This document contains a quiz on macroeconomics concepts with 47 multiple choice questions and answers. Some of the key topics covered include gross domestic product (GDP), gross national product (GNP), national income (NI), consumption (C), investment (I), government spending (G), imports (M), exports (X), and others. The questions test understanding of how these economic aggregates are defined and related to each other in the context of open and closed economies.

1. Pro with Swadhin
beg Aa¨vq
mvgwMÖK Avq I e¨q
A_©bxwZ
¸iæZ¡c~Y© eûwbe©vPbx cÖkœDËi
1. wZb LvZ wewkó A_©bxwZ‡Z RvZxq Avq cwigv‡ci m~Î
†KvbwU?
(K) Y=C+I+G+(X+M) (L) Y=C+I+G
(M) Y=C+I+G+(X-M) (N) Y=C+1
DËi: L
2. ‡`‡k Kg©iZ we‡`wk‡`i Avq wb‡Pi †KvbwU‡Z AšÍf©~³?
(K) GNI (L) NNI
(M) GDR (N) CCA
DËi: M
3. Av‡qi cwieZ©‡b †Kvb ai‡bi wewb‡qvM cwieZ©b nq
bv?
(K) wbU wewb‡qvM (L) ‡gvU wewb‡qvM
(M) cÖ‡ivwPZ wewb‡qvM (N) AbybœZ wewb‡qvM
DËi: N
4. GNP Gi c~Y©iƒc †KvbwU?
(K) Gross New Product
(L) Gross Net Product
(M) Gross National Product
(N) Gross Nominal Product
DËi: M
5. S=-50+(1-0.5) Y: mÂq mgxKi‡Y Y = 100 n‡j
m‡qi cwigvY KZ?
(K) -50 (L) 0
(M) 50 (N) 100
DËi: L
6. e¨w³MZ Avq n‡Z AvqKi ev` w`‡j cvIqv hvq-
(K) ‡gvU RvZxq Avq (L) ‡gvU †`kR Avq
(M) e¨q‡hvM¨ Avq (N) wbU RvZxq Avq
DËi: M
7. wb‡Pi †KvbwU NNP Gi m~Î?
(K) NNP = GNP – CCA
(L) NNP = GNP + CCA
(M) NNP = C + I + G
(N) NNP = CCA – GNP
DËi: K
8. Av‡qi Dci wbf©ikxj †fvM e¨q‡K Kx e‡j?
(K) ¯^q™¢~Z †fvM (L) Mo †fvM cÖeYZnx
(M) cÖ‡ivwPZ †fvM (N) cÖvwšÍK †fvM cÖeYZv
DËi: M
9. cÖevmx‡`i Avq wnmv‡e Kiv nq †KvbwU‡Z?
(K) GNP (L) GDP
(M) NDP (N) CCA
DËi: K
10. k~b¨¯’v‡b †KvbwU em‡e? e¨q‡hvM¨ Avq= {?] Ñ Ki|
(K) RvZxq Avq (L) mvgwMÖK Avq
(M) mvgwMÖK e¨q (N) e¨w³MZ Avq
DËi: N
11. C=50 + 0.75Y n‡j cÖvwšÍK mÂq cÖeYZv (MPS)
KZ n‡e?
(K) 0.25 (L) 0.50
(M) 0.75 (N) 1.75
DËi: K
12. wb‡Pi †Kvb e¨qwU Db¥y³ A_©bxwZi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z?
(K) ‡fvM e¨q (C) (L) miKvwi e¨q (G)
(M) wbU ißvwb (Xn) (N) wewb‡qvM e¨q (I)
DËi: M
13. ‡Kvb Dcv`vbwU Ave× A_©bxwZ‡Z Abycw¯’Z?
(K) wbU ißvwb (L) miKvwi e¨q
(M) ‡fvM e¨q (N) wewb‡qvM e¨q
DËi: K
14. m‡qi g~j D‡Ïk¨ †KvbwU?
(K) eZ©gv‡bi †fvM (L) AZx‡Zi †fvM
(M) fwel¨‡Zi †fvM (N) ‡fv‡Mi DØ„Ë
DËi: M
15. e¨w³MZ AvqÑe¨w³MZ cÖZ¨ÿ Ki=?
(K) cÖZ¨ÿ Avq (L) c‡ivÿ e¨q
(M) e¨q‡hvM¨ Avq (N) Avq‡hvM¨ e¨q
DËi: M
16. Òg~jab mvgMÖx e„w× ev bZzb mvR-miÄvg ˆZwi‡K
wewb‡qvM ejv nq|ÓÑ gšÍe¨wU Kvi?
(K) Aa¨vcK wnKm (L) Aa¨vcK gvk©vj
(M) Aa¨vcK wc¸ (N) Aa¨vcK cviwKb
DËi: K
17. ‡Kvb m¤úK©wU mwVK?
(K) I = G (L) C = S

2. Pro with Swadhin
(M) S = I (N) Xo = X + M
DËi: M
18. NDP = ?
(K) GNI=GDPO–CCA (L) NNP=GNP –
CCA
(M) NNI = GNI – DC (N) CCA = GNI – NNP
DËi: N
19. wb‡Pi †KvbwU‡Z †`‡k Ae¯’vbiZ we‡`wk‡`i Avq
AšÍf©y³ nq?
(K) GNP (L) GDP
(M) NNP (N) NI
DËi: L
20. wb‡¤œi †KvbwU‡K wewb‡qv‡Mi c~e©_g© ejv nq?
(K) Avq (L) e¨q
(M) mÂq (N) ‡fvM
DËi: M
21. GDP †Z AšÍf©~³ n‡eÑ
(i) f~L‡Û Ae¯’vbiZ †`kxq bvMwiK‡`i Avq
(ii) ‡`‡k Ae¯’vbiZ we‡`wk bvMwiK‡`i Avq
(iii) we‡`‡k Kg©iZ †`kxq bvMwiK‡`i Avq
wbPi †KvbwU mwVK?
(K) i I ii (L) ii I iii
(M) i I iii (N) i, ii I iii
DËi: K
22. GNI wnmve Kivi mgq AšÍf©~³ nqÑ
(i) ‡`‡ki Af¨šÍ‡i †`kxq‡`i Avq
(ii) we‡`‡k Ae¯’vbiZ ‡`kxq‡`i Avq
(iii) ‡`‡ki Af¨šÍ‡i we‡`wk‡`i Avq
wbPi †KvbwU mwVK?
(K) i (L) i I ii
(M) ii I iii (N) i, ii I iii
DËi: L
wPÎwU jÿ Ges 23 I 24 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
23.DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K fvimvg¨ RvZxq Avq¯Íi KZ?
(K) 100 (L) 200
(M) 300 (N) 400
DËi: M
24. wewb‡qv‡Mi cwigvY e„w× †c‡q 10 n‡j, fvimvg¨ RvZxq
Avq KZ n‡e?
(K) 200 (L) 300
(M) 400 (N) 500
DËi: N
25. ‘X’ †`‡ki fvimvg¨ RvZxq Avq KZ?
(K) 500 (L) 100
(M) 2000 (N) 5000
DËi: M
26.DÏxcK Abyhvqx ‘X’ †`‡kÑ
(i) e¨q c×wZ‡Z RvZxq Avq MYbv Kiv n‡q‡Q
(ii) Ave× A_©bxwZ weivRgvb
(iii) RbMY Zv‡`i Av‡qi ÿz`ª Ask †fv‡Mi Rb¨ e¨q
K‡i
wbPi †KvbwU mwVK?
(K) i I ii (L) i I iii
(M) ii I iii (N) i, ii I iii
DËi: K
27. Y = C + I + G + (X – M) Kx n‡e?
(K) GDP (L) GNP
(M) NNP (N) NDP
DËi: L
28.GNI Gi c~Y©iƒc Kx?
(K) Gross Net Investment
(L) Gross Net Income
(M) Lross National Investment
(N) Gross National Income
DËi: N
29. NNP Gi c~Y©iƒc †KvbwU?
(K) New National Product
(L) Net National Product
(M) Normal National Product
(N) Natural National Product
DËi: N

3. Pro with Swadhin
30.‡KvbwU mvgwMÖK e¨‡qi GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Ask?
(K) e¨w³MZ e¨q (L) miKvwi e¨q
(M) mvgwiK e¨q (N) cvwievwiK e¨q
DËi: L
31. mvaviYZ mvgwMÖK e¨‡q (AE) wmsnfvM Ask wb‡Pi
†Kvb Dcv`v‡bi?
(K) ‡fvM (L) wewb‡qvM
(M) miKvwi e¨q (N) wbU ißvwb g~j¨
DËi: K
32.e¨q c×wZ‡Z RvZxq Avq Kx?
(K) ‡fvM + mÂq + wewb‡qvM + wbU ißvwb
(L) ‡fvM + wewb‡qvM + miKvwi e¨q + wbU ißvwb
(M) wewb‡qvM + gybvdv + miKvi e¨q + wbU ißvwb
(N) gybvdv + miKvwi e¨q + †fvM + wbU ißvwb
DËi: L
33.e¨w³MZ Avq †_‡K Ki ev` w`‡j Kx cvIqv hvq?
(K) ‡gvU RvZxq Avq (L) e¨q‡hvM¨ Avq
(M) wbU RvZxq Avq (N) ‡gvU †`kR Avq
DËi: L
34. ¯^íKvjxb †fvM A‡cÿK †KvbwU?
(K) S = Y – C (L) Y = C + I
(M) C = bY (N) C = a + bY
DËi: N
35. fvimvg¨ Avq¯Íi ( )
Y
( ) wba©viYKvix kZ© †KvbwU?
(K) Qd = Qs (L) AD = AS
(M) MR = MC (N) Dt = St
DËi: L
36. Ave× A_©bxwZ‡Z †KvbwU Abycw¯’Z?
(K) wbU mßvwb )
X
( (L) miKvi e¨q (G)
(M) †fvM e¨q (C) (N) wewb‡qvM e¨q (I)
DËi: K
37. GDP wbY©‡qi wnmve Kiv nqÑ
(i) we‡`‡k Ae¯’vbiZ †`kxq‡`i Avq
(ii) ‡`‡ki Af¨šÍ‡i we‡`wk‡`i Avq
(iii) ‡`‡ki Af¨šÍ‡i †`kxq‡`i Avq
wbPi †KvbwU mwVK?
(K) i I ii (L) i I iii
(M) ii I iii (N) i, ii I iii
DËi: M
38.e× A_©bxwZi †ÿ‡ÎÑ
(i) GNP = GDP
(ii) X – M Abycw¯’Z
(iii) GNP > GDP
wbPi †KvbwU mwVK?
(K) i I ii (L) i I iii
(M) ii I iii (N) i, ii I iii
DËi: K
41. ‡Kvb †fvM e¨q Avq †_‡K ¯^vaxb?
(K) cÖ‡ivwPZ †fvM e¨q (L) ¯^q¤¢yZ †fvM e¨q
(M) ‡fvMcY¨ Av‡qi Rb¨ e¨q (N) miKvwi †fvM e¨q
DËi: L
42. GKwU Db¥y³ A_©bxwZZ mvgwMÖK Av‡qi mgxKiY
†KvbwU?
(K) C + I (L) C + I + G
(M) C+I+G+(X–M) (N) C = I + (X – M)
DËi: M
43. †KvbwU‡Z we‡`wk‡`i Avq AšÍf©~³ nq?
(K) GDP (L) GNP
(M) NNP (N) NI
DËi: K
44. †KBb‡mi g‡Z Ave× A_©bxwZi †ÿ‡Î †KvbwU mZ¨?
(K) Y = C (L) Y = C + I
(M) Y = C + 1 + G (N) Y=C+I+G+(x–M)
DËi: M
45. e× A_©bxwZ‡Z KqwU LvZ _v‡K?
(K) GK (L) `yB
(M) wZb (N) Pvi
DËi: M
46. S = Y – C mgxKiYwU †Kvb ai‡bi A‡cÿK?
(K) ‡fvM (L) wewb‡qvM
(M) Avq (N) mÂq
DËi: N
47. †KvbwU NNI Gi wnmv‡e AšÍf©~³ nq bv?
(K) ‡emiKvwi †fvM e¨q (L) ‡emiKvwi wbU wewb‡qvM
(M) c‡ivÿ Ki (N) AePq e¨q
DËi: N
48. mÂq wnmve Kivi m~Î †KvbwU?
(K) S = Y + C (L) S = Y – C

4. Pro with Swadhin
(M) S = C – Y (N) S = C + Y
DËi: L
49. wb‡Pi †KvbwU n¯ÍvšÍi cvIbv bq?
(K) eq¯‹ fvZv (L) weaev fvZv
(M) Aemi fvZv (N) Aew›UZ gybvdv
DËi: N
50. 1930 mv‡ji gnvg›`vi ci †Kvb A_©bxwZi gvBjdjK
ïiæ nq?
(K) e¨wóK A_©bxwZi (L) mvgwóK A_©bxwZi
(M) bMi A_©bxwZi (N) K…wl A_©bxwZi
DËi: L
51. mvgwMÖK Avq cwigv‡c gva¨wgK `ªe¨ we‡`Pbv Ki‡j Kx
ai‡bi mgm¨v?
(K) ‰ØZ MYbv (L) Kg MYbv
(M) GDP n«vm (N) GDP AmsMwZ
DËi: K
52. mvgwMÖK Av‡qi mgxKiY †KvbwU?
(K) Y = CI+G (L) Y=C+ I – G
(M) Y = C + I (N) Y = C + NNI
DËi: K
53. mvgwMÖK Avq mvaviYZ KZ eQ‡ii cÖvß Av‡qi mgwó?
(K) 1 eQ‡ii (L) 2 eQ‡ii
(M) 3 eQ‡ii (N) 4 eQ‡ii
DËi: K
54. †Kvb aviYvwU e„nËi `„wó‡KvY †_‡K wePvi-we‡ePbv Kiv
nq?
(K) wewb‡qvM e¨q (L) mvgwMÖK Avq
(M) K‡c©v‡iU Avq (N) e¨emvwqK Avq
DËi: L
55. ‘The economics of Cycle and Growth’ MÖš’wU
Kvi †`Lv?
(K) jW© †R. Gg. †KBÝ (L) Avi.Gg. eevi
(M) Gj. iweÝ (N) A¨vWvg w¯§_
DËi: L
56. gybvdv‡K fvM Kiv nq KqwU As‡k?
(K) 2wU (L) 3wU
(M) 4wU (N) 5wU
DËi: K
57. n¯ÍvšÍi cvIbv Kx‡mi AšÍf©©y³ nq?
(K) PjwZ Avq (L) LyPiv Avq
(M) e¨w³MZ Avq (N) RvZxq Avq
DËi: M
58.GKwU †`‡ki Af¨šÍ‡i Drcvw`Z `ªe I †mevi mgwó‡K
Kx e‡j?
(K) ‡gvU †`kR Drcv`b (L) ‡gvU RvZxq Drcv`b
(M) ‡bU †`kR Drcv`b (N) wbU RvZxq Drcv`b
DËi: K
59. e¨‡qi `„wó‡KvY †_‡K eÜ A_©bxwZ‡Z wb‡Pi †KvbwU
mwVK?
(K) GDP=C+I+G (L) GDP=C+I+G(X-
M)
(M) GDP = C+I – G (N) GDP=C+I+G-(X-
M)
DËi: K
60. GDP wnmv‡ei mgq wb‡Pi †Kvb KiwU ev` w`‡Z nq?
(K) cÖZ¨ÿ Ki (L) c‡ivÿ Ki
(M) f¨vU (N) f~wg ivR¯^
DËi: L
61. wb‡Pi †KvbwU‡Z †`‡ki Af¨šÍixY Drcv`b cÖwZdwjZ
nq?
(K) GNP (L) GDP
(M) NNI (N) CCA
DËi: L
62. †Kvb A_©bxwZ‡Z GDP I GNP me©`v mgvb nq?
(K) cuywRev`x A_©bxwZ‡Z (L) ‡Lvjv A_©bxwZ‡Z
(M) wb‡`„kg~jK A_©bxwZ‡K (N) e× A_©bxwZ‡Z
DËi: N
63. GDP wnmv‡ei †ÿ‡Î ¸iæ‡Z¡i mv‡_ †Kvb welqwU
we‡ePbv Kiv nq?
(K) ‡fŠ‡MvwjK mxgvbv (L) cÖvK…wZK m¤ú`
(M) g~jab `ªe¨ (N) Rbkw³
DËi: K
64. GDP = ?
(K) C + I + G (L) C + I + Z
(M) Y + C + I (N) I + Y + G
DËi: K
65. †gvU †`kR Drcv`‡bi mv‡_ wbU Dcv`vb Avq †hvM
K‡i Kx cvIqv hvq?
(K) ‡gvU RvZxq Avq (L) wbU RvZxq Avq
(M) ‡gvU †`kR Drcv`b (N) AePvqRwbZ e¨q

5. Pro with Swadhin
DËi: K
66. ‡gvU RvZxq Avq Kx?
(K) GK eQ‡ii Drcvw`Z `ªe¨mvgMÖx I †mevKv‡h©i
†gvU g~j¨
(L) `ªe¨ I †mevKv‡h©i weµqjä A_©
(M) GK eQ‡i †`‡ki evB‡i Drcvw`Z `ªe¨mvgwMªi
Avw_©K g~j¨
(N) ißvwb `ª‡e¨i Øviv AwR©Z A_©
DËi: K
67. GKwU †`‡ki A_©‰bwZK Ae¯’v Kxiƒc Zv Rvbvi Rb¨
‡KvbwU cwigvc Kiv Avek¨K?
(K) ‡gvU †`kR Drcv`b (L) wbU RvZxq Drcv`b
(M) ‡gvU RvZxq Drcv`b (N) ‡gvU RvZxq Avq
DËi: N
68. †gvU †`kR Drcv`b + we‡`‡k Ae¯’vbiZ †`wk
RbM‡Yi AvqÑ †`‡k Ae¯’vbiZ we‡`wk‡`i Avq= Kx?
(K) ‡gvU †`kR Drcv`b (L) ‡gvU RvZxq Avq
(M) ‡gvU Avq (N) wbU †`kR Drcv`b
DËi: L
69. cÖevwm‡`i Avq wn‡me Kiv nqÑ
(K) wRGbwc‡Z (L) wRwWwc‡Z
(M) GbwWwc‡Z (N) GbGbwc‡Z
DËi: K
70. NNI cwigv‡ci m~ÎwU Kx?
(K) C+I+G (L) C+I+G+(X-M)
(M) C+I+G-CCA (N) C+I+G+(X-M)-CCA
DËi: N
71. CCA Kx?
(K) Consumption Capital Assumed
(L) Capital consumption Allowance
(M) Cost of Capital in Average
(N) Current Consumption Allowances
DËi: L
72. NNP †_‡K Kx ev` w`‡j wbU RvZxq Avq cvIqv hvq?
(K) cÖZ¨ÿ Ki (L) c‡ivÿ Ki
(M) e¨emvwqK Ki (N) AePq e¨q
DËi: L
73. gv_vwcQz Avq wbY©q Kiv nq wb‡Pi †KvbwU Øviv?
(K) CCA (L) GDP
(M) NNI (N) NI
DËi: M
74. NNI Gi c~Y©iƒc †KvbwU?
(K) National Net Income
(L) Need National Investment
(M) Net National Income
(N) Net National Investment
DËi: M
75. ‡Kvb A_©bxwZ‡Z NNI ‡ei Kivi mgq wbU ißvwb g~j¨
†hvM Kiv nq?
(K) gy³ A_©bxwZ (L) e× A_©bxwZ
(M) wb‡`©kg~jK A_©bxwZ (N) Bmjvwg A_©bxwZ
DËi: K
76. RvZxq Avq aviYvi g‡a¨ †KvbwU wbY©q KwVb?
(K) 10wU (L) 12wU
(M) 15wU (N) 20wU
DËi: M
77. Y = C+I+G+(X-M) GB mgxKi‡Y (X-M) Kx?
(K) wewb‡qvM Ñ Avg`vwb
(L) ‡gvU †fvM Ñ wbU ißvwb
(M) ißvwb Ñ Avg`vwb
(N) ‡gvU †`kR Drcv`b-Avg`vwb
DËi: M
78. RvZxq Avq MYbvi g~jZ c×wZ KqwU?
(K) `yB (L) wZb
(M) Pvi (N) cuvP
DËi: L
79. Avq c×wZ Abymv‡i g~jab †_‡K Av‡m †KvbwU?
(K) Dc‡hvM (L) gRywi
(M) my` (N) wewb‡qvM
DËi: M
80. wb‡Pi †KvbwU msMV‡bi cÖvß Avq?
(K) gybvdv (L) my`
(M) gRywi (N) LvRbv
DËi: K
81. †hme `ªe¨ Drcv`‡Ki ci mivmwi †fv‡M e¨eüZ nq,
Zv‡`i‡K Kx e‡j?
(K) cÖv_wgK `ªe¨ (L) gva¨wgK `ªe¨

6. Pro with Swadhin
(M) P~ovšÍ `ªe¨ (N) cÖvc-cÖv_wgK `ªe¨
DËi: M
82. GKB cY¨ `yBevi MYbv Ki‡j Kx mgm¨vi D™¢e nq?
(K) GKK MYbvi (L) ‰ØZ MYbvi
(M) DØ„Ë (N) e¨qMZ
DËi: L
83. RvZxq Avq MYbvq †Kvb ch©v‡qi `ªe¨ I †mev we‡ewPZ
nq?
(K) cÖv_wgK (L) gva¨wgK
(M) cÖvK-gva¨wgK (N) P~ovšÍ
DËi: N
84. RvZxq Av‡q gva¨wgK ch©v‡qi `ªe¨ I †mev we‡ePbv
Ki‡j †Kvb mgm¨v †`Lv †`q?
(K) NvUwZ mgm¨v (L) ‰ØZ MYbvi mgm¨v
(M) DØ„Ë mgm¨v (N) e¨qMZ mgm¨v
DËi: L
85. wg. Rb GKRbi MvqK| wZwb cÖvqB Zvi eÜz‡`i Mvb
†kvbvb| Zvi GB Kg©KvÐ GDP wba©vi‡Y Kx n‡e?
(K) we‡eP¨ (L) Awe‡eP¨
(M) wb®úÖ‡qvRb (N) MÖnY‡hvM¨
DËi: L
86. A_©bxwZ‡Z gq`v‡K †Kvb `ªe¨ wn‡m‡e we‡ePbv Kiv
nq?
(K) P~ovšÍ `ªe¨ (L) mvgwiK e¨q
(M) cÖv_wgK `ªe¨ (N) g~jabx `ªe¨
DËi: L
87. wØLvZ wewkó A_©bxwZ‡Z mvgwMÖK e¨‡qi mgxKiY
†KvbwU?
(K) AE = C + I +G
(L) AE = C + I
(M) AE = C+I+G+(X-M)
(N) AE=C+I+G+(X-M)-CCA
DËi: L
88. wZb Lv‡Zi A_©bxwZ‡Z mvgwMÖK e¨‡qi ¯’vqxKiY
†KvbwU?
(K) AE=C+I+(X-M) (L) AE=C+I+G
(M) AE=C+A+G (N) AE = A + I + G
DËi: L
89. GKwU †`‡ki A_©bxwZ KqwU Lv‡Z wef³?
(K) `yB Lv‡Z (L) wZb Lv‡Z
(M) Pvi Lv‡Z (N) cuvP Lv‡Z
DËi: L
90. †Lvjv A_©bxwZ‡Z mvgwMÖK e¨q we‡ePbvi mgq
†KvbwU‡K GKwU LvZ wn‡m‡e we‡ePbv Kiv nq?
(K) Af¨šÍixY evwYR¨‡K (L) cvwievwiK Avq‡K
(M) AvšÍR©vwZK evwYR¨‡K (N) cvwievwiK e¨q‡K
DËi: M
91. (X – M) †K Kx wn‡m‡e we‡ePbv Kiv nq?
(K) wbU ißvwb (L) AePq e¨q
(M) wbU Avg`vwb (N) Dcv`b e¨q
DËi: K
92. ¯^q¤¢~Z †fvM †iLvi AvK…wZ †Kgb?
(K) j¤¢ A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj
(L) f~wg A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj
(M) evg n‡Z Wvbw`‡K DaŸ©Mvgx
(N) evg n‡Z Wvbw`‡K wb¤œMvgx
DËi: L
93. †fvM e¨q (C) Avq (Y) Gi Ici wbf©ikxj nq
Zvn‡j †fvM e¨‡qi A‡cÿK n‡e?
(K) C = f(x) (L) Q = f(L,K)
(M) f(C) = Y (N) C = f(Y)
DËi: N
94. C = a +bY †fvM A‡cÿ‡K bY †K ejv nqÑ
(K) ¯^q¤¢~Z †fvM (L) cÖvwšÍK †fvM
(M) cÖ‡ivwPZ †fvM (N) wbU †fvM
DËi: M
95. wb‡Pi †KvbwU ¯^íKvjxb †fvM A‡cÿK?
(K) C = bY (L) C = a + bY
(M) C = Y – S (N) C = Y + S
DËi: L
96. wewb‡qvM e¨q‡K Kq fv‡M fvM Kiv nq?
(K) 2 fv‡M (L) 4 fv‡M
(M) 6 fv‡M (N) 8 fv‡M
DËi: K
97. wewb‡qvM Kx‡mi Ici wbf©i K‡i?
(K) Drcv`‡bi Ici (L) m‡qi Ici
(M) m¤ú‡`i Ici (N) kÖ‡gi Ici
DËi: L
98. wewb‡qv‡Mi g~j D‡Ïk¨ Kx?

7. Pro with Swadhin
(K) cY¨ Drcv`b (L) gybvdv jvf
(M) AwaK `v‡g weµq (N) cY¨ I †mev e›Ub
DËi: L
99. wbw`©ó Avq¯Í‡i ¯^q¤¢~Z wewb‡qvM I cÖ‡ivwPZ wewb‡qvM
†hvM K‡i Kx cvIqv hvq?
(K) wbU wewb‡qvM (L) ‡gvU wewb‡qvM
(M) wbU †fvM e¨q (N) ‡gvU †fvM
DËi: L
100. †Kvb wewb‡qvM Avq Øviv cÖfvweZ bq?
(K) cÖ‡ivwPZ wewb‡qvM (L) ¯^q¤¢~Z wewb‡qvM
(M) ‡gvU wewb‡qvM (N) wbU wewb‡qvM
DËi: L
101. †Kvb e¨q Av‡qj n«vm-e„w× Øviv cÖfvweZ nq?
(K) ¯^q¤¢~Z wewb‡qvM e¨q (L) wewb‡qvM e¨q
(M) cÖ‡ivwPZ wewb‡qvM e¨q (N) †fvM eªq
DËi: M
102. cÖ‡ivwPZ wewb‡qvM ‡iLv Kxiƒc?
(K) wb¤œMvgx (L) DaŸ©Mvgx
(M) Avbf~wgK (N) Dj¤^
DËi: L
103. wewb‡qvM e¨q‡K fvM Kiv nqÑ
(i) cÖ‡ivwPZ †fvM e¨q
(ii) ¯^q¤¢~Z wewb‡qvM e¨q
(iii) cª‡ivwPZ wewb‡qvM e¨q
wbPi †KvbwU mwVK?
(K) i I ii (L) i I iii
(M) ii I iii (N) i, ii I iii
DËi: M
104. wewb‡qvM mgxKiYwU †Kvb wewb‡qvM wb‡`©kK?
(K) ¯^q¤¢~Z wewb‡qvM (L) cª‡ivwPZ wewb‡qvM
(M) wbU wewb‡qvM (N) ‡gvU wewb‡qvM
DËi: N
105. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K wb‡Pi †KvbwU wbU wewb‡qvM?
(K) 15 (L) 25
(M) 50 (N) 60
DËi: N
106. miKvwi e¨q‡K Kx aiv nq?
(K) cÖ‡ivwPZ wewb‡qvM (L) ¯^q¤¢~Z
(M) ¯^q¤¢~Z wewb‡qvM (N) ‡fvM e¨q
DËi: L
107. †`k cwiPvjbv Kivi Rb¨ miKvi †h e¨q K‡i Zv‡K
Kx e‡j?
(K) miKvwi wewb‡qvM (L) miKvwi e¨q
(M) miKvwi FY (N) miKvwi fyZ©wK
DËi: L
108. S = Y – C mgxKiYwU †Kvb ai‡bi A‡cÿK?
(K) ‡fvM (L) wewb‡qvM
(M) Avq (N) mÂq
DËi: K
109. Avq †Z‡K †fvM eªq ev` w`‡j †KvbwU _v‡K?
(K) Avq (L) ‡gvU e¨q
(M) mÂq (N) my‡hvM e¨q
DËi: M
110. Dr‡mi w`K †_‡K mÂq‡K Kq fv‡M fvM Kiv nq?
(K) 2 fv‡M (L) 3 fv‡M
(M) 4 fv‡M (N) 5 fv‡M
DËi: L
111. GKwU †`k g~jZ Kq ai‡bi mÂq wb‡q g~jab MwVZ
nq?
(K) `yB ai‡bi (L) wZb ai‡bi
(M) Pvi ai‡bi (N) cuvP ai‡bi
DËi: L
112. e¨w³i e¨q‡hvM¨ Avq †_‡K Kx ev` w`‡j e¨w³MZ
mÂq cvIqv hvq?
(K) wewb‡qvM e¨q (L) ‡fvM e¨q
(M) F‡Yi my` (N) miKvwi e¨q
DËi: L
113. Avq Kg‡j mÂq Kx nq?
(K) fvimvg¨nxb (L) K‡g
(M) ev‡o (N) w¯’wZkxj
DËi: L
114. Avq evo‡j mÂq Kx nq?
(K) fvimvg¨nxb (L) K‡g
(M) ev‡o (N) w¯’wZkxj
DËi: M
115. gvbyl hv Avq K‡i Zvi meUvB †m Kx K‡i bv?
(K) mÂq (L) Drcv`b
(M) e¨q (N) wewb‡qvM
DËi: M

8. Pro with Swadhin
116. Av‡qi †h Ask eZ©gv‡b †fvM bv K‡i fwel¨‡Zi Rb¨
ivLv nq Zv‡K Kx e‡j?
(K) gRyZ (L) mÂq
(M) wewbgq (N) ‡fvM
DËi: L
117. mÂq I wewb‡qvM m¤ú‡K© Ávb AR©b Kivi Rb¨ KqwU
aviYv Rvbv cÖ‡qvRb?
(K) 2wU (L) 3wU
(M) 4wU (N) 5wU
DËi: K
118. †Kvb gZev` Abymv‡i mÂq I wewb‡qvM †ÿ‡Î mgZv
cÖ‡qvR?
(K) gvK©mxq (L) ‡KBbmxq
(M) wdkvixq (N) Gwi÷Ujxq
DËi: L
120. ‡Kvb ai‡bi mÂq I wewb‡qv‡Mi †ÿ‡Î mgZv
cÖ‡qvR¨?
(K) e¨w³MZ (L) mvgwMÖK
(M) cwiKwíZ (N) e¨emvqMZ
DËi: L
121. †Kv‡bv e¨w³ cÖZ¨vwkZ Avq †_‡K †h mÂq K‡i Zv‡K
Kx e‡j?
(K) cÖK…Z mÂq (L) cwiKwíZ mÂq
(M) e¨w³MZ mÂq (N) mvgwMÖK mÂq
DËi: L
122. cwiKwíZ mÂq I wewb‡qvM †Kvb Avq¯Í‡i ci¯úi
mgvb n‡Z cv‡i?
(K) RvZxq Avq¯Í‡i (L) e¨w³MZ Avq¯Í‡i
(M) miKvwi Avq¯Í‡i (N) fvimvg¨ Avq¯Í‡i
DËi: N
123. wewb‡qvM †_‡K cwiKwíZ mÂq †ewk n‡j †KvbwU
Kg‡e?
(K) Avq (L) wewb‡qvM
(M) Pvwn`v (N) mÂq
DËi: K
124. AwaK wewb‡qvM AwaK Avq m„wó K‡i e‡j Kx ev‡o?
(K) wewb‡qvM (L) mÂq
(M) Pvwn`v (N) ‡hvMvb
DËi: L
125. A_©bxwZ‡Z AE = AI n‡j †KvbwU ci¯úi mgvb nq?
(K) mÂq I Drcv`b (L) e¨q I mÂq
(M) mÂq I gybvdv (N) mÂq I wewb‡qvM
DËi: N
126. †KvbwU †fvM eªq I mÂq Gi mgwói mgvb?
(K) mvgwMÖK e¨q (L) mvgwMÖK Avq
(M) wewb‡qvM e¨q (N) wbU Avq
DËi: L
127. fvimvg¨ n‡jv Ggb GKUv Ae¯’v hvi gva¨‡g KqwU
wecixZ kw³ ci¯úi mgvb nq?
(K) 2wU (L) 3wU
(M) 4wU (N) 5wU
DËi: K
128. Kx Av‡jvPbv ewnf©~Z ivL‡j mvgwMÖK e¨q n‡jv †gvU
†fvM e¨q I wewb‡qvM e¨‡qi mgvb?
(K) ‡emiKvwi LvZ (L) Af¨šÍixY evwYR¨
(M) miKvwi LvZ (N) wkí LvZ
DËi: M
129. wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK fvimvg¨ Avq ¯Í‡i?
(K) mÂq  wewb‡qvM (L) mÂq  wewb‡qvM
(M) mÂq = wewb‡qvM (N) ‡Kv‡bvwUB bq
DËi: M
130. †Kvb ¯Í‡i mswkøó Kvh©vewj cwieZ©‡bi †Kv‡bv cÖeYZv
_v‡K bv?
(K) `vg¯Í‡i (L) Drcv`b ¯Í‡i
(M) Avh¯Í‡i (N) fvimvg¨ ¯Í‡i
DËi: N
131. mÂq I wewb‡qv‡Mi mgZv Øviv Kx wba©vwiZ nq?
(K) ‡fvM e¨q (L) wbU Avq
(M) wewb‡qvM e¨q (N) fvimvg¨ RvZxq Avq
DËi: N
132. fvimvg¨ RvZxq Avq wba©vi‡Yi cÖPwjZ c×wZ KqwU?
(K) `ywU (L) wZbwU
(M) PviwU (N) cuvPwU
DËi: K
133. mvgwMK Av‡qi mgwó n‡jvÑ
(i) wewb‡qvM e¨q (ii) ‡fvM e¨q
(iii) mÂq
wbPi †KvbwU mwVK?
(K) i I ii (L) i I iii

9. Pro with Swadhin
(M) ii I iii (N) i, ii I iii
DËi: K
134. A_©bxwZ wef³ n‡Z cv‡iÑ
(i) GK LvZ wfwËK A_©bxwZ‡Z
(ii) wØ LvZwfwËK A_©bxwZ‡Z
(iii) wZb LvZwfwËK A_©bxwZ‡Z
wbPi †KvbwU mwVK?
(K) i I ii (L) i I iii
(M) ii I iii (N) i, ii I iii
DËi: M
135.
b
1
(
G
I
a o
o
−
+
+
mgxKiYwU Øviv wb‡Pi †KvbwU wb‡`©k
K‡i?
(K) fvimvg¨ Avq (L) mvgwMÖK Avq
(M) cÖK…Z Avq (N) wewb‡qvM
DËi: K
136. Ave× A_©bxwZ‡Z mvgwMÖK e¨‡qi KqwU Dcv`vb
i‡q‡Q?
(K) `yBwU (L) wZbwU
(M) PviwU (N) cuvPwU
DËi: L
137. A †`‡ki GDP = 5 wewjqb Rjvi Avg`vwb 2
wewjqb Wjvi Ges ißvwb 3 wewjqb Wjvi| A †`‡ki
GNP KZ?
(K) 4 wewbqb (L) 5 wewjqb
(M) 6 wewjqb (N) 8 wewjqb
DËi: M
138. wØLvZ wewkó A_©bxwZ‡Z mvgwMÖK e¨q (AE)?
(K) C + I (L) C+I+G
(M) G+I (N) C+G
DËi: K
139. GKwU gy³ A_©bxwZ‡Z C+I+G+(X-M) Øviv wK
†evSvq?
(K) wRwWwc (L) wRGbwc
(M) GbGbwc (N) gv_vwcQz Avq
DËi: L
140. wZb Lv‡Zi A_©bxwZ‡Z fvimvg¨ RvZxq Avq wba©vwiZ
nq Kxfv‡e?
(K) mÂq I wewb‡qvM c×wZ‡Z
(L) mÂq I Avq c×wZ‡Z
(M) wewb‡qvM I Avq c×wZ‡Z
(N) gybvdv I mvgwMÖK e¨q c×wZ‡Z
DËi: K
141. fvimvg¨ Avq wba©vi‡Y †KvbwU we‡ePbv Kiv nq?
(K) wewb‡qvM e¨q (L) mvgwMÖK e¨q
(M) ‡emiKvwi e¨q (N) ‡fvM e¨q
DËi: L
142. †gvU ‡fvM e¨q I wewb‡qvM e¨‡qi mgwó Øviv †KvbwU
cÖKvwkZ nq?
(K) Pvwn`v (L) Drcv`b
(M) gRyZ (N) mÂq
DËi: K
143. wZbLvZ wewkó A_©bxwZ‡Z †KvbwU Av‡jvPbv ewnf©~Z?
(K) miKvwi e¨q (L) wewb‡qvM
(M) e¨w³MZ †fvM e¨q (N) AvšÍR©vwZK evwYR¨
DËi: N
144. gy³ evRvi A_©bxwZ‡Z RvZxq Av‡qi m~Î †KvbwU?
(K) C (L) C+I
(M) C+I+G (N) C+I+G+Xn
DËi: N
145. Ave× A_©bxwZ‡Z mvgwMÖK Pvwn`vi Dcv`vb n‡jv-
(i) miKvwi e¨q
(ii) ‡emiKvwi wewb‡qvM e¨q
(iii) ‡emiKvwi †fvM e¨q
wbPi †KvbwU mwVK?
(K) i I ii (L) i I iii
(M) ii I iii (N) i, ii I iii
DËi: N
AwZ ¸iæZ¡c~Y© welqµg Abyhvqx cÖ‡kœvËi
mvgwMÖK Avq ev AI
1. Av‡gwiKvi A_©bxwZ‡Z gnvg›`vi m„wó nqÑ 1930
mv‡j|
2. mvgwMÖK Avq we‡ePbv Kiv nqÑ e„nËi `„wó‡KvY †_‡K
3. mvgwMÖK Av‡qi mgxKiYÑ Y = C+I+G
4. mvgwMÖK Avq mvaviYZÑ 1 eQ‡ii cÖvß Av‡qi mgwó|
5. e¨emv-evwYR¨ †_‡K gybvdv AwR©Z nqÑ 3wU Dcv‡q|
6. gybvdv‡K fvM Kiv hvqÑ 2 fv‡M|

10. Pro with Swadhin
7. GKK I Askx`vwi e¨emv †_‡K cÖvß Avq n‡jvÑ
†cÖvcvBUwi Avq|
8. K‡c©v‡iU gybvdv ew›UZ nqÑ 3 fv‡M|
9. K‡c©v‡iU e¨emv n‡Z AwR©Z gybvdv‡K e‡jÑ K‡c©v‡iU
gybvdv|
10. GKwU A_©bxwZ m¤úK© cÖv_wgK aviYv cvIqv hvqÑ
mvgwMÖK Avq †_‡K|
‡gvU †`kR Drcv`b ev GDP
1. GKwU †`‡ki Af¨šÍ‡i Drcvw`Z `ªe¨ I †mevi mgwó‡K
e‡jÑ †gvU †`kR Drcv`b|
2. e¨‡qi `„wó‡KvY ‡_‡K e× A_©bxwZ‡ZÑ GDP =
C+I+G.
3. wRwWwc wnmv‡ei mgq ev` w`‡Z nqÑ c‡ivÿ Ki|
4. ‡`‡ki Af¨šÍixY Drcv`b cÖwZdwjZ nqÑ GDP
†_‡K|
5. e× A_©bxwZ‡Z GDP Ges GNP me©`vBÑ mgvb nq|
6. GDP = C + I + G
7. we‡`wk bvMwiK‡`i Avq AšÍf©~³ nqÑ GDP †Z|
8. GDP †Z we‡`‡k Ae¯’vbiZ †`kxq bvMwiK‡`i AvqÑ
AšÍf©~³ nq bv|
9. GDP wnmv‡ei †ÿ‡Î ¸iæZ¡c~Y© we‡eP¨ welq n‡jvÑ
†fŠ‡MvwjK mxgvbv|
10. wbU ißvwb k~b¨ n‡jÑ GDP = GDP nq|
‡gvU RvZxq Avq ev GNI
1. ‡gvU †`kR Drcv`‡bi mv‡_ wbU Dcv`vb Avq‡hvM K‡i
cvIqv hvqÑ GNI
2. GK eQ‡ii Drcvw`Z `ªe¨mgvMÖx I †mevKv‡h©i †gvU
g~j¨ n‡jvÑ †gvU RvZxq Avq|
3. ‡gvU RvZxq Av‡qj gva¨‡g Rvbv hvq †`‡kiÑ
A_©‰bwZK Ae¯’v|
4. we‡`‡k Ae¯’vbiZ †`kxq bvMwiK‡`i Avq AšÍf©~³
nqÑ GNI †Z|
5. Drcv`b e¨‡qi Ask bqÑ c‡ivÿ Ki|
6. miKvi †`k cwiPvjbv I Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ †h e¨q K‡i
_v‡K Zv n‡jvÑ miKvwi e¨q|
7. GNI-Gi Dcv`vbÑ 4wU|
8. miKvwi †fvM e¨q n‡jvÑ GNI Gi Dcv`vb|
wbU RvZxq Avq ev NNI
1. NNI cwigv‡ci m~Î n‡jv= C+I+G+(X-M)-CCA
2. CCA ej‡Z †evSv‡bv nqÑ g~ja‡bi e¨enviRwbZ
AePq e¨q|
3. GNI †_‡K CCA ev` w`‡q cvIqv hvqÑ NNI.
4. gv_vwcQz Avq wbY©q Kiv hvqÑ NNI Øviv|
5. NNI Gi c~Y©iƒcÑ Net National Income.
6. gy³ A_©bxwZ‡Z NNI †ei Kivi mgq †hvM Ki‡Z
nqÑ wbU ißvwb g~j¨|
7. ‡`‡ki A_©bxwZi cÖK…Z Ae¯’v Rvbv hvqÑ wbU RvZxq
Drcv`b †_‡K|
8. NNP †_‡K c‡ivÿ Ki ev` w`‡j hv _v‡K ZvBÑ
NNI.
9. wbU RvZxq Av‡q AšÍf©~³ nqÑ e¨emv‡qi Avq|
‡gvU RvZxq Avq I wbU RvZxq Av‡qi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨
1. RvZxq Avq aviYvi g‡a¨ cwigvc Kiv KwVbÑ NNI
2. gv_vwcQz Av‡qi mwVK wnmve cvIqv hvqÑ NNI-‡Z|
3. A_©‰bwZK Ae¯’v AvkvcÖ` bvI n‡Z cv‡iÑ GNI †ewk
n‡j|
4. ‡gvU wewb‡qvM †_‡K AePq ev` w`‡j cvIqv hvqÑ wbU
wewb‡qvM e¨q|
5. GKwU †`‡ki A_©bxwZi mwVK wPÎ cvIqv hvqÑ NNI
†_‡K|
6. g~jabmvgMÖxi ÿqÿwZ AšÍf©~³ _v‡KÑ †gvU RvZxq
Av‡q|
7. GDP I we‡`k †_‡K cÖvß wbU Av‡qi mgwó n‡jvÑ
NNI
8. GbGbAvB-Gi cwigvc wewfbœ iKg n‡Z cv‡iÑ
wRGbAvB †`Iqv _vK‡jI|
mvgwMÖK Avq cwigv‡ci c×wZmg~n
1. evsjv‡`‡ki A_©bxwZÑ 15wU Lv‡Z wef³|
2. Y = C+I+G+(X-M) GB mgxKiY (X-M) n‡jvÑ
ißvwbÑ Avg`vwb|
3. e¨q c×wZ‡Z wRwWwcÑ †fvM + wewb‡qvM + miKvwi
e¨q + wbU ißvwb|
4. RvZxq Avq cwigvc Kiv hvqÑ 3 c×wZ‡Z|

11. Pro with Swadhin
5. Avq c×wZ Abymv‡i g~jab †_‡K Av‡mÑ my`|
6. msMV‡bi cÖvß AvqÑ gybvdv|
7. RvZxq Avq n‡jv Drcv`b Kv‡h© e¨eüZ DcKi‡Yi
cÖvß Av‡qi mgwóÑ Avq c×wZ|
8. Avq c×wZ‡Z wRwWwcÑ LvRbv + gRywi + my` +
gybvdv|
9. ‡gvU †`kR Drcv`b cwigvc Kiv nqÑ 15wU Lv‡Zi
Drcv`b g~j¨ †hvM K‡i|
10. Drcv`b c×wZ‡Z we‡ePbvq Avbv nqÑ P~ovšÍ `ªe¨|
mvgwMÖK Avq cwigv‡ci mgm¨vmg~n
1. ‡hme `ªe¨ Drcv`‡bi ci mivmwi †fv‡M e¨eüZ nq
Zv‡`i‡K ejv nqÑ P~ovšÍ `ªe¨|
2. GKB wRwbm `yBevi MYbv Kiv n‡j Zv‡K e‡jÑ ˆØZ
MYbv mgm¨v|
3. RvZxq Avq MYbvq `ªe¨ I †mev we‡ewPZ nqÑ P~ovšÍ
ch©v‡qi|
4. g~jabx jvfÿwZ we‡ewPZ nq bvÑ RvZxq Drcv`‡b|
5. ‰ØZ MYbvq mgm¨v m„wó n‡eÑ gva¨wgK `ªe¨ we‡ePbv
Ki‡j|
6. hy×Kvjxb FY †Kv‡bv f~wgKv iv‡L bvÑ GNI wbY©‡qi
†ÿ‡Î|
7. ‰Zwi †cvkvK‡KÑ PzovšÍ `ªe¨ wn‡m‡e we‡ePbv Kiv nq|
8. GDP MYbvi †ÿ‡Î AšÍf©~³ nq bvÑ AZx‡Z Drcvw`Z
cY¨|
9. A_©bxwZ‡Z gq`v‡K we‡ePbv Kiv nqÑ gva¨wgK `ªe¨
wn‡m‡e|
mvgwMÖK e¨q
1. wØLvZ wewkó A_©bxwZ‡Z mvgwMÖK e¨‡qi mgxKiYÑ
AE=C+I
2. GKwU †`‡ki A_©bxwZ wef³Ñ wZb Lv‡Z|
3. wØLvZ wewkó A_©bxwZ‡Z †fv‡Mi Rb¨ e¨envi Kiv
nqÑ P~ovšÍ `ªe¨ I †mev|
4. ‡Lvjv A_©bxwZ‡Z mvgwMÖK e¨q we‡ePbvi mgq LvZ
wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ nqÑ AvšÍR©vwZK evwYR¨|
5. (X-M) †K we‡ePbv Kiv nqÑ wbU ißvwb wn‡m‡e|
6. wZb Lv‡Zi A_©bxwZ‡Z mvgwMÖK e¨qÑ C+I+G
7. PviLv‡Zi A_©bxwZ‡Z mvgwMÖK e¨q n‡jvÑ
C+I+G+NX
8. ‰ØZMYbv Gov‡bvi Rb¨ C+I+G †_‡K ev` †`qv nqÑ
cÖv_wgK I gva¨wgK `ªe¨ g~j¨|
9. mvgwMÖK e¨‡qi ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Ask n‡jvÑ miKvwi e¨q|
‡fvM e¨q I Z`m¤úwK©Z †iLvmg~n
1. ¯^q¤¢~Z †fvM †iLvi AvK…wZÑ f~wg A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj|
2. ‡fvM e¨q A‡cÿKÑ C=/(Y)
3. ¯^íKvjxb †fvM A‡cÿKÑ C=a + dY.
4. ¯^q¤¢~Z †fvM eRvq _v‡KÑ ¯^íKv‡j|
5. Avq k~b¨ n‡jI wKQz cwigvY †fvM _vK‡eÑ ¯^q¤¢~Z
†fvM|
6. cÖ‡ivwPZ †fvM e¨q †iLvÑ Wvbw`‡K DaŸ©Mvgx|
8. gvbyl Zvi Pvwn`v †gUv‡bvi Rb¨ †hme `ªe¨ I †mev µq
K‡i A_© e¨q K‡i Zvi mgwóBÑ †fvM e¨q|
9. ‡fvM e¨q wbf©ikxjÑAv‡qj Ici|
10. Av‡qi †P‡q Kg nv‡i ev‡oÑ †fvM e¨q|
11. Av‡qi Ici wbf©i K‡i bvÑ ¯^q¤¢~Z ‡fvM|
12. k~b¨ Av‡qI eRvq _v‡KÑ ¯^q¤¢~Z †fvM|
wewb‡qvM e¨q
1. wewb‡qvM e¨q‡K fvM Kiv nqÑ 2 fv‡M|
2. wewb‡qv‡Mi wfwË n‡jvÑ mÂq|
3. wewb‡qv‡Mi D‡Ïk¨ n‡jvÑ gybvdv jvf|
4. Ab¨vb¨ Ae¯’v AcwiewZ©Z †Z‡K Avq evo‡jÑ wewb‡qvM
ev‡o|m
5. ¯^q¤¢~Z wewb‡qvM I cÖ‡ivwPZK wewb‡qv‡Mi mgwó n‡jvÑ
‡gvU wewb‡qvM|
6. Av‡qi n«vm-e„w× Øviv cÖfvweZ nqÑ cÖ‡ivwPZ
wewb‡qvM|
7. cyivZb g~ja‡bi mv‡_ AwZwi³ wKQz g~jab †hvM Kiv
n‡j Zv‡KÑ wewb‡qvM e‡j|
8. cÖ‡ivwPZ wewb‡qvM †iLvÑ DaŸ©Mvgx|
9. wewb‡qvM e¨q‡K fvM Kiv hvqÑ ¯^qùzZ I cÖ‡ivwPZ
wn‡m‡e|
miKvwi e¨q I mÂq
1. miKvwi e¨q‡K aiv nqÑ ¯^q¤¢~Z e¨q wn‡m‡e|

12. Pro with Swadhin
2. ‡`k cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ miKvi †h A_© e¨q K‡i ZvBÑ
miKvwi e¨q|
3. mÂq †iLvi mgxKiY n‡jvÑ S = Y – C.
4. miKvwi e¨q ev‡oÑ Ki evo‡j|
5. miKvi e¨‡qi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq A_© †c‡q _v‡KÑ Ki
‡_‡K|
6. Avq †_‡K †fvM e¨q ev` w`‡j hv _v‡K ZvB n‡jvÑ
mÂq|
7. mÂq †iLv evg †_‡K Wvbw`‡KÑ DaŸ©gyLx|
8. Avq evo‡j, evo‡eÑ mÂq|
9. Av‡qi mv‡_ m‡qi m¤úK©Ñ abvZ¥K|
miKvwi e¨q I mÂq
1. miKvwi e¨q‡K aiv nqÑ ¯^q¤¢~Z e¨q wn‡m‡e|
2. ‡`k cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ miKvi †h A_© e¨q K‡i ZvBÑ
miKvwi e¨q|
3. mÂq †iLvi mgxKiY n‡jvÑ S = Y – C
4. miKvwi e¨q ev‡oÑ Ki evo‡j|
5. miKvi e¨‡qi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq A_© ‡c‡q _v‡KÑ Ki
†_‡K|
6. Avq †_‡K †fvM e¨q ev` w`‡j hv _v‡K ZvB n‡jvÑ
mÂq|
7. mÂq †iLv evg †_‡K Wvbw`‡K Ñ DaŸ©gyLx|
8. Avq evo‡j, evo‡eÑ mÂq|
9. Av‡qi mv‡_ m‡qi m¤úK©Ñ abvZ¥K|
m‡qi †kÖwYwefvM
1. Avq †_‡K †fvM e¨q ev` w`‡j _v‡KÑ mÂq|
2. Dr‡mi w`K †_‡K mÂq‡K fvM Kiv hvqÑ 3 fv‡M|
3. GKwU †`‡k mÂq wb‡q g~jab MwVZ nqÑ 3 ai‡bi|
4. e¨q‡hvM¨ Avq †_‡K †fvM e¨q ev` w`‡j _v‡KÑ
e¨w³MZ mÂq|
5. Avq I m‡qi m¤úK©Ñ mggyLx|
6. miKv‡ii ivR¯^ †_‡K miKvwi e¨q ev` w`‡j _v‡KÑ
miKvwi mÂq|
7. e¨emv evwYR¨ I KjKviLvbvi Aew›UZ gybvdv n‡jvÑ
e¨emvMZ mÂq|
8. e¨emvMZ mÂq miKvwi mÂq wb‡q MwVZ nqÑg~jab|
9. cÖZ¨vwkZ Avq †_‡K cÖZ¨vwkZ mÂq‡K e‡jÑ
cwiKwíZ mÂq|
10. cÖvß I cÖvße¨Zvi wfwˇZ mÂqÑ `yB cÖKvi|
11. mgv‡Ri cÖZ¨vwkZ mÂq‡K ejv nqÑ cwiKwíZ mÂq|
mÂq I wewb‡qv‡Mi g‡a¨ m¤úK©
1. mÂq I wewb‡qvM m¤ú‡K© cÖPwjZ i‡q‡QÑ 2wU aviYv|
2. mÂq I wewb‡qvM ci¯úi mgvbÑ †KBbmxq gZev‡`|
3. wewb‡qvM wbf©ikxjÑ m‡qi Ici|
4. wewb‡qvM cwiKwíZ mÂq †ewk n‡jÑ Avq Kg‡e|
5. GKwU †`‡k wewb‡qvM †ewk n‡e hw` †ewk nqÑ mÂq|
6. mÂq I wewb‡qv‡Mi mgZv cÖ‡hvR¨ bqÑ e¨w³MZ mÂq
I wewb‡qv‡Mi †ÿ‡Î|
7. mÂq I wewb‡qvM me mgq mgvb nqÑ cÖK…Z mÂq I
wewb‡qv‡M|
8. mÂq I wewb‡qvM Kg †ewk n‡Z cv‡iÑ cwiKwíZ
mÂq I wewb‡qv‡M|
fvimvg¨ RvZxq Avq
1. A_©bxwZ‡Z AE = AI n‡j ci¯úi mgvb nqÑ S I I.
2. ‡fvMe¨q I m‡qi mgwó‡K ejv nqÑ mvgwMÖK Avq|
3. ‡gvU †fvM e¨q I wewb‡qvM e¨q mgvb bqÑ miKvwi
Lv‡Z|
4. fvimvg¨ Avq ¯Í‡iÑ mÂq + wewb‡qvM|
5. fvimvg¨ Avq wba©vwiZ nqÑ AI = AE n‡j|
6. C+I+G †`Lv hvqÑ †KBbmxq A_©bxwZ‡Z|
7. mÂq I wewb‡qv‡Mi mgZv Øviv wba©vwiZ nqÑ fvimvg¨
RvZxq Avq|
8. S = I ¯Í‡i wba©vwiZ nqÑ fvimvg¨ Avq|
9. fvimvg¨ RvZxq Avq wba©vi‡Y cÖPwjZÑ `ywU c×wZ|
10. fvimvg¨ve¯’vqÑ AD = AS nq|
Ave× A_©bxwZ‡Z fvimvg¨ Avq wba©viY
1.
)
b
I
(
G
I
a 0
a
−
+
+
= fvimvg¨ Avq (Y)|
2. Ave× A_©bxwZ‡Z mvgwMÖK e¨‡qi Dcv`vbÑ 3wU|
3. wØLvZ wewkó A_©bxwZ‡Z mvgwMÖK e¨qÑ C+I
4. e× A_©bxwZ‡Z fvimvg¨ n‡jvÑ Y = C + I + G
5. Ave× A_©bxwZ MwVZÑ 3wU LvZ wb‡q|

13. Pro with Swadhin
6. fvimvg¨ Avq wba©vi‡Y we‡ewPZ nqÑ mvgwMÖK e¨q|
7. Ave× A_©bxwZ‡Z we‡ePbv ewnf©~Z _v‡KÑ AvšÍR©vwZK
evwYR¨|
8. cÖ‡ivwPZ †fvM wbf©ikxjÑ Av‡qi Ici|
9. wZb LvZ wewkó AZ©bxwZ‡ZÑ AvšÍR©vwZK evwYR¨
cÖ‡hvR¨ bq|