Python has some limitations compared to other languages like C and C++. It is slower for parallel processing and computation of heavy tasks due to being an interpreted language. Documentation is also still evolving compared to other mature languages. Additionally, Python lacks true multiprocessor support, has limited commercial support, and it can be difficult to package large Python applications into single executable files for distribution.
Cute Love Quotes to Make Her Smile and Feeling Shy Wishes Quotes
Beautiful Cute Love Quotes and Sayings to Make Her Smile and Feeling Shy. You guys can Impress to your love partner or girlfriend by these lovely cute love quotes.
The document discusses programming languages and their evolution. It begins by explaining that a programming language allows communication between humans and computers by telling computers what tasks to perform. It then summarizes the main types of programming languages:
1) Machine language uses binary and is directly understood by computers but is difficult for humans.
2) Assembly language uses mnemonics to make machine language more readable for programmers.
3) High-level languages use words and concepts familiar to humans, making programming accessible to non-experts. However, programs must be translated before computers can execute them.
4) Fourth generation languages provide even more human-friendly features like built-in database support.
Apache Velocity is a Java-based template engine that allows separation of design and code through templates. It defines its own template language (VTL) and processes templates at runtime rather than compiling them. Velocity has been an Apache project since 2006, is 100% Java-based, and is used widely in projects like Struts, Turbine, and Maven for code generation, documentation, and more.
Intro to programming and how to start that careerTarek Alabd
That was my talk with Mofakroon team.
That was an intro to programming.
What is programming and programming languages?
Why should we learn programming?
12 benefits from learning programming.
Why all these programming languages?
What is he best programming language?
Everything about programming and how to lean the basics.
There are three main categories of programming languages: machine languages, assembly languages, and higher-level languages. Higher-level languages are divided into five generations - third being the first true English-like languages, fourth allowing visual programming, and fifth hypothetically using artificial intelligence. The software development life cycle has five phases - needs analysis, program design, development, implementation, and maintenance.
This document discusses different types of computer languages. It begins by distinguishing between programming languages and other computer languages like markup languages. It then categorizes languages as either low-level or high-level. Low-level languages like machine language and assembly language are closer to machine code, while high-level languages use English-like syntax and are translated to machine code. Several examples of each type are provided along with their advantages and disadvantages.
Python has some limitations compared to other languages like C and C++. It is slower for parallel processing and computation of heavy tasks due to being an interpreted language. Documentation is also still evolving compared to other mature languages. Additionally, Python lacks true multiprocessor support, has limited commercial support, and it can be difficult to package large Python applications into single executable files for distribution.
Cute Love Quotes to Make Her Smile and Feeling Shy Wishes Quotes
Beautiful Cute Love Quotes and Sayings to Make Her Smile and Feeling Shy. You guys can Impress to your love partner or girlfriend by these lovely cute love quotes.
The document discusses programming languages and their evolution. It begins by explaining that a programming language allows communication between humans and computers by telling computers what tasks to perform. It then summarizes the main types of programming languages:
1) Machine language uses binary and is directly understood by computers but is difficult for humans.
2) Assembly language uses mnemonics to make machine language more readable for programmers.
3) High-level languages use words and concepts familiar to humans, making programming accessible to non-experts. However, programs must be translated before computers can execute them.
4) Fourth generation languages provide even more human-friendly features like built-in database support.
Apache Velocity is a Java-based template engine that allows separation of design and code through templates. It defines its own template language (VTL) and processes templates at runtime rather than compiling them. Velocity has been an Apache project since 2006, is 100% Java-based, and is used widely in projects like Struts, Turbine, and Maven for code generation, documentation, and more.
Intro to programming and how to start that careerTarek Alabd
That was my talk with Mofakroon team.
That was an intro to programming.
What is programming and programming languages?
Why should we learn programming?
12 benefits from learning programming.
Why all these programming languages?
What is he best programming language?
Everything about programming and how to lean the basics.
There are three main categories of programming languages: machine languages, assembly languages, and higher-level languages. Higher-level languages are divided into five generations - third being the first true English-like languages, fourth allowing visual programming, and fifth hypothetically using artificial intelligence. The software development life cycle has five phases - needs analysis, program design, development, implementation, and maintenance.
This document discusses different types of computer languages. It begins by distinguishing between programming languages and other computer languages like markup languages. It then categorizes languages as either low-level or high-level. Low-level languages like machine language and assembly language are closer to machine code, while high-level languages use English-like syntax and are translated to machine code. Several examples of each type are provided along with their advantages and disadvantages.
This document summarizes the components and working of a music player device controlled by user input. The device uses an Arduino, musical instrument shield, piezodiscs, and a resistor ladder circuit with switches to detect button presses and play corresponding notes. When buttons are pressed, different voltages are sent to an analog input to trigger the associated note. The device allows playing single notes or combinations by pressing multiple buttons.
The document provides an overview of the C programming language. It discusses that C was developed at Bell Labs in the 1970s and influenced by other languages like BCPL. The core concepts covered include C's character set, keywords, basic program structure with main function, header files, data types, variables, constants, and declarations. An example "Hello World" C program is also given.
C lecture 3 control statements slideshareGagan Deep
The document discusses different types of loops in programming languages that are used for repetition of tasks. It describes while, do-while and for loops as the three main types of loops. While and do-while loops are conditional loops that check a condition each time before repeating the code block. For loops allow repetition for a set number of times using three expressions for initialization, condition and increment. Some examples are provided to demonstrate the use of these loops to print numbers from 1 to 10.
The document discusses key concepts of object-oriented programming in C++ including classes, objects, access modifiers, inheritance, polymorphism, and function overloading. It provides examples of defining classes with data members and member functions, as well as inheriting from base classes and overriding methods in derived classes. The document is intended as an introduction to important OOP concepts in C++.
C is a general-purpose programming language developed between 1969 and 1973 by Dennis Ritchie at Bell Labs. It was created to write the UNIX operating system and became widely popular. Key features of C include being a robust language with built-in functions and operators, producing efficient and fast programs, and being highly portable. C laid the foundation for many other languages and important programs like Linux, PHP, and MySQL are written in C. It does not support object-oriented programming concepts but provides low-level access to memory.
The document discusses source-to-source compilers. It defines a source-to-source compiler as a compiler that takes source code as input and produces source code as output, which can then be used as input for another compiler. Some key differences between regular compilers and source-to-source compilers are discussed. Examples of popular source-to-source compilers like ROSE, DMS, OpenMP, and Cetus are provided.
Prosa Tradisional Dua geliga hikmat Bahasa Malaysia SPMhanif_azraei
Cerita ini menceritakan tentang perjalanan Inderaputera yang bertemu dengan peri dan mendapat geliga Mayan Bedi. Kemudian, Inderaputera menyembunyikan pakaian Tuan Puteri Seri Ratna Gemala Nehran dan berjanji akan mengembalikannya jika diberi geliga hikmat. Inderaputera berjaya menewaskan binatang dan raksasa, lalu diberi geliga hikmat oleh Tuan Puteri. Cerita ini mengajar arti keb
Identifiers are names given to variables, functions, and other user-defined items in a program to uniquely identify them. Identifiers must be different from keywords and other identifiers. They can include letters, digits, and underscores but must begin with a letter or underscore. Common examples of identifiers are variable and function names like roll_no and average. Identifiers are case-sensitive and allow programmers to reference specific program elements like variables during execution.
The document discusses the basics of computer hardware and software. It describes the main components of a computer including the processor, memory, and input/output devices. It also discusses application software, system software, programming languages, and algorithms. Additionally, it defines the characteristics of computers like speed, accuracy, and storage capacity. The document goes on to describe common computer registers like the accumulator, general purpose registers, and the program counter. Finally, it discusses algorithms and flowcharts as tools for representing the steps in a computer program.
HTML 5 is the latest web technology used in new browsers, while lower versions of HTML may not work in new browsers. The curriculum needs to be updated to list HTML 5 tags and teach jQuery in addition to basic JavaScript to bridge the gap between classroom learning and industry technologies and APIs. The outcomes are to list HTML 5 tags and compare JavaScript and jQuery to adapt to new APIs.
The document describes a fully managed fraud detection and compliance service called NetReveal OnDemand. It offers key benefits such as industry-focused interfaces, need-to-know data access controls, and full management of the solution to simplify deployment and operations. The service aims to help financial institutions focus on their core businesses by reducing costs, complexity, and reliance on internal IT teams through an expertly managed security solution.
History of Computer Programming Languages.pptxAliAbbas906043
The document discusses the history and development of programming languages from the first algorithm created by Ada Lovelace in 1843 to modern languages. It outlines several important events and milestones, including the first assembly language in 1949, FORTRAN in 1957, COBOL and ALGOL in 1959, BASIC and PASCAL in the 1960s-1970s, C and SQL in 1972, Ada in the 1980s, Java and JavaScript in 1995, and Swift in 2014. The document concludes that programming languages have come a long way from early machine codes to today's high-level, readable languages and will likely continue advancing in the future.
This document provides an overview of variables and constants in C#. It discusses the definition and initialization of variables, including value types like integers, floats, characters and reference types. Constants refer to fixed values that cannot be altered, and include integer, floating point, character and string literals. Various examples are provided of defining and initializing different types of variables and constants in C#.
Prototyping of Indian Electronic Voting MachineIJERDJOURNAL
Abstract: The Voting System of a country consists of certain regulations which define how the preference of people is collected and how outcome of the polling process is indicating the will of people. To implement such a system in the largest democracy in the world is a cumbersome task. An indigenous Electronic Voting Machine was introduced by the Election Commission of India to overcome the issues with manual voting which was slower and inefficient. In this paper the Indian Electronic Voting Machine’s Protocol for voting is implemented on a field programmable gate array. The ASIC based design is known to be faster than a microcontroller based design. Furthermore the use of an ASIC based design will make the Electronic Voting Machine a more reliable and tamper resistant machine. The new Voter-verified paper audit trail (VVPAT) system could also be interfaced with the ASIC based design. The protocol of Indian Electronic Voting Machine has been successfully implemented on a Basys 2 board using Verilog HDL. The FPGA based implementation gets half the job done for ASIC based EVM. The tool used for simulation and implementation is Xilinx ISE Design Suite with ISim as a Simulator
The document discusses the character set, keywords, and identifiers in the C programming language. It provides lists of uppercase and lowercase letters, digits, and special characters that are valid in C. It also lists and describes common keywords for data types, qualifiers, loop controls, user-defined types, jumping controls, and storage classes. Rules for writing identifiers are outlined, noting they must start with a letter, can include letters, digits, and underscores, and the first 31 characters are significant to the compiler.
IRJET- Gas Leakage Detection and Controlling SystemIRJET Journal
This document describes a gas leakage detection and controlling system developed using a MQ-2 gas sensor, Raspberry Pi 3, piezo buzzer, and stepper motor. The sensor detects LPG concentrations and sends the data to the Raspberry Pi. If gas levels exceed a threshold, the system alerts the user by email and sound, and activates the stepper motor to automatically shut off the gas regulator valve. The system is programmed with Python and provides an automatic control action to stop gas flow when leaks are detected.
This PPT is for First year engineering student,It covered all about C Programming according to Rajastha Technical University Kota.
flowchart, pseudo code, Programming Languages and Language Translators, Identifiers, Constants, Variables, Basic Data Types, Operators, Expressions, type casting, Input / Output Statement, Scope Rules and Storage classes, Preprocessor and Macro Substitution.
This document summarizes the components and working of a music player device controlled by user input. The device uses an Arduino, musical instrument shield, piezodiscs, and a resistor ladder circuit with switches to detect button presses and play corresponding notes. When buttons are pressed, different voltages are sent to an analog input to trigger the associated note. The device allows playing single notes or combinations by pressing multiple buttons.
The document provides an overview of the C programming language. It discusses that C was developed at Bell Labs in the 1970s and influenced by other languages like BCPL. The core concepts covered include C's character set, keywords, basic program structure with main function, header files, data types, variables, constants, and declarations. An example "Hello World" C program is also given.
C lecture 3 control statements slideshareGagan Deep
The document discusses different types of loops in programming languages that are used for repetition of tasks. It describes while, do-while and for loops as the three main types of loops. While and do-while loops are conditional loops that check a condition each time before repeating the code block. For loops allow repetition for a set number of times using three expressions for initialization, condition and increment. Some examples are provided to demonstrate the use of these loops to print numbers from 1 to 10.
The document discusses key concepts of object-oriented programming in C++ including classes, objects, access modifiers, inheritance, polymorphism, and function overloading. It provides examples of defining classes with data members and member functions, as well as inheriting from base classes and overriding methods in derived classes. The document is intended as an introduction to important OOP concepts in C++.
C is a general-purpose programming language developed between 1969 and 1973 by Dennis Ritchie at Bell Labs. It was created to write the UNIX operating system and became widely popular. Key features of C include being a robust language with built-in functions and operators, producing efficient and fast programs, and being highly portable. C laid the foundation for many other languages and important programs like Linux, PHP, and MySQL are written in C. It does not support object-oriented programming concepts but provides low-level access to memory.
The document discusses source-to-source compilers. It defines a source-to-source compiler as a compiler that takes source code as input and produces source code as output, which can then be used as input for another compiler. Some key differences between regular compilers and source-to-source compilers are discussed. Examples of popular source-to-source compilers like ROSE, DMS, OpenMP, and Cetus are provided.
Prosa Tradisional Dua geliga hikmat Bahasa Malaysia SPMhanif_azraei
Cerita ini menceritakan tentang perjalanan Inderaputera yang bertemu dengan peri dan mendapat geliga Mayan Bedi. Kemudian, Inderaputera menyembunyikan pakaian Tuan Puteri Seri Ratna Gemala Nehran dan berjanji akan mengembalikannya jika diberi geliga hikmat. Inderaputera berjaya menewaskan binatang dan raksasa, lalu diberi geliga hikmat oleh Tuan Puteri. Cerita ini mengajar arti keb
Identifiers are names given to variables, functions, and other user-defined items in a program to uniquely identify them. Identifiers must be different from keywords and other identifiers. They can include letters, digits, and underscores but must begin with a letter or underscore. Common examples of identifiers are variable and function names like roll_no and average. Identifiers are case-sensitive and allow programmers to reference specific program elements like variables during execution.
The document discusses the basics of computer hardware and software. It describes the main components of a computer including the processor, memory, and input/output devices. It also discusses application software, system software, programming languages, and algorithms. Additionally, it defines the characteristics of computers like speed, accuracy, and storage capacity. The document goes on to describe common computer registers like the accumulator, general purpose registers, and the program counter. Finally, it discusses algorithms and flowcharts as tools for representing the steps in a computer program.
HTML 5 is the latest web technology used in new browsers, while lower versions of HTML may not work in new browsers. The curriculum needs to be updated to list HTML 5 tags and teach jQuery in addition to basic JavaScript to bridge the gap between classroom learning and industry technologies and APIs. The outcomes are to list HTML 5 tags and compare JavaScript and jQuery to adapt to new APIs.
The document describes a fully managed fraud detection and compliance service called NetReveal OnDemand. It offers key benefits such as industry-focused interfaces, need-to-know data access controls, and full management of the solution to simplify deployment and operations. The service aims to help financial institutions focus on their core businesses by reducing costs, complexity, and reliance on internal IT teams through an expertly managed security solution.
History of Computer Programming Languages.pptxAliAbbas906043
The document discusses the history and development of programming languages from the first algorithm created by Ada Lovelace in 1843 to modern languages. It outlines several important events and milestones, including the first assembly language in 1949, FORTRAN in 1957, COBOL and ALGOL in 1959, BASIC and PASCAL in the 1960s-1970s, C and SQL in 1972, Ada in the 1980s, Java and JavaScript in 1995, and Swift in 2014. The document concludes that programming languages have come a long way from early machine codes to today's high-level, readable languages and will likely continue advancing in the future.
This document provides an overview of variables and constants in C#. It discusses the definition and initialization of variables, including value types like integers, floats, characters and reference types. Constants refer to fixed values that cannot be altered, and include integer, floating point, character and string literals. Various examples are provided of defining and initializing different types of variables and constants in C#.
Prototyping of Indian Electronic Voting MachineIJERDJOURNAL
Abstract: The Voting System of a country consists of certain regulations which define how the preference of people is collected and how outcome of the polling process is indicating the will of people. To implement such a system in the largest democracy in the world is a cumbersome task. An indigenous Electronic Voting Machine was introduced by the Election Commission of India to overcome the issues with manual voting which was slower and inefficient. In this paper the Indian Electronic Voting Machine’s Protocol for voting is implemented on a field programmable gate array. The ASIC based design is known to be faster than a microcontroller based design. Furthermore the use of an ASIC based design will make the Electronic Voting Machine a more reliable and tamper resistant machine. The new Voter-verified paper audit trail (VVPAT) system could also be interfaced with the ASIC based design. The protocol of Indian Electronic Voting Machine has been successfully implemented on a Basys 2 board using Verilog HDL. The FPGA based implementation gets half the job done for ASIC based EVM. The tool used for simulation and implementation is Xilinx ISE Design Suite with ISim as a Simulator
The document discusses the character set, keywords, and identifiers in the C programming language. It provides lists of uppercase and lowercase letters, digits, and special characters that are valid in C. It also lists and describes common keywords for data types, qualifiers, loop controls, user-defined types, jumping controls, and storage classes. Rules for writing identifiers are outlined, noting they must start with a letter, can include letters, digits, and underscores, and the first 31 characters are significant to the compiler.
IRJET- Gas Leakage Detection and Controlling SystemIRJET Journal
This document describes a gas leakage detection and controlling system developed using a MQ-2 gas sensor, Raspberry Pi 3, piezo buzzer, and stepper motor. The sensor detects LPG concentrations and sends the data to the Raspberry Pi. If gas levels exceed a threshold, the system alerts the user by email and sound, and activates the stepper motor to automatically shut off the gas regulator valve. The system is programmed with Python and provides an automatic control action to stop gas flow when leaks are detected.
This PPT is for First year engineering student,It covered all about C Programming according to Rajastha Technical University Kota.
flowchart, pseudo code, Programming Languages and Language Translators, Identifiers, Constants, Variables, Basic Data Types, Operators, Expressions, type casting, Input / Output Statement, Scope Rules and Storage classes, Preprocessor and Macro Substitution.
2. I. Resursele de subsol:
1. Minereuri de fier: Muntii Ural, Peninsula Crimeea, Suedia (Kiruna), nordul
Norvegiei, bazinul francez Lorena iar in Romania in M. Banatului, Poiana Rusca si
Harghita;
2. Minereuri neferoase: Scandinavia, Romania (grupa N a Carpatilor Orientali,
Apuseni), bauxita (M. Padurea Craiului) etc.;
3. Petrol si gaze: Marea Nordului, Marea Caspica si campiile limitrofe, Marea Neagra
in NV, bazinul Peciorei din Campia Rusa, Romania ( Subcarpati, Campia Romana,
Depresiunea colinara a Transilvaniei, Dealurile de Vest, Campia de Vest);
4. Carbuni: M. Ural, Wales si Northumberland in Marea Britanie, Rhur in Germania,
Silezia in Polonia si Cehia, Asturia in Spania iar in Romania in Depresiunea Petrosani,
Podisul Getic, Subcarpatii de Curbura si Getici, Campia de Vest etc.;
5. Roci de constructie: granit (Finlanda, Scoţia, Munţii Măcin), bazalt (Masivul Central
Francez, Irlanda, M.Harghitei), marmură (Grecia, Italia, Norvegia, Munţii Poiana Ruscă);
6. Sare: Polonia, Germania, Spania, Romania (Subcarpati, P. Sucevei, P. Transilvaniei)
3. II. Resursele de apa:
1. Energia hidroelectrică: Norvegia, Alpi, Dunăre (România, Serbia), Volga
(Rusia);
2. Energia geotermală: Italia, Islanda, România (Câmpia de Vest);
3.Ape minerale: România (Vatra Dornei, Borsec, Harghita), Franţa (Vichy), Cehia
(Karlovy-Vary);
4.Lacuri: agrement, piscicultură, irigaţii, etc.
4. III.Resurse atmosferice şi extraatmosferice:
1.Energia eoliană: Olanda, Germania, Danemarca;
2.Energia solară: Franţa, Spania, Germania, Marea Britanie;
IV. Resursele vegetale: păduri, păsuni, fâneţe.
Din punct de vedere economic, mai importante sunt padurile de conifere,
pajistile montane si cele din lungul raurilor
V. Resursele de sol: cernoziom (fertilitate ridicată), argiluvisoluri (fertilitate
medie); terenuri agricole in zonele de campie si deal
9. Este industria ce prelucrează resursele energetice.
Resursele energetice sunt:
Petrolul extras din două regiuni cu rezerve mari de ţiţei:
bazinul caspic şi uralian
bazinul Mării Nordului
România extrage petrol din platforma Mării Negre, Câmpia Română, Subcarpaţi etc., dar
acesta este insuficient pentru nevoile ţării noastre.
Se prelucrează în rafinării. Principalele ţării producătoare sunt Regatul Unit, Olanda,
Norvegia.
Gazele naturale se extrage împreună cu petrolul, dar există în cantităţi modeste.
Gazul metan se extrage din Podişul Transilvaniei.
Cărbunii au declanşat Revoluţia Industrială. Două regiuni de extracţie se disting pe întinsul
european:
nord-vestul Europei, Middlands în Regatul Unit, Ruhr în Germania, Silezia în Polonia
nordul Mării Negre, Donbass în Ucraina şi Rusia
10. Este industria ce, folosind diferite resurse, produce energie electrică. Aceasta se produce în
termocentrale, hidrocentrale, atomocentrale, geocentrale, mareocentrale.
Termocentrale
Utilizează gazul metan, gazele asociate, cărbunii, produse petroliere.
Numeroase pe întinsul continentului. Sunt extrem de poluante şi în partea de vest a Europei a
început procesul de înlocuire a acestora.
Hidrocentralele
Folosesc forţa apei prin sisteme hidroenergetice construite pe râuri. Cea mai mare pondere a
energiei elelctrice obţinută prin forţa apei o au Elveţia, Germania şi Norvegia.
Atomocentrale
Bazate pe resursele mari de uraniu deţinute, Franţa şi Rusia şi-au dezvoltat numeroase
atomocentrale. Reprezintă o alternativă mai puţin poluantă pentru producerea energiei
electrice.
Geocentrale
Acestea folosesc apele termale. Acest tip de centrală este utilizat larg în Islanda.
Mareocentrale
Energia electrică este obţinută datorită mareelor. Pe râul Rance, în Franţa există o asemenea
centrală.
11. Este industria ce prelucrează fierul, utilizând şi mangan şi cocs (obţinut prin
prelucrarea huilei). Cele mai mari rezerve de fier din lume sunt la Kursk –
Bolgorod în Rusia, Krivoi Rog şi Nikopol în Ucraina.
Siderurgia s-a dezvoltat în spaţiile ce deţin aceste resurse: Middlands, Alsacia,
Silezia, Donbass, sau în apropierea porturilor care pot asigura materiile
prime: Galaţi, Dunkerque, Taranto. Statele producătoare de oţel sunt Germania,
Franţa, Regatul Unit, Ucraina şi Rusia.
12. Este industria ce prelucrează minereurile de cupru, plumb, zinc, aur şi argint.
Statele cu centre de concentrare şi reducere a acestor resurse sunt Germania,
Franţa, Belgia, România.
13. Produsele obţinute în industria siderurgică şi a metalurgiei neferoase sunt folosite
de această industrie obţinându-se utilaj petrolier, utilaje industriale, utilaj minier,
autoturisme, mijloace de transport, produse electrice şi electrotehnice.
Mecanică fină şi roboţi se produc în Danemarca, Olanda, Elveţia, Austria.
Utilaj industrial excelează în Franţa şi Germania.
Material rulant se produce în Ucraina, Rusia, România, Polonia, Germania, Regatul
Unit.
Autoturisme se fac în Franţa, Germania, Italia, Spania, Cehia, Polonia, România,
Suedia.
Aeronautică produc statele Regatul Unit, Franţa, Germania.
Nave se fac în şantierele navale din Regatul Unit, Franţa, Islanda, Norvegia,
Olanda, Danemarca, Germania.
14. Prelucrează chimic diferite materii prime: sarea, potasiul, sulful, petrolul, gazul
metan, stuf, paie, cauciucul natural, apatitele, fosforitele.
Carbochimia foloseşte cărbunele şi resursele carbonice (grafit, diamante). Se
produce grafit artificial în Bavaria (Germania), la Moscova şi Paris. Diamante
artificiale sunt produse la Anvers, Amsterdam, Lisabona, Sankt
Petersburg (Rusia), Londra. Alte produse ale acestei industrii sunt cocsul, gudronul,
uleiurile speciale, fibrele chimice.
Petrochimia foloseşte ca materie primă petrolul. Produce cauciuc sintetic (mai
ales, în Franţa), mase plastice, fibre, fire, răşini (în Germania, Regatul Unit,
Rusia), produse clorosodice (România, Polonia), îngrăşăminte (Franţa şi Rusia).
Industria produselor farmaceutice şi cosmetice
Se află în marile metropole europene..
15. Este industria ce utilizează masa forestieră a Europei. Cea
mai întinsă pădure europeană este taigaua. Aşa se explică
principalele ţări producătoare de produse
lemnoase: Suedia, Finlanda, Rusia. Alături de
acestea, Franţa, Spania, Italia, România, Germania.
16. Este industria ce utilizează rocile de construcţie şi produce
ciment, var, ipsos, sticlă, articole din sticlă, ceramică
pentru construcţii, ceramică fină etc.
Este localizată în proximitatea resurselor, dominând statele
sudice.
17.
18. Europa are agricultura de tip temperat. În partea de sud a Europei se remarcă agricultura de tip tropical, cu măslini şi
citrice.
Regiunile cerealiere sunt în partea de vest şi cea centrală a Europei.
Plantele tehnice: floarea-soarelui, soia, sfecla de zahăr, inul şi cânepa
Floarea soarelui este cultivată în Rusia, Ucraina, România, Ungaria, Serbia, Spania, Franţa.
Sfecla de zahăr este cultivată în partea de nord-vest şi cea de nord a Europei. În România se cultivă în spaţiile mai reci,
depresionare.
Rapiţa se cultivă în Franţa şi Germania.
Inul se cultivă în Franţa de Nord şi Belgia, iar cânepa în partea de sud-est a continentului.
Cartoful
Se cultivă din Pen. Scandinavia până în peninsulele sudice.
Legumele
Se cultivă în spaţiile din apropierea marilor oraşe.
Viţa-de-vie
Bazinele marine sudice deţin ponderea cea mai mare a suprafeţelor viticole: Spania, Franţa, Italia, Grecia, România, Rep.
Moldova.
19.
20. Bovinele Creşterea bovinelor este principala ramură zootehnică europeană. Marile
efective sunt repartizate în Rusia, Franţa, Germania, Regatul Unit, Danemarca,
Olanda, Suedia, România, Polonia.
Porcinele În Germania, Rusia, Polonia, Spania, Ucraina, Franţa, Olanda.
Ovinele Regiunile cu tradiţie a transhumanţei practică creşterea ovinelor; Europa de
Est, Europa de Sud şi Arhip. Britanic.
Sericicultura Reprezintă creşterea viermilor de mătase şi se practică în Rusia,
Germania, România, Polonia datorită culturii dudului.
Avicultura Creşterea păsărilor este practicată în Europa de Est în jurul gospodăriilor,
iar intensiv sunt crescute în Belgia, Olanda, Franţa, Germania, Danemarca.
21. Industria alimentară
Această ramură economică este larg practicată de toate statele europene. Unele
state vest-europene sunt exportatoare de produse alimentare, iar ţările din partea
de est exportă produsele culese.
Industria produselor textile
Această ramură are tradiţii vechi în Europa.
Bumbacul are centrele la Manchester, Lille, Milano, Hamburg, Anvers, Lodz,
Barcelona. Lâna are concentraţie mare în Regatul Unit, Franţa, Italia.
Mătase naturală se produce în Italia, Franţa, Elveţia.
Industria pielăriei şi a încălţămintei
Este concentrată în Europa de Vest, dar şi în Rusia.
22. Transporturile pe uscat, pe apă, speciale, aeriene.
Transporturile pe uscat cuprind transporturi feroviare şi rutiere
Transporturile feroviare cuprind o reţea bine dezvoltată în Europa. Deşi traficul s-a
redus, s-au extins trenurile de mare viteză. Metroul bine reprezentat în marile oraşe
preia o parte dintre călători.
Transporturile rutiere dispun de o reţea densă de şosele şi autostrăzi. Autostrăzile
sunt dezvoltate în special în vestul Europei.
Transporturile pe apă cuprind : transporturi fluviale ce folosesc marile fluvii
europene
( Dunăre, Rin, Volga, Ron, Elba etc.) şi numeroase canale ( ex. Rin-Main-Dunăre) şi
trtansporturi maritime folosite în special pentru importuri de materii prime. Mari
porturi : Rotterdam, Hamburg, Londra, Marsilia, Genova.
23. Transporturile speciale cuprind: transporturi prin conducte(
petrol-oleoducte , gaze naturale) şi telecomunicaţiile (
telefon, fax, internet)
24. Transporturile aeriene sunt folosite în
special pentru traficul de pasageri şi
mărfuri perisabile
Marile aeroporturi europene sunt
Frankfurt , Paris, Londra.
25. In Europa se remarca mai multe tipuri de turism :
- balneo – maritime ;
- cultural – istoric ;
- turism montan ;
- sporturi de iarna .
26. Turismul balneo – maritim, legat de plajele europene ( cura helio – marina si serosoli )
este foarte dezvoltat pe tarmurile Marii Mediterane .
Principalele statiuni sunt : Palma de Mallorca si Valensia ( in Spania ), Nisa si Cannes (
in Franta ), Lan Remo ( in Italia ) s.a. Alte statiuni exist ape tarmurile Marii Negre, pe
tarmurile marilor nordice ( Marea Baltica, Marea Nordului, Marea Irlandei ) si pe tarmul
Oceanului Atlantic, unde mai cunoscute sunt : Estoril ( Portugalia ), San Sebastian (
Spania ), Biarrits ( Franta .Exista, de asemenea, statiuni care valorifica apele minerale
: Vichy ( in Franta ), Karlovy Vary ( in Cehia ), Baile Herculane ( in Romania ) .
27. Turismul cultural – istoric este, de asemenea, bine dezvoltat, intrucat pe
continental europen exista multe realizari omenesti demne de adirat intre care :
- palate si castele, intre care cele din Paris si imprejurimi ( Versailles) si de pe valea
Loarei, in Franta, din Londra si din imprejurimi ( Buckingham, Windsor ) in Marea
Britanie, numeroasele castele din Spania, Germania, Austria ;
- cele mai mari si renumite catedrale din lume : Sf. Petru din Vatican, Notre-Dame
din Paris, Westminster din Londra, catedralele din Koln ( Germania ) si Sevilla (
Spania ), Vasili Blajenii din Moscova, domurile din Florenta si Milano ( Italia );
- cele mai mari si bogate muzee ale lumii : Luvru ( Paris ), British Museum ( Londra
), Ermitaj ( Sankt Petesburg ), Prado ( Madrid ), Ufizzi ( Florenta ), Muzeele
Vaticanului ;
28. Turismul montan si sporturi de iarna . Acest tip de turism este practicat indeosebi in
Muntii Alpi, care concentreaza cea mai importanta dotare in domeniu din lume . Aici
exista numeroase statiuni, multe fiind de renume international : Chamonix ( Franta ),
Cortina d’ Ampezzo ( Italia ), Davos si Saint – Moritz ( Elvetia ), Innsbruck ( Austria ),
Gramisch Partenkichen ( Germania ) .
Amenajari turistice de nivel international exista si in celelalte regiuni muntoase
europene : Carpati ( Zakopane in Poiana si Poiana Brasov in Romania ), Alpii
Scandinaviei ( Sillehammer in Norvegia ) etc .
29. Turismul cultural – istoric este, de
asemenea, bine dezvoltat, intrucat
pe continental europen exista multe
realizari omenesti demne de adirat
intre care :
-vestigii istorice : ruine de cetati-
orase grecesti, castre romane,
- palate si castele
- poduri, turnuri, coloane, arcuri de
triumph, fantani, statui
30. Alte atractii turistice importante sunt :
- unele pesteri valoroase prin picturile rupestre stravechi ( Lascaux, Franta ) sau cu
amenajari pentru a fi vizitate ;
- cascade ( mai ales in Alpii Scandinaviei ), canioane, defile si chei spectaculoase (
Defileul Dunarii ) s.a.