Fostering Friendships - Enhancing Social Bonds in the Classroom
Earthquakes and faults ppt.pptx
1.
2. WHAT IS
FAULT?
A BREAK IN THE EARTH`S CRUST, AND
ALONG THE BREAK, SIGNIFICANT
MOVEMENT HAS TAKEN PLACE.
3.
4. TYPES OF FAULT
1. NORMAL FAULT
• A NORMAL FAULT IS A GEOLOGICAL FAULT
WHERE THE HANGING WALL HAS MOVED
DOWNWARD RELATIVE TO THE FOOTWALL DUE
TO EXTENSIONAL FORCES, TYPICALLY
ASSOCIATED WITH DIVERGENT PLATE
BOUNDARIES.
• NORMAL FAULTS CAN BE OBSERVED IN
VARIOUS GEOLOGICAL SETTINGS, SUCH AS RIFT
ZONES AND AREAS UNDERGOING TECTONIC
STRETCHING.
5. 2. REVERSE/THRUST FAULT
• A REVERSE/THRUST FAULT IS A GEOLOGICAL FAULT WHERE THE HANGING WALL HAS MOVED
UPWARD RELATIVE TO THE FOOTWALL DUE TO COMPRESSIONAL FORCES, OFTEN ASSOCIATED
WITH CONVERGENT PLATE BOUNDARIES.
• THIS TYPE OF FAULT CAN RESULT IN SIGNIFICANT GEOLOGICAL FEATURES AND CAN ALSO
GENERATE POWERFUL SEISMIC EVENTS.
6. 3. STRIKE-SLIP FAULT
• A STRIKE-SLIP FAULT IS A GEOLOGICAL FAULT WHERE THE MOVEMENT OF TECTONIC
PLATES OCCURS PREDOMINANTLY HORIZONTALLY, PARALLEL TO THE FAULT PLANE,
IN OPPOSITE DIRECTIONS, TYPICALLY DUE TO HORIZONTAL SHEARING FORCES.
• THESE FAULTS ARE COMMONLY FOUND ALONG TRANSFORM PLATE BOUNDARIES,
SUCH AS THE SAN ANDREAS FAULT IN CALIFORNIA.
7. Earthquake
An earthquake is caused by a sudden slip on a fault.
The tectonic plates are always slowly moving, but they get
stuck at their edges due to friction.
When the stress on the edge overcomes the friction, there
is an earthquake that releases energy in waves that travel
through the earth's crust and cause the shaking that we
feel.
