Earthquakes occur along plate boundaries where tectonic plates meet, such as in South America, Japan, Indonesia, and along fault lines in California. Earthquake prediction is based on analyzing historical earthquake data and monitoring seismic activity using tools like satellites and seismographs to understand factors like the type of plate boundary that influence earthquake risk. The largest earthquakes typically strike in places like Haiti, California, Australia, Peru, Indonesia, Japan, Mexico, Nepal, and the Middle East that sit at plate boundaries.