Massive ascites as a presentation in a young womanTariq Mohammed
A 26-year-old woman presented with massive ascites and an increased CA-125 level suggestive of ovarian cancer. Laparotomy revealed 5L of hemorrhagic ascites, bilateral ovarian cysts, and areas of reddish color within the pelvis consistent with endometriosis. Histopathology of biopsy specimens confirmed endometriosis. The patient received GnRH analogue treatment for 6 months, experienced a reduction in ascites, and had full remission after 2 years. This case report highlights that endometriosis should be considered as a potential cause of ascites in reproductive-aged women, as it can mimic ovarian cancer.
Hysterectomy for benign conditions in a university hospital in2Tariq Mohammed
This study examined 251 women who underwent hysterectomies for benign conditions at a university hospital in Saudi Arabia between 1990 and 2002. The most common indications for hysterectomy were uterine fibroids (41.6%) and dysfunctional uterine bleeding (27.1%). Most abdominal hysterectomies (79%) were performed for fibroids and bleeding, while most vaginal hysterectomies (21%) were for uterine prolapse. Overall complication rates were 33.5% for abdominal hysterectomy and 30.4% for both procedures combined, with the most common complication being postoperative infection (18.7%).
Knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding cervical cancer screening among...Tariq Mohammed
This document summarizes a study on knowledge and practices regarding cervical cancer screening among female physicians in western Saudi Arabia. The study found that while most physicians were aware of HPV as a cause of cervical cancer and the Pap test as a screening method, awareness of the HPV vaccine was lower. Physicians specializing in gynecology demonstrated greater knowledge of cervical cancer screening and treatment compared to other specialists. The study concluded that further education for physicians in Saudi Arabia on available screening and HPV prevention could benefit cervical cancer reduction efforts.
This document discusses cervical cancer prevention in Saudi Arabia. It begins with background information on cervical cancer globally and in Saudi Arabia specifically. The population in Saudi Arabia is young and growing, so cervical cancer cases are expected to increase. Currently, little is known about HPV prevalence and screening in Saudi Arabia. The document then reviews the limited local data on Pap smear abnormalities and HPV genotypes. It identifies challenges to implementing screening, including understanding sexual practices and HPV epidemiology. The document recommends starting screening later (age 25-30) and using HPV testing initially. Further research is needed to inform the screening program, such as determining the age of sexual debut and HPV prevalence. The goal is to establish an effective and culturally appropriate cervical cancer prevention strategy
Massive ascites as a presentation in a young womanTariq Mohammed
A 26-year-old woman presented with massive ascites and an increased CA-125 level suggestive of ovarian cancer. Laparotomy revealed 5L of hemorrhagic ascites, bilateral ovarian cysts, and areas of reddish color within the pelvis consistent with endometriosis. Histopathology of biopsy specimens confirmed endometriosis. The patient received GnRH analogue treatment for 6 months, experienced a reduction in ascites, and had full remission after 2 years. This case report highlights that endometriosis should be considered as a potential cause of ascites in reproductive-aged women, as it can mimic ovarian cancer.
Hysterectomy for benign conditions in a university hospital in2Tariq Mohammed
This study examined 251 women who underwent hysterectomies for benign conditions at a university hospital in Saudi Arabia between 1990 and 2002. The most common indications for hysterectomy were uterine fibroids (41.6%) and dysfunctional uterine bleeding (27.1%). Most abdominal hysterectomies (79%) were performed for fibroids and bleeding, while most vaginal hysterectomies (21%) were for uterine prolapse. Overall complication rates were 33.5% for abdominal hysterectomy and 30.4% for both procedures combined, with the most common complication being postoperative infection (18.7%).
Knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding cervical cancer screening among...Tariq Mohammed
This document summarizes a study on knowledge and practices regarding cervical cancer screening among female physicians in western Saudi Arabia. The study found that while most physicians were aware of HPV as a cause of cervical cancer and the Pap test as a screening method, awareness of the HPV vaccine was lower. Physicians specializing in gynecology demonstrated greater knowledge of cervical cancer screening and treatment compared to other specialists. The study concluded that further education for physicians in Saudi Arabia on available screening and HPV prevention could benefit cervical cancer reduction efforts.
This document discusses cervical cancer prevention in Saudi Arabia. It begins with background information on cervical cancer globally and in Saudi Arabia specifically. The population in Saudi Arabia is young and growing, so cervical cancer cases are expected to increase. Currently, little is known about HPV prevalence and screening in Saudi Arabia. The document then reviews the limited local data on Pap smear abnormalities and HPV genotypes. It identifies challenges to implementing screening, including understanding sexual practices and HPV epidemiology. The document recommends starting screening later (age 25-30) and using HPV testing initially. Further research is needed to inform the screening program, such as determining the age of sexual debut and HPV prevalence. The goal is to establish an effective and culturally appropriate cervical cancer prevention strategy
This study analyzed 103 cases of aggressive histologic variants of endometrial carcinoma, including uterine papillary serous carcinoma, uterine clear cell carcinoma, and mixed tumors, treated at a single cancer center between 1984 and 1994. The median age was 67 years. Various treatment approaches were used including surgery alone, surgery with radiation therapy, and surgery with chemotherapy. The study found that lymphvascular space invasion and stage were independent prognostic factors. Radiation therapy significantly reduced pelvic recurrence for Stages I-III. Chemotherapy improved overall survival but not distant relapse rates. Stage Ia cases treated with surgery alone had a low risk of relapse.
Pseudomyxoma peritonei diagnosis and managementTariq Mohammed
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise boosts blood flow, releases endorphins, and promotes changes in the brain which help enhance one's emotional well-being and mental clarity.
Ov cancer and mayer hauser hauser syndromeTariq Mohammed
A 48-year-old woman with Mayer–Rokitansky–Kuster–Hauser (MRKH) syndrome, right kidney aplasia, and an abdominal-pelvic mass underwent surgery. Pathological examination revealed a poorly differentiated ovarian carcinoma of mixed cell types. Despite her conditions of MRKH syndrome and kidney aplasia, she was diagnosed with stage III ovarian cancer. She received chemotherapy and was asymptomatic 24 months post-operatively, demonstrating that ovarian cancer can rarely be associated with MRKH syndrome.
This case report describes a 32-year-old woman who developed multiple large urinary stones 6 years after undergoing a total pelvic exenteration and creation of a continent urostomy due to cervical cancer. She presented with recurrent urinary tract infections. Imaging revealed 10 large stones measuring 2.5-3cm each in the urostomy pouch. She underwent laparotomy and removal of the stones through an incision in the pouch. Analysis found the stones were composed of various minerals, and the patient was found to have a metabolic defect causing low citrate in her urine which contributed to stone formation. She was treated with citrate supplementation and has had no further stones or infections since.
This study aimed to determine the prevalence of high-risk HPV infections in healthy Saudi women attending gynecology clinics in western Saudi Arabia. The study found that 27 out of 485 women (5.6%) tested positive for high-risk HPV. The highest prevalence was among women aged 60 years and older. This prevalence of HPV in Saudi women is similar to other Arab countries but lower than Western countries. The results provide useful baseline data for establishing HPV testing in a cervical cancer screening program in Saudi Arabia.
Primitive neuroectodermal tumor of the ovaryTariq Mohammed
This document describes a case report of a 31-year-old woman who presented with abdominal pain and a rapidly enlarging abdomen. Imaging revealed a large ovarian cystic mass. She underwent surgery which found a right ovarian mass and omental mass. Pathology determined the tumor was a primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET) originating from the right ovary. She received chemotherapy but the tumor recurred and she did not respond to further treatment, dying 15 months after diagnosis. PNET is a rare and aggressive sarcoma most common in children and young adults that can rarely originate in the ovaries.
Early experience with the da vinci® surgicalTariq Mohammed
This document summarizes the author's early experience using the da Vinci surgical robot for gynecological surgeries at King Abdulaziz University Hospital between 2008-2010. The author performed 35 surgeries on patients using the robot, with an average docking time of 7 minutes and hospital stay of 3 days. While there was a 6.5% conversion rate to open surgery for early cases, complications occurred in 14% of patients but were not directly related to the robotic system. The author concludes that with proper training, technical difficulties can be limited when using the robot for gynecological procedures.
- The study evaluated 39 patients in Saudi Arabia who underwent conservative surgery for ovarian cancer between 2000-2010 to preserve ovarian function and fertility.
- Most patients (80%) had stage I cancer, with germ cell tumors being the most common (52% of cases).
- After treatment, 98% of patients returned to regular menstruation, and 20% went on to have a normal pregnancy and delivery.
- The study found conservative surgery for ovarian cancer to be safe and allow for ovarian preservation and fertility in most selected cases.
This document appears to be a log-in page for a manuscript submission and review system for the Saudi Medical Journal. It lists three manuscripts with their titles, current statuses, submission dates, and acceptance dates. The manuscripts are about knowledge and attitudes regarding cervical cancer screening among physicians, conservative treatment of ovarian cancer and its effects, and attitudes and knowledge of Saudi women regarding cervical cancer and screening.
Attitudes, knowledge, and practices in relation to cervicalTariq Mohammed
This document summarizes a study that assessed knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to cervical cancer screening among women in Saudi Arabia. 500 women completed questionnaires. The study found:
1) 67.6% of women were aware of Pap smear screening but only 16.8% had ever had the test, with the main reason being lack of awareness.
2) Knowledge of HPV as a cause of cervical cancer was reported by 14.4% of women and awareness of the HPV vaccine was 9.8%.
3) After receiving an educational pamphlet, 58.4% of women expressed willingness to get screened and 76.2% supported introducing the HPV vaccine, indicating awareness needs to be improved.
Hysterectomy for benign conditions in a university hospital inTariq Mohammed
This document summarizes a study examining hysterectomies performed at a university hospital in Saudi Arabia between 1990-2002. A total of 251 hysterectomies were reviewed. The most common indications were uterine fibroids (42%) and dysfunctional uterine bleeding (27%). Abdominal hysterectomy accounted for 79% of cases and vaginal hysterectomy 21%. Overall complication rates were 33.5% for abdominal, 15.4% for vaginal, and 30.4% for both. The most common complications were blood transfusion (7.2%) and postoperative infection (18.7%). Rates of complications were similar to other international studies.
The decision to delivery interval in emergency and nonTariq Mohammed
This study assessed the decision to delivery interval (DDI) for emergency and non-urgent cesarean sections at King Abdulaziz University Hospital in Saudi Arabia. The study analyzed 213 cesarean sections from January to June 2008. The median DDI was 62.5 minutes for non-urgent sections and 41 minutes for emergency sections, below the recommended 30 minutes. For emergency sections, 30.6% had a DDI under 30 minutes. No correlation was found between DDI and infant Apgar scores. The study concludes that achieving the 30 minute standard for emergency sections remains important to reduce maternal anxiety, though may not impact infant outcomes.
This study examined 114 pregnancies in 54 women with non-gynecologic cancer at a hospital in Saudi Arabia between 1990-2001. The study divided the pregnancies into two groups: Group I included 18 pregnancies where cancer was active during pregnancy, and Group II included 96 pregnancies where cancer was in remission during pregnancy. The study found that live birth rates were 66.7% for Group I and 87.5% for Group II, with a statistically significant difference between the groups. It also found 3 maternal deaths in Group I but no deaths in Group II. The most common cancers were thyroid and breast cancer. The study concluded that active cancer during pregnancy carries higher risks of adverse maternal and fetal outcomes compared to pregnancy
Molecular tests to detect human papillomavirusTariq Mohammed
This document discusses a study that tested cervical biopsy samples from 45 Saudi women for human papillomavirus (HPV) using the Hybrid Capture 2 technique. The samples came from women with cervical dysplasia or invasive cervical cancer. The study found HPV was present in 47.4% of samples overall, with higher rates in invasive cancer samples (61.9%) than cervical dysplasia samples (29.4%). HPV detection can help confirm that HPV contributes to cervical cancer in Saudi Arabia, though rates appear to be lower than other parts of the world. The study aims to better understand the HPV subtypes present in cervical abnormalities in the Saudi population.
This study analyzed 103 cases of aggressive histologic variants of endometrial carcinoma, including uterine papillary serous carcinoma, uterine clear cell carcinoma, and mixed tumors, treated at a single cancer center between 1984 and 1994. The median age was 67 years. Various treatment approaches were used including surgery alone, surgery with radiation therapy, and surgery with chemotherapy. The study found that lymphvascular space invasion and stage were independent prognostic factors. Radiation therapy significantly reduced pelvic recurrence for Stages I-III. Chemotherapy improved overall survival but not distant relapse rates. Stage Ia cases treated with surgery alone had a low risk of relapse.
Pseudomyxoma peritonei diagnosis and managementTariq Mohammed
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise boosts blood flow, releases endorphins, and promotes changes in the brain which help enhance one's emotional well-being and mental clarity.
Ov cancer and mayer hauser hauser syndromeTariq Mohammed
A 48-year-old woman with Mayer–Rokitansky–Kuster–Hauser (MRKH) syndrome, right kidney aplasia, and an abdominal-pelvic mass underwent surgery. Pathological examination revealed a poorly differentiated ovarian carcinoma of mixed cell types. Despite her conditions of MRKH syndrome and kidney aplasia, she was diagnosed with stage III ovarian cancer. She received chemotherapy and was asymptomatic 24 months post-operatively, demonstrating that ovarian cancer can rarely be associated with MRKH syndrome.
This case report describes a 32-year-old woman who developed multiple large urinary stones 6 years after undergoing a total pelvic exenteration and creation of a continent urostomy due to cervical cancer. She presented with recurrent urinary tract infections. Imaging revealed 10 large stones measuring 2.5-3cm each in the urostomy pouch. She underwent laparotomy and removal of the stones through an incision in the pouch. Analysis found the stones were composed of various minerals, and the patient was found to have a metabolic defect causing low citrate in her urine which contributed to stone formation. She was treated with citrate supplementation and has had no further stones or infections since.
This study aimed to determine the prevalence of high-risk HPV infections in healthy Saudi women attending gynecology clinics in western Saudi Arabia. The study found that 27 out of 485 women (5.6%) tested positive for high-risk HPV. The highest prevalence was among women aged 60 years and older. This prevalence of HPV in Saudi women is similar to other Arab countries but lower than Western countries. The results provide useful baseline data for establishing HPV testing in a cervical cancer screening program in Saudi Arabia.
Primitive neuroectodermal tumor of the ovaryTariq Mohammed
This document describes a case report of a 31-year-old woman who presented with abdominal pain and a rapidly enlarging abdomen. Imaging revealed a large ovarian cystic mass. She underwent surgery which found a right ovarian mass and omental mass. Pathology determined the tumor was a primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET) originating from the right ovary. She received chemotherapy but the tumor recurred and she did not respond to further treatment, dying 15 months after diagnosis. PNET is a rare and aggressive sarcoma most common in children and young adults that can rarely originate in the ovaries.
Early experience with the da vinci® surgicalTariq Mohammed
This document summarizes the author's early experience using the da Vinci surgical robot for gynecological surgeries at King Abdulaziz University Hospital between 2008-2010. The author performed 35 surgeries on patients using the robot, with an average docking time of 7 minutes and hospital stay of 3 days. While there was a 6.5% conversion rate to open surgery for early cases, complications occurred in 14% of patients but were not directly related to the robotic system. The author concludes that with proper training, technical difficulties can be limited when using the robot for gynecological procedures.
- The study evaluated 39 patients in Saudi Arabia who underwent conservative surgery for ovarian cancer between 2000-2010 to preserve ovarian function and fertility.
- Most patients (80%) had stage I cancer, with germ cell tumors being the most common (52% of cases).
- After treatment, 98% of patients returned to regular menstruation, and 20% went on to have a normal pregnancy and delivery.
- The study found conservative surgery for ovarian cancer to be safe and allow for ovarian preservation and fertility in most selected cases.
This document appears to be a log-in page for a manuscript submission and review system for the Saudi Medical Journal. It lists three manuscripts with their titles, current statuses, submission dates, and acceptance dates. The manuscripts are about knowledge and attitudes regarding cervical cancer screening among physicians, conservative treatment of ovarian cancer and its effects, and attitudes and knowledge of Saudi women regarding cervical cancer and screening.
Attitudes, knowledge, and practices in relation to cervicalTariq Mohammed
This document summarizes a study that assessed knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to cervical cancer screening among women in Saudi Arabia. 500 women completed questionnaires. The study found:
1) 67.6% of women were aware of Pap smear screening but only 16.8% had ever had the test, with the main reason being lack of awareness.
2) Knowledge of HPV as a cause of cervical cancer was reported by 14.4% of women and awareness of the HPV vaccine was 9.8%.
3) After receiving an educational pamphlet, 58.4% of women expressed willingness to get screened and 76.2% supported introducing the HPV vaccine, indicating awareness needs to be improved.
Hysterectomy for benign conditions in a university hospital inTariq Mohammed
This document summarizes a study examining hysterectomies performed at a university hospital in Saudi Arabia between 1990-2002. A total of 251 hysterectomies were reviewed. The most common indications were uterine fibroids (42%) and dysfunctional uterine bleeding (27%). Abdominal hysterectomy accounted for 79% of cases and vaginal hysterectomy 21%. Overall complication rates were 33.5% for abdominal, 15.4% for vaginal, and 30.4% for both. The most common complications were blood transfusion (7.2%) and postoperative infection (18.7%). Rates of complications were similar to other international studies.
The decision to delivery interval in emergency and nonTariq Mohammed
This study assessed the decision to delivery interval (DDI) for emergency and non-urgent cesarean sections at King Abdulaziz University Hospital in Saudi Arabia. The study analyzed 213 cesarean sections from January to June 2008. The median DDI was 62.5 minutes for non-urgent sections and 41 minutes for emergency sections, below the recommended 30 minutes. For emergency sections, 30.6% had a DDI under 30 minutes. No correlation was found between DDI and infant Apgar scores. The study concludes that achieving the 30 minute standard for emergency sections remains important to reduce maternal anxiety, though may not impact infant outcomes.
This study examined 114 pregnancies in 54 women with non-gynecologic cancer at a hospital in Saudi Arabia between 1990-2001. The study divided the pregnancies into two groups: Group I included 18 pregnancies where cancer was active during pregnancy, and Group II included 96 pregnancies where cancer was in remission during pregnancy. The study found that live birth rates were 66.7% for Group I and 87.5% for Group II, with a statistically significant difference between the groups. It also found 3 maternal deaths in Group I but no deaths in Group II. The most common cancers were thyroid and breast cancer. The study concluded that active cancer during pregnancy carries higher risks of adverse maternal and fetal outcomes compared to pregnancy
Molecular tests to detect human papillomavirusTariq Mohammed
This document discusses a study that tested cervical biopsy samples from 45 Saudi women for human papillomavirus (HPV) using the Hybrid Capture 2 technique. The samples came from women with cervical dysplasia or invasive cervical cancer. The study found HPV was present in 47.4% of samples overall, with higher rates in invasive cancer samples (61.9%) than cervical dysplasia samples (29.4%). HPV detection can help confirm that HPV contributes to cervical cancer in Saudi Arabia, though rates appear to be lower than other parts of the world. The study aims to better understand the HPV subtypes present in cervical abnormalities in the Saudi population.
This document summarizes stem cell research projects conducted by Dr. Mohammad Abbas at King Abdulaziz University. It outlines 5 research groups: 1) Isolation and characterization of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells from osteoarthritis patients, 2) Effect of heat shock on bone marrow MSCs from OA patients, 3) Evaluation of ex-vivo cartilage regeneration using MSCs from OA patients, 4) Impact of MSCs impregnated with cartilage paste on repairing cartilage defects in rabbits, and 5) Impact of a hyaluronic acid scaffold impregnated with MSCs and cartilage paste on surgically induced arthritis in rabbits. Additional research includes studies on the effects of catecholamines and NSAIDs
This document outlines the establishment of a stem cell research chair at King Abdulaziz University from 2009-2015. It begins with the author attending a knee surgery course in 2009 where he learned about cartilage regeneration techniques. He then proposed creating a research chair to RACI in 2010, which involved a lengthy approval process. He built up a research team of professors and clinicians from various specialties. Research projects focused on isolating and characterizing mesenchymal stem cells, cartilage regeneration, and animal studies on rabbits. The chair fulfilled regulatory requirements like submitting annual reports and had an organizational structure to oversee the research groups.
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) and cartilage fragments were evaluated for their ability to enhance cartilage formation in an ex-vivo osteochondral defect model. BM-MSCs alone, cartilage fragments alone, or a combination of BM-MSCs and cartilage fragments were seeded into osteochondral defects. The combination of BM-MSCs and cartilage fragments showed improved cartilage formation and defect filling compared to BM-MSCs or cartilage fragments alone, as seen on histological and biochemical analysis. The results suggest that a combination of BM-MSCs and cartilage fragments may provide a more effective approach for cartilage repair.
The document describes a study that used whole-exome sequencing to identify novel genetic variations associated with osteoarthritis (OA) patients. Several variations were found in genes involved in cartilage development, extracellular matrix organization, and inflammatory/immune responses. Two novel mutations were validated by Sanger sequencing, including a mutation in the SELP gene and another in the COL6A6 gene. The approach identified variations in genes impacting pathways relevant to OA pathogenesis.
This study investigated the effects of heat from an arthroscope on human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBMMSCs). hBMMSCs were isolated from osteoarthritis patients and exposed to heat from an illuminated arthroscope for various time periods as single cell suspensions or cell pellets. Cell suspensions exposed to heat showed decreased viability over time, while cell pellets maintained or increased viability. Gene expression analysis found increased expression of heat shock and inflammatory genes in cell suspensions compared to pellets after heat exposure. The results suggest that transplanting hBMMSCs as cell pellets may better protect them from heat effects during arthroscopic procedures and thus support cartilage regeneration.
The international federation for cervical pathology and colposcopy courseTariq Mohammed
This document provides an agenda and speaker information for a 3-day international colposcopy workshop taking place in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia from January 12-14, 2014. The workshop will focus on cervical cancer prevention, advances in understanding HPV, and management of lower genital tract diseases. It will include lectures, hands-on training, and case reviews led by experts from Europe, Canada, and Saudi Arabia. The goal is to train participants and raise awareness of cervical cancer screening and prevention methods.
The international federation for cervical pathology and colposcopy courseTariq Mohammed
This document summarizes the stages of human development from dust, to sperm and egg, to embryo, to fetus, and finally to a child that reaches maturity. It notes that some people die early while others live to a very old age, having gone through the full cycle of knowledge and then forgetting. It also describes how the earth appears barren but grows diverse plants when watered, relating this to human development from simple beginnings. The summary conveys the key points about human origins and development and the cycle of life in a concise three sentences.
The international federation for cervical pathology and colposcopy courseTariq Mohammed
The document discusses how God created humans from dust, then a sperm-drop, then a clinging clot, and then a lump of flesh to show how He develops humans. It notes that God determines the term people will stay in the womb, then brings them out as children to reach maturity. It also mentions that some people die early while others live to a very old age. The document ends by describing how the earth appears barren but grows beautiful plants when watered.
This document discusses treatment approaches for early stage cervical cancer. It notes that for invasive cervical cancers measuring less than 2 cm, removal of the parametrium may be omitted. For some very small tumors, pelvic lymphadenectomy can also be omitted as the risk of lymph node metastasis is limited. It also discusses outcomes from vaginal trachelectomy and laparoscopic pelvic lymphadenectomy for early stage cancers. The document considers conservative treatment approaches for stage IA2-IB1 cancers less than 3 cm in size, including a proposed study design stratifying patients based on tumor diameter.
Adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS) is the only known precursor to cervical adenocarcinoma. Appropriate management of AIS can prevent invasive adenocarcinoma in many cases. Cytology has lower sensitivity for detecting AIS compared to HPV testing. The usual interval between detectable AIS and invasive adenocarcinoma is at least 5 years, allowing time for screening and intervention. Glandular neoplasms account for about 25% of annual cervical cancer diagnoses. Management of AIS typically involves conization, though hysterectomy is the standard treatment due to the high risk of residual disease with conization alone. HPV testing can help monitor women with AIS who wish to preserve fertility after
This document discusses vulvar and vaginal diseases. It begins with anatomical considerations of the vulva and describes various benign and infectious vulvar lesions. It then discusses non-neoplastic epithelial disorders of the vulva and classifications of vulvar dermatological disorders. The document provides details on various vulvar diseases including lichen sclerosus and pigmented lesions. It concludes with a brief section on vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia.
This document summarizes key findings about HPV natural history and HPV testing for cervical cancer screening. It was found that HPV infection is very common but rarely leads to cancer. While persistent HPV infection can cause cervical cancer after 10-15 years, many cofactors are also involved in cancer development. Studies showed that HPV becomes undetectable within 2 years for most women. HPV testing was found to detect more pre-cancer than pap smears but also detected more lesions that may regress. HPV testing allows longer screening intervals for HPV-negative women and better protection against cancer compared to pap smears alone. While HPV testing is more effective, implementing new screening strategies poses challenges where pap smear systems are already in place.
1) The document discusses the HPV vaccine and summarizes data from clinical trials of the Cervarix and Gardasil vaccines. It finds that Cervarix demonstrated 93.2% efficacy against CIN3+ lesions irrespective of HPV type, while Gardasil demonstrated 43.0% efficacy against the same endpoint.
2) Long-term follow up data of the Cervarix vaccine showed sustained high antibody levels and protection against CIN3+ lesions up to 9 years post-vaccination. Challenge studies found Cervarix elicited an anamnestic response.
3) Both vaccines were well tolerated and showed cross-protection against non-vaccine HPV types. However, Cervarix demonstrated higher long
4 prof james bently management guidelines 2014Tariq Mohammed
This document provides guidelines for colposcopy management from the IFCCP Jeddah Jan 2014 conference and the ASCCP Management Guidelines 2012 and SOGC SCC Colposcopy Guidelines 2012. It discusses recommendations and algorithms for evaluating and managing various abnormal cytology results and histological findings identified during colposcopy, including ASCUS, LSIL, ASC-H, HSIL, AGC, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grades, and other conditions. Management may involve repeat testing, colposcopy, biopsy, excisional procedures, or return to routine screening depending on the abnormality, risk level, and other factors.
Genital HPV is very common, with a lifetime risk of 70% for HPV infection and 10% for genital warts. Spontaneously, genital warts resolve in 20-30% of cases within 3 months. Biopsy is usually not required for healthy women under 35 years old with typical genital warts. Treatment choices depend on factors like patient preference, provider experience, and pregnancy status. Combination therapies may be used. Even after treatment, the latent virus remains, with a 30% recurrence rate of warts and potential for transmission to partners.