comparative education

1. • According to Annie Ward (1996) educational achievement is
commonly measured through examinations or continuous
assessments but there is no general agreement on how it is best
evaluated or which aspects are most important.
What is Educational Achievement?
• It is the extent to which a student, teacher or institution has achieved
their short or long-term educational goals. (Tomas, 2011)
• Educational Achievement represents performance outcomes that
indicate the extent to which a person has accomplshed specific goals
that were the focus of activities in instructional environments,
specifically in school, college, and university. (Ricarda Steinmayr,
2017)

2. How does Educational Achievement evaluated?
• Trends in International Mathematics and Science Survey (TIMSS)
• Progress in International Mathematics and Science Survey (PIRLS)
• Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA)

3. Trends in International Mathematics and Science Survey
• Beginning in 1995, it has measuring trends in Mathematics and
Science achievement at the FOURTH and EIGHT grades.
• Conducted every four years, it is intended to be responsive to the
needs of the global education community and efforts to work towards
universal for all children.
• It targets students who are engaged in advanced mathematics and
science that prepare them to enter STEM program in higher
education.
• It produced by the International Association for the Evaluation of
Educational Achievement (IEA). TIMSS 2019 is the seventh cycle of
IEA.

4. Progress in International Reading Literacy Study
• It provides internationally comparative data on how well children
read by assessing students' reading achivement.
• PIRLS measures 4th grade reading and tries to determine how policies
and practices in and out of schools relate to reading engagement and
achievement.
• It produced by the International Association for the Evaluation of
Educational Achievement (IEA). PIRLS 2016 is the fourth cycle of the
IEA.

5. Programme for International Student Assessment
• Three key learning subject areas assessed: reading literacy,
mathematics literacy and scientific literacy, with a main focus on one
of these areas in each cycle.
• PISA is a triennial international standarized education systems
worldwide by testing the skills and knowledge of 15-year-old
students.
• Over 90 countries have particpated in the assessment so far which
began in 2000.
• It is a collaborative effort among OECD member countries.
• It looks at their ability to use their knowledge and skills to meet real-
life challenges.

6. FYI:
• During 2006, the United States fails world standards of excellence and
equity. A range of international assessments reveal disturbing
weaknesses in American K-12 students' perfermance compared to
that their peers in other countries.
• Students in the United States' TIMSS 2007 performance, it ranked the
average of the 12 countries. (Ginburg, Leinwand, Anstrom & Pollock,
2007).
• In terms of PIRLS 2006, it ranked 18th out of 40 countries. (Quek et al,
2007)
• United States performance on PISA 2009, is disappointing, to say the
least, in all three subject areas.