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E Governance WEA.pptx
- 2. Impact of Digitalization Case1 (Lahore, Pakistan) Bike Purchased: 1976 Case Filed: 2006 Department: E&TP, Pak Case Closed: 2007 Findings: Miss Print of Chasis No. Case 2 (Auburn, Alabama, USA) Person Gone Missing along with His Car: 1976 Case Filed: 1976 Department: PD, Auburn, Alabama, USA Breakthrough: 2021 Findings: Missing Person’s Dead Body And Car Found And Identified
- 3. Impact of Digitalization Case3 (Lahore, Pakistan) Organization: SKMTH Patient Admitted: 2005 Patient Discharged: 2005 Repeated Visits: Uptill 2010 Patient Readmitted: 2022 (Credentials Preserved and Provided By Hospital Upon Readmission ) Case 4 (Hyderabad, Pakistan) Organization: DHQH Patient Admitted: ………… Patient Discharged: ……….. Repeated Visits: ………………. Patient Readmitted: ……………
- 4. Impact of Digitalization Case6 (Australia) Organization: Australian Signal Directorate Activity: Cyber Attack Action: Australian Parliament and Political Parties Hacked Ahead of Elections Case 5 (China) Organization: Ministry of Public Security Activity Duration: 2013 ---- 2016 Activity: Anti-Corruption Drive Action: Operation Sky Net Action: Operation Fox Hunt
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- 6. Impact of Digitalization Case7 (Shanghi, China) Activity: Application of E-Wallet Case 8 (Bihar, India) Activity: Application of E-Wallet He also carries a digital tablet with him to check if the payments are received in his e- wallets.
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- 8. Information & CommunicationTechnology (ICT)
- 9. Information & CommunicationTechnology (ICT)
- 10. What is Governance? Governance Waygovt. works Sharing of Information Service Delivery
- 11. Essence of GoodGovernance Least Governance Customer-centric Governance Participative Governance • Deregulation • Right-Sizing • Partnership • Service-centricity • Efficiency • Joined-up Government • Inclusion • Communication • Consultation
- 12. How E-Governance Helps Governance BadGovernance Good Governance E-Governance
- 13. Government Versus Governance ParameterGovernment Governance The Term Denotes People selected by predefined mechanism followed in the respective state. Policies, rules and regulation. Dependency It is an Independent factor. Depends on the government. Example Democratic Government, Technocratic Government, Autocratic government National Health Policy, Single National Curriculum, National Poverty Alleviation Programme
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- 16. WhAT E-Governance isNot About E-Governance is not about ‘e’ but about governance ! E-Governance is not about computers & websites but about citizens & businesses! E-Government is not about translating processes but about transforming processes !
- 17. Is E-Governance alwaysbased on Internet? NO ! The following forms are also e-Governance • Telephone, Fax, Mobile • CCTV, Tracking Systems, RFID, Biometrics • Smartcards • Non-online e-Voting • TV & Radio-based delivery of public services
- 18. What do leadingnations aim in E-Governance? • Interactive Public Services • Public Procurement • Public Internet Access Points • Broadband Connectivity • Interoperability • Culture & Tourism • Secure G2G Communications
- 19. E-Governance Target Agents Citizens Govt. Business Government ServiceDelivery Employees
- 20. E-Governance Types 1.G2C (Governmentto Citizen) 2.G2G (Government to Government) 3.G2B (Government to Business) 4.G2E (Government to Employee)
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- 25. Examples of E-Services– G2C • Birth Certificate • Health Care • School Admission • Scholarships • e-Learning • Examination Results • Employment Services • Vehicle Registration • Driver’s License • Passport/Visa • Agriculture • Land Record • Property Registration • Marriage Certificates • Taxes • Utility Services • Municipality Services • Pensions • Insurance • Health Care • Death Certificate
- 26. Examples of E-Services– G2B Close Expand Operate Start-up Explore Opportunities •Approvals •Permissions •Registrations •Returns •Taxes •Permits •Compliance •Approvals •Permissions •Project Profiles •Infrastructure •State Support •Approvals •Compliance
- 27. Examples of E-Services– G2E Service Matters Appointment Joining Payroll Transfer Leave Allowances Service Matters Deduction Inquries Loaning Promotion ACR Qualification
- 28. Examples of E-Services– G2G • Inter-Departmental Interaction like reporting, budgeting and planning to administrative, P&A and financial departments. • Interaction among multilevel governments like Local Governments, Provincial Governments and Federal Government. • Notices, summaries and policies for different departments. • Inspections, observations and inquires. • Interaction between control offices and field offices
- 29. • Law &Policy-making • Wider & faster dissemination of laws • Faster & better formulation of policies • Better Regulation • Registration & Licensing - speedier • Taxation – better revenues • Environmental Regulations – better compliance • Transportation & Police – more transparency • More efficient Services to Citizens & Businesses • Better Image • Cost-cutting • Better targeting of benefits • Control of corruption Benefits to Government
- 30. • Increased velocityof business • E.g Tradenet of Singapore • Ease of doing business with Government • e-Procurement • Better Investment climate • Transparency Benefits to Business
- 31. • Cost andtime-savings • Certainty in getting services • Better quality of life • Ease of access of information • Added convenience – multiple delivery channels • Possibility of self-service Benefits to Citizens
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- 34. E-Governance Generic Models •The few generic models which have emerged and are being practiced have been identified as: • Broadcasting Model • Comparative Analysis Model • Critical Flow Model • E-Advocacy Model • Interactive Service Model
- 35. Broadcasting Model • Basedon mass dissemination of governance related information which is already available in the public domain into the wider public domain using ICTs. • This raises awareness among the citizens about ongoing governance processes and government services that are available to them and how they can benefit from them • The application of this model using appropriate technologies, could reduce the "information failure situations”
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- 37. Broadcasting Model (Applications) •Putting governmental laws and legislations online • Making available the names, contact addresses, emails, mobile numbers of local/ regional/ national government officials online. • Make available information such as governmental plans, budgets, expenditures, and performance reports online. • Putting key judicial decisions which are of value to general citizens
- 38. Broadcasting Model Merits • Itenhances 'access' and 'flow' of information to all segments of the society. • Government can use this model to provide greater governance services to their constituencies, and to enhance the participation of citizens in governance processes. Demerits • The model can lose its effectiveness in societies, where the free flow of information is not possible.
- 39. Comparative Analysis Model •This model empowers people by comparing cases of bad governance with those of good governance and identifying specific aspects of bad governance, the reasons and people behind them, and how the situation can be improved.
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- 41. Comparative Analysis Model(Applications) This model could be applied in the following possible ways: • To learn from past policies and actions and derive learning lessons for future policy-making. • To evaluate the effectiveness of the current policies and identify key learning in terms of strengths and flaws in the policies. • To evaluate the performance and track-record of a particular decision-maker/ decision-making body.
- 42. Comparative Analysis Model Merits: •Based on the existing sets of information • Watch-guard organizations and monitor-groups can use this model to continuously track the governance past record and performance and compare with different information sets. Demerits: • Ineffective in absence of a strong civil society interest and public memory which is essential to force decision makers to improve existing governance practice
- 43. Critical Flow Model •The model is based on broadcasting information of 'critical' value (which by its very nature will not be disclosed by those involved with bad governance practices) to targeted audience using ICTs and other tools. • Targeted audience may include media, affected parties, opposition parties, judicial bench, independent investigators or the general public.
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- 45. Critical Flow Model(Applications) This model could be applied in the following possible ways : • Making available corruption related data about a particular Ministry / Division/ Officials online to its electoral constituency or to the concerned regulatory body. • Making available Research studies, Enquiry reports, Impact studies commissioned by the Government or Independent commissions to the affected parties. • Making Human Rights Violations cases violations freely available to Judiciary, NGOs and concerned citizens.
- 46. Critical Flow Model Merits: •This model is more directed and evolved. • Different organizations can use it differently depending on the aspect of governance they situation they want to address. • The model corrects information failure, raising awareness about the bad governance practices, and acts as a hindrance to bad governance practices. Demerits: • The model may not work in cases where the governance mechanism does not allow public debates and opinions, and censures all information of critical nature.
- 47. E-Advocacy Model • Itis based on setting-up a planned, directed flow of information to build strong virtual allies to complement actions in the real world. • Virtual communities are formed which share similar values and concerns, and these communities in turn link up with or support real-life groups/ activities for concerted action. • It builds the momentum of real-world processes by adding the opinions and concerns expressed by virtual communities. • The strength of this model is in its diversity of the virtual community, and the ideas, expertise and resources accumulated through this virtual form of networking.
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- 49. E Advocacy Model(Applications) This model could be applied in the following possible ways: • Fostering public debates on issue of larger concerns, namely on the themes of upcoming conferences, treaties etc. • Formation of pressure groups on key issues to force decision makers to take their concerns into cognizance. • Making available opinions of a suppressed groups who are not involved in the decision-making process into wider public domain.
- 50. Interactive Service Model •It is a consolidation of the other digital governance models and opens up possibilities for one-to-one and self-serviced participation of individuals in governance processes. • Under this model, the various services offered by the government become directly available to its citizens by opening up an interactive Government to Consumer to Government (G2C2G) channel in various aspects of governance.
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- 52. Interactive Service Model(Applications) This model could be applied in the following possible ways: • To establish an interactive communication channels with key policy-makers and members of planning commissions. • To conduct electronic ballots for the election of government officials and other office bearers. • To conduct public debates / opinion polls on issues of wider concern before formulation of policies and legislative frameworks. • Filing of grievances, feedback and reports by citizens with the concerned governmental body. • Establishing decentralised forms of governance.
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- 54. Principle # 1 E-Governanceis about Transformation
- 55. Proportion of PPTin a computerization project 25% 15% 60% Process People Technology
- 56. Proportion of PPT(L!)in an E-Governance project 35% 40% 20% 5% Process People Technology Luck
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- 58. Issues in Transformation •Degree of Transformation • Change Management • External motivation • Following Best Practice • Engaging Consultants • Top Management Support • Awareness & Communication
- 59. Principle # 2 E-Governancerequires A Holistic Approach
- 60. 7 Areas ofManagement Process Reform Management Resource Management Procurement Management Technology Management Knowledge Management Change Management Program Management
- 61. The Four Pillarsof E-Governance People Process Technology Resources e-Government
- 62. 6C Model ofImplementation 6C Model Connectivity Capital Citizen Interface Cyberlaw Content Capacity
- 63. Issues in adoptinga holistic approach • Lack of appreciation of the need for holistic approach • Complexity in Project Development • Time-taking • 5-8% additionality in overall project costs • Lack of expertise in adopting holistic approach • Lack of patience
- 64. Principle # 3 E-Governancerequires us to overcome A Number of Challenges
- 65. The Challenges •Lack ofProcess Models •Status Quo-ism •Poor Legal Frameworks 1 PROCESS •Lack of Political Will •Shortage of Champions •Lack of Skills in Govt 2 PEOPLE •Lack of Standards •Poor Communication Infrastructure •Hardware-approach 3TECHNOLGY •Budget Constraints •Disinterest of Pvt Sector •Lack Project Mgt Skills 4RESOURCES
- 66. Principle # 4 E-Governanceneeds A Systematic Approach through EGRM
- 67. Failing to Planmeans… Planning to Fail !
- 68. What is aneGov Roadmap ? • A set of comprehensive documents that • provide a vision • indicate a direction • set a pace • create a set of methodologies • lay down priorities • enable resource mobilization • facilitate adoption of holistic approach … in implementing e-Government
- 69. The E-Governance Roadmap… VISION STRATEGYSTRATEGY BLUEPRINT BLUEPRINT eGov PROGRAM eGov PROGRAM eGov ECOSYSTEM eGov ECOSYSTEM By 2010, the State will be . . . eProc Workflow ü Leverage PPP A g r i Land eChaupal PPP GPR LR Training Municip al eproc Police eSeva Pancha yat Land DC, WAN Other Projects & Initiatives Mission Projects & Initiatives Core Projects & Initiatives eGov Blueprint Access to Legal Information Land Information System Network Data Center Workflow Capacity Building eProc eSeva ePanchayat GPR HRMS Financial Information System Kiosks Vision Strategy Blueprint Program Ecosystem
- 70. Core Policies •Security •Standards •Capacity Building •PPP •ServiceDelivery •Language Core Infrastructure •SWAN •Data Centre •Gateway •e-Payment •Call Centre Core Applications •HRMS •IFMS •e-Procurement •GIS •Workflow •Portal +RTI •Citizen ID Service Delivery Infrastructure Urban CSCs Rural CSCs Group Applications G2B Single Window Welfare Project Management Works Management EduSat EduPortal e-Learning Example of EGRM for a State Mining CT Rural Devpt AgriPortal Health Env & Forest Land Online Urban Devpt
- 71. Principle # 5 E-GovernanceNecessitates Change Management
- 72. What is ChangeManagement? Change Management is about managing people in a changing environment so that business changes are successful and the desired business results are realized.
- 73. 7 guiding principlesof Chg Mgt 1. Senders & Receivers of communications must be in Sync 2. Assess the levels of resistance & comfort 3. Authority for change must be sufficient & continuous 4. Value systems in the organization should support Chg Mgt 5. Change should be of right quantum 6. The ‘right’ answer is not enough 7. Change is a process and not an event.
- 74. The ADKAR Model 1.Awareness of Change 2. Desire to Change 3. Knowledge of Skills 4. Ability to apply Knowledge 5. Reinforcement to Sustain Change
- 75. Principle # 6 E-Governancenecessitates Capacity Building
- 76. Hierarchy of CapacityNeeds •Policy Formulation •Committing Resources •Taking hard decisions •Preparing Roadmaps •Prioritization •Frameworks, Guidelines •Monitoring Progress •Inter-agency Collaboration •Funds Management •Capacity Management •Conceptualization •Architecture •Definition (RFP, SLA…) Leadership & Vision Program Development Program Management Project Development Project Management •Bid Process Management •Project Monitoring •Quality Assurance
- 77. Principle # 7 E-Governanceneeds Top Level Sponsorship
- 78. Role of Leadership 1.Becoming Champions of e-Government • to achieve change of mindset • to create an environment for innovation • to provide adequate resources 2. Removing Barriers • to overcome employee resistance • to achieve cross-agency coordination • to create confidence in private sector to partner government 3. Taking Hard Decisions • to take the risks inherent in e-Government • to achieve effective Government Process Re-engineering 4. Articulating the needs of citizens & businesses
- 79. Value of Zero!! 0 Managemen t 0 Technology ,0 HRD 0 GPR ,0 Infrastructure 0 Partnership 0 Resources Leadership & vision
- 80. Measuring E-Governance • BenchMarking (UN Survey Report) • Total UN member states: • Online member states • The objectives of the Survey are to provide a • Comparative assessment of the willingness and ability of governments in the use of e- government and ICTs as tools in the public delivery of services • Benchmarking tool for monitoring the progress of countries, now three years in a row, as they progress towards higher levels of e-governance and e-participation service delivery.
- 81. Measuring E-Governance • E-GovernanceDevelopment Index (EGDI)
- 82. Measuring E-Governance • TelecommunicationInfrastructure Index (TII)
- 83. Measuring E-Governance • HumanCapital Index (HCI)
- 84. Measuring E-Governance • OnlineService Index (OSI)
- 85. Where The WorldStands In E-Governance The Leaders 1. USA 0.9062 2. Denmark 0.9058 3. Sweden 0.8983 4. U.K. 0.8777 5. Korea 0.8727 6. Australia 0.8679 7. Singapore 0.8503 8. Canada 0.8425 9. Finland 0.8237 10. Norway 0.8228 The Followers 50. Russian Federation 0.5329 65. Kazakhstan 0.4813 87. India 0. 4001 World Average 0.4267 EGDI Index on a scale of 0-1; UN EGDI Survey 2005
- 86. 15% 34% 35% 16% Very High EGDI:29 Countries High EGDI: 65 Countries Middle EGDI: 67 Countries Low EGDI: 32 Countries Where The World Stands In E-Governance Number of Countries Grouped in EGDI Order; UN EGDI Survey 2016
- 87. Where The WorldStands In E-Governance Rank EGDI Country 1 0.9758 Denmark 2 0.9560 Republic of Korea 3 0.9473 Estonia 4 0.9452 Finland 5 0.9432 Australia 6 0.9365 Sweden 7 0.9358 United Kingdom 8 0.9339 New Zealand 9 0.9297 United States of America 10 0.9228 Netherlands Top 10 EGDI Countries on a scale of 0-1; UN EGDI Survey 2020
- 88. Where The WorldStands In E-Governance EGDI Rankings Over Different Years; UN EGDI Survey Country 2012 Ranking 2010 Ranking 2008 ranking 2005 Ranking India 125 119 113 87 Bangladesh 150 134 142 162 Pakistan 156 146 131 136 Sri Lanka 115 111 101 94 Nepal 164 153 150 126
- 89. Where Pakistan StandsIn E-Governance EGDI Rankings Of Pakistan Over Different Years; UN EGDI Survey Year Rank Value 2003 137 0.24749 2004 122 0.30418 2005 136 0.28358 2008 131 0.31600 2010 146 0.27547 2012 156 0.28234 2014 158 0.25799 2016 159 0.25832 2018 148 0.3566 2020 153 0.4183
- 90. Evolution of E-GovernanceIn Pakistan • 2000: Ministry of Information & Technology was founded • 2000: First IT policy/Action Plan 2000 was formed • 2002: Electronic Government Directorate was founded to implement E-Government projects • 2005: 5 years E-Government Strategy was formed by Electronic Government Directorate • 2014: National Information technology Board was formed by merging Electronic Government Directorate and Pakistan Computer Bureau • 2018: First Digital Pakistan Policy was introduced by MoITT (Cloud Computing, Artificial Intelligence & Robotics, ICT Education, E-Justice, E-Commerce, E-health, E-Agriculture ) • 2021: Second Digital Pakistan Policy was introduced by MoITT (E-Governance, E-Commerce, E- Banking)
- 91. E-Governance In Pakistan •E-Governance Initiatives in Services Sector • Khidmat Markaz (integrated 17 governmental services to citizens like birth, marriage, divorce, character, death certificates, NADRA e-sahulat, route permit etc.) • Baytee App (this app was introduced for the 51% population of Pakistan to feel secure and empowered through technology) • Mera Bacha App (this app linked with a special Integrated Response Mechanism (IRM) to efficiently handle the cases of child sexual abuse and abduction) • Pass Track App (it records and tracks the information of foreign passengers & travelers in Pakistan by scanning the National Identity Card and Passport of Pakistan. • Durust Daam App (it enables the citizens of Pakistan to confirm updated prices of essential commodities and to lodge complaints against the market monopolists. • Clean and Green Pakistan (this app is used to report unhygienic and dirty washrooms at Petrol Stations to the local administration)
- 92. • E-Governance Initiativesin Services Sector • City Islamabad App (this app offers public services, features, and tools like e-Police, excise and taxation, CDA, e-NADRA, notifications, city guide, utility bills, and other valuable services) • Case Tracking System (it helps the law officers to get registered across the nation, to know the governments cases, and to get alerts through e-mail before the date of hearing) • Central Collaborative System (it provides information about the existing developed software to focus on new software to save efforts, time, and HR) • E-enablement of the Federal Investigation Agency (FIA) (ensures the maximum connectivity of the government offices through the internet and restrain the use of illegal and unlicensed software) • Prime Minister’s Office Computerization (It was decided to improve the internal communications and functions of the government through automation of the different wings) • E-office app (It was introduced to establish paperless administration in the government office) E-Governance In Pakistan
- 93. • E-Governance Initiativesin Services Sector • Mobile App for Wafaqi Mohtasib (It facilitated almost 7000 government employees and increases work efficiency by rapid response in the maintenance and handling of the organizational affairs. • Central Information Dashboard (It gives a clear reflection of allocated, released, and disbursed amounts of the PM COVID relief fund and also provide help to the ministries to track and record real-time disbursed amounts across cities) • Office of the Attorney General for Pakistan (The 'Case Tracking System' (CTS) helps the law officers to get registered across the nation, to know the government cases, and get alerts about the hearing date) • Ease of doing Business Portal (many measures introduced for the facilitation of e-commerce, like Registration of companies, getting online information, online complaint portal, online comparing, airport entry pass, petroleum companies’ clearance, online tax payment etc) • Pakistan Single Window (It is launched to reduce the time and cost of doing business by digitalizing Pakistan in trade and related government services. PSW explains Pakistan’s policies and government policies and acts in detail) • Monitorization and Maintenance of PM Citizen Portal (It will bridge the communication gap between the citizens and the government) E-Governance In Pakistan
- 94. • E-Governance Initiativesfor Socio-Economic Development • Board of Investment Visa Portal (it facilitates the entire business community with overall visa applications through the online portal) • Economic Affairs Division (EAD) NGO Portal (a smart online portal for the registration and database management of related activities i.e., external economic assistance and also to assess the requirements) • Kamyab Jawan Program (aims at uplifting the youth’s morale and enhancing their entrepreneurial potentials by providing them loan opportunities to contribute to the economic growth of the country) • Freelancer Facilitation Hub (FFH) (provides online data of available freelancers in Pakistan to strengthen the ‘knowledge economy’ by utilizing their skills and expertise) • Ehsaas Program (a program of social safety and poverty alleviation to make Pakistan a welfare state, it includes, Ehsaas National Socio- Economic Registry, Ehsaas Kafaalat Program, Ehsaas Emergency Cash, PM’s COVID-19 Fund Portal, Ehsaas Rashan Portal, IT hubs and incubators in 450 BISP offices, Ehsaas Nashonuma, Undergraduate Student Scholarships, Education CCT, Ehsaas Amdan Program, Graduation and interest-free loans, Data4Pakistan Portal, Ehsaas TV, One Window Ehsaas App, Tahafuz, pledges to Ehsaas, Langar, Food Card, Garbage Rickshaw, online education, Artisans to Fashion Houses, platforms for daily-wage workers, etc.) • National Jobs Portal (it is a single platform for the job seekers to get hired at their desired jobs on the pure merit basis to maintain transparency) E-Governance In Pakistan
- 95. • E-Governance Initiativesin Health Sector • WECARE (it helped to protect the frontline health workers dealing with the patients of COVID-19 and also sensitize the public to reduce the infections through health providers. • Central Information Board (it gave detailed and clear information about the allocated, released, and disbursed amount of COVID relief fund across cities) • Pak-Nigehban- National Emergency Response (this app helps to locate the nearest hospitals, labs, beds, or ventilators for the corona patients) • CORONA Relief Tigers Registration (integrated with Citizens’ Portal and allowed the citizens to register themselves as a volunteer) • COVID-19 Mobile Platform (it gave the latest and legitimate information related the coronavirus cases in the country. • Naya-Pakistan Qoumi Sehat Card App (the Punjab government launched this app to provide information on the ‘Sehat Sahulat Program’. It provided financial assistance of one million for the treatment in various public and private hospitals, free counseling, and health insurance to the cardholders). E-Governance In Pakistan
- 96. • E-Governance Initiativesin Financial Sector • Raast App (Pakistan’s Instant Payment System that enables end-to-end digital and instant payments among individuals, businesses, and government entities) • Online Mobile Banking (this app designed to simplify the banking experience of their customers and also enable them to access and transact through their account anywhere and anytime) • FBR E-payments (Federal Bureau of Revenue facilitates e-payments to pay the income tax, land tax, and customs duty, etc.) • Roshan Digital Account (State Bank of Pakistan with the collaboration of operating commercial banks in Pakistan gave banking solutions (regarding investments and payments) to the overseas Pakistanis. E-Governance In Pakistan
- 97. • E-Governance Initiativesto enhance participation of the Overseas Pakistanis • Electronic Voting Machine (On 18 Nov 2021, the government of Pakistan successfully passed the bill for using EVMs in the upcoming general elections of Pakistan. It enables almost nine million overseas Pakistanis to cast their vote in the 2023 polls. • Call Sarzameen (it digitalized the overall process of registering complaints of overseas Pakistanis to ease and eradicate their grievances. • Yaaran-e-Watan (connects overseas Pakistani health providers/professionals with professional volunteering opportunities in Pakistan to upgrade the Clinical, Non-Clinical, and Pharmacy sector of Pakistan. E-Governance In Pakistan