This document discusses special paragraphs in essay writing, specifically the opening and closing paragraphs. The opening paragraph should grab the reader's attention, introduce the main idea, and signal the direction of the essay. A good opening paragraph includes a hook to engage the reader. The closing paragraph should wrap up any loose ends and not leave the reader with unanswered questions. It should conclude the subject matter without using cliches. Effective closing strategies include summarizing the main points, linking back to the introduction, and making a recommendation.

1. Special Paragraphs
Class 7

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Most Important Ps
Opening Paragraph
Closing Paragraph

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Opening Ps: Objectives
 Reader’s attention and interest
 Main idea
 Signal about the direction
 Tone of the essay
 Hook

4. A model paragraph
"Working part-time as a cashier at the Piggly Wiggly has given me
a great opportunity to observe human behavior. Sometimes I think
of the shoppers as white rats in a lab experiment, and the aisles as
a maze designed by a psychologist. Most of the rats—customers, I
mean—follow a routine pattern, strolling up and down the aisles,
checking through my chute, and then escaping through the exit
hatch. But not everyone is so dependable. In this paper I am going
to argue that there are three distinct types of abnormal customer:
the amnesiac, the super shopper, and the dawdler."
("Shopping at the Pig")
https://www.thoughtco.com/introductory-paragraph-essays-and-
reports-1691081
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Strategies
Commitment
Introduction to the topic.
Announcement of Intention
Key Facts
 Hook: a quotation etc.

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Closing Ps: Objectives
 Impression:
–no loose ends
–no unanswered questions
 Winding up a subject without
lapsing into clichés

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Strategies
 Linking words
 Summarize the Main Points
 Link the End to the Beginning
 Make a Recommendation

8. Linking words
 as can be seen
 in the final analysis
 all things considered
 as shown above
 after all
 in summary
 in conclusion
 in short
 in brief
 in essence
 to summarize
 by and large
 to sum up
 on the whole
 all in all
 Thence, Thus,
Therefore
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Home assignment
 Revise the Opening
and Closing
Paragraphs of your
paper
 Comment
 Read