This document discusses ethical research dilemmas that PhD students may face. It outlines the typical lifecycle of a PhD student, from coursework and research projects to publishing papers. It then presents ten mini case studies of common ethical issues, such as authorship disputes, flawed data, and publishing parts of a dissertation. The document concludes by recommending ethics guides from the Academy of Management and British Academy of Management for students to learn more about conducting research ethically.
Research Tools: Scientific Writing Tools for Writing Literature Review and a ...Nader Ale Ebrahim
“Research Tools” can be defined as vehicles that broadly facilitate research and related activities. Scientific tools enable researchers to collect, organize, analyze, visualize and publicized research outputs. Dr. Nader has collected over 700 tools that enable students to follow the correct path in research and to ultimately produce high-quality research outputs with more accuracy and efficiency. It is assembled as an interactive Web-based mind map, titled “Research Tools”, which is updated periodically. “Research Tools” consists of a hierarchical set of nodes. It has four main nodes: (1) Searching the literature, (2) Writing a paper, (3) Targeting suitable journals, and (4) Enhancing visibility and impact of the research. Several free tools can be found in the child nodes. In this workshop some tools as an example from the part 2 (Writing a paper) will be described. The e-skills learned from the workshop are useful across various research disciplines and research institutions.
Shelley Hurwitz MedicReS World Congress 2014MedicReS
Biostatistics and Ethics Shelley Hurwitz, PhD Brigham and Women’s Hospital Harvard Medical School Fellow, American Statistical Association Advisory Board on Ethics, International Statistical Institute
This document discusses the importance of ethics in medical research. It begins by defining ethics and research, and identifies human subjects. It then reviews some unethical medical experiments from history, like the Tuskegee Syphilis Study, that lacked informed consent and caused harm. This led to various codes of ethics like the Nuremberg Code, Declaration of Helsinki, and Belmont Report to protect subjects. The three main principles of research ethics are respect for persons, beneficence, and justice. Special protections are needed for vulnerable groups. Overall, ethics aim to balance scientific advancement with subject welfare and rights.
Research methodology ethical issues in research an assignmentMaiJoy
This document discusses six key ethical considerations in research: 1) informed consent, 2) invasion of privacy and maintaining confidentiality, 3) deception, 4) protection from harm, 5) data protection, and 6) managing conflicts of interest and affiliation. Violating any of these ethics can have negative consequences like jeopardizing future participation in research, damaging the reputation of the researcher and sponsor, and weakening public trust in the research process. Upholding strong ethical standards is important for conducting research responsibly and building trust.
Dr. Sarika Sawant presented on research ethics at a seminar. She discussed the definition of research ethics as regulating scientific activity to protect human participants and serve societal interests. She covered objectives like ensuring consent and oversight. Issues discussed included plagiarism, data handling, and research with humans and animals. National guidelines in India were also presented, as well as UNESCO's ethical guidelines focusing on informed consent, confidentiality, and integrity.
This document discusses key ethical considerations in research including informed consent, privacy, confidentiality, potential harms, and benefits. It addresses ethics committees that review proposed research methodology and adherence to ethical codes. Key principles of ethical research are protecting participants, voluntary participation with informed consent, and following national laws. The document also examines ethical issues around vulnerable groups, deception, incentives, and how to respond to ethical dilemmas that may arise during a study.
The document discusses research ethics and identifies important ethical principles to consider during the research process, including when developing the research problem, question, and design, collecting and analyzing data, and disseminating results. It highlights historical examples of unethical research like the Tuskegee Syphilis Study. Key principles that must be respected include informed consent, minimizing harm, respecting participants, and maintaining integrity. Researchers should obtain ethics approval and consult their institutional review board if they have any ethical questions or concerns.
Research Tools: Scientific Writing Tools for Writing Literature Review and a ...Nader Ale Ebrahim
“Research Tools” can be defined as vehicles that broadly facilitate research and related activities. Scientific tools enable researchers to collect, organize, analyze, visualize and publicized research outputs. Dr. Nader has collected over 700 tools that enable students to follow the correct path in research and to ultimately produce high-quality research outputs with more accuracy and efficiency. It is assembled as an interactive Web-based mind map, titled “Research Tools”, which is updated periodically. “Research Tools” consists of a hierarchical set of nodes. It has four main nodes: (1) Searching the literature, (2) Writing a paper, (3) Targeting suitable journals, and (4) Enhancing visibility and impact of the research. Several free tools can be found in the child nodes. In this workshop some tools as an example from the part 2 (Writing a paper) will be described. The e-skills learned from the workshop are useful across various research disciplines and research institutions.
Shelley Hurwitz MedicReS World Congress 2014MedicReS
Biostatistics and Ethics Shelley Hurwitz, PhD Brigham and Women’s Hospital Harvard Medical School Fellow, American Statistical Association Advisory Board on Ethics, International Statistical Institute
This document discusses the importance of ethics in medical research. It begins by defining ethics and research, and identifies human subjects. It then reviews some unethical medical experiments from history, like the Tuskegee Syphilis Study, that lacked informed consent and caused harm. This led to various codes of ethics like the Nuremberg Code, Declaration of Helsinki, and Belmont Report to protect subjects. The three main principles of research ethics are respect for persons, beneficence, and justice. Special protections are needed for vulnerable groups. Overall, ethics aim to balance scientific advancement with subject welfare and rights.
Research methodology ethical issues in research an assignmentMaiJoy
This document discusses six key ethical considerations in research: 1) informed consent, 2) invasion of privacy and maintaining confidentiality, 3) deception, 4) protection from harm, 5) data protection, and 6) managing conflicts of interest and affiliation. Violating any of these ethics can have negative consequences like jeopardizing future participation in research, damaging the reputation of the researcher and sponsor, and weakening public trust in the research process. Upholding strong ethical standards is important for conducting research responsibly and building trust.
Dr. Sarika Sawant presented on research ethics at a seminar. She discussed the definition of research ethics as regulating scientific activity to protect human participants and serve societal interests. She covered objectives like ensuring consent and oversight. Issues discussed included plagiarism, data handling, and research with humans and animals. National guidelines in India were also presented, as well as UNESCO's ethical guidelines focusing on informed consent, confidentiality, and integrity.
This document discusses key ethical considerations in research including informed consent, privacy, confidentiality, potential harms, and benefits. It addresses ethics committees that review proposed research methodology and adherence to ethical codes. Key principles of ethical research are protecting participants, voluntary participation with informed consent, and following national laws. The document also examines ethical issues around vulnerable groups, deception, incentives, and how to respond to ethical dilemmas that may arise during a study.
The document discusses research ethics and identifies important ethical principles to consider during the research process, including when developing the research problem, question, and design, collecting and analyzing data, and disseminating results. It highlights historical examples of unethical research like the Tuskegee Syphilis Study. Key principles that must be respected include informed consent, minimizing harm, respecting participants, and maintaining integrity. Researchers should obtain ethics approval and consult their institutional review board if they have any ethical questions or concerns.
This document provides instructions for a peer review assignment. Students are asked to exchange proposals with a partner, take notes on their partner's proposal while considering a list of questions, meet with their partner to discuss their responses verbally and in writing, and submit a written peer review by the due date. The goal is for students to provide helpful feedback and ask clarifying questions to improve each other's proposals in a respectful manner.
This document provides instructions and observations for proposals and research papers. It outlines several key points:
1) Students should already be researching their topic and using credible sources, not putting it off until the last minute.
2) Students must carefully follow all directions for assignments, such as formatting and content requirements.
3) Work must be thoroughly proofread to avoid errors.
4) Arguments should be based on evidence, not opinions, and avoid uncritical language.
5) Plagiarism will not be tolerated and comes with severe penalties like failing the course.
6) Students are encouraged to get help from resources like the writing center and consult materials on writing and plagiarism.
The document provides information about creative approaches to formal essay writing. It discusses how essay writing is sometimes an afterthought or omitted from syllabuses due to a focus on content coverage. It also addresses challenges students may face with essay writing like lacking experience, needing easy solutions, and leaving work until last minute. The document suggests creative approaches can help with essay writing and provides some examples like using puzzles and games.
Use this presentation as another source of information which is for your Dissertation Writing. If you need more information, you can refer to this article https://essay-academy.com/account/blog/what-is-a-dissertation
This document provides guidance on conducting research for a project. It discusses choosing a topic that interests the reader and meets assignment requirements. It also covers finding and evaluating information from various sources, as well as thinking through the purpose, audience, and context of the research. The document emphasizes that research involves answering questions and sharing results with others. It stresses clarifying the assignment, managing time, and outlining the research process.
1. To be considered true research, a project mustA. gather togeth.docxMargaritoWhitt221
1. To be considered true research, a project must:
A. gather together a body of existing information and communicate it in a clear and concise way.
B.uncover obscure or esoteric information and bring it to the consideration of the broader research community.
C. gather and interpret information in a systematic fashion so as to increase understanding of some phenomenon.
D.produce definitive conclusions regarding the subject of study.
2. Which of the following examples illustrates research as it is described in your textbook?
Sally is writing a paper about the effects of the Harry Potter books on the reading habits of fourth graders in the United States and United Kingdom. She goes to a research library to find information to include in her paper.
Ian wants to know why the population of songbirds has declined in recent years in the Sutton Wilderness Area. He carefully collects soil and water samples, systematically surveys the entire area for predators, and then sits down to make sense of his findings.
Leonard is starting a woodworking business and is not sure how to calculate the cost of his labor so he can be both profitable and fair to the customers. He asks several established business owners how they calculate labor changes.
Bill is doing a report on the sonnets of Shakespeare. He carefully reads a number of sonnets and then carefully reads scholarly reviews of those same sonnets written by various Shakespeare scholars. He synthesizes all of this information in his report.
3. Research is considered cyclical because:
the researcher articulates the goals of the project and then collects data to solve a particular problem.
questions lead to data collection which leads to interpretations and then to new problems.
it has a number of steps that should be followed in order.
it is based on solving problems and subproblems in a systematic, unbiased way.
4. Cameron is conducting a study that addresses the differences in achievement scores between schools that use block scheduling and schools that use a traditional scheduling format. He has accessed average achievement scores for 1200 schools and now is comparing the two groups. In which research step is Cameron engaged?
Recognize and identify a problem
Interpret the meaning of the data
Analyze the collected data
Develop a specific plan to address the problem
5. Which of the following is most likely a statement made by a qualitative researcher?
I would like to interview a few of the participants to understand their training.
I would like to give participants a test to determine their skill level.
I would like to use teacher ratings to see if the program worked.
I would like to control which students get the training so we can compare groups of children that did and did not get training.
6. Which of the following is most likely a statement made by a quantitative researcher?
Let's follow the groups for the course of the project and take notes about their social interactions and dialogues.
Let's con.
presentation to MA Book Art students at Camberwell - part of a seminar to explore context for research writing around the final essay in relationship to practice
USC Libraries Research Guides Organizing Your Social .docxjessiehampson
USC Libraries / Research Guides
/ Organizing Your Social Sciences Research Paper
/ 4. The Introduction
Organizing Your Social
Sciences Research Paper:
4. The Introduction
Offers detailed guidance on how to develop, organize, and write a research
paper in the social and behavioral sciences.
Research Guides
? Ask Us / FAQS
Purpose of Guide Types of Research Designs
1. Choosing a Research Problem 2. Preparing to Write
3. The Abstract 4. The Introduction 5. The Literature Review
6. The Methodology 7. The Results 8. The Discussion
9. The Conclusion 10. Proofreading Your Paper
11. Citing Sources Annotated Bibliography
Giving an Oral Presentation Grading Someone Else's Paper
How to Manage Group Projects Writing a Book Review
Writing a Case Study Writing a Field Report
Writing a Policy Memo Writing a Research Proposal
Search this Guide Search
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Acknowledgements
Definition
The introduction leads the reader from a general subject
area to a particular topic of inquiry. It establishes the
scope, context, and significance of the research being
conducted by summarizing current understanding and
background information about the topic, stating the
purpose of the work in the form of the research problem
supported by a hypothesis or a set of questions, explaining
briefly the methodological approach used to examine the
res ...
1. To be considered true research, a project mustgather tog.docxjackiewalcutt
1. To be considered true research, a project must:
gather together a body of existing information and communicate it in a clear and concise way.
uncover obscure or esoteric information and bring it to the consideration of the broader research community.
gather and interpret information in a systematic fashion so as to increase understanding of some phenomenon.
produce definitive conclusions regarding the subject of study.
2. Which of the following examples illustrates research as it is described in your textbook?
Sally is writing a paper about the effects of the Harry Potter books on the reading habits of fourth graders in the United States and United Kingdom. She goes to a research library to find information to include in her paper.
Ian wants to know why the population of songbirds has declined in recent years in the Sutton Wilderness Area. He carefully collects soil and water samples, systematically surveys the entire area for predators, and then sits down to make sense of his findings.
Leonard is starting a woodworking business and is not sure how to calculate the cost of his labor so he can be both profitable and fair to the customers. He asks several established business owners how they calculate labor changes.
Bill is doing a report on the sonnets of Shakespeare. He carefully reads a number of sonnets and then carefully reads scholarly reviews of those same sonnets written by various Shakespeare scholars. He synthesizes all of this information in his report.
3. Research is considered cyclical because:
the researcher articulates the goals of the project and then collects data to solve a particular problem.
questions lead to data collection which leads to interpretations and then to new problems.
it has a number of steps that should be followed in order.
it is based on solving problems and subproblems in a systematic, unbiased way.
4. Cameron is conducting a study that addresses the differences in achievement scores between schools that use block scheduling and schools that use a traditional scheduling format. He has accessed average achievement scores for 1200 schools and now is comparing the two groups. In which research step is Cameron engaged?
Recognize and identify a problem
Interpret the meaning of the data
Analyze the collected data
Develop a specific plan to address the problem
5. Which of the following is most likely a statement made by a qualitative researcher?
I would like to interview a few of the participants to understand their training.
I would like to give participants a test to determine their skill level.
I would like to use teacher ratings to see if the program worked.
I would like to control which students get the training so we can compare groups of children that did and did not get training.
6. Which of the following is most likely a statement made by a quantitative researcher?
Let’s follow the groups for the course of the project and take notes about their social int ...
1.Describe an example of the word research being used inappropriatel.docxMargaritoWhitt221
1.Describe an example of the word research being used inappropriately. Be clear about how your example deviates from the definition of research offered in the textbook.
2.
Why is it important that the researcher articulate, as clearly as possible, all assumptions that affect the research problem?
3.
Daphne has been a member of a research team studying interpersonal aggression among preschoolers for more than a year. In that time, her team has repeatedly employed a consistent set of techniques and procedures to study preschoolers as they interact in a number of settings. The procedures revolve around volunteer mothers bringing their children to the university child development lab for a “play session” that is the basis of the formal observations. Settings they have studied so far include: the university pre-school, affluent local day-care centers, and a pre-kindergarten program being offered in the neighborhood school district. All of these settings were fairly racially homogenous.
Daphne has just learned that a friend of a friend can help her gain research access, in the near future, to preschoolers in an unusually racially diverse though impoverished preschool setting. Daphne decides she has no time to prepare a formal research proposal before embarking on the study. “Besides,” she thinks, “this study should go just like all the others we’ve done.”
Is Daphne leaving herself open to problems in this situation, or is she safe moving ahead with no formal proposal, given how familiar she is with the study techniques and procedures?
4.Kirby is conducting a literature review in preparation for his study of “expectations regarding the sharing of financial and practical responsibilities among married and cohabiting couples in which both partners are between the ages of 20 and 29.” Conducting a keyword search on “couples” and “responsibility,” Kirby has generated a lengthy list of research articles. He decides to shorten the list of potential articles by eliminating all articles that were not published in prestigious research journals. He will include all the remaining articles in his literature review.
What is your opinion of Kirby’s approach to selecting articles for the literature review? Explain.
5.You are reading a literature review written by a novice researcher in your field. You notice that the researcher seems to have relied heavily on an Internet search while conducting the literature review. Your hunch is supported when you glance at the reference page and find a long list of Internet addresses. What goes through your mind regarding the quality and adequacy of the literature review in this situation?
.
1. Describe an example of the word research being used inappropr.docxjackiewalcutt
1. Describe an example of the word research being used inappropriately. Be clear about how your example deviates from the definition of research offered in the textbook.
2. Why is it important that the researcher articulate, as clearly as possible, all assumptions that affect the research problem?
3. Daphne has been a member of a research team studying interpersonal aggression among preschoolers for more than a year. In that time, her team has repeatedly employed a consistent set of techniques and procedures to study preschoolers as they interact in a number of settings. The procedures revolve around volunteer mothers bringing their children to the university child development lab for a “play session” that is the basis of the formal observations. Settings they have studied so far include: the university pre-school, affluent local day-care centers, and a pre-kindergarten program being offered in the neighborhood school district. All of these settings were fairly racially homogenous. Daphne has just learned that a friend of a friend can help her gain research access, in the near future, to preschoolers in an unusually racially diverse though impoverished preschool setting. Daphne decides she has no time to prepare a formal research proposal before embarking on the study. “Besides,” she thinks, “this study should go just like all the others we’ve done.”
Is Daphne leaving herself open to problems in this situation, or is she safe moving ahead with no formal proposal, given how familiar she is with the study techniques and procedures?
4. Kirby is conducting a literature review in preparation for his study of “expectations regarding the sharing of financial and practical responsibilities among married and cohabiting couples in which both partners are between the ages of 20 and 29.” Conducting a keyword search on “couples” and “responsibility,” Kirby has generated a lengthy list of research articles. He decides to shorten the list of potential articles by eliminating all articles that were not published in prestigious research journals. He will include all the remaining articles in his literature review.
What is your opinion of Kirby’s approach to selecting articles for the literature review? Explain.
5. You are reading a literature review written by a novice researcher in your field. You notice that the researcher seems to have relied heavily on an Internet search while conducting the literature review. Your hunch is supported when you glance at the reference page and find a long list of Internet addresses.
What goes through your mind regarding the quality and adequacy of the literature review in this situation?
...
Research Paper Writing for Undergraduate StudentsKern Rocke
The document provides guidance on writing a research paper. It discusses the multi-step research paper writing process including choosing a topic, finding information, developing a thesis statement, outlining, drafting, and revising. It emphasizes the importance of time management and accessing campus resources throughout the writing process.
01 how-to-write-a-better-thesis-springer-international-publishing-2014Chien Do Van
This document provides a summary of the book "How to Write a Better Thesis" by David Evans, Paul Gruba, and Justin Zobel. It discusses how writing a thesis can be challenging but rewarding when students receive positive feedback from examiners. It provides an example of a student, Brian, who wrote a well-structured thesis that addressed the key requirements and received only minor corrections. The introduction explains that the purpose of the book is to provide guidance to help students produce a thesis that will pass examination by developing good research habits and skills for organizing an argument.
The Experience of Writing the Comprehensive ExaminationChe-Wei Lee
This presentation was presented at the Research Apprenticeship Course Meeting for Dr. Jacob’s Doctoral Students
Wednesday, 8 October 2014, 2:30 – 3:30 p.m. (EDT)
Room 4321 Wesley W. Posvar Hall
University of Pittsburgh
This document outlines a WebQuest assignment for 9th grade students on the novel Fahrenheit 451 and the topic of censorship. Students will research the history of censorship, organize the information into categories, and write a persuasive essay either supporting or opposing censorship. The WebQuest guides students through gathering information, discussion in groups, and writing their essay to address questions about different cases of censorship and how it impacts society and individuals.
This document contains information about workshops being offered at John Jay College for graduate students in fall 2015. It lists the dates, times, locations and descriptions of 13 different workshops covering topics such as avoiding plagiarism, group work challenges, using the CUNYFirst system, conducting research, communication skills, bibliographic management, networking, database searching, resume writing, leadership skills, statistics, writing literature reviews, and writing skills. The workshops will take place between August 25 and September 17, 2015 at John Jay College.
This document outlines the steps in the research paper writing process. It begins with clarifying the assignment, selecting a topic, and developing a preliminary thesis. It then covers developing an outline, drafting the paper while integrating sources, and revising. The goal is to break the process into manageable steps, from topic selection to finalizing the paper, and provide resources for help.
Page 1 of 4 Controversial Issues in American Culture Rese.docxaryan532920
Page 1 of 4
Controversial Issues in American Culture Research Paper
Assignment:
Living in a diverse society, we are often trying to balance our personal experience and opinions agai nst a
backdrop of the large communal experience. What we think, feel, and believe can be in sharp contrast
with the people and the society around us. Thus, students need to learn how to research, structure, and
advance their opinions by providing evidence to support them. This assignment will help students
formulate their opinions on a controversial topic in an argumentative essay using evidence from primary
and secondary sources. Though nearly any topic will suffice for the purpose of this paper, all topics must
be open to dispute. Students will need to formulate their opinions on the topic but also concede and
refute the oppositional opinions through counte rarguments. We will use class time to discuss research
methods but the rest of your research will be your responsibility.
Decide On a Topic:
Deciding on a topic that is not too broad, nor too narrow will take some effort . In order to present a
convincing argument, consider the following:
1. Draw on the student’s personal experience. It is important to spend time and energy on a topic
that means something to you. Think about topics they may come up in your chosen career field,
in everyday life, or things that you think should be changed in society , but that there is no easy
answer or resolution.
2. Be sure to “resist binary thinking” (Greene and Lidinsky 88). Make sure that the topic chosen can
support several, if not many, different viewpoints.
3. Synthesize others’ views and find new ways to look at the issues.
4. When researching, read to “discover a writer’s frame” to see how his/her ideas and theories can
benefit your own, or if they can be used in counterarguments.
5. Decide whether the issue an issue of fact, value, or policy? Is it a combination of two or more?
Topics should present a position that has varying perspectives.
General Topics include:
Addiction/Alcohol/ Drugs
Bilingual Education
Birth Control
Body Image
Censorship
Eating Disorders
Ethnic Stereotypes
Family Values
Gay Rights
Gender Discrimination
Gun Control
Health
Homosexuality/
Sexual Orientation
Immigration
Interracial
Relationships
Legalized Gambling
Politics
Music/Art
Education
Religion
Role Models
Sexual Assaults
Sexual Relationships
Single Parents
Sports Industry
Stereotypes
Terrorism
Tobacco
Video Games
Violence
War
**For more topics, check out the folder in the Research Project folder
Students should come up with an issue-based question about their topic:
Think and try on different perspectives about the issue
Page 2 of 4
Discuss why the issue is important to the student, and then why this issue may be important to
other people.
Determine what is up for ...
This document provides instructions for students to complete a research project on a turning point in American history between 1600-1920. It outlines four graded assignments that make up the project: choosing a research topic, creating an annotated bibliography, writing a research journal, and a final research paper. It provides guidance and criteria for each assignment, as well as deadlines. Resources from the National History Day website are recommended to help students with their research and formatting of citations. The document emphasizes communicating with the teacher if any issues arise.
Starting in the late 1980s and running through most of the 1990s, once or twice a year I taught an in-house executive training course, Multinationals and Transfer Pricing, for Revenue Canada (now the Canada Revenue Agency or CRA). CRA international tax auditors and policy staff from across Canada were my students, together with occasional Department of Justice tax lawyers. The course was held in various cities, but mostly in the federal government's training facility in Rigaud, Quebec, just south of Ottawa. When I started teaching the course, there were only a handful of transfer pricing staff and (my recollection is) only one economist inside Revenue Canada; the few people who handled transfer pricing issues were all located in the International Tax Directorate in Ottawa. Over the years, the number of CRA transfer pricing staff grew rapidly and CRA eventually started offering its own in-house transfer pricing courses. My course was no longer needed. I moved from Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada to Texas A&M in College Station, Texas too in 1995, which made my RCA training more difficult logistically.
What I remember about those years is that they were very good years. As an academic, I benefited enormously from spending time with CRA staff listening to and discussing suitably disguised transfer pricing situations. (As an in-house approved trainer for CRA, there were of course specific confidentiality requirements that had to followed.) I hope that CRA's and DOJ's staff also learned from me. Moreover - and this is where I am headed - I was able to bring in a variety of visiting speakers to teach with me. These included, over the years, David Quirin, Alan Rugman and Francois Vincent (who had taken an earlier class) - and Charles Berry.
Charles taught, if my recollection is correct, either two or three times with me. Each time, he taught the DuPont case and explained the Berry Ratio. I made copious notes and believe that my understanding of the Berry Ratio was helped enormously by learning it from the "master." I have always, since then, had a special affection for the Berry Ratio because of learning the method this way.
When William Byrnes invited me to write a chapter in his edited book on US transfer pricing (Cole and Brynes, Practical Guide to U.S. Transfer Pricing, Third Edition), we discussed topics and decided on the Berry Ratio. I invited a former student of mine at Texas A&M Tetiana Zakrevska to write the chapter with me. We have now finished the chapter and it will appear in the next version of the Practical Guide.
The document discusses how multinational enterprises (MNEs) and foreign direct investment (FDI) are changing in two major ways:
1) The rise of emerging market MNEs that are often family-owned or state-owned and have different motivations for FDI than traditional Western MNEs.
2) The growth of the digital economy, which enables "born global" small firms and micro-MNEs to operate across borders more easily through digital technologies.
These changes have implications for international investment policies, which may need to account for greater diversity among MNEs and the needs of emerging market firms in the new digital economy.
This document provides instructions for a peer review assignment. Students are asked to exchange proposals with a partner, take notes on their partner's proposal while considering a list of questions, meet with their partner to discuss their responses verbally and in writing, and submit a written peer review by the due date. The goal is for students to provide helpful feedback and ask clarifying questions to improve each other's proposals in a respectful manner.
This document provides instructions and observations for proposals and research papers. It outlines several key points:
1) Students should already be researching their topic and using credible sources, not putting it off until the last minute.
2) Students must carefully follow all directions for assignments, such as formatting and content requirements.
3) Work must be thoroughly proofread to avoid errors.
4) Arguments should be based on evidence, not opinions, and avoid uncritical language.
5) Plagiarism will not be tolerated and comes with severe penalties like failing the course.
6) Students are encouraged to get help from resources like the writing center and consult materials on writing and plagiarism.
The document provides information about creative approaches to formal essay writing. It discusses how essay writing is sometimes an afterthought or omitted from syllabuses due to a focus on content coverage. It also addresses challenges students may face with essay writing like lacking experience, needing easy solutions, and leaving work until last minute. The document suggests creative approaches can help with essay writing and provides some examples like using puzzles and games.
Use this presentation as another source of information which is for your Dissertation Writing. If you need more information, you can refer to this article https://essay-academy.com/account/blog/what-is-a-dissertation
This document provides guidance on conducting research for a project. It discusses choosing a topic that interests the reader and meets assignment requirements. It also covers finding and evaluating information from various sources, as well as thinking through the purpose, audience, and context of the research. The document emphasizes that research involves answering questions and sharing results with others. It stresses clarifying the assignment, managing time, and outlining the research process.
1. To be considered true research, a project mustA. gather togeth.docxMargaritoWhitt221
1. To be considered true research, a project must:
A. gather together a body of existing information and communicate it in a clear and concise way.
B.uncover obscure or esoteric information and bring it to the consideration of the broader research community.
C. gather and interpret information in a systematic fashion so as to increase understanding of some phenomenon.
D.produce definitive conclusions regarding the subject of study.
2. Which of the following examples illustrates research as it is described in your textbook?
Sally is writing a paper about the effects of the Harry Potter books on the reading habits of fourth graders in the United States and United Kingdom. She goes to a research library to find information to include in her paper.
Ian wants to know why the population of songbirds has declined in recent years in the Sutton Wilderness Area. He carefully collects soil and water samples, systematically surveys the entire area for predators, and then sits down to make sense of his findings.
Leonard is starting a woodworking business and is not sure how to calculate the cost of his labor so he can be both profitable and fair to the customers. He asks several established business owners how they calculate labor changes.
Bill is doing a report on the sonnets of Shakespeare. He carefully reads a number of sonnets and then carefully reads scholarly reviews of those same sonnets written by various Shakespeare scholars. He synthesizes all of this information in his report.
3. Research is considered cyclical because:
the researcher articulates the goals of the project and then collects data to solve a particular problem.
questions lead to data collection which leads to interpretations and then to new problems.
it has a number of steps that should be followed in order.
it is based on solving problems and subproblems in a systematic, unbiased way.
4. Cameron is conducting a study that addresses the differences in achievement scores between schools that use block scheduling and schools that use a traditional scheduling format. He has accessed average achievement scores for 1200 schools and now is comparing the two groups. In which research step is Cameron engaged?
Recognize and identify a problem
Interpret the meaning of the data
Analyze the collected data
Develop a specific plan to address the problem
5. Which of the following is most likely a statement made by a qualitative researcher?
I would like to interview a few of the participants to understand their training.
I would like to give participants a test to determine their skill level.
I would like to use teacher ratings to see if the program worked.
I would like to control which students get the training so we can compare groups of children that did and did not get training.
6. Which of the following is most likely a statement made by a quantitative researcher?
Let's follow the groups for the course of the project and take notes about their social interactions and dialogues.
Let's con.
presentation to MA Book Art students at Camberwell - part of a seminar to explore context for research writing around the final essay in relationship to practice
USC Libraries Research Guides Organizing Your Social .docxjessiehampson
USC Libraries / Research Guides
/ Organizing Your Social Sciences Research Paper
/ 4. The Introduction
Organizing Your Social
Sciences Research Paper:
4. The Introduction
Offers detailed guidance on how to develop, organize, and write a research
paper in the social and behavioral sciences.
Research Guides
? Ask Us / FAQS
Purpose of Guide Types of Research Designs
1. Choosing a Research Problem 2. Preparing to Write
3. The Abstract 4. The Introduction 5. The Literature Review
6. The Methodology 7. The Results 8. The Discussion
9. The Conclusion 10. Proofreading Your Paper
11. Citing Sources Annotated Bibliography
Giving an Oral Presentation Grading Someone Else's Paper
How to Manage Group Projects Writing a Book Review
Writing a Case Study Writing a Field Report
Writing a Policy Memo Writing a Research Proposal
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Acknowledgements
Definition
The introduction leads the reader from a general subject
area to a particular topic of inquiry. It establishes the
scope, context, and significance of the research being
conducted by summarizing current understanding and
background information about the topic, stating the
purpose of the work in the form of the research problem
supported by a hypothesis or a set of questions, explaining
briefly the methodological approach used to examine the
res ...
1. To be considered true research, a project mustgather tog.docxjackiewalcutt
1. To be considered true research, a project must:
gather together a body of existing information and communicate it in a clear and concise way.
uncover obscure or esoteric information and bring it to the consideration of the broader research community.
gather and interpret information in a systematic fashion so as to increase understanding of some phenomenon.
produce definitive conclusions regarding the subject of study.
2. Which of the following examples illustrates research as it is described in your textbook?
Sally is writing a paper about the effects of the Harry Potter books on the reading habits of fourth graders in the United States and United Kingdom. She goes to a research library to find information to include in her paper.
Ian wants to know why the population of songbirds has declined in recent years in the Sutton Wilderness Area. He carefully collects soil and water samples, systematically surveys the entire area for predators, and then sits down to make sense of his findings.
Leonard is starting a woodworking business and is not sure how to calculate the cost of his labor so he can be both profitable and fair to the customers. He asks several established business owners how they calculate labor changes.
Bill is doing a report on the sonnets of Shakespeare. He carefully reads a number of sonnets and then carefully reads scholarly reviews of those same sonnets written by various Shakespeare scholars. He synthesizes all of this information in his report.
3. Research is considered cyclical because:
the researcher articulates the goals of the project and then collects data to solve a particular problem.
questions lead to data collection which leads to interpretations and then to new problems.
it has a number of steps that should be followed in order.
it is based on solving problems and subproblems in a systematic, unbiased way.
4. Cameron is conducting a study that addresses the differences in achievement scores between schools that use block scheduling and schools that use a traditional scheduling format. He has accessed average achievement scores for 1200 schools and now is comparing the two groups. In which research step is Cameron engaged?
Recognize and identify a problem
Interpret the meaning of the data
Analyze the collected data
Develop a specific plan to address the problem
5. Which of the following is most likely a statement made by a qualitative researcher?
I would like to interview a few of the participants to understand their training.
I would like to give participants a test to determine their skill level.
I would like to use teacher ratings to see if the program worked.
I would like to control which students get the training so we can compare groups of children that did and did not get training.
6. Which of the following is most likely a statement made by a quantitative researcher?
Let’s follow the groups for the course of the project and take notes about their social int ...
1.Describe an example of the word research being used inappropriatel.docxMargaritoWhitt221
1.Describe an example of the word research being used inappropriately. Be clear about how your example deviates from the definition of research offered in the textbook.
2.
Why is it important that the researcher articulate, as clearly as possible, all assumptions that affect the research problem?
3.
Daphne has been a member of a research team studying interpersonal aggression among preschoolers for more than a year. In that time, her team has repeatedly employed a consistent set of techniques and procedures to study preschoolers as they interact in a number of settings. The procedures revolve around volunteer mothers bringing their children to the university child development lab for a “play session” that is the basis of the formal observations. Settings they have studied so far include: the university pre-school, affluent local day-care centers, and a pre-kindergarten program being offered in the neighborhood school district. All of these settings were fairly racially homogenous.
Daphne has just learned that a friend of a friend can help her gain research access, in the near future, to preschoolers in an unusually racially diverse though impoverished preschool setting. Daphne decides she has no time to prepare a formal research proposal before embarking on the study. “Besides,” she thinks, “this study should go just like all the others we’ve done.”
Is Daphne leaving herself open to problems in this situation, or is she safe moving ahead with no formal proposal, given how familiar she is with the study techniques and procedures?
4.Kirby is conducting a literature review in preparation for his study of “expectations regarding the sharing of financial and practical responsibilities among married and cohabiting couples in which both partners are between the ages of 20 and 29.” Conducting a keyword search on “couples” and “responsibility,” Kirby has generated a lengthy list of research articles. He decides to shorten the list of potential articles by eliminating all articles that were not published in prestigious research journals. He will include all the remaining articles in his literature review.
What is your opinion of Kirby’s approach to selecting articles for the literature review? Explain.
5.You are reading a literature review written by a novice researcher in your field. You notice that the researcher seems to have relied heavily on an Internet search while conducting the literature review. Your hunch is supported when you glance at the reference page and find a long list of Internet addresses. What goes through your mind regarding the quality and adequacy of the literature review in this situation?
.
1. Describe an example of the word research being used inappropr.docxjackiewalcutt
1. Describe an example of the word research being used inappropriately. Be clear about how your example deviates from the definition of research offered in the textbook.
2. Why is it important that the researcher articulate, as clearly as possible, all assumptions that affect the research problem?
3. Daphne has been a member of a research team studying interpersonal aggression among preschoolers for more than a year. In that time, her team has repeatedly employed a consistent set of techniques and procedures to study preschoolers as they interact in a number of settings. The procedures revolve around volunteer mothers bringing their children to the university child development lab for a “play session” that is the basis of the formal observations. Settings they have studied so far include: the university pre-school, affluent local day-care centers, and a pre-kindergarten program being offered in the neighborhood school district. All of these settings were fairly racially homogenous. Daphne has just learned that a friend of a friend can help her gain research access, in the near future, to preschoolers in an unusually racially diverse though impoverished preschool setting. Daphne decides she has no time to prepare a formal research proposal before embarking on the study. “Besides,” she thinks, “this study should go just like all the others we’ve done.”
Is Daphne leaving herself open to problems in this situation, or is she safe moving ahead with no formal proposal, given how familiar she is with the study techniques and procedures?
4. Kirby is conducting a literature review in preparation for his study of “expectations regarding the sharing of financial and practical responsibilities among married and cohabiting couples in which both partners are between the ages of 20 and 29.” Conducting a keyword search on “couples” and “responsibility,” Kirby has generated a lengthy list of research articles. He decides to shorten the list of potential articles by eliminating all articles that were not published in prestigious research journals. He will include all the remaining articles in his literature review.
What is your opinion of Kirby’s approach to selecting articles for the literature review? Explain.
5. You are reading a literature review written by a novice researcher in your field. You notice that the researcher seems to have relied heavily on an Internet search while conducting the literature review. Your hunch is supported when you glance at the reference page and find a long list of Internet addresses.
What goes through your mind regarding the quality and adequacy of the literature review in this situation?
...
Research Paper Writing for Undergraduate StudentsKern Rocke
The document provides guidance on writing a research paper. It discusses the multi-step research paper writing process including choosing a topic, finding information, developing a thesis statement, outlining, drafting, and revising. It emphasizes the importance of time management and accessing campus resources throughout the writing process.
01 how-to-write-a-better-thesis-springer-international-publishing-2014Chien Do Van
This document provides a summary of the book "How to Write a Better Thesis" by David Evans, Paul Gruba, and Justin Zobel. It discusses how writing a thesis can be challenging but rewarding when students receive positive feedback from examiners. It provides an example of a student, Brian, who wrote a well-structured thesis that addressed the key requirements and received only minor corrections. The introduction explains that the purpose of the book is to provide guidance to help students produce a thesis that will pass examination by developing good research habits and skills for organizing an argument.
The Experience of Writing the Comprehensive ExaminationChe-Wei Lee
This presentation was presented at the Research Apprenticeship Course Meeting for Dr. Jacob’s Doctoral Students
Wednesday, 8 October 2014, 2:30 – 3:30 p.m. (EDT)
Room 4321 Wesley W. Posvar Hall
University of Pittsburgh
This document outlines a WebQuest assignment for 9th grade students on the novel Fahrenheit 451 and the topic of censorship. Students will research the history of censorship, organize the information into categories, and write a persuasive essay either supporting or opposing censorship. The WebQuest guides students through gathering information, discussion in groups, and writing their essay to address questions about different cases of censorship and how it impacts society and individuals.
This document contains information about workshops being offered at John Jay College for graduate students in fall 2015. It lists the dates, times, locations and descriptions of 13 different workshops covering topics such as avoiding plagiarism, group work challenges, using the CUNYFirst system, conducting research, communication skills, bibliographic management, networking, database searching, resume writing, leadership skills, statistics, writing literature reviews, and writing skills. The workshops will take place between August 25 and September 17, 2015 at John Jay College.
This document outlines the steps in the research paper writing process. It begins with clarifying the assignment, selecting a topic, and developing a preliminary thesis. It then covers developing an outline, drafting the paper while integrating sources, and revising. The goal is to break the process into manageable steps, from topic selection to finalizing the paper, and provide resources for help.
Page 1 of 4 Controversial Issues in American Culture Rese.docxaryan532920
Page 1 of 4
Controversial Issues in American Culture Research Paper
Assignment:
Living in a diverse society, we are often trying to balance our personal experience and opinions agai nst a
backdrop of the large communal experience. What we think, feel, and believe can be in sharp contrast
with the people and the society around us. Thus, students need to learn how to research, structure, and
advance their opinions by providing evidence to support them. This assignment will help students
formulate their opinions on a controversial topic in an argumentative essay using evidence from primary
and secondary sources. Though nearly any topic will suffice for the purpose of this paper, all topics must
be open to dispute. Students will need to formulate their opinions on the topic but also concede and
refute the oppositional opinions through counte rarguments. We will use class time to discuss research
methods but the rest of your research will be your responsibility.
Decide On a Topic:
Deciding on a topic that is not too broad, nor too narrow will take some effort . In order to present a
convincing argument, consider the following:
1. Draw on the student’s personal experience. It is important to spend time and energy on a topic
that means something to you. Think about topics they may come up in your chosen career field,
in everyday life, or things that you think should be changed in society , but that there is no easy
answer or resolution.
2. Be sure to “resist binary thinking” (Greene and Lidinsky 88). Make sure that the topic chosen can
support several, if not many, different viewpoints.
3. Synthesize others’ views and find new ways to look at the issues.
4. When researching, read to “discover a writer’s frame” to see how his/her ideas and theories can
benefit your own, or if they can be used in counterarguments.
5. Decide whether the issue an issue of fact, value, or policy? Is it a combination of two or more?
Topics should present a position that has varying perspectives.
General Topics include:
Addiction/Alcohol/ Drugs
Bilingual Education
Birth Control
Body Image
Censorship
Eating Disorders
Ethnic Stereotypes
Family Values
Gay Rights
Gender Discrimination
Gun Control
Health
Homosexuality/
Sexual Orientation
Immigration
Interracial
Relationships
Legalized Gambling
Politics
Music/Art
Education
Religion
Role Models
Sexual Assaults
Sexual Relationships
Single Parents
Sports Industry
Stereotypes
Terrorism
Tobacco
Video Games
Violence
War
**For more topics, check out the folder in the Research Project folder
Students should come up with an issue-based question about their topic:
Think and try on different perspectives about the issue
Page 2 of 4
Discuss why the issue is important to the student, and then why this issue may be important to
other people.
Determine what is up for ...
This document provides instructions for students to complete a research project on a turning point in American history between 1600-1920. It outlines four graded assignments that make up the project: choosing a research topic, creating an annotated bibliography, writing a research journal, and a final research paper. It provides guidance and criteria for each assignment, as well as deadlines. Resources from the National History Day website are recommended to help students with their research and formatting of citations. The document emphasizes communicating with the teacher if any issues arise.
Starting in the late 1980s and running through most of the 1990s, once or twice a year I taught an in-house executive training course, Multinationals and Transfer Pricing, for Revenue Canada (now the Canada Revenue Agency or CRA). CRA international tax auditors and policy staff from across Canada were my students, together with occasional Department of Justice tax lawyers. The course was held in various cities, but mostly in the federal government's training facility in Rigaud, Quebec, just south of Ottawa. When I started teaching the course, there were only a handful of transfer pricing staff and (my recollection is) only one economist inside Revenue Canada; the few people who handled transfer pricing issues were all located in the International Tax Directorate in Ottawa. Over the years, the number of CRA transfer pricing staff grew rapidly and CRA eventually started offering its own in-house transfer pricing courses. My course was no longer needed. I moved from Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada to Texas A&M in College Station, Texas too in 1995, which made my RCA training more difficult logistically.
What I remember about those years is that they were very good years. As an academic, I benefited enormously from spending time with CRA staff listening to and discussing suitably disguised transfer pricing situations. (As an in-house approved trainer for CRA, there were of course specific confidentiality requirements that had to followed.) I hope that CRA's and DOJ's staff also learned from me. Moreover - and this is where I am headed - I was able to bring in a variety of visiting speakers to teach with me. These included, over the years, David Quirin, Alan Rugman and Francois Vincent (who had taken an earlier class) - and Charles Berry.
Charles taught, if my recollection is correct, either two or three times with me. Each time, he taught the DuPont case and explained the Berry Ratio. I made copious notes and believe that my understanding of the Berry Ratio was helped enormously by learning it from the "master." I have always, since then, had a special affection for the Berry Ratio because of learning the method this way.
When William Byrnes invited me to write a chapter in his edited book on US transfer pricing (Cole and Brynes, Practical Guide to U.S. Transfer Pricing, Third Edition), we discussed topics and decided on the Berry Ratio. I invited a former student of mine at Texas A&M Tetiana Zakrevska to write the chapter with me. We have now finished the chapter and it will appear in the next version of the Practical Guide.
The document discusses how multinational enterprises (MNEs) and foreign direct investment (FDI) are changing in two major ways:
1) The rise of emerging market MNEs that are often family-owned or state-owned and have different motivations for FDI than traditional Western MNEs.
2) The growth of the digital economy, which enables "born global" small firms and micro-MNEs to operate across borders more easily through digital technologies.
These changes have implications for international investment policies, which may need to account for greater diversity among MNEs and the needs of emerging market firms in the new digital economy.
Eden-ALS-MAKING-WORK-21ST-CENTURY-July-2014LORRAINE EDEN
This summary provides the key points from the document in 3 sentences:
The document discusses the arm's length standard (ALS) which is used to determine corporate tax payments between related entities in different countries. It acknowledges criticisms of the ALS and focuses on recommendations to improve the current system, including reducing incentives for abusive transfer pricing by establishing a simpler international tax regime. The first problem of abusive transfer pricing is seen as a design problem of the international tax regime, not a transfer pricing problem, and solutions involve strengthening anti-abuse rules and transparency.
Transfer Pricing Careers for Bush School MPIA Students-02-12-2015LORRAINE EDEN
Transfer pricing is setting prices for transactions between related parties and is a growing career field. The document discusses a transfer pricing course at Texas A&M University that has had 157 students since 2007, many of whom were MIA students. Over half of the former students now work in transfer pricing or related fields, primarily at the Big Four accounting firms or in oil and gas. The skills needed for such a career include economics knowledge, quantitative skills, English proficiency, and soft skills. International students can also find jobs in the US with the proper English abilities.
Transfer Pricing Careers for Economics Students-2015-v2LORRAINE EDEN
This document discusses transfer pricing careers for graduate students in economics. It describes a graduate seminar on international transfer pricing taught at Texas A&M University. Transfer pricing involves setting prices for transactions between related parties. Many past students from the course have found jobs in transfer pricing at large accounting firms, oil and gas companies, and government agencies. Successful candidates need skills in economics, quantitative analysis, English proficiency, and soft skills. Nationality is less important than language abilities. The professor encourages students to take a series of courses to complete a transfer pricing module and considers a joint degree program.
Politics in International Business ResearchLORRAINE EDEN
The document discusses potential blind spots in the international business (IB) literature regarding the treatment of politics in host countries. It notes that while IB research sometimes includes factors like government regulations and institutions, it often treats politics as external to firm strategies. The document suggests political science perspectives could provide new insights. It highlights how recent IB papers have begun examining political capabilities, strategies of multinational enterprises (MNEs), relationships between MNEs and states, and the impacts of issues like corruption, conflict and different institutional environments. The document argues for more integration of political science and greater consideration of both the "dark side" of MNE motivations and new types of firms in IB research.
The document discusses transfer pricing as a career option and the transfer pricing module available at Texas A&M University. It provides background on transfer pricing and describes typical career paths. It then outlines the courses required for the transfer pricing module, including International Transfer Pricing as the core course. Students can complete the module with or without an internship. The document recommends additional courses and internships to increase skills and marketability for transfer pricing careers. It provides examples of how different degree programs like an MBA can meet the module requirements within their existing plans of study.
Lorraine Eden\'s PPT presentation for the Strategic Management Society (SMS) Doctoral Consortium "Meet the Editors" panel on October 10, 2009
1. Professional Ethics in Academia:
Ethical Research Dilemmas for PhD Students
Lorraine Eden, Texas A&M University
Presentation at the AOM International Management Division Doctoral Student
Consortium, Vancouver, August 8, 2015
1
4. Outline
4
I. Lifecycle of a PhD Student
II. Research Dilemmas along the
Timeline
III. Ten Mini-Cases: PhD Students and
Research Ethics
IV. Where to Learn More?
V. The BAM Ethics Guide: Key Advice for
Ethical Research
7. 7
• Each of these research roles and activities creates potential
ethical pitfalls for doctoral students. I summarize the stages as:
1. Entry – admission to doctoral studies
2. Research
o Course work
o Faculty led projects
o Student led projects
3. Presentations – presentation of research at different
venues
4. Publication – publication of research in different outlets
5. Dissertation – dissertation committee, topic, research,
writing, defense
6. Exit - post-dissertation research activities after graduation
II. Research Pitfalls along the Timeline
8. III. Ten Mini-Cases:
Ethical Dilemmas for PhD Students
8
Each of the 10 mini-cases below describes a possible ethical
dilemma facing the PhD student.
1. Is there an ethical dilemma here? If yes, what is it and why?
2. What are the available options facing the PhD student?
3. What ethical course of action do you recommend and why?
Source: Eden, Lorraine and Kevin McSweeney. Twenty Questions: Ethical
Research Dilemmas for PhD Students. AOM The Ethicist ( October 2014).
9. 1. Who owns class term papers?
9
Nicolas writes a term paper for his PhD seminar and presents it in
class. Barbara, another PhD student in the class, is assigned to
critique the term paper.
Nicolas does not get a very good grade on the term paper and,
after the class is over, he decides the term paper needs too much
work to bring the paper up to publishable quality so he puts the
paper on the “backburner.”
Barbara, however, really likes this topic and writes her own paper,
which she submits to the annual Academy of Management
conference.
Barbara’s paper is accepted for presentation at the meetings.
Nicolas sees Barbara’s paper on the AOM conference program
and realizes that her paper is on the same topic as his term paper.
He accuses her of stealing his term paper.
10. 2. Errors in the data!
10
Justin and Kara are working with Professor X on a joint
paper. They are on a tight deadline; submission for the
annual Academy of Management meetings is only two
weeks away.
Justin is tasked to collect some missing data for their
empirical work. He is also in the middle of exams and so
quickly gathers the data without checking the numbers.
Kara discovers that the data are flawed, but realizes that if
she brings this to the attention of Professor X they will likely
miss the window for submitting the paper to the AOM
meetings.
11. 3. Why is he a co-author and not me?
11
Xiao is assigned as a research assistant to Professor Micro
and spends the semester gathering and analyzing data for
one of Professor Micro’s projects. Kevin is doing the same
thing for Professor Macro.
At the end of the semester, Professor Micro invites Xiao to
be a co-author on a paper that will be based on their joint
research; Professor Macro does not invite Kevin to be a co-
author on a paper that will be based on their joint research.
Xiao and Kevin discover the different treatment when they
get together to discuss their research assignments this
semester.
12. 4. Doubling up on co-authored papers
12
Two PhD students, James and Willem, are office mates. Each
of them is working on a single-authored paper and they
occasionally discuss their research ideas.
They both know it is very important for their job search to
have multiple papers on their CVs. James and Willem realize
that, if they each added the other as a co-author, they would
generate mutual benefits for each other: doubling their
chances of a publication and beefing up their resumes when
they enter the job market.
They agree to go ahead and add each other has a co-author
to the other’s papers.
13. 5. Changing the order of authors
13
Andrew, Barbara and Cameron are co-researchers on a project.
All three are PhD students: Andrew and Cameron are in their
2nd year; Barbara is on the job market.
When they started the project, they agreed that the order of
authors would be alphabetical because they each were
contributing equally to the project.
The paper is done and they are getting ready to submit it to a
journal. Barbara asks if they can change the order of authors so
that she can be first author. Barbara argues that she is on the
job market and so needs the publication more than they do.
Barbara promises to return the favor by being third author on
the next two papers coming out of their work together.
14. 6. Have paper, will travel
14
Kayla has been working for a year, building a dataset for her
dissertation. This dataset extends the original dataset
provided by her dissertation chair by adding new variables
and years. Kayla’s dissertation chair has several publications
out of the original dataset. Kayla discovers, to her horror,
that there is a major error in the variables constructed in the
dataset and that the error is large enough to potentially
invalidate the papers that her chair has already published.
Kayla does not know whether (1) she should fix the error in
her own dataset, (2) tell her chair about the problem and (3)
whether to inform the journals where the papers were
published that they are fundamentally flawed.
15. 7. The rule of three
15
Rebecca is the lead author on a paper with Tomas and Jean Luis.
Rebecca submits their co-authored paper for presentation at the
AOM meetings without asking them first. Jean Luis is also part of
three other teams that each submitted a paper to the AOM
meetings. Jean Luis has therefore violated the Rule of Three since
his name is on four papers submitted to the AOM meetings.
When Jean Luis tells Rebecca about this, she suggests a simple fix:
She will take Jean Luis’s name off their AOM submission now. If the
paper is accepted and they present it, they will put Jean Luis’s name
back on the paper and slide presentation; he can attend the session
and present with them. They will tell everyone in the session that
Jean Luis is a co-author.
16. 8. Dissertation chair co-author?
16
Jordan’s dissertation chair is an internationally famous
scholar, traveling so much that she is seldom available to
meet with Jordan. As a result, Jordan had basically written
his dissertation by himself, with little to no help from his
chair.
When Jordan submits the dissertation to his chair, she tells
Jordan that he must agree to put her name on all
publications coming out of his dissertation or she will not
sign off on the dissertation.
17. 9. Publishing part of your thesis in an edited book
17
Javier's dissertation at a US university is well underway with one
main chapter and two supporting chapters. Javier’s former
professor in Mexico invites him to publish one of Javier’s
dissertation chapters in the professor’s edited book. Javier will
have a quick publication, making him more attractive on the job
market. Javier will also have done a favor to his former professor
who wrote a strong letter that helped Javier get into the PhD
program. Since the book will be in Spanish, there is little chance
that Javier’s chapter will be read by non-Spanish speaking
scholars. Therefore, Javier does not think publishing his
dissertation chapter in this edited book will create a problem for
him submitting the chapter for publication in a scholarly journal
afterwards.
18. 10. Professor-Student contracts
18
Stefanie's dissertation chair offers to let her use his hand-
collected private dataset. Her chair requests in return that he
be a co-author on all publications by Stefanie using his dataset.
She agrees verbally to do this.
They write several papers together. Ten years later, Stefanie
writes and publishes a single-authored paper using her chair’s
original dataset. Stefanie believe she does not have to give co-
authorship because the theory development is hers and
"enough is enough"; 10 years of joint work is long enough to
pay for the use of the original dataset.
Stefanie’s chair is furious, arguing they had an agreement that
all published work using the dataset would be joint authored.
19. IV. Research Ethics Guides – where
can you go to learn more?
• AOM Code of Ethics (http://aom.org/About-AOM/Code-of-
Ethics.aspx)
• The AOM Ethicist (http://ethicist.aom.org)
• AOM Ethics Videos (http://aom.org/About-AOM/Ethics-of-
Research---Publishing-Video-Series.aspx)
• British Academy of Management (BAM) Ethics Guide 2015
(http://charteredabs.org/wp-
content/uploads/2015/06/Ethics-Guide-2015-Advice-and-
Guidance.pdf)
19
21. 1. Integrity, honesty and transparency in scholarship
21
a. Be self-critical and self-aware so can fairly assess the quality
of one’s work and others.
b. Be explicit about intellectual preferences, political and social
inclinations, and own biases in their work.
c. Avoid misrepresenting skills or results of one’s work.
d. Consider the ethical implications of own research at all
research process stages.
e. Uphold the integrity of data and analysis, and ensure that
data, analysis and evidence are the basis of one’s research.
f. Ensure that research findings are disseminated and shared
as freely as possible, consistent with funder requirements
and copyright considerations.
22. 2. Respect for persons and prevention of harm
22
a. Avoid discrimination on the basis of gender, sexual orientation,
ethnicity, social background, age, religion, disability, political
beliefs or other aspects of personal identity which are not
relevant to the work being undertaken.
b. Consider the possible impact of power and authority in
interactions.
c. Consider the safety and well-being of others who might be
affected by their work. Evaluate the potential risk of harm and
mitigate this risk if potential harm exists.
d. Ensure that any advice or consultancy services do not cause
harm and that any political or social biases in such advice are
made explicit.
23. 3. Authorship and respect for intellectual property
23
a. Acknowledge all substantive and identifiable contributions to the
work undertaken, and be clear about and respect intellectual
property.
b. Discuss questions of authorship and achieve consensus among
participants. Consider the order of authors and agree to the order
based on best practice of the discipline. All listed authors bear
responsibility for the work.
c. Identify any material from others and attribute it appropriately to
the original authors (unless they wish to remain anonymous).
d. Avoid listing as an author an individual who has not contributed
substantively to the work.
e. Avoid citation for reasons other than to improve the work, for
example, do not cite to improve the impact factor of a journal where
the work is submitted.
24. 4. Consent
24
a. Ensure that participants in research understand the
process enough to make informed decision about
whether to take part.
b. The principle of informed consent may be set aside
in exceptional circumstances (not feasible, not
desirable, strong public interest case for undertaking
research without consent).
c. Appreciate that where consent has been given, the
original commitments given are observed. Material
changes should be made only with further consent.
d. Approach covert research with caution since it
breaches the principle of informed consent.
25. 5. Privacy, confidentiality and anonymity
25
a.
b. Respect individual and collective rights to privacy.
c. Ensure the privacy of personal data.
d. Carefully consider confidentiality and anonymity of potential
participants in research and ensure confidentiality and
anonymity where there is a prior commitment to do.
e. Consider pseudonyms rather than real names for anonymity.
f. There is no need for confidentiality or anonymity where
participants have agreed to their identities being public,
provided that informed consent procedures were followed.
g. Make provision for confidentiality or anonymity clear and,
preferably, in writing prior to data collection.
h. Be careful using online media as a data source.
26. 6. Declare affiliations, funding and support
26
a. Declare conflicts of interest relating to
commercial contracts and other connections.
b. Make others aware of ethical issues that
relate to ongoing work. Provide briefing and
training to staff and students on ethical
issues.
c. Conduct all financial dealings with probity.
27. 7. Misleading, misreporting,
misunderstanding and deception
27
a. Collect and use data without fabrication, falsification or
inappropriate manipulation.
b. Communicate results honestly and transparently.
c. Avoid deception (lies, misleading behavior, misrepresenting
or false reporting).
d. Acknowledge the work of others, explicitly reference any
prior work used verbatim and avoid self-plagiarism.
e. Approach covert research with considerable caution since it
breaches the principle of informed consent.
f. When in doubt about about the probity of an approach or
action, seek advice from someone charged with ethical issues.
g. Notify the relevant parties (funding bodies, journal editors) in
a timely and explicit manner if mistakes, false reporting or
other breaches of accepted standards are discovered.