1. Dr Gopalakrishna prabhu T ,
Final year Pg scholar,
Dpt of Dravyaguna vigyana , KVGAMC Sullia
Guide
Dr Vijayalaksmi PB, MD
Professor,
Dpt of Dravyaguna vigyana , KVGAMC Sullia
HOD
Dr N Rajasekhara MD,Phd (Ayu)
Professor and HOD
Dpt of Dravyaguna vigyana , KVGAMC Sullia
3. Human cultures have always been influenced by plants and plant products.
All indigenous remedies have their roots in one way or the other in folk
remedies.
These time tested folklore drugs are still as mystery as untouched by
Dravyaguna researchers and may provide the solution of acceptance of
these in Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of the firm basics.
In perspective of this the present drug of study, Bridelia scandens Roxb
Willd., called locally as 'Banda' or 'Bandanaru' an unexplored potential
folklore plant used in children as an equivalent to breast milk claiming
considerable results in folklore traditions in the region of Dakshina
Kannada .
4. Malnutrition in infants – very common .
Depletion in breast milk quality due to various factors
Resulting in oxidative stress in infants . Most of the
diseases arising due to this .
Hence a supportive to breast milk is essential
5. To study the literature regarding Bandanaru – Bridelia
scandens Roxb, Willd.
Pharmacognostical , Nutritional and Analytical study.
To evaluate the antioxidant activity of Bandanaru – Bridelia
scandens Roxb, Willd in vitro.
6. Rarely few studies available .
No description in classics .
References in books of modern period like
Flora of british india, Flora of Malayan Peninsula, The Flora of
Presidency of Bombay ,Flora of Chikmagalur District , Flora of
Saurashtra ,The Wealth of India , Glossary of Indian Medicinal
Plants with Active Principles etc
7. Botanical Name: Bridelia scandens (Roxb.) Willd .
Family : Euphorbiaceae
Synonyms of botanical name –
Bridelia stipularis (L.) blume
Bridelia montana Woodrow ex J.J Sm.nom.inval
Bridelia zollingeri Mig.
8. Kingdom Plantae
Phylum Tracheophyta
Class Magnoliopsida
Order Malpighiales
Family Euphorbiaceae
Genus Bridelia
Species scandens
Botanical name Bridelia scandens Roxb Willd.
9. Common name : Climbing Bridelia
Kannada : Banda, bandanaru,
Aksattheballi, Bisalballi
Malayalam : Kanjikottam ,
Cherukapanachi, Cherupanachi,
Hindi : Kangiabel, Khaji
Tamil : Kodimaruthu
10. Woody shrub with big pendent branches
Bark- Grey hard deeply fissured
Leaves- elliptic –oblong or ovate 2.5 to 10 x 1.5 2-5 Cm, sub
coraceous glabrous above , pale pubescent beneath
Flowers- monoecious, greenish yellow in small and dense
axillary clusters or long spikes often subtended by stipular
hairy obliquely lanceolate acute bracts.
Fruits -drupes are 9mm long or more, ovoid or ellipsoid,
oblong seated on the slightly enlarged calyx and is juicy when
ripe, succulent and smooth
Parts used –leaves, stem bark, root.
11.
12. Bark decoction is used for cough fever and asthma , and as a Gargle
for sores in the mouth it is also useful in jaundice.
Fresh tender leaves are used for the Treatment of Jaundice.
The leaf emulsion is used as a remedy for anaemia incidental to
pregnancy.
Decoction of wood is administrated orally to treat Malaria disease.
Leaf extracts are used for the Treatment of Jaundiceallergy
inflammation ,scabies, dermatitis and anaemia due to pregnancy
Leaf powder and warm leaf powder are applied to white spots on
the skin.
Root extract along with the combination for another plant is used to
treat herpes.
Used in the treatment of Amavata in certain parts of Karnataka
state.
13. Panchavalli taila -Bridelia Scandens leaf -used in fractures
for external application
Agnichikitsa-a treatment modality for Hemiplegia
(Pakshaghata)-the traditional healers of Ankola district
Along with Nirgundi, Agnimantha, Vana Tulasi,Sarsapa ,
Haridra ,Marica , Lavanga and Lasuna are made into a paste
by grinding with water.and is applied all over the body below
the neck for 7 days .
14. Swarasa – of leaf or bark not reported to be in practice
Kalka – kalka of leaves and bark used for external applications
Kashaya – of bark used
Taila- leaves are used as ingredient in taila prereration
16. Since the plant is easily available and
abundantly growing, no need of cultivation
presently.
stem bark -any time.
leaves can be harvested during rainy season
or after.
Winter season is the flowering and fruiting
season .
17. Pharmacognostical study including
organoleptic and macroscopic study
Analytical study including Nutritional
analysis
In vitro antioxidant study
18. Bark of the plant Bandanaru( Bridelia scandens Roxb Willd)
from the surrounding areas of Sullia township of Dakshina
kannada. was collected and dried for powdering and analysis.
Organoleptic study- DG lab KVGAMC
Microscopic study- DG lab KVGAMC, CMPR,Kotakkal
Aryavaidyasala (powder microscopy)
Determination of taste- Taste with toungue methord.
19. Physico-chemical analysis was done at
department of Dravyaguna, K.V.G.A.M.C,
Sullia and QC Department Aryavaidyasala
kotakkal
extraction (Aqueous, Alcoholic, Chloroform
and benzene)
physical methods quantitative standards like
total ash, acid insoluble ash, water-soluble
ash, moisture content, extractives, Volatile
oil, foreign matter and pH were determined.
20. TEST OF CARBOHYDRATES- Fehling’s Test
Benedict’s test
TEST FOR PROTEINS - Biuret Test, Million’s Test
TESTS FOR AMINO ACIDS- Ninhydrin Test
TESTS FOR TANNINS AND PHENOLIC
COMPOUNDS
TESTS FOR STEROIDS- Salkowski reaction
TEST FOR SAPONIN
TEST FOR ALKALOID
TEST FOR FLAVONOIDS
TEST FOR PHENOL
21. Tests for calcium
Tests for Magnesium
Test for Sodium
Test for Pottassium
Test for Iron
Test for Sulphate
Test for Phosphate
Test for Chloride
Test for Carbonate
CHROMATOGRAPHY- HPTLC
23. Centre for Biotechnology and Phyto
pharmacognosy research , Coimbatore.
Bark powder
DPPH radical-scavenging activity
ABTS RADICAL SCAVENGING ASSAY
24.
25. Physical appearance Powder
Colour Pale brown
Odour Like tea powder
Taste Astringent
Touch Coarse and fibrous
26. 20 volunteers reported that they perceived
Kashaya rasa only .
10 volunteers reported the taste of test drug
as Kashaya rasa and Madhura as Anurasa
27. 15 volunteers were given 5gm of bark
churna of Bridelia scandens Roxb Willd. in
the morning before food and in the night,
after food for 3 days.
30. Cork- Several layers of thick walled , flat , rectangular cells with
yellowish brown content .
Phellogen – two layers of colourless thin walled tangentionally elongated
cells
Phelloderm -5-6 rows, thin walled rectangular cells , with rhomboidal
crystals and starch grains
Cortex-wide, parenchymatous,with group of stone cells .
Stone cells- lignified , pitted rectangular 4-5 layered , contain calcium
oxalate crystals.
Numerous non lignified fibrous cells are also seen .
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41. Euphorbiaceae consists of several important medicinal plants
with wide range of biological activities and interesting Phyto
chemical constituents
A good number of species Scandens have been used
traditionally from a long time for a number of ailments in the
indigenous system of medicine.
Focus of this study was on evaluation of bark powder of
Bridelia scandens Roxb Willd. For its nutritional equivalence
to breast milk and to test its Antioxidant activity in vitro.
42. Ayurveda described various Rasayana drugs which offer
prompt antioxidant potentials
Rasayana drugs increases collagen fibrin synthesis, absorption
of iron and levels of natural antioxidants; dismutase, Catalase,
Glutathione peroxidise and therefore reduces risk of oxidative
stress.
Breast milk, the primary source of nutrition for children
,contains fats, proteins, carbohydrates ,minerals like calcium,
phosphorous, sodium, potassium, and chlorine
43. Kashaya pradhana Rasa, Madhura Anurasa So the guna will be
Guru , Snighdha and Katu Vipaka.
The Guru Snigda guna and katu vipaka of the drug makes it
nourishing and may contribute to its Rasayana karma and
uttarothara dhatu poshana. Karma .
Observing its gunas, we can infer that the drug has Tridosha
hara properties.
44. It was observed that water soluble extract(9..42%) was more
than that of alcohol soluble extract(8.31%) of the test drug.
This substantiates the indication of Bridelia scandens Roxb
Willd in Kashaya form as mentioned in folklore books.
Preliminary phytochemical analysis-
Flavanoid, Alkaloid, Tannin ,Phenol, Saponin apart from
Proteins, Carbohydrates, Starch and Steroids.
45. Tannin and Phenol -Antioxidant potential
Flavanoids, Alkaloids - immuno modulatory as well as anti
inflammatory actions.
Steroids are immune boosters .
Saponins-expectorants and antitussives
Thus can substantiate that the use of bark kashaya
46. Presence of Calcium, Magnesium, Iron, Sulphates and
chloride were observed.
These nutrients are very much essential in development of
children and contributes to many factors of maintaining health
in them.
47. 10 peaks obtained at 254nm,66nm being 18193.6
(AU)12 peaks at 366nm.the total area at 254nm being
21009.6 (AU) respectively.
48.
49. DPPH assay
It was observed that the percentage inhibition was
correspondingly improving with successive concentrations of
methanolic extract of Bridelia scandens Roxb Willd, when the
absorbance was observed through an ELISA reader. At 100
µg/ml concentration , the percentage inhibition was around
44.13 , which steadily improved upto 73.3 percent at a
concentration of 400 µg/ml. mean while the standard kept
Ascorbic acid showed max inhibition of 71.03. thus the radical
scavenging activity of the drug is undoubghtedly proved to be
stable. So the drug Bridelia scandens Roxb Willd is fairly
proves to be having radical scavenging activity and thus can
be an effective antioxidant .
50. Here , the sample at 400 dilution was observed to
have a percentage inhibition of 70.17 . at successive
dilutions from 100 to 400 , observed a steady increase
of percentage inhibition from 24.67 to 70.17
respectively . while the standard ascorbic acid
showed 67.609 . thus the drug Bridelia scandens
shows a good radical scavenging activity and thus
proves its antioxidant potential radical cation
decolorization assay.
51. As the test drug is having Kashaya Madhura rasa , it can
contribute to karmas like Preenana, Lekhana, Rakta prasadana
. As the drug is Guru Snigda guna , Kashaya Madhura rasa, it
can impart Rasayana karma, Sandhana karma , Dharana
Poshana karma to the body.
Presence of Tannin and Flavanoid in the test drug contributes
to actions like anti bacterial and antioxidant.
Presence of Saponin in the drug makes the drug to act as
antitussives, and expectorant .
Steroid and Flavanoid contents in the drug imparts an
Immuno modulatory action
52. The presence of Protein, Carbohydrates, and Starch
imparts energy to the tissues, and contributes to cell
development and anabolism .
The drug has presence of Calcium which contributes
to the growth of bones Iron presence contributes to
cognitive function , supports healthy skin , hair and
nails, boosts the immune system
Presence of Sulphates aids maintenance of cell
membranes .
Therefore the trial drug can be utilised for the
development of a potent nutritional suppliment
53. Malnutrition is one of the major causes of ill
health in children.
Breast milk inadequacy is due to many factors
Ayurveda advocates the use of many yogas to be
administered in children in the absence of breast
milk
Bandanaru is one such un explored drug , though
not mentioned in Ayurvedic classical literatures ,
is in practice among the folklore of Karnataka
which , when administered as a Kashaya with
Guda and Goksheera as Anupana equivalent to
breast milk.
54. The drug is Kashaya rasa pradhana dravya having Madhura
Anurasa Guru Snigdha guna ,Seeta veerya and Katu Vipaka.
Phyto-chemical study showed the presence of Flavanoids,
Alkaloid, Phenol and Steroid in the test drug. which proves
its effect on immune system to combat infections.
With Physico-chemical study It wasobserved that water
soluble extract(9..42%) was more than that of alcohol
solubleextract(8.31%) of the test drug. This substantiates
the indication of Bridelia scandens Roxb Willd in kashaya
form as mentioned in folklore books.
55. Test for inorganic compounds showed Presence of
Calcium, Magnesium, Iron, Sulphates and chloride
were observed
Test for vitamins showed the presence of vitamin A ,
which is essential to support rapid growth and to
combat infections in children The drug is having
definite demonstrable radical scavenging activity
ascertained by In vitro study conducted using ABTS
and DPPH assay.
56. It is possible to develop the test drug into a
potent nutritional supplement and a weaning
time nutritional drink either alone or in
combination with other drugs
It is very essential to explore the other
possibilities of this Extra pharmacopeal drug ,
as it is found in abundance.
Effective measures for conservation of the
drug should be done .
57. Quantitative analysis
Human trails
The trial drug is having scopes to develop into a
potent nutritional supplement and a weaning
time nutritional drink for growing children by
using the drug alone or together with similar
drugs
Source of an economical nutritional supplement.
Other parts of the Drug Bridelia scandens Roxb
Willd ( Fruits, Leaf, Root etc) should be analysed
for its nutritional values and antioxidant activity
so as to use the drug to its maximum possibility.
