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- 1. INVESTIGATION ON THE LEVEL OF PREPAREDNESS FOR SMART FARMING IN SOUTH-EAST OF ROMANIA ROMANIA’S REGIONAL ANALYSIS. CURRENT SITUATION Authors: Virgil Muraru, Cornelia Muraru (External Experts), Carmen Catalina Rusu, Luigi Renato Mistodie (PP4 - UDJG) Presenter: Carmen Catalina Rusu (PP4 - UDJG)
- 2. Jointlypreparingtheconditionsintheagriculturalandconnected sectorsintheBSBareaforthedigitaltransformation WP.T.1.Investigationonthelevelofpreparedness forSmartfarminginBSBarea Summary OBJECTIVES OF THE INVESTIGATION 1. ROMANIA’S BACKGROUND / SITUATION 2. AGRICULTURE POLICIES IN ROMANIA 3. FUNDING INITIATIVES IN SMART FARMING FROM SE OF ROMANIA 4. QUADRUPLE HELIX APPROACH IN AGRICULTURE FIELD 5. SMART AND IOT TECHNOLOGIES EXISTENT IN SE OF ROMANIA 6. AGRICULTURAL NEEDS OF THE RURAL COMMUNITIES IN SE REGION OF ROMANIA CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
- 3. Jointlypreparingtheconditionsintheagriculturalandconnected sectorsintheBSBareaforthedigitaltransformation WP.T.1.Investigationonthelevelofpreparedness forSmartfarminginBSBarea Romania’s Background / Situation Romania Main figures - 2019 Population (1st January) 19 414 458 persons Area* 238 398 km2 Currency RON leu Nominal GDP at current prices 223 335 million EUR GDP per capita at current prices 11 504 EUR GDP per capita at purchasing power 21 579 PPS Harmonised index of consumer prices 3.90% change over previous year Unemployment rate 3.9 % of labour force Exports (goods & services) 90 119 million EUR (current prices) Imports (goods & services) 98733 million EUR (current prices) Balance (goods & services) -8615 million EUR (current prices) Exports of agricultural products 7196 million EUR Imports of agricultural products 8379 million EUR Current account balance -4.6 % of GDP General government balance 4.3 % of GDP General government gross debt 35.2 % of GDP
- 4. Jointlypreparingtheconditionsintheagriculturalandconnected sectorsintheBSBareaforthedigitaltransformation WP.T.1.Investigationonthelevelofpreparedness forSmartfarminginBSBarea Romania. Importance of rural areas Distribution of CAP expenditure Importance of rural areas
- 5. Jointlypreparingtheconditionsintheagriculturalandconnected sectorsintheBSBareaforthedigitaltransformation WP.T.1.Investigationonthelevelofpreparedness forSmartfarminginBSBarea Agriculture: Economic Accounts Source: Eurostat, Economic Accounts for Agriculture (values at real basic price) Updated: June 2020
- 6. Jointlypreparingtheconditionsintheagriculturalandconnected sectorsintheBSBareaforthedigitaltransformation WP.T.1.Investigationonthelevelofpreparedness forSmartfarminginBSBarea Agricultural Income (Real Prices) Directorate General for Agriculture and Rural Development, based on COMEXT data
- 7. Jointlypreparingtheconditionsintheagriculturalandconnected sectorsintheBSBareaforthedigitaltransformation WP.T.1.Investigationonthelevelofpreparedness forSmartfarminginBSBarea Romania’s Background / Situation Index of agricultural factor income per annual work unit, 2005-2019 Output value of the agricultural industry, 2019 (% of total output, at basic prices) Source: Eurostat
- 8. Jointlypreparingtheconditionsintheagriculturalandconnected sectorsintheBSBareaforthedigitaltransformation WP.T.1.Investigationonthelevelofpreparedness forSmartfarminginBSBarea South-East Region (BSB Programme Eligible Region) The agricultural sector has the highest share of the employed population in the region (25% in 2019), followed by the manufacturing industry (17%) and the wholesale and retail sector (15%) South-East Region there were 3,729 local units active in agriculture, forestry and fishing The region also ranks second at national level in terms of the share of crop production and first in terms of the area under fruitful vineyards. In 2019, the region had the highest total grape production in the country, representing 42% of the total production (according to the SE Development Agency). Galati Tulcea Constanta Braila Vrancea Black Sea Buzau
- 9. Jointlypreparingtheconditionsintheagriculturalandconnected sectorsintheBSBareaforthedigitaltransformation WP.T.1.Investigationonthelevelofpreparedness forSmartfarminginBSBarea 2. Agriculture Policies in Romania Romania has made significant progress in the past decade thanks to the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) funds Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) National Rural Development Programme NRDP 2014-2020 The current advisory system supports farmers and helps them to comply with the obligations at the level of agricultural holding from the regulatory requirements in terms of management, but also provides specific advisory related to production techniques and technologies.
- 10. Jointlypreparingtheconditionsintheagriculturalandconnected sectorsintheBSBareaforthedigitaltransformation WP.T.1.Investigationonthelevelofpreparedness forSmartfarminginBSBarea 3. Funding Initiatives in Agriculture National Rural Development Program 2014 - 2020 (NRDP) NRDP responds to three of the development challenges set out in the Partnership Agreement: o Competitiveness and local development o People and society o Resources Strategic development of rural areas o OS1.Restructuring and increasing the viability of agricultural holdings o OS2.Sustainable management of natural resources and climate change o OS3.Diversification of economic activities, job opportunities, infrastructure and services to improve the quality of life in rural areas Different initiatives for RDI in agriculture
- 11. Jointlypreparingtheconditionsintheagriculturalandconnected sectorsintheBSBareaforthedigitaltransformation WP.T.1.Investigationonthelevelofpreparedness forSmartfarminginBSBarea 4. Quadruple helix approach in agriculture field from S-E Region of Romania • Public authorities can be government and regional development agencies and policy makers, as well as formal health care providers in some countries • Industry can consist of businesses, for example private health care providers, and business clusters. • Academia can be for example the universities or research & development institutes. • The fourth actor of the quadruple helix is the citizen.
- 12. Jointlypreparingtheconditionsintheagriculturalandconnected sectorsintheBSBareaforthedigitaltransformation WP.T.1.Investigationonthelevelofpreparedness forSmartfarminginBSBarea 5. Key stakeholders’ Analysis in the S-E Region of Romania
- 13. Jointlypreparingtheconditionsintheagriculturalandconnected sectorsintheBSBareaforthedigitaltransformation WP.T.1.Investigationonthelevelofpreparedness forSmartfarminginBSBarea 5. Smart and IoT technologies existent in S-E Region of Romania
- 14. Jointlypreparingtheconditionsintheagriculturalandconnected sectorsintheBSBareaforthedigitaltransformation WP.T.1.Investigationonthelevelofpreparedness forSmartfarminginBSBarea 5. Smart and IoT technologies existent in S-E Region of Romania
- 15. Jointlypreparingtheconditionsintheagriculturalandconnected sectorsintheBSBareaforthedigitaltransformation WP.T.1.Investigationonthelevelofpreparedness forSmartfarminginBSBarea 5. Stakeholders awarness about the need of Smart Farming in S-E Region of Romania
- 16. Jointlypreparingtheconditionsintheagriculturalandconnected sectorsintheBSBareaforthedigitaltransformation WP.T.1.Investigationonthelevelofpreparedness forSmartfarminginBSBarea 6. Agricultural needs of the rural communities in SE region of Romania
- 17. Jointlypreparingtheconditionsintheagriculturalandconnected sectorsintheBSBareaforthedigitaltransformation WP.T.1.Investigationonthelevelofpreparedness forSmartfarminginBSBarea 6. Key stakeholders’ Analysis in the S-E Region of Romania
- 18. Jointlypreparingtheconditionsintheagriculturalandconnected sectorsintheBSBareaforthedigitaltransformation WP.T.1.Investigationonthelevelofpreparedness forSmartfarminginBSBarea 6. Key stakeholders’ Analysis in the S-E Region of Romania
- 19. Jointlypreparingtheconditionsintheagriculturalandconnected sectorsintheBSBareaforthedigitaltransformation WP.T.1.Investigationonthelevelofpreparedness forSmartfarminginBSBarea 6. Stakeholders reccomandations Implementation of intelligent systems in the establishment of cultures Farmers waits still for proposals to the European Commission to support family farms as well Example of abnomality - plot of land subsidy 170 e, land of life grant 160E Invention and innovation in agriculture is slow.
- 20. Jointlypreparingtheconditionsintheagriculturalandconnected sectorsintheBSBareaforthedigitaltransformation WP.T.1.Investigationonthelevelofpreparedness forSmartfarminginBSBarea Conclusions and recommendations (1/2) Increase access to technology / information / e-learning etc., by introducing a sustainable ITC infrastructure; Increasing receptivity at the level of agricultural holdings to innovative technologies Development of communication, relationship and leadership skills of stakeholders from agricultural sector; The rapid increase and development of e-commerce and the e-business market; Increasing the receptivity at the level of farmers and researchers to collaborate in partnership;
- 21. Jointlypreparingtheconditionsintheagriculturalandconnected sectorsintheBSBareaforthedigitaltransformation WP.T.1.Investigationonthelevelofpreparedness forSmartfarminginBSBarea Conclusions and recommendations (2/2) Increasing the degree of access to national / European funding programs dedicated to the innovation and research; Development of a system to support effective information / training and support for farmers; Support for the promotion of quality products, organic farming, investment in sustainable farms, innovation and livestock welfare; Increasing the responsibility of farmers towards the CAP on providing high quality, safe and healthy food, ensuring the welfare of farm animals and protecting the environment and tackling climate change; Economic efficiency of extensive / mixed traditional and environmentally friendly agricultural practices.
- 22. Jointlypreparingtheconditionsintheagriculturalandconnected sectorsintheBSBareaforthedigitaltransformation WP.T.1.Investigationonthelevelofpreparedness forSmartfarminginBSBarea Acknowledgements Thank you! http://bsb-smartfarming.com/ Joint Operational Programme Black Sea Basin 2014-2020 Author/s: Virgil Muraru, Cornelia Muraru, Carmen Catalina Rusu, Luigi Renato Mistodie (PP4 - UDJG) March 2021 Joint Operational Programme Black Sea Basin 2014-2020 is co- financed by the European Union through the European Neighbourhood Instrument and by the participating countries: Armenia, Bulgaria, Georgia, Greece, Republic of Moldova, Romania, Turkey and Ukraine. This publication has been produced with the financial assistance of the European Union. The content of this publication is the sole responsibility of the authors and can in no way be taken to reflect the views of the European Union.
Editor's Notes
- Romania is a country located at the crossroads of Central, Eastern, and South-eastern Europe. It shares land borders with Bulgaria to the south, Ukraine to the north, Hungary to the west, Serbia to the southwest, and Moldova to the east and has its opening to the Black Sea. The area is of 238,391 km2 and comprises: 61.3% agricultural land (cca. 14,6 mil. ha, of which 64.2% arable land, 32.9 % meadows and natural grasslands and 2.7% plantations of trees and vineyard); 28.3% forests and other forestry vegetation lands; 10.4% the built area of the localities, waters, roads, railways and unproductive lands. From the point of view of its area, Romania is an average country in EU 27 (5.41% of the area EU27). The territory of Romania includes 5 bio-geographical regions (steppe, Black Sea, Pannonia, continental and alpine) of the 11 European bio-geographical regions. Out of the total area of the country, around 87.1% is the rural area (according to the definition from the national legislation) that comprises communes, as administrative-territorial units, together with its component villages, and on this territory 45.0% of the Romanian population lived in 2012. The allocation per geographical area is balanced: 33% plain area (up to 300 m altitude), 37% hill area (300- 1000 m) and 30% mountain area (over 1000 m altitude).
- A functional and effective agricultural advisory system is an important element for the development of agriculture and rural areas in Romania. In the 2014-2020 programming period, the actions of advisory services and information provided by the national public agricultural advisory system play an essential role in the successful implementation of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) in general, but also in complementing the actions that National Rural Development Programme NRDP 2014-2020 supports.
- The first question was related to the smart farming applications that the stakeholder’s are aware, and they replied by “Yes” or “No” to the following examples give in the questionnaire: the water deficit detection and control, cattle monitoring and management, crop management, weed detection and control, climate conditions monitoring, pest and diseases detection and rural property management. In the picture below is depicted the number of replies to the above mentioned question (Fig. 12). The second question was related to the smart farming technologies in South-East region from Romania that the stakeholder’s are aware, and they replied by “Yes” or “No” to the following examples give in the questionnaire: data or images from sensors, digital maps, Global Positioning Systems, automated systems, robotic systems, drones and software and applications for farm management. In the picture below is depicted the number of replies to the above mentioned question (Fig. 12).
- The next question was related to the awareness about the advantages provided by using smart farming. The 90.9% of the stakeholders appreciated that can increase productivity, 60.0% considered the reducing of the environmental impact, 69.1% thought that can lead to high quality products, 72.7% appreciated that can lead to cost reduction and 83.6% in an increased profit, 60.0% considered that can improve activity planning and 85.5% appreciated that can increase labour efficiency. Another question was related to the awareness about the agricultural fields that need smart farming technologies in SE Region of Romania.
- the stakeholders were asked to specify the need (to a scale from 1 to 5) to adopt smart technologies in livestock production systems. the stakeholders were asked to specify the need (to a scale from 1 to 5) to adopt smart technologies in crop production systems (Fig. 17). To continue the agriculture fields, the stakeholders were asked to specify the need (to a scale from 1 to 5) to adopt smart technologies in agricultural engineering sector. In the end, the stakeholders were asked to specify the need (to a scale from 1 to 5) to adopt smart technologies in agricultural economic specific field (Fig. 19). Their replies first ranked, with maximum points 5 was, in agribusiness, second place on agricultural management, third on environmental management, forth on commodity trading/markets and fifth on financial sector management. The last question was related to the awareness if farmers from SE Region of Romania would like to adopt smart farming technologies. As predicted, the percentage of 93 of the stakeholders that replied “yes” at this question is eloquent about the need of adopting smart farming technologies.