The document summarizes information on agriculture and forestry in the Philippines. It defines agriculture and forestry, discusses their importance to the Philippine economy, and identifies factors that have affected these sectors such as urbanization, climate change, and lack of emerging technologies. The document also discusses strategies to improve sustainability, such as urban agriculture, community-based forestry, and the roles of local governments.

1. Economic Sector Study –
Agriculture and Forestry
Presented by:
Leonardo G. Cereno

2. Agriculture

3. What is Agriculture?
The word agriculture came from two
latin words (i.e., Ager means Field and
Cultura means Cultivation).
Agriculture therefore refers to the
cultivation and production of crops
and plants and raising of livestock for
economic purposes and human needs.

4. Why Agriculture?
Agriculture plays a significant role in the
Philippine economy. Involving about 40
percent of Filipino workers, it
contributes an average of 20 percent to
the Gross Domestic Product.
This output comes mainly from
agribusiness, which in turn accounts for
about 70 percent of the total agricultural
output.

5. Agriculture in the Philippines
The Philippine economy is heavily
based on agriculture.
In the second quarter of 2022, the
value of production in agriculture
and fisheries at constant 2018
prices decreased by -0.6 percent.

6. What caused the decline?
 Government’s failure to protect the interest of our
local farmers in favor of globalization and
commercialization;
 Employment across other industry sectors are also
luring away farmers to take on and adapt a
different role (e.g., manufacturing, BPOs and
construction) thus affecting the number of those
who work for the agricultural sector and thus
affecting its outputs; and
 Failure to use emerging technologies (as
compared to other neighboring nations) to
improve the produce in this industry to better
supply the food requirements of the nation and
address the climate changes.

7. What is an Urbanization?
 Large numbers of people
become permanently
concentrated in relatively
small areas, forming cities.
 Refers to the population
movement from rural to urban
areas

8. Urbanization in the Philippines and Its
Influence on Agriculture
 declining share of agriculture
in the national economy
 minimal reduction in
employment in the agricultural
sector
 land conversion

9. Philippine Law on Urbanization
Republic Act 7279 otherwise known
as the “Urban Development and
Housing Act (UDHA of 1992) -
requires local government to adopt
an effective mechanism to monitor
trends in the movement of people
from rural to urban, urban to
urban, and urban to rural.

10. Urban Agriculture
Also known as urban farming, it is defined as “the
growing, processing and distribution of food crops
and animal products in the urban environment,
through the local community.
Forms (Philippine setting):
 containerized and modular farming;
 vertical farming;
 backyard gardens;
 Greenhouses;
 Aquaponics; and
 beekeeping.

12. Benefits of Urban Agriculture
 Provides solution to food shortages;
 Reduce the harmful effect of climate change;
 Sense of fulfillment;
 Transformed sensitivity at their environment;
 Desire to grow more and raise more food as they
seem tastier and more nutritious;
 Recycle, Reuse and Reduce waste materials; and
 Sense of being.

13. Planning and land use management for Urban
Agriculture
 Identification of areas for urban agriculture
 Identification of common agricultural land use

14. Effects of Climate Change on Philippine Agriculture
 about 20 tropical cyclones enter the
country each year;
 food shortage;
• long dry season affects the
amount of water available for
irrigation and domestic use; and
• short amount of time for wet
season and more frequent and
intense typhoons come during
that period.

15. Agriculture Sustainability
provide the means by which humans
can meet our needs without harming
the environment.
• economic profitability for farmers;
• the promotion of environmental stewardship;
and
• an increase in welfare for farmers, their
communities, and their animals while
producing enough to meet the needs of
humans.

16. Role of LGU in Agriculture Sustainability
 invest in the development of a climate-smart agriculture
 Subsidy scheme (50:50 sharing) with the farmers;
 Livelihood Assistance for Individual and Association;
 Distribution of fingerlings, cattle animals and provide vet health
service;
 Distribution of high value commercial crops seedlings and
agricultural supplies and machineries;
 Awarding of Gulayan sa Bakuran;
 Promotion of Agriculture Courses by providing scholarship for
deserve students

17. Forestry

18. What is Forestry?
Forestry is the science and
craft of creating, managing,
planting, using, conservation
and repairing forests,
woodlands, and associated
resources for human and
environmental benefits.

19. Why Forestry?
 elements that belong to the
biological, physical, social,
political and managerial sciences
 play a vital role of creation and
modification of habitats and affect
ecosystem

20. Forestry in the Philippines
Forests are among the most valuable
natural resources in the Philippines:
 provision of food crops, livestock and
fishes
 vital for biological conservation and
environmental protection
 locations for education and research
 home to some 12-15 million indigenous
people

21. Forestry in the Philippines
In 2021, the gross value added
(GVA) amounting to around 2.7
billion Philippine pesos in forestry
and logging sector
• gross value added is the
measurement of the contribution
made to an economy by one
individual producer, industry,
sector or region

22. What caused the decline?
 kaingin - agricultural and housing
needs;
 commercial and illegal logging –
soil erosion
 global warming – climate change
 lack of jobs and wages, and
absence of farm lots – invasion of
forest
 poor apprehension - lack of
enforcement and
institutionalizing of policies / law

23. Strategy to Protect the Forest
 Granting of Community Based
Forest Management Agreement
(CBFM)
 Issuance of timber license
agreement system (TLA)
 Environmental Management System

24. Doing something for Forestry Sustainability
 Passage of new law;
 To develop and adopt a sustainable forest management
strategy;
 Incentives;
 Establishment of Urban Forestry / Communal and Green
City;
 Enhanced the commercial logging ban, assistance from law
enforcement agencies and establishment of Multi-sectoral
Forest Protection Council;
 Promote research and education;
 Promote Agroforestry;
 Establishment of Sustainable Forest Development Fund;
 Enchanced criminal offenses and penalties; and
 Review ownership documents.

25. Role of LGU in Forest Sustainability
For LGU:
a. Establishment of on-site research services and facilities;
b. Implementation of community-based forestry projects;
For Local Chief Executive:
c. Efficient, effective and economical governance of LGU and shall
adopt adequate measures to safeguard and conserve forest;
For Sangguniang Bayan:
d. Approve ordinances and pass resolutions necessary for:
• an efficient and effective LGU;
• that shall protect the environment;
• impose appropriate penalties for illegal acts; and
• that shall ensure the efficient and effective delivery of
the basic services and facilities for forest conservation;