and Indian responses to them--have
shaped contemporary Indian emotions and political fortunes. In
the early days of colonization, Indians were able to maintain

4. their nationhood by playing off the competing European powers;
and how the American Revolution and westward expansion
eventually caused Native Americans to lose their land, social
cohesion, and economic independence. The final part of the
book recounts the slow, steady reemergence of American Indian
emotional and political power and identity, evidenced by
emotional militant political activism in the 1960s and early
1970s. By paying particular attention to the evolution of Indian
groups as collective actors and to changes over time in Indian
political opportunities and their capacities to act on those
opportunities, Cornell traces the Indian path from power to
powerlessness and back to power again.
Puttin’ on Ole Massa (Kirkus Review, 1969)
Through the narratives runs a shrouded rage at the humiliation
as well as physical suffering forced upon the beleaguered ego.
Some ancient myths are squelched in passing. There is an
abhorrence of ""white"" religion (""religious teaching consists
in teaching the slave. . . that God made him for a slave""); of
the ""kindly"" master who ever so kindly perpetuates the
degradation of slavery; of American ideology. Freedom is also
an identity: ""I was not only hunting for my liberty, but also
hunting for a name."" The adventures of the three are shocking
but these are pleas less for pity than for justice.
Mastering Emotions: The
Emotional Politics of Slavery, Erin Dwyer, 2012
“Some enslaved people were less willing to mask their feelings
for slaveholders’ benefit. Showing once again that slaves were
constantly reading slaveholders’ emotions, Solomon Northup
observed that one day his master seemed “even more morose
and disagreeable than usual,” a sure sign that Northup needed to
be wary. But Northup was only willing to alter his behavior so

5. much. Northup declared that the man was his owner, and
therefore “entitled by law to my flesh and blood.” However,
Northup emphasized that though his body legally belonged to
the slaveholder “there was no law that could prevent me from
looking upon him with intense contempt,” and so he refused to
conceal how much he loathed the man. Northup would concede
his labor, but he saw his emotions as his own, and he would not
temper the anger he felt for the slaveholder. Openly gazing
upon him “with intense contempt” was a way for Northup to
show that his emotions could not be purchased.”
Intensity of Emotions norms
“A long time ago this land belonged to our fathers, but when I
go up to the river, I see camps of soldiers on its banks. These
soldiers cut down my timber, they kill my buffalo and when I
see that, my heart feels like bursting.” – Satanta, Kiowa Chief
“Tricksters achieve their objectives through indirection and
mask-wearing, through playing upon the gullibility of their
opponents. In other words, tricksters succeed by outsmarting or
outthinking their opponents. In executing their actions, they
give no thought to right or wrong; indeed, they are amoral.
Mostly, they are pictured in contest or quest situations, and they
must use their wits to get out of trouble or bring about a
particular result.” (Trudier Harris, 2010)
DoingGender
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bo7o2LYATDc

6. 20
Value System
Culture
Religion

7. Tradition
Norms, Rules
Social Construction of Gender
Reproduce
Beliefs
Customs
E
X
p
E
C
T
A
T
I
O
N
Produce
Appropriate behavior of men & women
≈
21
Social Construction of Gender
Internalize
Socialize
Deeply rooted
Society
Do/Don’t
Male/Female
differently

8. Where did we learn?
From who?
How?
Social institution:
school, home, temple/church
Parent, teacher, religious
leaders, relative/elder,
friends, sibling
Generation
By
generation
22
Social Construction of Gender
Sex
Gender
Biological differences
Physiological characteristic
Socially constructed roles, behaviours, activities, and attributes
that a given society considers appropriate for men and women
NATURE
Social Construction “GENDER”
Queer Theory Being Gendered: Male and Female Socially
Constructed Roles
The Burning Bed, 1984
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hc45-ptHMxo
https://youtu.be/FCpv0P9aLkI
As you view this video, please be conscious of any
physiological changes, expressive gestures, emotion labels, and
situation cues you experience.

9. Lorena Bobbitt
https://www.usmagazine.com/celebrity-news/news/lorena-
bobbitt-woman-who-cut-off-husbands-penis-in-1993-speaks-
out-2015911/
Doing Gender
A Girl Like Me: The Gwen Araujo Story
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hYm0RSEkPoU
As you view this video, please be conscious of any
physiological changes, expressive gestures, emotion labels, and
situation cues you experience.

10. Gwen Araujo
Gwen Amber Rose Araujo was an American teenager who was
murdered in Newark, California. She was killed by four men,
two of whom she had been sexually intimate with, who beat and
strangled her after discovering that she was transgender.
Wikipedia
Born: February 24, 1985, Newark, CA
Died: October 3, 2002, Newark, CA
Perpetrators: Jason Cazares; Michael Magidson; José Merél;
Jaron Nabors
Date: October 4, 2002 (Pacific)
Buried: Hollywood Forever Cemetery, Los Angeles, CA
Parents: Eddie Araujo Sr., Sylvia Guerrero
Sexuality as Cultural Emotions!
Meg Ryans Fake Orgasm
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b0OeM6UUAoI
As you view this video, please be conscious of any
physiological changes, expressive gestures, emotion labels, and
situation cues you experience.
Let’s talk about sex: Sex and the City

11. Empowering
Empowering and radical because it lifts repression and
challenges taboos
Talking
Talking about intimate sexual matters challenges patriarchal
power relations, upsets established law and anticipates coming
freedom
Talking heterosexual sex in Sex and the City
‘Clam mouth’
‘Déjá-fuck’
‘Goldicocks’
‘The cunt’
‘You’re dick is soo.. hard!!’

12. ‘Don’t stop!!’
‘You feel good inside of me!!’
‘Baby your either a virgin or Flo just came to town’
Talking about homosexual sex
Deeper!
Right there!
Suck it!
Lick it harder!
Types/Forms of Power in sex, sexuality and gender in the city
Base
Base: ability to have control over the production and
reproduction of sex, sexuality and gender. (Federal, State and
Local city governments, media institutions and agencies—Texas

13. Law)
Scope
Scope: ability to sanction, stigmatize and stereotype various
forms of sex, sexuality and gender
Manipulate
Manipulate: ability to modify, change, and transform sex,
sexuality and gender in the city
Influence
Influence: ability to persuade preference and interest in various
forms of sex, sexuality and gender in the city
Second versus Third Wave Feminist
2nd wave: Sexual Freedom and Sexual agency essential to
women’s political liberation
2nd wave: Sexuality is primarily a site of oppression and danger
for women—rejected to some extent by 3rd wave

14. 3rd wave independence in pursuing their own interest in sexual
pleasures
3rd wave: Female orgasm becomes central not secondary to sex
where male gratification is typically first.
Pomosexual/Pansexual
Sexual expression and avoidance of sexual labels
Neither male or female sexuality exist but sleeping with
individuals whether gay or straight and both.
Gender experimentation more taboo than sexual experimentation
Do it Yourself Citizenship
The liberated sexual self as a self-styled individual consumer
Identity based and open to lesbians, queer, transsexual, bi -
sexual, gay, interracial , interethnic, and interclass (poor to
rich)

15. “I don’t see color, I see conquest” right to consume cross-
culturally enhances one’s own signification
Emotion Norms
Why do we control our cultural emotions in certain social
situations?
In those situations, do our cultural emotions build up?
Do our cultural emotions change, become more intense?
Do our cultural emotions evolve into something else?
What is the something else?
Prior to beginning work on this discussion forum, read Chapter
9 in the textbook, Non-Profits: The Time To Get Started With
Social Media Was Yesterday (Links to an external site.), Public
Relations for Nonprofits: Everything You Need to Know (Links
to an external site.), review the ACLU Press Releases (Links to
an external site.), and American Red Cross All Press
Releases (Links to an external site.) page.
Select a nonprofit organization (e.g., American Red Cross,
ACLU, Metropolitan Museum of Art, or PBS) and assess the
role of public relations in that nonprofit organization. Compare
and contrast at least two characteristics between the nonprofit
organization you selected and a for-profit organization in the
same sector or business. What kind of public relations messages
is the nonprofit organization writing compared to the for-profit
organization when they communicate with stakeholders?
1. Assess the role of public relations in your selected non-profit
organization.
2. Compare and contrast at least two characteristics between a
for-profit organization and a non-profit organization.
3. What kind of public relations messages is the nonprofit

16. organization writing compared to the for-profit organization
when they communicate with stakeholders?