ECDIS BAHASA INDONESIA

1. AIS/05
Andy Norris
October 2005
Navigation Displays
Electronic charts in the international arena
Dr Andy Norris
Chairman IEC TC80
Special Professor in Navigation Technology, Nottingham University, UK

2. AIS/05
Andy Norris
October 2005
Navigation displays
• Kemajuan teknologi terus berkembang termasuk
dalam pengoperasian kapal.
• Peralatan yang dioperasikan secara individu
mulai diganti dengan sistem yang terintegrasi
• Sistem navigasi juga mengganti penggunaan
kertas.
• Sebagai contoh integrated ‘navigation display’
saat ini di kapal telah menggunakan The modern
electronic chart
• Tidak heran jika peraturan baik nasional maupun
internasional mulai mengatur penggunaan
teknologi ini d kapal.

3. AIS/05
Andy Norris
October 2005
Mengapa perlu menggunakan
navigational displays?
• Interconnected information is brought to an optimum position for
ease of use
• User controlled processes can use this data in an integrated
manner, eg a comparison of position from two or more sources
can be easily compared manually or automatically
• Careful design will create specifically configured displays for
specific tasks – task oriented displays.
• Navigation systems start becoming multiple sensors feeding into
one or more navigation displays, reducing costs but improving
functionality and availability (built-in redundancy)
• These displays can replace the need for paper-based navigation
material, increasing the benefits of integration and reducing the
problems of keeping data up-to-date

4. AIS/05
Andy Norris
October 2005
The International Maritime Organization
• A UN body that sets minimum standards for shipping with the
agreement of its member States and with the prime objective:
“to provide machinery for cooperation among Governments in the field of
governmental regulation and practices relating to technical matters of all
kinds affecting shipping engaged in international trade; to encourage and
facilitate the general adoption of the highest practicable standards in
matters concerning maritime safety, efficiency of navigation and
prevention and control of marine pollution from ships” (Article 1a)
• In many cases the ‘requirements’ of IMO are not applicable to leisure
vessels, smaller cargo vessels, fishing vessels, work boats, etc
• In general, national regulations govern the standards for such
vessels

5. AIS/05
Andy Norris
October 2005
International Electrotechnical Commission
An organization of national standards bodies working to get
international agreement on electrotechnical standards
• Founded in 1906
• First President – Lord Kelvin
• Based in Geneva
• Very good support from the US through ANSI
• IEC Technical Committee 80 (TC80) work alongside IMO
producing international standards for the marine industry
• These marine standards include those for radar, ECDIS, AIS,
VDR, GMDSS equipment, etc
• Other relevant work on international marine standards is
performed by the International Standards Organization, also
based in Geneva

6. AIS/05
Andy Norris
October 2005
Maritime legislation
IMO
Conventions Resolutions
International
technical
standards
National
Administration
National
requirements
National
Administrations
SOLAS vessels Non-SOLAS vessels
National
technical
standards
National maritime law
eg IEC
Government

7. AIS/05
Andy Norris
October 2005
IMO Safety of Life at Sea Convention
• Covers a wide range of measures designed to
improve the safety of shipping
• Original version (1914) arose after the sinking of the
Titanic
• Chapter V (Safety of Navigation) defines the
requirements for navigation equipment, services
and systems, including the requirements for the
carriage and use of nautical charts

8. AIS/05
Andy Norris
October 2005
SOLAS Chapter V Regulation 19.2.1.4
All ships irrespective of size* shall have nautical charts and nautical
publications to plan and display the ship’s route for the intended
voyage and to plot and monitor positions throughout the voyage;
an Electronic Chart Display and Information System (ECDIS)
may be accepted as meeting the chart carriage requirements of
this subparagraph
* In Regulation 1 (Applications) SOLAS states that the Administration shall
determine what extent the provisions shall apply to smaller vessels
Nautical charts

9. AIS/05
Andy Norris
October 2005
SOLAS Chapter V Regulation 2
Nautical Chart or nautical publication is a special-purpose map or
book, or a specially compiled database from which such a map
or book is derived, that is issued officially by or on the authority
of a Government, authorized Hydrographic Office or other
relevant government institution and is designed to meet the
requirements of marine navigation
What is a nautical chart?

10. AIS/05
Andy Norris
October 2005
SOLAS Chapter V Regulation 18 (Edited from)
For ECDIS to be accepted as satisfying the chart
carriage requirement of regulation 19.2.1.4, that
system shall conform to the relevant performance
standards not inferior to those adopted by the
Organization in effect on the date of installation*
* Resolution A.817(19)
What is an ECDIS?

11. AIS/05
Andy Norris
October 2005
What is an ECDIS? (2)
• Administrations, manufacturers
and type approval agencies
use IEC 61174 as their design
requirement and test standard
• This standard is based on IMO
resolution A817(19), the IHO
standards S52 and S57 and
other IMO and IEC
requirements that are common
to all (SOLAS) marine
equipment

12. AIS/05
Andy Norris
October 2005
Back-up
SOLAS Chapter V Regulation 19.2.1.5
All ships irrespective of size shall have back-up arrangements to
meet the functional requirements of subparagraph .4, if this
function is partly or fully fulfilled by electronic means;*
* An appropriate folio of paper nautical charts may be used as a back-up
arrangement for ECDIS. Other back-up arrangements for ECDIS are
acceptable (see appendix 6 to resolution A.817(19), as amended)

13. AIS/05
Andy Norris
October 2005

14. AIS/05
Andy Norris
October 2005
What is an Electronic Chart System (ECS)?
• IMO – electronic chart equipment not complying
with (and type approved to) the ECDIS
Performance Standard
• IEC – electronic chart equipment that conforms to
the emerging standard IEC 62376
• In general:
i. Electronic chart equipment designed for the navigation of
non-SOLAS vessels
ii. Electronic chart equipment designed to assist the
navigation of SOLAS vessels, when primarily navigating on
paper charts

15. AIS/05
Andy Norris
October 2005
Why do we need ECS if ECDIS is the IMO
standard?
• ECDIS is expensive and requires large screen sizes and is
therefore too large for use on many smaller vessels
• It is a professional tool, needing training to operate
• The market size is limited and therefore, with the added
complexity of very strict type approval requirements, it is
therefore slow moving in its use of new technology and features
• ECDIS is designed to replace the use of paper charts on a
‘SOLAS’ vessel, ECS can be used on a SOLAS vessel provided
paper charts remain in use
• National administrations can decide the chart carriage
requirements for smaller vessels, operating in their waters,
which opens up the possibility of ECS to be used as a
replacement for paper charts on those vessels

16. AIS/05
Andy Norris
October 2005
IEC 62376 Electronic Chart Systems
• An international standard in its final
stages of development
• Convened by the United States
• A final meeting to agree the draft of
the standard for international voting
is planned for this fall in Lisbon,
Portugal
• The feedback from the voting will
be fed into the document and a
Final Draft International Standard
(FDIS) will be issued for final vote.
A full standard can be expected to
be issued in 2006
• This emerging standard will be
discussed in more detail by other
speakers at this conference

17. AIS/05
Andy Norris
October 2005
ECS and ECDIS data
• In general, for an ECDIS to be able to replace the use of paper
charts the chart data must conform to the International
Hydrographic Organization’s definition of Electronic Navigational
Charts (ENCs), as defined in S57
• In particular this data should be issued by or on the authority of
a Government, authorized Hydrographic Office or other relevant
government institution
• The data standards for ECS are in the hands of national
Administrations
• There is an ISO (International Standards Organization) standard
for ECS data, ISO 19379, that can be referenced in national
standards, if Administrations consider it to be suitable

18. AIS/05
Andy Norris
October 2005
• Partly because of the convergence of navigation ‘instrumentation’ IMO
has recently issued a performance standard ‘for the presentation of
navigation-related information on shipborne navigational displays’ -
MSC191(79)
• It is aimed at ensuring that all navigational displays adopt a consistent
human machine interface philosophy and implementation
• IMO recognises that displays are becoming task oriented and therefore
have user selected presentations in addition to the obligatory
requirements
• The requirements take priority over presentation requirements of
individual equipment standards
• They are also applicable to equipment that IMO has not mandated to
be carried
• Terms, abbreviations, colours and symbols are standardised
• Data arrangement, readability, integrity marking, alarms, screen size
are among the items covered
• In particular, overlay of AIS and radar on charts is covered
Navigational displays – MSC 191(79)

19. AIS/05
Andy Norris
October 2005
IEC 62288 Presentation of navigation-related
information
• This is turning the IMO
navigational display
requirement into a technical
standard with standardised
tests
• The work is not expected to
be completed until 2007
• Not an isolated document –
supports existing standards
• Also being convened by the
US

20. AIS/05
Andy Norris
October 2005
ECS equipment selection
When selecting an ECS assess at least the following:
• Does it meet the national requirements for a vessel of my type, size and
operational area?
• Is it suitable to display approved and available ECS/ENC data for my area of
operation?
• Is it sufficiently easy to apply updates/new editions of data?
• Are my navigation sensors, particularly GPS, compatible (NMEA/IEC
standards)?
• Does it have effective tools to allow proper and rapid route planning?
• Will it fit into available space that is operationally appropriate?
• Is the display size, resolution and brightness adjustment suitable for use in my
chosen position?
• Does it have sufficient after-sales backup if it fails?
Also answer the question:
• What will be my back-up solution if the equipment fails at sea?

21. AIS/05
Andy Norris
October 2005
In conclusion
• The use of electronic charts on non-SOLAS vessels is subject to
national requirements
• International standards are useful in helping to define technical
standards for national requirements
• There is an increasing level of electronic sophistication that can
blur the difference between different navigation instruments,
especially as task-oriented displays become more common
• ECS manufacturers should be encouraged to follow the IMO
Navigational Displays guidelines when developing such displays
• It will be interesting to understand the application of the new US
ECS legislation on visiting SOLAS vessels