This document outlines a university lecture on structural robustness of bridges and viaducts. It begins by discussing past structural failures through forensic analysis to understand causes. It then covers principles of robust design including load paths, redundancy, and survivability. Several case studies of bridge collapses are presented and factors investigated like material stresses over time, design modifications, and human errors. The goal is to distill lessons on robust concepts, failures, and managing unexpected events.
ANALISI DEL RISCHIO PER LA SICUREZZA NELLE GALLERIE STRADALI.Franco Bontempi
SOMMARIO
Il tema della sicurezza, quando si parla di gallerie stradali, assume ancora più importanza, dato che un banale incidente o un guasto di un veicolo possono degenerare in uno scenario che causa un elevato numero di vittime. Ad esempio, il 24 marzo 1999, 39 persone sono rimaste uccise quando un mezzo pesante che trasportava farina e margarina prese fuoco all’interno del Tunnel del Monte Bianco. Nella prima parte dell’articolo vengono spiegate le fasi logiche che un modello messo a disposizione dalla PIARC/OECD, il Quantitative Risk Assessment Model (QRAM) [1-2], segue nel processo di Assegnazione del Rischio, e come esso ricava i valori dei relativi indicatori. Nella seconda parte dell’articolo, invece, viene mostrata un’applicazione di tale modello su una galleria esistente che si trova nel sud Italia, accompagnata da un’analisi di sensitività sui parametri che influenzano maggiormente il livello di rischio.
RISK ANALYSIS FOR SEVERE TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS IN ROAD TUNNELSFranco Bontempi
IF CRASC’15
III THIRD CONGRESS ON FORENSIC ENGINEERING
VI CONGRESS ON COLLAPSES, RELIABILITY AND RETROFIT OF STRUCTURES
SAPIENZA UNIVERSITY OF ROME, 14-16 MAY 2015
This document discusses large structures and their design. It begins with definitions of large structures, noting that their self-weight becomes a dominant load, load distribution is non-uniform, and complexity increases due to systemic effects. Design principles for large structures are then outlined, including simplicity, optimization at micro, meso and macro levels, and employing precaution given uncertainties. Examples of challenges in large structures like scale effects, emergence of unforeseen phenomena, and complexity are provided. Approaches to analyzing large structures both deterministically and probabilistically are also presented.
This document outlines a university lecture on structural robustness of bridges and viaducts. It begins by discussing past structural failures through forensic analysis to understand causes. It then covers principles of robust design including load paths, redundancy, and survivability. Several case studies of bridge collapses are presented and factors investigated like material stresses over time, design modifications, and human errors. The goal is to distill lessons on robust concepts, failures, and managing unexpected events.
ANALISI DEL RISCHIO PER LA SICUREZZA NELLE GALLERIE STRADALI.Franco Bontempi
SOMMARIO
Il tema della sicurezza, quando si parla di gallerie stradali, assume ancora più importanza, dato che un banale incidente o un guasto di un veicolo possono degenerare in uno scenario che causa un elevato numero di vittime. Ad esempio, il 24 marzo 1999, 39 persone sono rimaste uccise quando un mezzo pesante che trasportava farina e margarina prese fuoco all’interno del Tunnel del Monte Bianco. Nella prima parte dell’articolo vengono spiegate le fasi logiche che un modello messo a disposizione dalla PIARC/OECD, il Quantitative Risk Assessment Model (QRAM) [1-2], segue nel processo di Assegnazione del Rischio, e come esso ricava i valori dei relativi indicatori. Nella seconda parte dell’articolo, invece, viene mostrata un’applicazione di tale modello su una galleria esistente che si trova nel sud Italia, accompagnata da un’analisi di sensitività sui parametri che influenzano maggiormente il livello di rischio.
RISK ANALYSIS FOR SEVERE TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS IN ROAD TUNNELSFranco Bontempi
IF CRASC’15
III THIRD CONGRESS ON FORENSIC ENGINEERING
VI CONGRESS ON COLLAPSES, RELIABILITY AND RETROFIT OF STRUCTURES
SAPIENZA UNIVERSITY OF ROME, 14-16 MAY 2015
This document discusses large structures and their design. It begins with definitions of large structures, noting that their self-weight becomes a dominant load, load distribution is non-uniform, and complexity increases due to systemic effects. Design principles for large structures are then outlined, including simplicity, optimization at micro, meso and macro levels, and employing precaution given uncertainties. Examples of challenges in large structures like scale effects, emergence of unforeseen phenomena, and complexity are provided. Approaches to analyzing large structures both deterministically and probabilistically are also presented.
This document discusses structural robustness in the context of fire safety structural design. It defines structural robustness as the ability of a structure to exhibit a gradual decrease in structural performance due to negative events without disproportionate damage. The document outlines different collapse types including domino, pancake, zipper, and mixed collapses. It presents design strategies for robustness, including continuity/redundancy and segmentation/compartmentalization. Methods to prevent disproportionate collapse are also discussed, such as alternative load paths, isolation through segmentation, and prescriptive design rules.
Appunti sulle modellazioni discrete per ponti e viadotti.
Corso di GESTIONE DI PONTI E GRANDI STRUTTURE, prof. ing. Franco Bontempi, Sapienza Universita' di Roma
PGS - lezione 03 - IMPALCATO DA PONTE E PIASTRE.pdfFranco Bontempi
Appunti su piastre per impalcati di ponti e viadotti.
Corso di GESTIONE DI PONTI E GRANDO STRUTTRE, prof. ing. Franco Bontempi, Sapienza Universita' di Roma
This document discusses structural robustness in engineering. It defines structural robustness as the capacity of a structure to maintain its load-bearing ability after damage, with gradual rather than sudden degradation. The document outlines different levels of structural assessment from the material to the whole structural system. It provides examples of structural failure cases and how robustness can be evaluated through non-linear static analysis methods like pushover analysis. The goal is to identify the most critical structural elements and how a structure may collapse under extreme scenarios.
This document discusses the structural robustness of bridges and viaducts. It covers topics such as disastrous failures of bridges in the past, structural robustness in both a narrow and general sense, the role of human error, managing unexpected events, principles of high reliability organizations, and learning from failures through forensic engineering. Specific case studies of bridge failures are presented, including the Minnesota I-35W bridge collapse in 2007 and methods for analyzing failures, including forward and back analysis. The concepts of load paths, redundancy, reliability, and maintaining integrity are examined in the context of bridge design and safety.
The document summarizes an investigation into a fire that occurred at the Windsor Hotel in Madrid, Spain. It describes the structure of the building, outlines the progression and spread of the fire, analyzes the structural behavior and performance of fire protections during the fire, and discusses the causes and factors that contributed to the fire and its impacts. The fire originated on the 21st floor and spread rapidly downwards, eventually causing the progressive collapse of the upper floors due to a lack of adequate compartmentalization and fire stopping between the building's curtain wall and structure.
System Approach to Resilience-Based Design: Political Decisions and Steps Tow...Franco Bontempi
This chapter discusses resilience-based design for urban areas and infrastructure systems. It provides context on the related concepts of robustness, resilience, and antifragility. A resilience-based design approach aims to minimize the consequences of disasters and unexpected events on communities. The chapter outlines key aspects of representing complex infrastructure and social systems, including modeling hazards over time, political decisions, and data collection. The goal is to provide a framework to help policymakers and experts design for urban resilience.
The document discusses structural design considerations for fire safety design. It describes structural engineering as involving structural analysis and design. Structural analysis involves linear calculations while design is an iterative process. Fire action presents unique challenges as its occurrence and intensity cannot be fully predicted. This leads structural fire design problems to have greater uncertainty. The document outlines approaches for determining relevant fire scenarios to consider in design through expert judgment and matrices listing load situations and structural configurations.
This document discusses structural robustness in the context of fire safety structural design. It defines structural robustness as the ability of a structure to exhibit a gradual decrease in structural performance due to negative events without disproportionate damage. The document outlines different collapse types including domino, pancake, zipper, and mixed collapses. It presents design strategies for robustness, including continuity/redundancy and segmentation/compartmentalization. Methods to prevent disproportionate collapse are also discussed, such as alternative load paths, isolation through segmentation, and prescriptive design rules.
Appunti sulle modellazioni discrete per ponti e viadotti.
Corso di GESTIONE DI PONTI E GRANDI STRUTTURE, prof. ing. Franco Bontempi, Sapienza Universita' di Roma
PGS - lezione 03 - IMPALCATO DA PONTE E PIASTRE.pdfFranco Bontempi
Appunti su piastre per impalcati di ponti e viadotti.
Corso di GESTIONE DI PONTI E GRANDO STRUTTRE, prof. ing. Franco Bontempi, Sapienza Universita' di Roma
This document discusses structural robustness in engineering. It defines structural robustness as the capacity of a structure to maintain its load-bearing ability after damage, with gradual rather than sudden degradation. The document outlines different levels of structural assessment from the material to the whole structural system. It provides examples of structural failure cases and how robustness can be evaluated through non-linear static analysis methods like pushover analysis. The goal is to identify the most critical structural elements and how a structure may collapse under extreme scenarios.
This document discusses the structural robustness of bridges and viaducts. It covers topics such as disastrous failures of bridges in the past, structural robustness in both a narrow and general sense, the role of human error, managing unexpected events, principles of high reliability organizations, and learning from failures through forensic engineering. Specific case studies of bridge failures are presented, including the Minnesota I-35W bridge collapse in 2007 and methods for analyzing failures, including forward and back analysis. The concepts of load paths, redundancy, reliability, and maintaining integrity are examined in the context of bridge design and safety.
The document summarizes an investigation into a fire that occurred at the Windsor Hotel in Madrid, Spain. It describes the structure of the building, outlines the progression and spread of the fire, analyzes the structural behavior and performance of fire protections during the fire, and discusses the causes and factors that contributed to the fire and its impacts. The fire originated on the 21st floor and spread rapidly downwards, eventually causing the progressive collapse of the upper floors due to a lack of adequate compartmentalization and fire stopping between the building's curtain wall and structure.
System Approach to Resilience-Based Design: Political Decisions and Steps Tow...Franco Bontempi
This chapter discusses resilience-based design for urban areas and infrastructure systems. It provides context on the related concepts of robustness, resilience, and antifragility. A resilience-based design approach aims to minimize the consequences of disasters and unexpected events on communities. The chapter outlines key aspects of representing complex infrastructure and social systems, including modeling hazards over time, political decisions, and data collection. The goal is to provide a framework to help policymakers and experts design for urban resilience.
The document discusses structural design considerations for fire safety design. It describes structural engineering as involving structural analysis and design. Structural analysis involves linear calculations while design is an iterative process. Fire action presents unique challenges as its occurrence and intensity cannot be fully predicted. This leads structural fire design problems to have greater uncertainty. The document outlines approaches for determining relevant fire scenarios to consider in design through expert judgment and matrices listing load situations and structural configurations.
1. Edilizia ospedaliera : l'evoluzione dell'ospedale nella riorganizzazione
sanitaria - Webinar Maggioli, 31 marzo – franco.bontempi@uniroma1.it
1. Una struttura, con le sue caratteristiche essenziali di resistenza
e rigidezza, è naturalmente qualcosa di fisso e stabile nel
tempo.
2. In questo senso, seppure rappresentante un costo limitato in
un ospedale, ne definisce il DNA, ovvero sia possibilità sia
vincoli.
3. Gli aspetti essenziali e contrastanti (conflittuali) sono:
I. COMPARTIMENTAZIONE: CHIUSURA
II. FLESSIBILITA’: APERTURA
III. INTEGRITA’: SEPARAZIONE DEI FLUSSI (percorsi, gas, liquidi,
persone …)
4. Caratteristica necessaria per sopravvivere in un
ambiente/scenario complesso è l'adattabilità: esistenza di slack
di sistema (risorse dormienti).
5. Visione profonda e lontana: PERROW, WEICK, REASON, TALEB.