The document discusses two emerging models of ecosystem protection, preservation, and restoration: game-ranching and community-based natural resource management (CBNRM). It describes how devolving ownership of wildlife to private landowners and indigenous communities in countries like Namibia, South Africa, and Zimbabwe led to millions of hectares being restored through ecological succession. These sustainable use models have been more successful ecologically and economically than top-down regulatory approaches. However, some concerns remain about game ranching and CBNRM programs.
Xingu social carbon program red potential ipam flavia gabriela francatheREDDdesk
The document summarizes the Xingu Social Carbon Program initiative in the Xingu River basin region of Brazil. The program aims to increase coordination between stakeholders to develop a REDD+ program, establish a benefit sharing mechanism, and strengthen Brazil's REDD+ negotiations. It outlines key aspects of the region like deforestation drivers, land tenure issues, governance principles, and a proposed distribution of benefits across three funds dedicated to forest peoples, government projects, and private landowners. The overarching goal is to establish an equitable social carbon program to reduce deforestation and compensate local efforts in the Xingu basin.
This document summarizes the evolution of integrated conservation and development (ICD) interventions in Bwindi Impenetrable National Park in Uganda. It describes how the Batwa people were the first to use the forest for livelihoods until they were displaced. The forest was then exploited for timber until being gazetted as a game reserve and national park. This created conflicts by restricting local access. In response to international conventions in the 1990s, ICD strategies were implemented to involve communities, including controlled resource use, tourism revenue sharing, and alternative livelihoods projects. These aimed to resolve conflicts and link conservation with local economic development.
The document summarizes wildlife and key events in South Sudan. It lists over 1.3 million white-eared kob as the world's second largest wildlife migration. It notes South Sudan gained independence on July 9, 2011 and contains the Boma-Jonglie landscape of 200,000 square kilometers, home to wildlife like kob, tiang, gazelle, elephant, lion, buffalo, giraffe, eland, gemsbok, and bongo. The document also references community development and ecotourism projects targeting the Nuer, Dinka, and Murle people located near oil reserves in South Sudan.
Sustainable Use and the Private Ownership of WildlifeSequitorian
This slide show accompanies my talk on the most significant development in the history of the environmental movement: the change in law in several Southern African countries which gave de-facto ownership of wildlife to landowners - and resulted in a population explosion of many species, including endangered and threatened species.
Keywprds: Environment, Biodiversity, Sustainability, Sustainable use, CBNRM, CAMPFIRE, Bamibia, Africa, Wildlife, Rhino, Hunting
This short document discusses making a decision. It states the number 164 twice, possibly referring to a page or section. The main point is that "We can Decide", suggesting the ability and importance of making choices.
The document discusses community-based natural resource management programs in Southern Africa that have led to positive conservation outcomes. It describes how establishing conservancies in Namibia has allowed communities to cover costs while reducing poaching by making wildlife protection socially acceptable. The document also discusses the loss of local ecological knowledge and traditions that can occur when communities are removed from their lands or subsistence practices change. It provides examples of cattle ranches in South Africa being converted to game ranches, which increases species richness and diversity.
Xingu social carbon program red potential ipam flavia gabriela francatheREDDdesk
The document summarizes the Xingu Social Carbon Program initiative in the Xingu River basin region of Brazil. The program aims to increase coordination between stakeholders to develop a REDD+ program, establish a benefit sharing mechanism, and strengthen Brazil's REDD+ negotiations. It outlines key aspects of the region like deforestation drivers, land tenure issues, governance principles, and a proposed distribution of benefits across three funds dedicated to forest peoples, government projects, and private landowners. The overarching goal is to establish an equitable social carbon program to reduce deforestation and compensate local efforts in the Xingu basin.
This document summarizes the evolution of integrated conservation and development (ICD) interventions in Bwindi Impenetrable National Park in Uganda. It describes how the Batwa people were the first to use the forest for livelihoods until they were displaced. The forest was then exploited for timber until being gazetted as a game reserve and national park. This created conflicts by restricting local access. In response to international conventions in the 1990s, ICD strategies were implemented to involve communities, including controlled resource use, tourism revenue sharing, and alternative livelihoods projects. These aimed to resolve conflicts and link conservation with local economic development.
The document summarizes wildlife and key events in South Sudan. It lists over 1.3 million white-eared kob as the world's second largest wildlife migration. It notes South Sudan gained independence on July 9, 2011 and contains the Boma-Jonglie landscape of 200,000 square kilometers, home to wildlife like kob, tiang, gazelle, elephant, lion, buffalo, giraffe, eland, gemsbok, and bongo. The document also references community development and ecotourism projects targeting the Nuer, Dinka, and Murle people located near oil reserves in South Sudan.
Sustainable Use and the Private Ownership of WildlifeSequitorian
This slide show accompanies my talk on the most significant development in the history of the environmental movement: the change in law in several Southern African countries which gave de-facto ownership of wildlife to landowners - and resulted in a population explosion of many species, including endangered and threatened species.
Keywprds: Environment, Biodiversity, Sustainability, Sustainable use, CBNRM, CAMPFIRE, Bamibia, Africa, Wildlife, Rhino, Hunting
This short document discusses making a decision. It states the number 164 twice, possibly referring to a page or section. The main point is that "We can Decide", suggesting the ability and importance of making choices.
The document discusses community-based natural resource management programs in Southern Africa that have led to positive conservation outcomes. It describes how establishing conservancies in Namibia has allowed communities to cover costs while reducing poaching by making wildlife protection socially acceptable. The document also discusses the loss of local ecological knowledge and traditions that can occur when communities are removed from their lands or subsistence practices change. It provides examples of cattle ranches in South Africa being converted to game ranches, which increases species richness and diversity.
The Management of Protected Areas in Serengeti Ecosystem: A Case Study of Iko...inventy
This document summarizes a study that assessed the management of protected areas in Serengeti ecosystem, using Ikorongo and Grumeti Game Reserves as a case study. The study aimed to identify natural resource management strategies used, examine their impacts and hindrances, and identify ways to improve performance. It found that strategies have successfully reduced poaching by 96% and improved community relations. However, challenges remain like loss of life/property from wildlife conflicts and lack of access to water sources. The study concluded strategies have been fairly sustainable but need more participatory local approaches and benefit sharing to achieve collaborative management across the ecosystem. It recommended solutions like equitable benefit sharing, more funding, non-lethal deterrents, and strengthened
Taking the long view USAID, USFS, USGS investment in smallholder and communit...CIFOR-ICRAF
Jordan Kimball, Scott Bode, Nicodème Tchamou, Boubacar Thiam, Diane Russell, Gray Tappan and Dan Whyner with inspiration from Tim Resch and Mike McGahuey
Taking Stock of Smallholder and Community Forestry Montpellier, 24-26 March 2010
Edmund Barrow, et al.:Governments are Decentralizing Responsibility for Fores...Sahel_BeyondForestryLaws
The document discusses whether rural communities in Africa are able to take on management responsibilities for forests as governments decentralize control. It argues that while secure land tenure rights are important, rural people also need greater equity, ability to organize rules and sanctions, ability to negotiate as equals, process and add value to forest products, and competitively enter markets. The presentation will summarize findings on forest ownership in Africa and conditions needed for communities to manage forests sustainably.
Presented by Mohammed Said, Philip Osano, Jan de Leeuw, Shem Kifugo, Dickson Kaelo, Claire Bedelian and Caroline Bosire at the Workshop on Enabling Livestock Based Economies in Kenya to Adapt to Climate Change: A Review of PES from Wildlife Tourism as a Climate Change Adaptation Option, ILRI, Nairobi, 15 February 2012
The Kitengela Wildlife Lease Programme aims to conserve wildlife habitats around Nairobi National Park by leasing land from local owners. It began in 2000 with 18 landowners leasing 704 acres in exchange for annual payments of 300 Kenyan shillings per acre. Now 148 landowners lease their land through the programme. However, the payment per acre is low compared to rising land values in the area, and uncontrolled subdivision and development still threaten wildlife habitats due to a lack of land use planning. The programme provides an alternative income for landowners but faces sustainability challenges from these issues.
Belair National Park - Plan of ManagementPaul Boundy
This is an educational exercise on plans of management. The presi is designed to accompany a verbal presentation and thus loses it shine without my words giving the backstory.
It was interesting to note the large number of recreational uses of the park that many of us would not generally associate with a national park.
The document summarizes a landscape restoration project in Doi Mae Salong, Thailand. It describes the location, land uses, threats, stakeholders and goals of the project. The project uses a participatory approach to land use planning and restoration, negotiating with local communities to avoid reforesting agricultural lands. Activities include planting over 800,000 trees, agroforestry demonstrations, improving irrigation and promoting ecotourism to reduce poverty and support sustainable land management. The overall goal is to improve forests, water, food, income and livelihoods through an integrated, multi-stakeholder approach.
Living with Wildlife Across Large Landscapes with Complicated Jurisdictions-G...Kepa2014
This document discusses approaches to large-scale conservation across landscapes and international borders. It provides examples from around the world of establishing protected areas and ecological connectivity to support wide-ranging species. Specific cases discussed include creating parks and protecting gorilla habitat in the Congo Basin, maintaining habitat and migration corridors for wolves and pronghorn in Yellowstone and the Upper Green River Basin, and modeling wolverine habitat needs at appropriate scales for management. The document advocates for the ecological recovery of bison in North America through establishing multiple large free-ranging herds across their historic habitats and ecosystems in order to restore ecological processes at continental scales.
Status of large mammals: case study of gorilla (Gorilla gorilla diehi), chimp...IJEAB
This study entitled status of large mammals: case study of gorilla, chimpanzee and buffalo, was carried out in the Black Bush Area of Waindow (BBAW), Menchum South, NW Cameroon from January-March, 2014. The general objective was to determine the status of large mammal’s species and to investigate the presence of gorilla, chimpanzees and buffalo reported by the indigenous people in order to contribute to the conservation of these species in the region. The recce- survey method was used for species inventory whereby direct and indirect observations of bio-indicators of these species and human signs were recorded. From the result, the encounter rates of buffalo and chimpanzee were 0.35 and 0.26 signs per km respectively with no gorilla sign observed. Spatial distribution maps revealed great concentration of these species in the northern zone. Hunting recorded the highest encounter rate of 0.42 signs per km of anthropogenic activities. As such, one could deduce that the pressures exacerbated on these animals due to human activities and encroachment by Nigeria traders, and grazers placed the remaining species under intense threat of disappearing within the study areas. It is therefore necessary to intensify conservation efforts so as to urgently address these species concerns.
Trophy hunting provides socioeconomic benefits to local communities in Gilgit Baltistan. Communities receive 80% of hunting fees, amounting to hundreds of thousands of dollars annually. This funding has supported schools, clinics, hostels, and water infrastructure projects. Since establishing community-based trophy hunting programs in the late 1980s, the populations of markhor, ibex, and blue sheep have increased. Local people have also grown more aware of conservation needs and rely on sustainable wildlife management for tourism revenue and employment. Ensuring community inclusion in management and fair permit allocation can further aid conservation and development goals.
The document discusses legal and institutional frameworks for managing threats to biodiversity in the Middle Zambezi Biosphere Reserve in Zimbabwe. It outlines various threats such as poaching, invasive species, deforestation, and more. It then analyzes relevant international agreements, national policies, and laws related to natural resource management. However, many countries like Zimbabwe have not enacted specific legislation for biosphere reserves and rely on existing frameworks. The presentation evaluates how well these address threats and support sustainable wildlife management in the biosphere reserve.
This document discusses biodiversity conservation strategies in India. It outlines in-situ conservation methods like protecting habitats in national parks, wildlife sanctuaries, biosphere reserves, and tiger reserves. Ex-situ conservation methods include botanical gardens and gene banks. The key objectives of the Convention on Biological Diversity are the conservation of biodiversity, sustainable use of its components, and fair sharing of benefits from genetic resources.
This document discusses biodiversity conservation through the establishment of protected areas like national parks, wildlife refuges, biosphere reserves, and conservation corridors. It explains that national parks protect natural landscapes and species while prohibiting activities like grazing and cultivation. Wildlife refuges provide sanctuary for species from threats. Biosphere reserves integrate biodiversity conservation with sustainable development and include core protected zones surrounded by buffer and transition areas where limited human activities are permitted. Conservation corridors help share genetic information between protected populations.
Spatial distribution and species abundance area of Non Timber Forest Products...AI Publications
This document examines the spatial distribution and species abundance of non-timber forest products (NTFPs) in Mount Cameroon National Park and surrounding forest zones. Key findings include:
1) The most widely distributed NTFP species across the four clusters studied were plum, njangsa, bush pepper, bush mango, bitter kola, pygeum, eru, and bush onion.
2) Analysis of species abundance areas showed that most NTFP species were located in abundance in Mount Cameroon National Park, farmlands, and community forests.
3) It is recommended that more ecological and livelihood data on NTFPs be collected regularly to monitor changes in their management
Conservation and use of wildlife: the bushmeat crisisRobert Nasi
This document summarizes a presentation on the bushmeat crisis in Central Africa. It notes that the annual bushmeat harvest in Central Africa may exceed 2 million tonnes, equivalent to over 1.3 billion chickens or 2.5 million cows. Wildlife provides important ecological, economic and cultural benefits but is threatened by unsustainable hunting for local consumption and commercial trade. Factors driving overexploitation include poverty, population growth, commercialization of the wildlife trade, and habitat loss. Lessons indicate there are no simple solutions and that livelihood issues must be addressed alongside biological concerns. Successful management approaches have included game ranching, community-based programs, and new monitoring methods using technology and participatory research.
The struggle for access to forest justice in India: The Forest Rights Act 200...CIFOR-ICRAF
Presentation in Taking stock of smallholder and community forestry workshop
at session Smallholder and community forestry in South and Southeast Asia
by Oliver Springate-Baginski and Madhu Sarin
24-26 March 2010
Montpellier, France
The document provides an overview of a presentation on the Wildlife (Protection) Act of 1972 in India. It discusses key aspects of the act such as its objectives to conserve wildlife habitat and protected species. It outlines national and state-level protected areas and species. It also summarizes provisions regarding offenses against wildlife, penalties, and rules framed under the act regarding licensing and management of protected areas and species. The presentation discusses the constitutional context and amendments of the act over time to strengthen wildlife conservation in India.
The Management of Protected Areas in Serengeti Ecosystem: A Case Study of Iko...inventy
This document summarizes a study that assessed the management of protected areas in Serengeti ecosystem, using Ikorongo and Grumeti Game Reserves as a case study. The study aimed to identify natural resource management strategies used, examine their impacts and hindrances, and identify ways to improve performance. It found that strategies have successfully reduced poaching by 96% and improved community relations. However, challenges remain like loss of life/property from wildlife conflicts and lack of access to water sources. The study concluded strategies have been fairly sustainable but need more participatory local approaches and benefit sharing to achieve collaborative management across the ecosystem. It recommended solutions like equitable benefit sharing, more funding, non-lethal deterrents, and strengthened
Taking the long view USAID, USFS, USGS investment in smallholder and communit...CIFOR-ICRAF
Jordan Kimball, Scott Bode, Nicodème Tchamou, Boubacar Thiam, Diane Russell, Gray Tappan and Dan Whyner with inspiration from Tim Resch and Mike McGahuey
Taking Stock of Smallholder and Community Forestry Montpellier, 24-26 March 2010
Edmund Barrow, et al.:Governments are Decentralizing Responsibility for Fores...Sahel_BeyondForestryLaws
The document discusses whether rural communities in Africa are able to take on management responsibilities for forests as governments decentralize control. It argues that while secure land tenure rights are important, rural people also need greater equity, ability to organize rules and sanctions, ability to negotiate as equals, process and add value to forest products, and competitively enter markets. The presentation will summarize findings on forest ownership in Africa and conditions needed for communities to manage forests sustainably.
Presented by Mohammed Said, Philip Osano, Jan de Leeuw, Shem Kifugo, Dickson Kaelo, Claire Bedelian and Caroline Bosire at the Workshop on Enabling Livestock Based Economies in Kenya to Adapt to Climate Change: A Review of PES from Wildlife Tourism as a Climate Change Adaptation Option, ILRI, Nairobi, 15 February 2012
The Kitengela Wildlife Lease Programme aims to conserve wildlife habitats around Nairobi National Park by leasing land from local owners. It began in 2000 with 18 landowners leasing 704 acres in exchange for annual payments of 300 Kenyan shillings per acre. Now 148 landowners lease their land through the programme. However, the payment per acre is low compared to rising land values in the area, and uncontrolled subdivision and development still threaten wildlife habitats due to a lack of land use planning. The programme provides an alternative income for landowners but faces sustainability challenges from these issues.
Belair National Park - Plan of ManagementPaul Boundy
This is an educational exercise on plans of management. The presi is designed to accompany a verbal presentation and thus loses it shine without my words giving the backstory.
It was interesting to note the large number of recreational uses of the park that many of us would not generally associate with a national park.
The document summarizes a landscape restoration project in Doi Mae Salong, Thailand. It describes the location, land uses, threats, stakeholders and goals of the project. The project uses a participatory approach to land use planning and restoration, negotiating with local communities to avoid reforesting agricultural lands. Activities include planting over 800,000 trees, agroforestry demonstrations, improving irrigation and promoting ecotourism to reduce poverty and support sustainable land management. The overall goal is to improve forests, water, food, income and livelihoods through an integrated, multi-stakeholder approach.
Living with Wildlife Across Large Landscapes with Complicated Jurisdictions-G...Kepa2014
This document discusses approaches to large-scale conservation across landscapes and international borders. It provides examples from around the world of establishing protected areas and ecological connectivity to support wide-ranging species. Specific cases discussed include creating parks and protecting gorilla habitat in the Congo Basin, maintaining habitat and migration corridors for wolves and pronghorn in Yellowstone and the Upper Green River Basin, and modeling wolverine habitat needs at appropriate scales for management. The document advocates for the ecological recovery of bison in North America through establishing multiple large free-ranging herds across their historic habitats and ecosystems in order to restore ecological processes at continental scales.
Status of large mammals: case study of gorilla (Gorilla gorilla diehi), chimp...IJEAB
This study entitled status of large mammals: case study of gorilla, chimpanzee and buffalo, was carried out in the Black Bush Area of Waindow (BBAW), Menchum South, NW Cameroon from January-March, 2014. The general objective was to determine the status of large mammal’s species and to investigate the presence of gorilla, chimpanzees and buffalo reported by the indigenous people in order to contribute to the conservation of these species in the region. The recce- survey method was used for species inventory whereby direct and indirect observations of bio-indicators of these species and human signs were recorded. From the result, the encounter rates of buffalo and chimpanzee were 0.35 and 0.26 signs per km respectively with no gorilla sign observed. Spatial distribution maps revealed great concentration of these species in the northern zone. Hunting recorded the highest encounter rate of 0.42 signs per km of anthropogenic activities. As such, one could deduce that the pressures exacerbated on these animals due to human activities and encroachment by Nigeria traders, and grazers placed the remaining species under intense threat of disappearing within the study areas. It is therefore necessary to intensify conservation efforts so as to urgently address these species concerns.
Trophy hunting provides socioeconomic benefits to local communities in Gilgit Baltistan. Communities receive 80% of hunting fees, amounting to hundreds of thousands of dollars annually. This funding has supported schools, clinics, hostels, and water infrastructure projects. Since establishing community-based trophy hunting programs in the late 1980s, the populations of markhor, ibex, and blue sheep have increased. Local people have also grown more aware of conservation needs and rely on sustainable wildlife management for tourism revenue and employment. Ensuring community inclusion in management and fair permit allocation can further aid conservation and development goals.
The document discusses legal and institutional frameworks for managing threats to biodiversity in the Middle Zambezi Biosphere Reserve in Zimbabwe. It outlines various threats such as poaching, invasive species, deforestation, and more. It then analyzes relevant international agreements, national policies, and laws related to natural resource management. However, many countries like Zimbabwe have not enacted specific legislation for biosphere reserves and rely on existing frameworks. The presentation evaluates how well these address threats and support sustainable wildlife management in the biosphere reserve.
This document discusses biodiversity conservation strategies in India. It outlines in-situ conservation methods like protecting habitats in national parks, wildlife sanctuaries, biosphere reserves, and tiger reserves. Ex-situ conservation methods include botanical gardens and gene banks. The key objectives of the Convention on Biological Diversity are the conservation of biodiversity, sustainable use of its components, and fair sharing of benefits from genetic resources.
This document discusses biodiversity conservation through the establishment of protected areas like national parks, wildlife refuges, biosphere reserves, and conservation corridors. It explains that national parks protect natural landscapes and species while prohibiting activities like grazing and cultivation. Wildlife refuges provide sanctuary for species from threats. Biosphere reserves integrate biodiversity conservation with sustainable development and include core protected zones surrounded by buffer and transition areas where limited human activities are permitted. Conservation corridors help share genetic information between protected populations.
Spatial distribution and species abundance area of Non Timber Forest Products...AI Publications
This document examines the spatial distribution and species abundance of non-timber forest products (NTFPs) in Mount Cameroon National Park and surrounding forest zones. Key findings include:
1) The most widely distributed NTFP species across the four clusters studied were plum, njangsa, bush pepper, bush mango, bitter kola, pygeum, eru, and bush onion.
2) Analysis of species abundance areas showed that most NTFP species were located in abundance in Mount Cameroon National Park, farmlands, and community forests.
3) It is recommended that more ecological and livelihood data on NTFPs be collected regularly to monitor changes in their management
Conservation and use of wildlife: the bushmeat crisisRobert Nasi
This document summarizes a presentation on the bushmeat crisis in Central Africa. It notes that the annual bushmeat harvest in Central Africa may exceed 2 million tonnes, equivalent to over 1.3 billion chickens or 2.5 million cows. Wildlife provides important ecological, economic and cultural benefits but is threatened by unsustainable hunting for local consumption and commercial trade. Factors driving overexploitation include poverty, population growth, commercialization of the wildlife trade, and habitat loss. Lessons indicate there are no simple solutions and that livelihood issues must be addressed alongside biological concerns. Successful management approaches have included game ranching, community-based programs, and new monitoring methods using technology and participatory research.
The struggle for access to forest justice in India: The Forest Rights Act 200...CIFOR-ICRAF
Presentation in Taking stock of smallholder and community forestry workshop
at session Smallholder and community forestry in South and Southeast Asia
by Oliver Springate-Baginski and Madhu Sarin
24-26 March 2010
Montpellier, France
The document provides an overview of a presentation on the Wildlife (Protection) Act of 1972 in India. It discusses key aspects of the act such as its objectives to conserve wildlife habitat and protected species. It outlines national and state-level protected areas and species. It also summarizes provisions regarding offenses against wildlife, penalties, and rules framed under the act regarding licensing and management of protected areas and species. The presentation discusses the constitutional context and amendments of the act over time to strengthen wildlife conservation in India.
1. EcoSummit 2012
Ecological Sustainability
Restoring the Planet’s Ecosystem Services
Ecological Economics & Environmental Policy
General Session 08 Presenting Author: Steve Gluck
Harvard University
2. Game-Ranching
and
Community-Based-Natural-Resource-Management
3. Game-Ranching
and
Community-Based-Natural-Resource-Management
Two Emerging Models
of
Ecosystem Protection, Preservation and Restoration
… an overview
4. In 1967, the Government of Namibia (then German Southwest Africa)
reinterpreted its conservation law, giving de-facto ownership of wildlife over
to landholders, the then mostly-white farmers and ranchers. Whereas, prior
to that, wildlife had been a liability, private-ownership allowed land-holders
to profit from the wildlife on their lands, initially by selling hunting rights to
friends and neighbors, later to foreign trophy-hunters.
The additional income became so significant that many of the landholders
began converting their crop-farms or cattle-ranches into hunting-ranches.
Zimbabwe (then Rhodesia) had been experimenting along the same lines.
These new models were so successful, both ecologically and economically,
that South Africa enacted similar legislation, and a revolution in game-
ranching began.
5. Over the next few decades, some 20 million hectares of South African farm
and ranch-land were given over to wildlife, an area equivalent to the entire
national park system of the United States. Much of that land was restored to
virtually complete biodiversity via normal ecological succession and began
providing all of ecosystem services previously eliminated by the ecologically
disruptive farming and ranching practices.
Later, it was recognized that Indigenous Peoples and other rural tribal
communities might also benefit from the wildlife on their lands, and another
model, also based upon private-ownership and the sustainable-use, was
implemented. Thus began the Community-Based-Natural-Resource-
Management (CBNRM) programs, with similar beneficial results.
10. The Protection Paradigm
189 Geer v. Connecticut (Public Trust Doctrine)
6
190 1st Federal Law Protecting
Lacey Act
0 Game
197 Endangered Species National Park (USA)
1872 Yellowstone
Endangered Species Protection
3 Act
Kruger National Park (South
1926
Africa)
1967 Kenya Bans Hunting
IUCN (1948), WWF (1961), UNEP (1972), CITES (1975), TRAFFIC (1976)
12. Private Ownership of Wildlife
Wildlife Conservation Act (1960)
Zimbabwe
Rhodesia Parks and Wildlife Act (1975)
Nature Conservation Ordinances (1967 &
Namibia
1975)
South
Certificate of Adequate Enclosure Law (1984)
Africa
Devolved Wildlife Ownership Rights to Landholders
25. Southern White Rhino Population in 1896 ~> 20
Hluhluwe-Umfolozi
Southern White Rhino
Ceratotherium Simum Simum
Tholo Game Ranch
Ghanzi District, Botswana Photo by Gluck
28. cbnr
m
Community-Based
Natural-Resource-
Management
29. Community-Based-Natural-Resource-
Management
1990 Namibia Independence
N 1996 Namibia Nature Conservation Amendment Act of 1996
a
m 1998 1st Communal Conservancy, Torra Conservancy created.
1980 Zimbabwe Independence
Z 1980 WINDFALL (Wildlife Industries New Development for All)
i
m CAMPFIRE (Community Areas Management Programme
1989
for Indigenous Resources)
Devolved Wildlife Ownership Rights to Indigenous Peoples
IUCN Institutes Category System for Protected Areas
1994 Category VI: Protected Area with Sustainable Use of Natural Resources
39. camPfire Zimbabwe
Community Areas Management Programme for Indigenous Resources
90% of the revenues which accrue to the CAMPFIRE wards is from Trophy-Hunting
Allocation of Revenue from CAMPFIRE Wildlife (1989-2006 US$)
Disbursed to Communities Management, etc. Total
Total … $20,856,202 $20,570,322 $41,426,524
Pct (%) ... 50.30% 49.70% 100%
Between 1984 and 2000, numbers of wildlife in Zimbabwe quadrupled.
Source: USAID-COPASSA (2010)
45. Cattle to Game Ranch Greater Species Richness
Conversion Greater Species Diversity
Photos & Analysis Courtesy of
Ekofocus Game Ranch Services
46.
47.
48.
49. World Database on Protected Areas: (planning to include) privately owned
& managed protected areas, even where these do not have legal protection
IUCN (World Conservation Union) Governance Categories
Type C: Private Governance: (including) not-for-profit or for-profit schemes
Type D: Governance by indigenous peoples and communities.
Convention on Biological Diversity
Strategic Plan for Biodiversity (Aichi Biodiversity Targets)
The Addis Ababa Principles & Guidelines for Sustainable Use of Biodiversity
Society for Ecological Restoration
Guidelines for Developing and Managing Ecological Restoration Projects