Presentations is about violence against elderly

1. ELDER VIOLENCE
PRESENTED BY- SUMAN SHEKHAR DAS
MPH 3rd SEM (Injury & Violence)
IPHK

2. Introduction:-
• India is gradually undergoing a demographic change. With decline in
fertility and mortality rates accompanied by an improvement in child
survival and increased life expectancy, a significant feature of
demographic change is the progressive increase in the number of
elderly persons
• Elderly are the most ignored and neglected segment
• TYPES OF SENIOR CITIZENS: Drastic change in 3 segment :
a) Young Old (60- 69 yrs ), b) Old Old (70 –79yrs ), c) Very Old (80+ yrs)

3. Contd..
• In India, old age was never a problem. Elder abuse was considered as
a ‘western’ problem and old age home was an alien concept.
• Earlier, the elderly persons of a family were respected a lot and they
continued to live with respect till their death.
• Times have changed. The elders are treated as burden, often
neglected / ignored.

4. Fig:-Decadal growth in elderly population
wrt total population
Fig:- percentage of elderly in the total population of states/UTs

5. Scenario of Elders in India
• Due to better medical facility, good lifestyle longevity increase
• In 2008 India population of Elderly was around 8% of total population 86 Million
• In 2014 Elder Population approx 104 million, 174 million projected in by 2026, 356 Million in
2050
• Average age in 1951 – 42 yrs, Average age in 2008 - 68.6 yrs. It will be75 years in 2045-2050.
• According to UN India will be soon Ageing nation, India has 2nd largest number of Senior
Citizens
• Around 70% Elderly are in Rural area, Many Elderly are illiterate and rely mostly on Family
members
• 90% of Indians Retires without Pension
• Increase of 80 + very old population
• Increase in Incidence of Dementia & Alzheimer’s: 3%

6. The Old age dependency ratio shows an increasing trend and the ratio has risen from 10.9% in 1961 to 14.2%
in 2011.The gap between female and male old-age dependency ratio also has an increasing trend and the two
assumed the values 14.9 and 13.6 respectively in 2011.Between rural and urban ratios there has been
considerable difference in all the periods and this may be due to relatively higher concentration of working
age population in urban areas. According to 2011 census the old-age dependency ratios are 15.1 and 12.4 for
rural andurban areas respectively.

7. INDIA PYRAMID 2000 INDIA PYRAMID 2050

8. WHAT IS ELDER ABUSE
• Elder Abuse is infliction of Physical, emotional or psychological harm on an
Elderly. Elder Abuse also can take the form of Financial exploitation or
intentional or unintentional neglect of an Elderly by the care givers or third
party.
• World Elder Abuse Awareness Day- 15th June
Types of Elder Abuse:-
• Physical
• Sexual
• Emotional or Psychological
• Financial and Exploitation
• Neglect
• Abandonment

9. Elder Abuse is less or Reported less? What’s the
issue?
• Elder abuse as a social problem remains hidden.
• Least researched topic with very little intervention.
• According to pan-Indian surveys, 40% of elderly subject to some form of
abuse
• Elderly are equally responsible
• We consider it as “Family Matter”
• Few Intervention by Government and Society
• More abuse done by Family and Relative 55%
• More Abuse incase of Dementia/Alzheimer's
• Hardly any report on Elder abuse in Old Age Homes and Institutions

10. Risk Factors for Being Abuses
 Poor health
• Inability to perform activities of daily living
• Cognitive impairment
• Living with others(living alone increases risk for financial and self-
abuse)
• Social isolation Depression, confusion, substance abuse or
dependence
• Mental or physical impairment (stroke, incontinence, Alzheimer’s)
• Over age 85
All these factors make elders more vulnerable to abuse/ violence.

11. Risk Factors for Perpetrating Abuse
• History of family violence
• Disruptive behavior on behalf of the care recipient
• Mental illness
• Alcohol or drug abuse or dependence
• Caregiver dependence
• Stress
• Physical or emotional exhaustion
• Low social integration and/or unemployment
• Lack of community supports
• Insufficient income for basic needs

12. Magnitude of Elder Abuse
• Elder Abuse: According to a rough estimate, nearly 40 % of older
people living with their families are reportedly facing abuse of one
kind or another
• Only 1 in 6 cases actually comes to light .
• Most elders are ill-treated by their own children, who have emerged
as the largest group of perpetrators at 47.3 %.
• Neglect is the most common form of abuse at 48.7 % followed by
emotional/psychological, financial exploitation, physical abuse and
abandonment respectively.
• There is growing number of insecurity, injustice and abuse of Elderly
in India

13. Type of Abuse with magnitude

14. Magnitude of perpetrators for Elder abuse
From fig: It can be concluded that known people or own blood relations do the abuse more than unknown or
strangers.

15. Let see few incident
• Madhu Mehta 80 yrs suffering from Alzheimer’s cheated by his son.
• Devkor Benjamin 70 yrs Female, son & daughter-in-law neglect &
abuse her. Police says that they will not able to help her as it is family
matter, also told her that why she is not adjusting, she has less years
to live now.
• Bhagat 76 yrs cheated in SRA (slum rehabilitation scheme) scheme by
his son. (property matter)
• Mohin Kamwani , 77 yrs, widow of Freedom Fighter sent to Jail on
Republic Day 26th Jan 2012 , because of her ‘ suicide plan’ due to NO
justice /Inaction by Police and Govt for Elder Abuse by family
members for many years

16. Theories Explaining Elder Abuse
• affects of caregiver stress (situational model)
• dependency of elder on caregiver (exchange theory)
• mental or emotional disturbance of caregiver (psychopathology)
• repeated cycle of violence (social learning theory)
• power imbalance in relationships (feminist theory)
• marginalization of the elderly within society (political economic
theory)

17. Protective Measures
• Stay sociable and active (Stay involved with neighbors, friends, or
community activities, periodic medical/health check ups, Increase
social network as you age, Have a “best friend” with whom you can
confide in, Keep in touch with old friends.
• Keeping possession organized, Don’t leave cash or valuables visible.
• Consult a professional (including medical/psych/legal/bank/elder
affairs).
• Protect yourself with a power of attorney, living will. Get legal advise
before making/signing agreements regarding your assets or
possessions.
• Know where to ask for help.

18. Policy and Programmes for the Welfare of
Elderly Persons
• Integrated Programme for Older Persons" (IPOP) since 1992, which
was revised in 2008.
• National Policy on Older Persons (NPOP)
• National Council For Older Persons (NCOP)/ National Council Of
Senior Citizens (NCSRC)
• International Day for Older Persons (IDOP) is being observed on 1st
October every year since 2005.
• The Maintenance and Welfare of Parents and Senior Citizens Act 2007

19. INTEGRATED PROGRAMME FOR OLDER PERSONS
(IPOP)
• The Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment is implementing a
Central Sector Scheme of Integrated Programme for Older Persons
(IPOP) since 1992 with the objective of improving the quality of life of
senior citizens by providing basic amenities like shelter, food, medical
care and entertainment opportunities etc. through providing support
for capacity building of Government/ NGOs/Panchayati Raj
Institutions/ local bodies etc.

20. THE NATIONAL POLICY ON OLDER PERSONS
(NPOP)
• announced in January 1999 to reaffirm the commitment of the State
to ensure the well-being of the older persons. The Policy envisages
State support to ensure financial and food security, health care,
shelter and other needs of older persons, equitable share in
development, protection against abuse and exploitation, and
availability of services to improve the quality of their lives.

21. THE MAINTENANCE AND WELFARE OF PARENTS AND
SENIORCITIZENS ACT, 2007
• enacted in December 2007, inter alia, to ensure need based maintenance
for parents and senior citizens and their welfare.
• The Act provides for:
• i. Maintenance of Parents/ senior citizens by children/ relatives made
obligatory and justiciable through Tribunals
• ii. Revocation of transfer of property by senior citizens in case of negligence
by relatives
• iii. Penal provision for abandonment of senior citizens
• iv. Establishment of Old Age Homes for Indigent Senior Citizens
• v. Protection of life and property of senior citizens
• vi. Adequate medical facilities for Senior Citizens

22. NATIONAL COUNCIL FOR OLDER PERSONS (NCOP)/
NATIONAL COUNCIL OF SENIOR CITIZENS (NCSrC)
• In pursuance of the National Policy for Older Persons (NPOP), a
National Council for Older Persons (NCOP) was constituted in 1999
under the Chairpersonship of the Minister for Social Justice and
Empowerment to oversee implementation of the Policy. The NCOP is
the highest body to advise the Government in the formulation and
implementation of policy and programmes for the aged.

23. Legislations
• Section 125 of the Cr PC:A magistrate can order the child to maintain
his old parents.
• Hindu Adoptions and Maintenance Act (HAMA) :an aged a parents
can demand maintenance from same way a wife can demand from
her husband.

24. Interventions can be done to reduce elder abuse
• Awareness campaign
• Formation of Senior Citizens Committee
in every locality
• Multi-Service Gero-Care Center
• Set Minimum Standard for Institutions
• License & Monitoring and Evaluation of
Institutions
• Legislation / ACT’s
• National Nodal Agency for Elder Abuse
• Grievances cell like Tribunals/Consumer
Court / Fast Track Court
• Report abuse
• Intergeneration programmes
• To appoint Elder Welfare Officer in each
police station
• Frequent meeting like ‘Mohalla
Committee’ , Police Public Meet
• Increase social security pension upto
Rs.3000/- p.m.
• Participation and responsibility of Civil
Society /NGO (ex:- HelpAge India)
• 4 Digit Elder Helpline
• National Alliance of NGO’s
• LOK Adalat

25. CONCLUSION
• Elder care & support is an important issue and every individual should
take this responsibility seriously. The younger generation should be
made aware of the consequence of the old age and also the role they
play in providing support and care for their older parents and
grandparents. The mind of the younger generation need to be
constructively framed care for to provide elderly welfare and
protection.
Care for those who cared for us is one of the highest honors if this can
be the mindset then we can abolish Elder abuse truly.

26. END