The economy of Iran is dominated by oil and gas production. Services account for over half of GDP, followed by oil exports. Inflation has averaged over 14% since 1957. Sanctions have had severe negative impacts, cutting oil exports in half and costing $50-60 billion annually. The economy shows development, ranked high in human development, but faces issues of unemployment, inflation, and a lack of investment.
Overview of Iran’s Economy & Investment opportunities in IranHussein Nowruzi
This document provides an overview of investment opportunities in Iran's economy across several sectors, including oil and gas, petrochemicals, mining, electricity, tourism, transportation, and urban infrastructure. It notes Iran's large proven reserves and potential for growth in oil, gas, mining and electricity production. It also highlights opportunities for foreign investment and technology transfer in developing Iran's infrastructure and sectors like petrochemicals, tourism accommodation, and transportation. The document contains statistics on Iran's economy, trade, energy resources, engineering graduates and consumer market to support the case for investment opportunities.
The document provides information on Iran's geography, demography, and economic opportunities for investment and trade after sanctions. It summarizes that Iran is located in Western Asia, bordering several countries, and has a population of around 80 million people concentrated mostly in Tehran. It also notes that many economic sectors are now open for foreign investment and trade after sanctions, including opportunities in oil/gas, manufacturing, infrastructure projects, and export of Iranian goods to other countries.
Foreign trade and its importance in the economy of Iran in the international ...Private
Iran is one of the world’s most closely watched nations as a historical entity, about 2.500 years ago, of the Achaemenids Dynasty (559 to 330 BC) period.
The Islamic Republic of Iran (denomination after the revolution in 1979), also know as Persia territory, as historical entity and despite political, religious, and historic dimensions of the society, Iranians maintain a deep connection to their past.
The Iran’s economy is a mirror of the International Community nowadays. Economic policies and decision-making process in economic terms are guests from the international sanctions, particularly the unilateral sanctions from United States of America, which accuse Iran of supporting international terrorism and maintain the nuclear programme as global weapons.
Kinzer et al. (2005: 61) wrote about the impact of sanctions against countries, he said “this isolation has hampered the short and long term growth of its markets, restricted the country´s access to high technology, and impeded foreign investment”.
A form of foreign pressure, sanctions are typically meant to alter the policies of other countries. There is much pessimism on whether they ever work.
The main question, related with this working paper, and we should do is how Iran can trade in the economic global arena, in the contemporary global markets in the sanctions context? Can we found true economic policies in this context and with the contemporary conservative politicians, with the leadership of Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, since 2005? Can the economic sanctions destabilize the Iran government, the target of the International Community? Understand the political economy, especially the foreign trade and the impact of the international sanctions in the economy of Iran is the purpose of this paper, with special focus on the United States sanctions, in the line of Marinov (2005).
We using the electronic database of The World Factbook published by Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), The Statistical Centre of Iran, World Trade Organization, United Nations and European Union, and a qualitative research based in published academic work until 2003.
Key-words: International community; International sanctions; Impacts; Foreign trade; Iran;
Iran is a middle eastern country with a mixed economy dominated by oil and gas production. It has the fourth largest oil reserves and second largest gas reserves in the world. The economy relies heavily on oil exports. Major industries include petrochemicals, construction materials, food processing, and metals fabrication. Iran follows a presidential democracy and theocratic system guided by Islamic ideology and values as outlined in its constitution.
Iran's Revival : What Will Your Strategy Be?Solidiance
On January 16th 2016, the 37 years of successive sanctions against Iran was lifted. Iran is currently home to 1.5% of the global GDP and is the 18th largest economy in the world, presenting itself as a strong business-case for significant Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). For the Iranian government, this means an immediate access to USD 150 billion in frozen assets, and an opportunity to rebuild the country’s industrialized economy. For businesses, the most immediate and significant sanctions to be lifted against Iran are the financial sanctions that have barred the country from playing in the global financial markets. This white paper provides a review of the Iranian economy, comparing it to lucrative emerging markets in the Middle East and Asia such as Turkey, Thailand, Indonesia, and Malaysia, while also highlighting investment opportunities and risks in Iran today.
The world reacted with relief and excitement to the signature on 14 July 2015 of the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) by Iran, China, France, Russia, United Kingdom, United States, Germany and the European Union. Iranians took to the streets of Tehran to celebrate the end to their isolation whilst executives around the globe toasted this game-changing breakthrough. On 13 October the Iranian parliament approved the JCPOA and it was adopted by the UN Security Council on 18 October. Under this historic agreement the UN, US and EU sanctions that have paralyzed Iran for years will begin to be relaxed once there is an International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) verified implementation of agreed nuclear-related measures...
1) Iran has significant oil and gas reserves but faces political risks and economic challenges due to sanctions.
2) Domestic consumption of fuel in Iran has risen dramatically due to subsidies but recent reforms are helping to reduce consumption.
3) The Bandar Abbas oil refinery is an important refinery in Iran but faces international competition and planned expansions.
Economic Analysis of Islamic Republic of IranSheikh_Rehmat
Done as a part of College assignment. This is the question -
A) Selection of a Country as discussed.
B) Complete study on the Economic parameters of the country with focus on a Member of Trading Blocks with Trade barriers in place.
C) International Trade Statistics ( Export & Import items)
D) Comparative or Competitive advantages they have in producing commodities.
E)History on being member of WTO/IMF/World bank etc.
Based on the above select a commodity or service you would like to import/export in India from the country in question and the steps to be undertaken to be successful
in this activity including marketing.
Overview of Iran’s Economy & Investment opportunities in IranHussein Nowruzi
This document provides an overview of investment opportunities in Iran's economy across several sectors, including oil and gas, petrochemicals, mining, electricity, tourism, transportation, and urban infrastructure. It notes Iran's large proven reserves and potential for growth in oil, gas, mining and electricity production. It also highlights opportunities for foreign investment and technology transfer in developing Iran's infrastructure and sectors like petrochemicals, tourism accommodation, and transportation. The document contains statistics on Iran's economy, trade, energy resources, engineering graduates and consumer market to support the case for investment opportunities.
The document provides information on Iran's geography, demography, and economic opportunities for investment and trade after sanctions. It summarizes that Iran is located in Western Asia, bordering several countries, and has a population of around 80 million people concentrated mostly in Tehran. It also notes that many economic sectors are now open for foreign investment and trade after sanctions, including opportunities in oil/gas, manufacturing, infrastructure projects, and export of Iranian goods to other countries.
Foreign trade and its importance in the economy of Iran in the international ...Private
Iran is one of the world’s most closely watched nations as a historical entity, about 2.500 years ago, of the Achaemenids Dynasty (559 to 330 BC) period.
The Islamic Republic of Iran (denomination after the revolution in 1979), also know as Persia territory, as historical entity and despite political, religious, and historic dimensions of the society, Iranians maintain a deep connection to their past.
The Iran’s economy is a mirror of the International Community nowadays. Economic policies and decision-making process in economic terms are guests from the international sanctions, particularly the unilateral sanctions from United States of America, which accuse Iran of supporting international terrorism and maintain the nuclear programme as global weapons.
Kinzer et al. (2005: 61) wrote about the impact of sanctions against countries, he said “this isolation has hampered the short and long term growth of its markets, restricted the country´s access to high technology, and impeded foreign investment”.
A form of foreign pressure, sanctions are typically meant to alter the policies of other countries. There is much pessimism on whether they ever work.
The main question, related with this working paper, and we should do is how Iran can trade in the economic global arena, in the contemporary global markets in the sanctions context? Can we found true economic policies in this context and with the contemporary conservative politicians, with the leadership of Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, since 2005? Can the economic sanctions destabilize the Iran government, the target of the International Community? Understand the political economy, especially the foreign trade and the impact of the international sanctions in the economy of Iran is the purpose of this paper, with special focus on the United States sanctions, in the line of Marinov (2005).
We using the electronic database of The World Factbook published by Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), The Statistical Centre of Iran, World Trade Organization, United Nations and European Union, and a qualitative research based in published academic work until 2003.
Key-words: International community; International sanctions; Impacts; Foreign trade; Iran;
Iran is a middle eastern country with a mixed economy dominated by oil and gas production. It has the fourth largest oil reserves and second largest gas reserves in the world. The economy relies heavily on oil exports. Major industries include petrochemicals, construction materials, food processing, and metals fabrication. Iran follows a presidential democracy and theocratic system guided by Islamic ideology and values as outlined in its constitution.
Iran's Revival : What Will Your Strategy Be?Solidiance
On January 16th 2016, the 37 years of successive sanctions against Iran was lifted. Iran is currently home to 1.5% of the global GDP and is the 18th largest economy in the world, presenting itself as a strong business-case for significant Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). For the Iranian government, this means an immediate access to USD 150 billion in frozen assets, and an opportunity to rebuild the country’s industrialized economy. For businesses, the most immediate and significant sanctions to be lifted against Iran are the financial sanctions that have barred the country from playing in the global financial markets. This white paper provides a review of the Iranian economy, comparing it to lucrative emerging markets in the Middle East and Asia such as Turkey, Thailand, Indonesia, and Malaysia, while also highlighting investment opportunities and risks in Iran today.
The world reacted with relief and excitement to the signature on 14 July 2015 of the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) by Iran, China, France, Russia, United Kingdom, United States, Germany and the European Union. Iranians took to the streets of Tehran to celebrate the end to their isolation whilst executives around the globe toasted this game-changing breakthrough. On 13 October the Iranian parliament approved the JCPOA and it was adopted by the UN Security Council on 18 October. Under this historic agreement the UN, US and EU sanctions that have paralyzed Iran for years will begin to be relaxed once there is an International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) verified implementation of agreed nuclear-related measures...
1) Iran has significant oil and gas reserves but faces political risks and economic challenges due to sanctions.
2) Domestic consumption of fuel in Iran has risen dramatically due to subsidies but recent reforms are helping to reduce consumption.
3) The Bandar Abbas oil refinery is an important refinery in Iran but faces international competition and planned expansions.
Economic Analysis of Islamic Republic of IranSheikh_Rehmat
Done as a part of College assignment. This is the question -
A) Selection of a Country as discussed.
B) Complete study on the Economic parameters of the country with focus on a Member of Trading Blocks with Trade barriers in place.
C) International Trade Statistics ( Export & Import items)
D) Comparative or Competitive advantages they have in producing commodities.
E)History on being member of WTO/IMF/World bank etc.
Based on the above select a commodity or service you would like to import/export in India from the country in question and the steps to be undertaken to be successful
in this activity including marketing.
This document provides an overview of Iran's economy and international trade. It notes that Iran has a statist economy dominated by the state sector and oil exports, which creates inefficiencies. In recent years the government has tried to reduce subsidies and implement economic reforms with mixed success. Sanctions have significantly reduced Iran's oil revenue and GDP growth turned negative in 2012 for the first time in decades. However, the WTO report praised Iran's non-oil export growth which increased over 500% between 2005-2011, with major exports including petrochemicals and minerals.
Ipsos Business Consulting - Iran - A New El DoradoThomas Mathews
The document discusses the investment opportunities in Iran following the lifting of economic sanctions. It describes how sanctions crippled Iran's economy but led to a well-educated population and diversified sectors like manufacturing. With sanctions now lifted, Iran's oil production and non-oil sectors are expected to grow significantly with foreign investment. However, challenges remain such as US sanctions, bureaucracy, corruption, and a large grey market. The document argues that Iran presents opportunities for companies able to successfully navigate these challenges.
Doing Business in Iran provides an overview of establishing a business in Iran. It covers topics such as Iran's economy, international trade and investments, business environment, foreign investment laws, business organizations, taxation, intellectual property laws, and the legal system. The guide aims to help foreign investors understand the key considerations and opportunities when planning to do business in Iran.
this report includes the Iran financial markets and institutions. the report is compiled includind secondary dat from different sources such as articles, website, newspaper, books, etc.
The document discusses the political, economic, and security situation in Iraq. Politically, Iraq is a federal parliamentary republic facing ongoing political instability and violence since the US invasion. Economically, Iraq remains heavily dependent on oil exports, but has faced challenges due to wars and instability. The document discusses proposed political solutions to Iraq's ongoing crisis, including reviving a power-sharing agreement, as well as efforts to strengthen economic cooperation between Iraq and neighboring Iran.
Islamic Republic of Iran - Opportunities and Financial Crime Risks.Aperio Intelligence
The document discusses opportunities and financial crime risks associated with Iran following the lifting of sanctions as part of the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action. It notes that financial crime such as money laundering and corruption are major issues in Iran's economy and political system. While the lifting of sanctions may open up business opportunities, companies exploring opportunities in Iran will need to exercise due diligence on partners and agents given the risks of ties to the government and involvement in illicit activities. The document provides an overview of typical financial crimes in Iran as well as the country's anti-money laundering efforts and challenges.
Tehran NAM Summit and Future Arab PoliticsZakir Hussain
This Issue Brief deals with how NAM Summit provided opportunity to Iran to place its vital national interest and the likely scenarios in the Arab politics, partiality Iran, Syria, Islamic Quartet.
This document discusses the political and economic situation in Iraq. Politically, Iraq is a federal parliamentary republic experiencing an ongoing political crisis. The US withdrawal has left the government without real autonomy. Economically, Iraq relies heavily on oil exports, but the ongoing conflicts have disrupted oil production and exports, damaging the economy. The document proposes increased economic cooperation between Iraq and neighboring Iran as a solution to help stabilize Iraq's economy.
The document provides information about Israel's economy. It can be summarized as follows:
Israel has a diversified economy that relies heavily on technology and exports. While lacking in natural resources, Israel has developed a strong service sector focused on areas like software development. The economy has grown rapidly in recent decades through economic reforms and waves of immigration that increased the skilled workforce. However, conflict continues to negatively impact economic cooperation with neighboring states.
The document contains information about a group project on conditioning on foreign debt. It lists the group members and provides an introduction to concepts like foreign debt, World Bank, IMF, objectives of IMF and IMF assistance to Pakistan. It discusses why Pakistan takes foreign loans, how loans are allocated, and economic impacts of IMF conditionalities like effect on health, education, privatization, inflation and fiscal deficit. It also outlines effects on sectors like utilities, poverty levels, education and privatization in Pakistan.
Asia Frontier Capital - AFC Iraq Fund presentationThomas Hugger
The AFC Iraq Fund was launched on the 26th June 2015 and aims to achieve long-term capital appreciation for investors by capturing value and growth potential in the post conflict high-growth & resource rich Iraq market. The fund emphasises long term investment horizon to truly capture the opportunity in Iraq. The fund's investable universe consists of locally listed companies that have their principal business activities in Iraq as well as foreign listed companies that have the majority of the business in Iraq as a whole including the prosperous Kurdish Region of Iraq (KRI). The AFC Iraq Fund offers access to investments in post conflict recovery potential of Iraq, including the KRI, and/or stability in its territory. The AFC Iraq Fund is managed by Asia Frontier Capital (Iraq) Limited, Cayman Islands under the executive leadership team of Thomas Hugger (CEO & Fund Manager) and Ahmed Tabaqchali (CIO) who have more than 47 years of investment experience as well as an extensive background covering global, emerging, frontier and MENA markets.
Vietnam has experienced impressive economic growth driven by private investment and exports. However, large trade and fiscal deficits have contributed to high inflation. To counter these issues, Vietnam has devalued its currency multiple times in recent years. The country has a young population that could boost future growth if sufficient jobs are created each year, primarily by the growing private sector.
Middle east opportunities for scottish edited companies - scottish enterpris...Raquel Largo Martinez
The Middle East faces economic challenges due to low oil prices, including reduced government revenues and the need for fiscal reforms. Opportunities still exist in infrastructure projects across the region. Iran's economy is growing as sanctions are lifted, but risks and challenges remain such as low oil prices, regional instability, and sanctions potentially being reimposed.
The document provides information about a group presentation on Iran. It lists the group members and contents to be covered, including an introduction to Iran, its history, flag, language, religion, political and economic systems, and cultural and business norms. Key points are that Iran became an Islamic republic in 1979, its official language is Persian, the majority religion is Shia Islam, and the economy relies heavily on oil exports.
Afghanistan has made economic progress since 2001 but remains poor and dependent on foreign aid. The government is working to improve revenue collection and reduce corruption to boost economic growth. Afghanistan pursues a liberal trade policy and is a member of organizations like WTO, ECO, and SAARC to integrate its economy regionally. Key trade partners include Pakistan, Uzbekistan, India, and China. Afghanistan aims to serve as a link between Central and South Asia by projects like the Silk Road Economic Belt and developing transportation infrastructure through groups like CAREC.
Regime wise analysis of debt in Pakistan 2013Mehvish Raouf
Military regimes in Pakistan generally pursued policies that strengthened the macroeconomic environment and reduced debt levels through high economic growth rates and foreign assistance. In contrast, democratic regimes struggled with political instability, poor governance, and increasing debt burdens. Currently, Pakistan's public debt exceeds 90% of GDP and the government relies on loans from the IMF and other international organizations to repay debt obligations.
The AFC Iraq Fund will be launched on the 15th May 2015 and aims to achieve long-term capital appreciation for investors by capturing value and growth potential in the post conflict high-growth & resource rich Iraq market. The fund emphasises long term investment horizon to truly capture the opportunity in Iraq. The fund's investable universe consists of locally listed companies that have their principal business activities in Iraq as well as foreign listed companies that have the majority of the business in Iraq as a whole including the prosperous Kurdish Region of Iraq (KRI). The AFC Iraq Fund offers access to investments in post conflict recovery potential of Iraq, including the KRI, and/or stability in its territory.
The document provides an economic analysis of Jordan covering recent developments from 2014-2015 and the macroeconomic outlook from 2015-2017. Recent key points include:
- Real GDP grew 3.1% in 2014 driven by mining, agriculture, and construction. Inflation moderated to 2.9% and turned negative in 2015.
- The current account deficit narrowed to 6.8% of GDP in 2014 as exports grew and grants increased. The fiscal deficit also narrowed to 2.3% of GDP due to fiscal consolidation and higher grants.
- International reserves increased to $14.1 billion as confidence in the Jordanian dinar grew. The banking sector saw deposits grow 9.7% while lending grew moderately at
This document provides a summary of Saudi Arabia's economy and trade relations. It discusses Saudi Arabia's imports, which are dominated by mineral fuels from the US. It also discusses Saudi Arabia's exports, which include vehicles, machinery, and electrical equipment to the US. Additionally, the document outlines some areas of joint collaboration between Saudi Arabia and other countries, including nuclear energy projects between Saudi Arabia, Toshiba, Westinghouse, and Exelon, as well as Samsung's successful mobile phone business in Saudi Arabia.
11-2 Surface Areas of Prisms and Cylinders.pdfbwlomas
This document appears to be a collection of blank pages with no discernible content. There is no information provided across the 11 pages to summarize. The document consists solely of page numbers without any text, images or other material that could be summarized.
1BHK & 2BHK Apartments for sale in Budigere, Off Old Madras Road, Bangalore at Pashmina Brook woods
The wish to own a perfect home is no more a distant dream for the commoners of the city of Bangalore. Pashmina presents Brookwoods – luxury homes intelligently designed by world renowned architect Hafeez Contractor. Its skillful space utilization and thoughtfully designed amenities offer a great living experience and that too at an unbelievable price. Come and experience the lifestyle which you have always wished for.
For More.....:
https://bangalore5.com/Villa-Houses-in-Bangalore/
https://www.bangalore5.com/2BHK-Apartments-in-Bangalore/
https://bangalore5.com/Flats-purchase-in-Bangalore/
https://bangalore5.com/BMRDA-Approved-Layouts/
This document provides an overview of Iran's economy and international trade. It notes that Iran has a statist economy dominated by the state sector and oil exports, which creates inefficiencies. In recent years the government has tried to reduce subsidies and implement economic reforms with mixed success. Sanctions have significantly reduced Iran's oil revenue and GDP growth turned negative in 2012 for the first time in decades. However, the WTO report praised Iran's non-oil export growth which increased over 500% between 2005-2011, with major exports including petrochemicals and minerals.
Ipsos Business Consulting - Iran - A New El DoradoThomas Mathews
The document discusses the investment opportunities in Iran following the lifting of economic sanctions. It describes how sanctions crippled Iran's economy but led to a well-educated population and diversified sectors like manufacturing. With sanctions now lifted, Iran's oil production and non-oil sectors are expected to grow significantly with foreign investment. However, challenges remain such as US sanctions, bureaucracy, corruption, and a large grey market. The document argues that Iran presents opportunities for companies able to successfully navigate these challenges.
Doing Business in Iran provides an overview of establishing a business in Iran. It covers topics such as Iran's economy, international trade and investments, business environment, foreign investment laws, business organizations, taxation, intellectual property laws, and the legal system. The guide aims to help foreign investors understand the key considerations and opportunities when planning to do business in Iran.
this report includes the Iran financial markets and institutions. the report is compiled includind secondary dat from different sources such as articles, website, newspaper, books, etc.
The document discusses the political, economic, and security situation in Iraq. Politically, Iraq is a federal parliamentary republic facing ongoing political instability and violence since the US invasion. Economically, Iraq remains heavily dependent on oil exports, but has faced challenges due to wars and instability. The document discusses proposed political solutions to Iraq's ongoing crisis, including reviving a power-sharing agreement, as well as efforts to strengthen economic cooperation between Iraq and neighboring Iran.
Islamic Republic of Iran - Opportunities and Financial Crime Risks.Aperio Intelligence
The document discusses opportunities and financial crime risks associated with Iran following the lifting of sanctions as part of the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action. It notes that financial crime such as money laundering and corruption are major issues in Iran's economy and political system. While the lifting of sanctions may open up business opportunities, companies exploring opportunities in Iran will need to exercise due diligence on partners and agents given the risks of ties to the government and involvement in illicit activities. The document provides an overview of typical financial crimes in Iran as well as the country's anti-money laundering efforts and challenges.
Tehran NAM Summit and Future Arab PoliticsZakir Hussain
This Issue Brief deals with how NAM Summit provided opportunity to Iran to place its vital national interest and the likely scenarios in the Arab politics, partiality Iran, Syria, Islamic Quartet.
This document discusses the political and economic situation in Iraq. Politically, Iraq is a federal parliamentary republic experiencing an ongoing political crisis. The US withdrawal has left the government without real autonomy. Economically, Iraq relies heavily on oil exports, but the ongoing conflicts have disrupted oil production and exports, damaging the economy. The document proposes increased economic cooperation between Iraq and neighboring Iran as a solution to help stabilize Iraq's economy.
The document provides information about Israel's economy. It can be summarized as follows:
Israel has a diversified economy that relies heavily on technology and exports. While lacking in natural resources, Israel has developed a strong service sector focused on areas like software development. The economy has grown rapidly in recent decades through economic reforms and waves of immigration that increased the skilled workforce. However, conflict continues to negatively impact economic cooperation with neighboring states.
The document contains information about a group project on conditioning on foreign debt. It lists the group members and provides an introduction to concepts like foreign debt, World Bank, IMF, objectives of IMF and IMF assistance to Pakistan. It discusses why Pakistan takes foreign loans, how loans are allocated, and economic impacts of IMF conditionalities like effect on health, education, privatization, inflation and fiscal deficit. It also outlines effects on sectors like utilities, poverty levels, education and privatization in Pakistan.
Asia Frontier Capital - AFC Iraq Fund presentationThomas Hugger
The AFC Iraq Fund was launched on the 26th June 2015 and aims to achieve long-term capital appreciation for investors by capturing value and growth potential in the post conflict high-growth & resource rich Iraq market. The fund emphasises long term investment horizon to truly capture the opportunity in Iraq. The fund's investable universe consists of locally listed companies that have their principal business activities in Iraq as well as foreign listed companies that have the majority of the business in Iraq as a whole including the prosperous Kurdish Region of Iraq (KRI). The AFC Iraq Fund offers access to investments in post conflict recovery potential of Iraq, including the KRI, and/or stability in its territory. The AFC Iraq Fund is managed by Asia Frontier Capital (Iraq) Limited, Cayman Islands under the executive leadership team of Thomas Hugger (CEO & Fund Manager) and Ahmed Tabaqchali (CIO) who have more than 47 years of investment experience as well as an extensive background covering global, emerging, frontier and MENA markets.
Vietnam has experienced impressive economic growth driven by private investment and exports. However, large trade and fiscal deficits have contributed to high inflation. To counter these issues, Vietnam has devalued its currency multiple times in recent years. The country has a young population that could boost future growth if sufficient jobs are created each year, primarily by the growing private sector.
Middle east opportunities for scottish edited companies - scottish enterpris...Raquel Largo Martinez
The Middle East faces economic challenges due to low oil prices, including reduced government revenues and the need for fiscal reforms. Opportunities still exist in infrastructure projects across the region. Iran's economy is growing as sanctions are lifted, but risks and challenges remain such as low oil prices, regional instability, and sanctions potentially being reimposed.
The document provides information about a group presentation on Iran. It lists the group members and contents to be covered, including an introduction to Iran, its history, flag, language, religion, political and economic systems, and cultural and business norms. Key points are that Iran became an Islamic republic in 1979, its official language is Persian, the majority religion is Shia Islam, and the economy relies heavily on oil exports.
Afghanistan has made economic progress since 2001 but remains poor and dependent on foreign aid. The government is working to improve revenue collection and reduce corruption to boost economic growth. Afghanistan pursues a liberal trade policy and is a member of organizations like WTO, ECO, and SAARC to integrate its economy regionally. Key trade partners include Pakistan, Uzbekistan, India, and China. Afghanistan aims to serve as a link between Central and South Asia by projects like the Silk Road Economic Belt and developing transportation infrastructure through groups like CAREC.
Regime wise analysis of debt in Pakistan 2013Mehvish Raouf
Military regimes in Pakistan generally pursued policies that strengthened the macroeconomic environment and reduced debt levels through high economic growth rates and foreign assistance. In contrast, democratic regimes struggled with political instability, poor governance, and increasing debt burdens. Currently, Pakistan's public debt exceeds 90% of GDP and the government relies on loans from the IMF and other international organizations to repay debt obligations.
The AFC Iraq Fund will be launched on the 15th May 2015 and aims to achieve long-term capital appreciation for investors by capturing value and growth potential in the post conflict high-growth & resource rich Iraq market. The fund emphasises long term investment horizon to truly capture the opportunity in Iraq. The fund's investable universe consists of locally listed companies that have their principal business activities in Iraq as well as foreign listed companies that have the majority of the business in Iraq as a whole including the prosperous Kurdish Region of Iraq (KRI). The AFC Iraq Fund offers access to investments in post conflict recovery potential of Iraq, including the KRI, and/or stability in its territory.
The document provides an economic analysis of Jordan covering recent developments from 2014-2015 and the macroeconomic outlook from 2015-2017. Recent key points include:
- Real GDP grew 3.1% in 2014 driven by mining, agriculture, and construction. Inflation moderated to 2.9% and turned negative in 2015.
- The current account deficit narrowed to 6.8% of GDP in 2014 as exports grew and grants increased. The fiscal deficit also narrowed to 2.3% of GDP due to fiscal consolidation and higher grants.
- International reserves increased to $14.1 billion as confidence in the Jordanian dinar grew. The banking sector saw deposits grow 9.7% while lending grew moderately at
This document provides a summary of Saudi Arabia's economy and trade relations. It discusses Saudi Arabia's imports, which are dominated by mineral fuels from the US. It also discusses Saudi Arabia's exports, which include vehicles, machinery, and electrical equipment to the US. Additionally, the document outlines some areas of joint collaboration between Saudi Arabia and other countries, including nuclear energy projects between Saudi Arabia, Toshiba, Westinghouse, and Exelon, as well as Samsung's successful mobile phone business in Saudi Arabia.
11-2 Surface Areas of Prisms and Cylinders.pdfbwlomas
This document appears to be a collection of blank pages with no discernible content. There is no information provided across the 11 pages to summarize. The document consists solely of page numbers without any text, images or other material that could be summarized.
1BHK & 2BHK Apartments for sale in Budigere, Off Old Madras Road, Bangalore at Pashmina Brook woods
The wish to own a perfect home is no more a distant dream for the commoners of the city of Bangalore. Pashmina presents Brookwoods – luxury homes intelligently designed by world renowned architect Hafeez Contractor. Its skillful space utilization and thoughtfully designed amenities offer a great living experience and that too at an unbelievable price. Come and experience the lifestyle which you have always wished for.
For More.....:
https://bangalore5.com/Villa-Houses-in-Bangalore/
https://www.bangalore5.com/2BHK-Apartments-in-Bangalore/
https://bangalore5.com/Flats-purchase-in-Bangalore/
https://bangalore5.com/BMRDA-Approved-Layouts/
Vishal J. Moliya is a mechanical engineer seeking a position that allows him to further develop his skills. He has over 5 years of experience as a Quality Engineer at Reliable Valves, where he prepared quality documentation, ensured dimensional inspection of parts, analyzed rejection data, and coordinated with suppliers. Reliable Valves manufactures industrial valves and equipment per ISO, API, CE, and BIS standards. Moliya holds an undergraduate degree in mechanical engineering and Level II certifications in various non-destructive testing methods.
Marqueting de continguts dialoga amb els teus clients oferint los materials u...Eva Sanagustin
Dossier "Marqueting de continguts: dialoga amb els teus clients oferint los materials utils" per a Cibernàrium (des de març 2011).
Més informació a www.evasanagustin.com
Unit 5, Lesson 5.5- Major Ecosystems and Resources in the Philippinesjudan1970
Unit 5, Lesson 5.5- Major Ecosystems and Resources in the Philippines
Lesson Outline:
1. Importance of Ecosystems
2. Major Ecosystem and Resources
3. Population Growth and Sustainable Development
The document discusses the three vital functions of the human body: nutrition, reproduction, and interaction. It then provides details on the major body systems that support these functions, including the digestive, respiratory, circulatory, excretory, and nervous systems. It also covers the senses, types of stimuli and responses, as well as the structure and functions of the brain and musculoskeletal system.
El documento describe diferentes tonos de comunicación según su contenido, modo y forma. Explica que los tonos informativo, argumental y testimonial transmiten información sobre un producto o servicio de diferentes maneras para convencer al público. También analiza tonos como reflexivo, impersonal, coloquial y humorístico según cómo se presenta la información. Por último, presenta algunos tonos construidos comúnmente utilizados como servicial, inspiracional, individualizado, profesional y empático.
Exploring Opportunities in Iran's Hotel Market 2016sps:affinity
A country report compiled by TRI. From a tourism perspective, Iran has many attractive features including a rich cultural heritage, an expansive mountain range, religious and archaeological sites, ideal climate, and a world renowned arts and crafts industry.
After decades of Isolation, the recent lifting of crippling economic sanctions and improving relations with the international community, Iran is poised to enter into a new era of long term economic growth.
All the information you need to know about the Iran nuclear deal and the effect that it will have on the country's economy, as well as the impact at a worldwide level.
One of the most burning issues that have dominated the public sphere in Nigeria and other oil exporting countries is the covid-19 pandemic and its attendant challenges. This pandemic is a shock on real economic fundamentals and frictionless of the market. It introduces a barrier between the market forces with strong complementary feedbacks in the real economy. The absence of precise vaccine or medication for the virus has necessitated the adoption of several precautionary measures with the aim of containing its wide spread. Critical among which are the travel restrictions, lockdown measures as well as social and physical distancing. These measures have detrimental effect on the demand and price of oil in the international market. In view of that, this study evaluates the social and economic impact of covid-19 in Nigeria taking into cognisance the effect on certain critical macroeconomic indicators. The study adopted an analytical approach to supplement the much ongoing documentations on the subject matter. Result shows that virtually all essential macroeconomic indicators are grossly affected with tax, remittances and employment exhibiting severe consequences. Also, uncertainty, panics and lockdown measures are key to motivating higher decrease in world demand. The supply disruptions and huge death toll generates a heightened uncertainty and panic for household and business. This uncertainty and panic leads to drop in consumption and investment thereby causing a decrease in corporate cash flows and triggered firm’s bankruptcy. Also, lay-off and exiting firms produce higher unemployment while labour income decreased significantly. Since it entails a large amount of government expenditure especially in the health sector which is required to contain the spread of the virus, there is needs for government to diversify its revenue sources and thus drop over dependency on the oil remittance. Furthermore, there is a need to support the financial system to avoid the health crisis becoming a financial crisis in the long-run.
Discovered new energy, nuclear deals of Iran, oil prices continue to go down, ISIS phenomenon and the failure of Arab Spring, economic deficit of oil exporter islamic countries, will be a sign of new beginning of islamic countries in global energy politics.
Size and Income Argentina have a really big size when it comes to.docxedgar6wallace88877
Size and Income: Argentina have a really big size when it comes to population with over 45 million people. That number should also increase for their projections have it that more people are being born then those that are dieing. Argentina's PPP currently is 19000 and for the past five years it actually has been jumping around from 19000 and 21000. For their nominal per capita it is currently 14400 which is good because it has been going up every year for Argentina so that number will only be going up with how its been for the past 10 years.
Argentina Economy
Internet Usage: Argentina have lots of Internet users with a total of 42 million. Out of those, 30 million have a Face book account which would calculate to 66% of the population dealing with Face book. When it comes to broadband they have one of the biggest penetration rates in Latin America, With the countries political and economic difficulties it has made it more difficult but recently their have been stead improvements.
Argentina Internet Usage
Trade: When it comes to trade Argentina trades with every one but the countries they trade with the most are Brazil, United States, and China. With a total of 60 billion in exports and 54 billion in imports just from this last year. There balance of trade is really good recently, the last time they were negative was in 2017 and from then they have stayed positive when it comes to the balance of power.
Argentina Trade
Inflation/Unemployment: The inflation rate in Argentina is 54.4 which has gone down from 57.3 but you still would like for it to be lower then it is now. When it comes to unemployment it is at 10.1 and from 2002 to 2018 it was a average of 9.41 so for 2019 it has gone up slightly but with projections it is said to go back down slightly again.
Jose Alvarez
Honduras Economy
Economy: -
Honduran economy is not large at all; the economy basically depends on The United States and Canada. Honduras depends on the exportation of goods such as coffee, bananas, and shrimp. These are the main exportations the country does. Honduras has a PPP of $5,500 and a nominal of $2,480 as of 2017.
Connections: -
Honduras has an easy connection to internet. As found in the Honduran travel page it is said that tourists have an easy time connecting to the internet. However, it is not the highest internet in South America. It is said that the average cost of 20 hours of Internet access is twenty-two dollars with fifty cents. It is very cheap compared to the United States. The senior IT education administrator in Honduras quoted, “The future depends on technology, and if we don’t lead our students toward it, we would be failing”. Honduras does a great job on trying to promote technology and try to innovate through the years.
Trade: -
Honduras is known to trade with the United States and Canada they export 9 billion dollars and import 9.9 billion dollars. They export T-shirts, insulated wire, coffee, bananas, melons, gold, soap and paper containers for t.
The document provides an economic, social, and political outlook for the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region in 2015. It finds that regional growth rebounded to 2.2% in 2014 but is expected to remain flat at 2.2% in 2015 due to challenges from falling oil prices and increased security issues. Oil exporting countries face significant challenges, while oil importing countries may see only partial benefits from lower oil prices due to regional instability. The outlook for MENA countries varies significantly depending on their dependence on oil exports and the level of political stability within their borders.
AMENAAnEconomicandSocialOutlook2015F-16-Jul-15ultimoenv.pptxGurumurthy B R
The document provides an economic, social, and political outlook for the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region in 2015. It finds that regional growth rebounded to 2.2% in 2014 but is expected to remain flat at 2.2% in 2015 due to challenges from falling oil prices and increased security issues. Oil exporting countries face significant challenges, while oil importing countries may see only partial benefits from lower oil prices due to regional instability. The outlook for MENA countries varies significantly depending on their dependence on oil exports and the level of political stability within their borders.
Algeria: A promising destination for investment in North AfricaWilfried. Aulbur
Our study at Roland Berger 'Africa – The Next Growth Opportunity' analyses the business opportunities and challenges in Algeria. The study also gives a fair understating of many promising industries in the country. To know more about Algeria, you can read an excerpt out of our study here
Iran has significant economic advantages due to its large reserves of oil and natural gas, ranking among the top countries globally. It has a well-educated population and growing industries such as petrochemicals. Lifting of international sanctions is expected to substantially improve Iran's economy and growth rates in the coming years. Key sectors seen as priorities for foreign investment include oil and gas, mining, and petrochemicals, which could help modernize infrastructure and industries. Iran's strategic location and market also provide opportunities for international companies.
1) A landmark nuclear deal between Iran and P5+1 countries lifts brutal economic sanctions on Iran.
2) The lifting of sanctions will boost Iran's GDP by 5% in 2017 and save the country $15 billion annually by reducing the cost of international trade.
3) Iran will see increased oil exports, access to previously frozen assets worth $100 billion, and growth in non-oil sectors as sanctions are removed.
THE IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON THE JORDANIAN ECONOMY AND ENTERPRISESectijjournal
This study investigates the impact of Covid-19 on Jordan's economic climate as well as Jordanian
enterprises. Starting with observing the procedures taken by the government of Jordan, then a discussion
and overview of the economic effect of the epidemic, and finally a discussion of the impact of COVID-19 on
enterprises in Jordan. The Results of this paper conclude that there is an economic impact of coronavirus
across the whole country. The impact is determined not only by the ramifications of the virus's spread on
the larger economy but also by the form of the government's reaction, which includes mobility restrictions
and other emergency measures, as well as Jordan's main development partners' support and the indirect
impacts caused by companies' responses to problems they have experienced, such as layoffs and wage
reductions to save expenses, when reporting repercussions. The study covers a period of two years from
2019 to 2020.
The United Arab Emirates has a population of approximately 9.8 million people and a GDP of $421 billion in 2020. The top five industries contributing to GDP growth are:
1. Tourism - Dubai receives 66% of UAE's tourism with Abu Dhabi receiving 16%
2. Oil and gas - Accounted for 26% of GDP in 2018
3. Real estate - Development has increased tourism contribution to GDP from 3% to 16.5%
4. Business and finance - UAE offers a stable environment and good infrastructure
5. Trade - UAE is the US' 30th largest trading partner with $24.3 billion in goods trade
Other factors like political stability, non-
Globalisation in the United Arab EmiratesRare-Kel :3
Outlines the influence (and disadvantages) of globalisation on the economy of the United Arab Emirates (UAE), as well as strategies used to promote economic growth and development in the nation.
Made for Year 11 Economics Class
(November 2013).
The document summarizes the state of Iran's airline sector, which has been struggling under international sanctions for over 20 years. It notes that the sanctions have left Iranian airlines with aging fleets in need of 400 new aircraft valued at $18 billion over the next decade. Rising fuel costs and high inflation are placing additional financial pressure on the airlines. However, domestic air travel in Iran is forecasted to experience strong growth of 4.8% annually through 2015 as the sector's share of business and leisure travel increases.
This document provides an overview of India's economy, industries, foreign investment, trade, and strengths and weaknesses. It notes that India has a large agricultural sector focused on crops like wheat, rice and cotton. Manufacturing is led by textiles and chemicals, while services now contribute over half of GDP. India has experienced strong growth but remains a developing country with poverty and inequality issues. The government welcomes foreign investment and has created incentives. Key strengths include a large skilled workforce and consumer base, while weaknesses include corruption and infrastructure problems. India has become more open to international trade through trade agreements but faces a trade deficit.
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The Republic of Angola is an African country that declared independence from Portugal in 1975. It has a population of over 30 million and relies heavily on its oil and diamond industries. The emergence of COVID-19 has negatively impacted Angola's economy by reducing oil prices and revenues, slowing other key sectors like construction, and increasing inflation. In response, Angola needs to implement an immediate action plan to prioritize health, support businesses, and diversify its economy in order to stabilize and promote recovery.
The least developed countries and Sustainable Development Goalsموحد مسعود
LDCs and Rural Transformation: from MDGs to SDGs
Agricultural productivity, Development of non-farm activities
The Gender Dimension, Transforming Rural Economies in the Post-2015 Era: A Policy Agenda
Peru offers a stable macroeconomic environment and opportunities for investment in sectors like mining, agriculture, fishing, textiles, and tourism. Foreign investment in Peru has increased, especially in mining, finances, communications, industry and energy. Peru's main exports are minerals, fishmeal, textiles, and agricultural products. The US, China, and Japan are Peru's largest export markets.
2. Iran is an Islamic republic on the Persian Gulf with historical sites dating to the Persian
Empire. Extensive marble ruins mark Persepolis, the empire’s capital founded by Darius I in
the 6th century B.C.
It is a founding member of the UN, ECO, NAM, OIC, and OPEC. Its political system is
based on the 1979 Constitution which combines elements of a parliamentary democracy with
a theocracy governed by Islamic jurists under the concept of a Supreme Leadership. A
multicultural country comprising numerous ethnic and linguistic groups, most inhabitants are
officially Shia, and Persian is the official language.
It is the second largest economy in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region after
Saudi Arabia, with an estimated Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in 2014 of US$406.3 billion.
It also has the second largest population of the region after Egypt, with an estimated 78.5
million people in 2014. Iran’s economy is characterized by a large hydrocarbon sector, small
scale agriculture and services sectors, and a noticeable state presence in manufacturing and
financial services. Iran ranks second in the world in natural gas reserves and fourth in proven
crude oil reserves. Economic activity and government revenues still depend to a large extent
on oil revenues and therefore remain volatile.
Iran had one of the Middle East’s most advanced economies before the 1979 Islamic
revolution. Today, the economy is in shambles thanks to an agenda characterized by large
subsidies to favored sectors, a bloated public sector, and high inflation. Corruption is another
serious problem. Economic sanctions imposed by the U.S. and European Union in response
to Iran’s illicit nuclear weapons program have had devastating effects. Petroleum exports,
which provide about 85 percent of government revenues, declined drastically in 2011.
President Hassan Rowhani, elected in June 2013, had found it difficult to revive the economy
without the removal of Western sanctions by negotiating a deal to curb Iran’s nuclear
program. Things have now started looking better for the country post the lifting of the trade
ban by the United States of America and other associated nations.
3. The economy of Iran is a mixed and transition economy with a large public sector. About
60% of the economy is centrally planned. It is dominated by oil and gas production, although
over 40 industries are directly involved in the Tehran Stock Exchange. With 10% of the
world's proven oil reserves and 15% of its gas reserves, Iran is considered as an "energy
superpower".
It is the world's 18th
largest by purchasing power parity (PPP) and twenty-nine by nominal
gross domestic product. The country is a member of Next Eleven because of its high
development potential. A unique feature of Iran's economy is the presence of large religious
foundations called Bonyad, whose combined budgets represent more than 30% of central
government spending.
Price controls and subsidies, particularly on food and energy, burden the economy.
Contraband, administrative controls, widespread corruption, and other restrictive factors
undermine private sector-led growth. The legislature in late 2009 passed the subsidy reform
plan. This is the most extensive economic reform since the government implemented gasoline
rationing in 2007.
Most of the country's exports are oil and gas, accounting for a majority of government
revenue in 2010. Oil export revenues enabled Iran to amass well over $100 billion in foreign
exchange reserves as of 2010.
Due to its relative isolation from global financial markets, Iran was initially able to avoid
recession in the aftermath of the 2008 global financial crisis. Yet, following increasingly
stringent sanctions imposed by the international community as a result of the country's
nuclear program, oil exports fell by half, allowing Iraqi oil exports to overtake Iran's for the
first time since the 1980s. In September 2012, the Iranian Rial fell to a record low of 23,900
to the US dollar.
Exports aided self-sufficiency and domestic investment, although double-digit unemployment
and inflation remain problematic. Iran's educated population, high human development,
constrained economy and insufficient foreign and domestic investment prompted an
increasing number of Iranians to seek overseas employment.
Population: 77.1 million
GDP (PPP): $945.5 billion –1.7% growth in 2013 5-year compound annual growth 1.0%
$12,264 per capita
Unemployment: 13.2%
Inflation (CPI): 35.2%
FDI Inflow: $3.0 billion
Public Debt: 10.6% of GDP
4. After the Iranian Revolution in 1979, the United States ended its economic and diplomatic
ties with Iran, banned Iranian oil imports and froze approximately $11 billion of its assets. In
1996, the U.S. Government passed the Iran and Libya Sanctions Act (ILSA) which prohibits
U.S. (and non-U.S.) companies from investing and trading with Iran in amounts of more than
$20 million annually. Since 2000, exceptions to this restriction have been made for items
including pharmaceuticals and medical equipment.
Iran's nuclear program has been the subject of contention with the West since 2006 over
suspicions of its intentions. The UN Security Council imposed sanctions against select
companies linked to the nuclear program, thus furthering the country's economic isolation.
Sanctions notably bar nuclear, missile and many military exports to Iran and target
investments in oil, gas and petrochemicals, exports of refined petroleum products, as well as
the Iranian Revolutionary Guard Corps, banks, insurance, financial transactions and shipping.
In 2012, the European Union tightened its own sanctions by joining the three decade-old US
oil embargo against Iran. In 2015, Iran and the world powers reached a deal on Iran's nuclear
program that will remove the main sanctions against Iran by early 2016.
Iran may be losing as much as $60 billion annually in energy investment. Sanctions are
making imports 24% more costly on average. In addition, the latest round of sanctions could
cost Iran annually $50 billion in lost oil revenues. Iran is increasingly using barter trade
because its access to the international dollar payment system has been denied.
5. The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in Iran was worth 415.34 billion US dollars in 2014. The
GDP value of Iran represents 0.67% of the world economy. GDP in Iran averaged 148.91
USD Billion from 1965 until 2014, reaching an all-time high of 576.56 USD Billion in 2011
and a record low of 6.15 USD Billion in 1965. GDP in Iran is reported by the World Bank.
The biggest sector of Iran´s economy is services, which account for 51% of GDP. With
services the most important segments are: real estate and specialized and professional
services (14% of total GDP); trade restaurants and hotels (12%) and public services (10%).
Oil production constitutes 23% of the wealth. Manufacturing and mining contribute for 13%
of the output and agriculture for 10%. The last big component of the GDP is construction and
electricity, gas and water distribution, which account for 7% of total output.
7. Throughout the 1960s and 1970s, Iran had a favourable trade balance, but substantial imports
of services resulted in an annual deficit on current accounts. By 1974, with a net trade surplus
of $17,718 million and a current accounts surplus of $10,893 million, Iran was one of the
world's major exporters of capital. The current accounts balance remained in surplus annually
until the massive economic and civic turbulence caused by the revolution of 1979 and the
long, devastating war with Iraq (1980–88). By the time the war had ended, Iran's position as a
net foreign creditor was badly eroded due to a substantial drop in the world price for oil and a
sharp increase in dependence on imports—largely machinery and basic commodities to
rebuild infrastructure. By 1993, Iran owed foreign creditors nearly $30 billion. In following
years, the government, still plagued by lessening oil revenues and a quota of production
imposed on it by OPEC, was forced to reschedule the debt—with payments coming due in
1996, when foreign debt went down to approximately $22 billion. Foreign debt stood at
approximately $8.2 billion in 2002.
The International Monetary Fund (IMF) reports that in 2000 Iran had exports of goods
totalling $28.4 billion and imports totalling $15.2 billion. The services credit totalled $1.4
billion and debit $2.3 billion. The following table summarizes Iran's balance of payments as
reported by the IMF for 2000 in millions of US dollars.
The last Interim Assistance Strategy which covered the period 2002-2003 was extended
through 2005 by the World Bank. No new World Bank loans to Iran have been approved
since 2005 and all projects have closed. The International Finance Corporation (IFC) has no
program in Iran at present. Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA) issued two
guarantees in 2005 and no guarantees have been provided since then.
8.
9. The distribution gives the percentage contribution of agriculture, industry, and services to
total GDP, and will total 100% of GDP if the data is complete. Agriculture includes farming,
fishing, and forestry. Industry includes mining, manufacturing, energy production, and
construction. Services cover government activities, communications, transportation, finance,
and all other private economic activities that do not produce material goods.
The service sector accounts for the majority of the GDP of Iran with more than half the
amount contributed by this sector. It is followed by oil exports and consequently followed by
agriculture and the manufacturing sector.
10. The inflation rate in Iran was recorded at 10.80% in October of 2015. Inflation Rate in Iran
averaged 14.09% from 1957 until 2015, reaching an all-time high of 59.02% in May of 1995
and a record low of -3.27% in April of 1958. Inflation Rate in Iran is reported by the Central
Bank of Iran. In Iran, the most important categories in the consumer price index are Housing,
water, electricity, gas and other fuels (29% of total weight) and Food and beverages (28.5%
of total weight). Others include: Transport (11.97%); Furnishings, household equipment and
routine household maintenance (6%); Clothing and footwear (6%) and Health (5.5%). The
smallest groups are Recreation and culture; Education; Restaurants and hotels;
Communication; Tobacco at and Miscellaneous services and goods.
For the year 2015,
Iran Prices Last Previous Highest Lowest
Inflation Rate 10.80 11.17 59.02 -3.27
Consumer Price Index CPI 228.70 227.00 228.70 2.30
Producer Prices 216.00 216.00 216.10 56.27
Food Inflation 6.40 7.10 57.90 4.20
11. Iran’s Human Development Index (HDI) value for 2014 is 0.766— which puts the country
in the high human development category—positioning it at 69 out of 188 countries and
territories. Between 1990 and 2014, Iran’s HDI value increased from 0.567 to 0.766, an
increase of 35.0 percent or an average annual increase of about 1.26 percent. The rank is
shared with Costa Rica.
Between 1980 and 2014, Iran’s life expectancy at birth increased by 21.3 years, mean years
of schooling increased by 5.9 years and expected years of schooling increased by 5.9 years.
Iran’s GNI per capita increased by about 52.9% between 1980 and 2014.
Iran’s 2014 HDI of 0.766 is above the average of 0.744 for countries in the high human
development group and above the average of 0.607 for countries in South Asia. From South
Asia, countries which are close to Iran in 2014 HDI rank and to some extent in population are
Bangladesh and Pakistan, which have HDIs, ranked 142 and 147 respectively.
The Gender Development Index (GDI) measures gender inequalities in achievement in
three basic dimensions of human development: health (measured by female and male life
expectancy at birth), education (measured by female and male expected years of schooling
for children and mean years for adults aged 25 years and older); and command over
economic resources (measured by female and male estimated GNI per capita). The GDI is
calculated for 161 countries. The 2014 female HDI value for Iran (Islamic Republic of) is
0.689 in contrast with 0.804 for males, resulting in a GDI value of 0.858. In comparison, GDI
values for Bangladesh and Pakistan are 0.917 and 0.726 respectively.
The Gender Inequality Index (GII) reflects gender-based inequalities in three dimensions –
reproductive health, empowerment and economic activity. The GII can be interpreted as the
loss in human development due to inequality between female and male achievements in the
three GII dimensions. Iran has a GII value of 0.515, ranking it 114 out of 155 countries in the
2014 index. In Iran, 3.1 percent of parliamentary seats are held by women, and 62.2 percent
of adult women have reached at least a secondary level of education compared to 67.6
percent of their male counterparts. For every 100,000 live births, 23 women die from
pregnancy related causes; and the adolescent birth rate is 31.6 births per 1,000 women of ages
15-19. Female participation in the labour market is 16.6 percent compared to 73.6 for men.
Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) identifies multiple deprivations in the same
households in education, health and living standards. Due to a lack of relevant data, the MPI
has not been calculated for this country.
12. According its estimates, in 2011, access to an improved source of water supply was 98% in
urban areas where more than two thirds of Iranians live. It was 90% in rural areas (87% house
connections). Access to sewerage in urban areas was estimated at 19% in the late 1990s.
Access to improved sanitation was estimated at close to 100%.
Iran is a presumed source, transit, and destination country for men, women, and children
subjected to sex trafficking and forced labour. Iranian and Afghan boys and girls are forced
into prostitution domestically; Iranian women are subjected to sex trafficking in Iran,
Pakistan, the Persian Gulf, and Europe. Iran does not comply with the minimum standards for
the elimination of trafficking, and is not making significant efforts to do so; the government
does not share information on its anti-trafficking efforts, making it difficult to assess the
country's human trafficking problem or the government's attempts to curb it.
Despite substantial interdiction efforts and considerable control measures along the border
with Afghanistan, Iran remains one of the primary transhipment routes for Southwest Asian
heroin to Europe; suffers one of the highest opiate addiction rates in the world, and has an
increasing problem with synthetic drugs; lacks anti-money laundering laws; has reached out
to neighbouring countries to share counter-drug intelligence.
13. UNDP’s 2012-2016 country programme was prepared in close consultation with the
Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran, drawing from the Fifth National Development
Plan, the agreed outcome areas of the United Nations Development Assistance Framework
(UNDAF) 2012-2016, and key priorities of the UNDP Strategic plan. The country
programme is organized around four main issue-areas: poverty reduction, environmentally
sustainable management, health in terms of support to Global Fund grant implementation and
natural disaster management. The cross-cutting issues of south-south cooperation and sharing
of knowledge and expertise through science and technology transfer are included across all
programme components. As a middle income country, Iran is well placed to play a leading
role in exchanging knowledge and technical expertise through South-South cooperation, both
in the region and globally. UNDP will continue to support Iran in these endeavours, drawing
on its vast global knowledge network and established best practices.
14. The Indianstate that correspondstothe economyof Iran wouldbe Jammu and Kashmir. Even
thoughthe HDI of J&K is0.644 as comparedto 0.766 of Iran, buton a comparative scale,bothcan be
rankedwell above the respective average.
Both J&K (0.29) andIran (0.34) have similarGini coefficientsclose to 0.3 whichiswell below
average. Bothregionshave a fairliteracyrate of about 65%.
Both regionsare majorexportersof commodities;Iranbeingamajoroil exporterandJ&Kbeing
majorexporterof mineralsandspices.
There isconstant unrestinboththe regionsdue to heavypolitical tension.
Trade restrictionsare prevalentinboththe regionswhichare constantlyhamperinggrowthinboth
these regions.
Both the regionswere erstwhilefamoustouristdestinations,buttourismhastakenahit due to the
political unrestprevalentinthese regions.
The formationof newgovernmentandthe upliftmentof trade sanctionsandbetterpolicieshave
usheredina neweraof growthand cooperationinthese regions.