Presentation Applications of anesthetic drugs in dental clinic by : almuataz bellah ahmad almujber Under supervision : Dr.Khalid Taha

1. Applications of anesthetic
drugs in dental clinic
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2. Dental Anesthesia
• the first anesthetic used is cocaine , but stop because
addiction , high potential for allergy and local intense
vasoconstriction .
• several methods to reduce or block pain and
discomfort during dental procedures and it’s a field
of anesthesia that includes :
1- local anesthetics .
2- general anesthesia .
* But in dentistry what concerns us Local Anesthetics

3. The numbing drug is only one part of what's injected
The liquid in the injection also can include :
• A type of drug called a vasoconstrictor. This drug narrows
your blood vessels. This makes the numbness last longer .
• A chemical that keeps the vasoconstrictor from breaking
down .
• Sodium hydroxide, which helps the numbing drug work .
• Sodium chloride, which helps the drugs get into your
blood .

4. Local anesthetics

5. Definition :
• Def : loss of sensation of pain in certain area without
loss Consciousness .
- acts by reducing the rate of depolarization ,
prolonging the rate of repolarization and increasing the
threshold potential .
* dulls pain in all or part of the mouth during dental
work , but does not cause the patient to go to sleep .

6. • Sometimes dentist needs to numb a
part of mouth .
• injects medicine into gum or inner
cheek .
• Anesthesia is administered prior to a
procedure to help dull pain or sedate
a nervous or anxious patient .
• LA , it's The most common form .

7. Types of drugs
Prilocaine Mepivacaine Lidocaine
Articaine Benzocaine Bupivacaine

8. Prilocaine 2%
• is a local anesthetic It blocks nerve signals from a specific
part of the body of the amino amide type it is often used
in dentistry .
• not recommended for use in patients
below 6 months of age .
• weak vasoconstrictor effect So used for Patients
with Cardiac problems and hyperthyroidism
• Little use .
injection

9. Cont’ ..
• Onset of action
The effect of this medicine can be
observed within 2-3 minutes of
administration of the dose.
• Duration of effect
The effect of this medicine lasts for an
average duration of 1.5 hours.

10. Cont’ ..
• Side effects
1- Major & minor side effects for Prilocaine
2- Burning or stinging sensation
3-Dizziness
4- Fainting
5- Headache
6- Shakiness in the legs, arms, hands, or feet
7- Convulsions (seizures)
8- Change in heart rate
9- Edema
10- Nausea
11- Vomiting

11. Mepivacaine 3%
• Also known as Carbocaine
• A local anesthetic that is chemically related to
bupivacaine but pharmacologically related to
lidocaine. It is indicated for infiltration,
nerve block, and epidural anesthesia.
• Mepivacaine is effective topically only in large
doses and therefore should not be used by this route.
injection

12. Cont’ ..
• Onset of action
The effect of this medicine can be
observed within 3-5 minutes of
administration of the dose.
• Duration of effect
The effect of this medicine lasts for an
average duration of 2 to 3.2 hours.

13. Cont’ ..
• Side effects
A major cause of adverse reactions to
this group of drugs is excessive plasma
levels, which may be due to
overdosage, inadvertent intravascular
injection, or slow metabolic
degradation.

14. Lidocaine 3%
• Lidocaine is an effective numbing medicine used before
surgical procedures. It blocks nerve signals from a specific part
of the body and is categorized as a local anesthetic
medicine.
- It is also used to treat arrhythmia characterized by an
improper beating of the heart .
• It is used in dental clinics in our university
injection

15. Cont’ ..
• Other uses :
- Lidocaine spray :
is used to numb the lining of the mouth
and throat before certain medical
procedure (e.g., intubation , Dental cases ).
It is a local anesthetic that starts to numb
the lining of the mouth and throat 1-2
minutes after application. It also helps
prevent the urge to close the throat (gag
reflex).
spray

16. Cont’ ..
• Onset of action
The effect of this medicine can be
observed within 2-3 minutes of
administration of the dose.
• Duration of effect
The effect of this medicine lasts for an
average duration of 2 to 4 hours.

17. Cont’ ..
• Side effects
1- redness of skin
2- Injection site bruising and red coloration
3- Nausea or Vomiting
4- Blurred vision
5- Chills or cold sweats
6- Decrease/loss of hearing

18. Articaine 4%
• Articaine is a dental local anesthetic. It is the most
widely used local anesthetic in a number of European
countries and is available in many countries
around the world .
injection

19. Cont’ ..
• Onset of action
The effect of this medicine can be
observed within 2-3 minutes of
administration of the dose.
• Duration of effect
The effect of this medicine lasts for an
average duration of 1.5 to 1.9 hours.

20. Cont’ ..
• Side effects
1- Diarrhea
2- Stomach discomfort and pain
3- Nausea
4- Vomiting
5- Yellowing of skin and eyes
6- Allergic skin reaction

21. Benzocaine
• is an ester local anesthetic commonly used as a topical
pain reliever .
• Uses :
is used short term to relieve pain from minor
mouth problems (such as toothache, canker sores,
sore gums/throat, mouth/gum injury).
It is a local anesthetic that works by numbing
the painful area . gel

22. Cont’ ..
• Side effects
1- there have been reports of serious, life-
threatening adverse effects (e.g., seizures,
coma, irregular heart beat, respiratory
depression) with over-application of
topical products or when applying topical
products that contain high concentrations
of benzocaine to the skin .

23. Cont’ ..
2- The topical use of higher concentration
(14-20%) benzocaine spray products
applied to the mouth or mucous
membranes has been found to be a cause
of methemoglobinemia, a disorder in
which the amount of oxygen carried by the
blood is greatly reduced. This side effect is
most common in children under 2 years of
age.

24. Bupivacaine
• is an anesthetic that blocks nerve impulses in body used as a local
anesthetic in oral maxillofacial surgery and postoperative pain .
• have long acting 6-8 hours .
injection

25. By :
Almuataz-Bellah Ahmad .
This information from :
- Dental Clinic at Al-Bishri Medical Center – Makkah – KSA .
- Dental Clinic in our university at 28/7/2019 .