OPEN CHANNEL FLOW AND HYDRAULIC MACHINERY
Open channel flow: Types of flows – Type of channels – Velocity distribution – Energy and momentum correction factors – Chezy’s, Manning’s; and Bazin formula for uniform flow – Most Economical sections. Critical flow: Specific energy-critical depth – computation of critical depth – critical sub-critical – super critical flows
Non-uniform flows –Dynamic equation for G.V.F., Mild, Critical, Steep, horizontal and adverse slopes-surface profiles-direct step method- Rapidly varied flow, hydraulic jump, energy dissipation
OPEN CHANNEL FLOW AND HYDRAULIC MACHINERY
Open channel flow: Types of flows – Type of channels – Velocity distribution – Energy and momentum correction factors – Chezy’s, Manning’s; and Bazin formula for uniform flow – Most Economical sections. Critical flow: Specific energy-critical depth – computation of critical depth – critical sub-critical – super critical flows
Non-uniform flows –Dynamic equation for G.V.F., Mild, Critical, Steep, horizontal and adverse slopes-surface profiles-direct step method- Rapidly varied flow, hydraulic jump, energy dissipation
Class notes of Geotechnical Engineering course I used to teach at UET Lahore. Feel free to download the slide show.
Anyone looking to modify these files and use them for their own teaching purposes can contact me directly to get hold of editable version.
WEIRS VERSUS BERRAGE
TYPES OF WEIRS
COMPONENT PARTS OF A WEIR
CAUSES OF FAILURE OF WEIRS & THEIR REMEDIES
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
DESIGN FOR SURFACE FLOW
DESIGN OF BARRAGE OR WEIR
Class notes of Geotechnical Engineering course I used to teach at UET Lahore. Feel free to download the slide show.
Anyone looking to modify these files and use them for their own teaching purposes can contact me directly to get hold of editable version.
WEIRS VERSUS BERRAGE
TYPES OF WEIRS
COMPONENT PARTS OF A WEIR
CAUSES OF FAILURE OF WEIRS & THEIR REMEDIES
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
DESIGN FOR SURFACE FLOW
DESIGN OF BARRAGE OR WEIR
It is very simple............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ Just edit it and present it.
Flow Equations for sluice gate.Introduces different flow equations to students which are widely utilized for the design of sluice gates connected to open channel.This tutorial will help to understand and articulate the basic flow equation utilized by designers all over the world.
Uniform Flow: Basic concepts of free surface flows,
velocity and pressure distribution,
Mass, energy and momentum principle for prismatic and non-prismatic channels,
Review of Uniform flow: Standard equations,
hydraulically efficient channel sections,
compound sections,
Energy-depth relations:
Concept of specific energy, specific force,
critical flow, critical depth,
hydraulic exponents, and
Channel transitions.
Uniform Flow: Basic concepts of free surface flows,
velocity and pressure distribution,
Mass, energy and momentum principle for prismatic and non-prismatic channels,
Review of Uniform flow: Standard equations,
hydraulically efficient channel sections,
compound sections,
Energy-depth relations:
Concept of specific energy, specific force,
critical flow, critical depth,
hydraulic exponents, and
Channel transitions.
An open channel is a conduit in which a liquid flows with a free surface.
The free surface is actually an interface between the moving liquid and an overlying fluid medium and will have constant pressure.
In civil engineering applications; water is the most common liquid with air at atmospheric pressure as the overlying fluid.
The prime motivating force for open channel flow is gravity.
An open channel is a conduit in which a liquid flows with a free surface.
The free surface is actually an interface between the moving liquid and an overlying fluid medium and will have constant pressure.
In civil engineering applications; water is the most common liquid with air at atmospheric pressure as the overlying fluid.
The prime motivating force for open channel flow is gravity.
An open channel is a conduit in which a liquid flows with a free surface.
The free surface is actually an interface between the moving liquid and an overlying fluid medium and will have constant pressure.
In civil engineering applications; water is the most common liquid with air at atmospheric pressure as the overlying fluid.
The prime motivating force for open channel flow is gravity.
Courier management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
It is now-a-days very important for the people to send or receive articles like imported furniture, electronic items, gifts, business goods and the like. People depend vastly on different transport systems which mostly use the manual way of receiving and delivering the articles. There is no way to track the articles till they are received and there is no way to let the customer know what happened in transit, once he booked some articles. In such a situation, we need a system which completely computerizes the cargo activities including time to time tracking of the articles sent. This need is fulfilled by Courier Management System software which is online software for the cargo management people that enables them to receive the goods from a source and send them to a required destination and track their status from time to time.
Event Management System Vb Net Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
In present era, the scopes of information technology growing with a very fast .We do not see any are untouched from this industry. The scope of information technology has become wider includes: Business and industry. Household Business, Communication, Education, Entertainment, Science, Medicine, Engineering, Distance Learning, Weather Forecasting. Carrier Searching and so on.
My project named “Event Management System” is software that store and maintained all events coordinated in college. It also helpful to print related reports. My project will help to record the events coordinated by faculties with their Name, Event subject, date & details in an efficient & effective ways.
In my system we have to make a system by which a user can record all events coordinated by a particular faculty. In our proposed system some more featured are added which differs it from the existing system such as security.
Quality defects in TMT Bars, Possible causes and Potential Solutions.PrashantGoswami42
Maintaining high-quality standards in the production of TMT bars is crucial for ensuring structural integrity in construction. Addressing common defects through careful monitoring, standardized processes, and advanced technology can significantly improve the quality of TMT bars. Continuous training and adherence to quality control measures will also play a pivotal role in minimizing these defects.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL GENERAL FAMILIARIZATION COURSEDuvanRamosGarzon1
AIRCRAFT GENERAL
The Single Aisle is the most advanced family aircraft in service today, with fly-by-wire flight controls.
The A318, A319, A320 and A321 are twin-engine subsonic medium range aircraft.
The family offers a choice of engines
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
2. UNIFORM FLOW IN OPEN
CHANNELS
Definitions
a) Open Channel: Duct through which
Liquid Flows with a Free Surface - River,
Canal
b) Steady and Non- Steady Flow: In
Steady Flows, all the characteristics of flow
are constant with time. In unsteady flows,
there are variations with time.
3. Parameters of Open
Channels
a) Wetted Perimeter, P : The Length of contact
between Liquid and sides and base of Channel
P = B + 2 D ; D = normal depth
Hydraulic Mean Depth or Hydraulic Radius (R): If
cross sectional area is A, then R = A/P, e.g. for
rectangular channel, A = B D, P = B +2D
Area, A
Wetted Perimeter
D
B
4. Empirical Flow Equations for Estimating Normal Flow
Velocities
a) Chezy Formula (1775):
Can be derived from basic principles. It states that: ;
Where: V is velocity; R is hydraulic radius and S is
slope of the channel. C is Chezy coefficient and is a
function of hydraulic radius and channel roughness.
SRCV
5. Definitions
a) Freeboard: Vertical distance between
the highest water level anticipated in the
design and the top of the retaining banks. It
is a safety factor to prevent the overtopping of
structures.
b) Side Slope (Z): The ratio of the
horizontal to vertical distance of the sides of
the channel. Z = e/d = e’/D
6. DESIGN OF CHANNELS FOR
STEADY UNIFORM FLOW
Channels are very important in Engineering projects
especially in Irrigation and, Drainage.
Channels used for irrigation are normally called canals
Channels used for drainage are normally called drains.
7. MOST EFFICIENT SECTION
During the design stages of an open channel, the
channel cross-section, roughness and bottom slope
are given.
The objective is to determine the flow velocity, depth
and flow rate, given any one of them. The design of
channels involves selecting the channel shape and
bed slope to convey a given flow rate with a given
flow depth. For a given discharge, slope and
roughness, the designer aims to minimize the
cross-sectional area A in order to reduce
construction costs
8. The most ‘efficient’ cross-sectional shape is determined for uniform flow
conditions. Considering a given discharge Q, the velocity V is maximum
for the minimum cross-section A. According to the Manning equation the
hydraulic diameter is then maximum.
It can be shown that:
1.the wetted perimeter is also minimum,
2.the semi-circle section (semi-circle having its centre in the surface)
is the best hydraulic section
Because the hydraulic radius is equal to the water cross section area
divided by the wetted parameter, Channel section with the least wetted
parameter is the best hydraulic section
9. RECTANGULAR SECTION
For a rectangular section
Q=AV, where Q=discharge through the
channel,
A=area of flow.
V=velocity with which
water is flowing in the
channel.
For Q to be maximum ,V needs to be
maximum, Since A = constant.
But V=Cmi
Where m= hydraulic mean depth.
i= bed slope.
m=A/P where P=wetted perimeter.
For m to be maximum ,P minimum
11. TRAPEZOIDAL SECTION
For a rectangular section
Q=AV, where Q=discharge through the
channel,
A=area of flow.
V=velocity with which
water is flowing in the
channel.
For Q to be maximum ,V needs to be
maximum, Since A = constant.
But V=Cmi
Where m= hydraulic mean depth.
i= bed slope.
m=A/P where P=wetted perimeter.
For m to be maximum ,P minimum