Tourism is an important industry for India's economy and employment, however it can also damage the environment through pollution, overcrowding at sites, and commercialization of cultures. While tourism brings income, taxes, and jobs, the document discusses how overtourism can degrade the natural environment and cultural heritage of destinations if not properly managed. Balancing the economic benefits of tourism with environmental sustainability and cultural preservation is an ongoing challenge faced by many countries, including India.

2. Tourism is one of the most popular industries in India. However, every coin has two sides
and both the sides hold importance while discussing its entity. On the outer level, tourism
might seem beneficial for the people, the nature, the history and the nation’s name, fame
and wealth as a whole. However, on further consideration it can be proved that it has its
own share of disadvantages as well.
Firstly, on financial grounds, India depends a lot on the travel expenditures incurred by
foreigners, as a source of taxation and as a source of income for the enterprises. Therefore,
the development of tourism is often a strategy to encourage a particular region for the
purpose of increasing commerce through exporting goods and services. It is popular in India
because this industry does not require a lot of literacy and also it yields maximum profits
with less investment.
It also provides direct employment for the people associated with occupations in bars and
hotels. Thanks to it, the average standard of living of people increases well and at the same
time unemployment is on the decrease.
However, tourists cause environmental damage through forest fires, destruction of sand
dunes and pollution. This, in turn, discourages tourism as increased pollution disturbs local
residents and also it may discourage tourists from further entering the country. The
popularity in the industry also gets affected when people cause pollution through littering in
the snow peaks of Himalayas as well as in the wide coastline which surrounds 1/3rd of the
entire country.
Henceforth, tourism undermines culture by commercialising it and this is often connected
with increasing litter, graffiti, vandalism and noise by tourists who do not always respect
traditional cultures, which is sad but true.
Thus, it can be noticed that tourism has two sides- the profitable, promotional aspect as well
as the disadvantageous horrifying affects on our nation.
Answer :
Importance of rocks
Aesthetic importance
(a)
They inspire creativity and reverence
in people, forcing them to look
beyond the obvious shapes to create
imaginary forms.
Ecological importance
(a)
Rocks help create the natural drainage system
of the area. Subterranean passages created by
these rocks result in the natural flow of rain
water to that area, aiding the formation of
ponds and lakes and recharging ground water
levels.

3. (b)
These rocks resemble a shape or the
ideas of people think they epitomize.
(b) Rocky hills often act as the biodiversity hub
for the area. Fauna and flora of varied kinds
thrive in rocky eco-systems.
(c)
Many of these rocks have become
landmarks for the locals. Some
natural openings and cave-like
structures have been used as temples
which are considered as symbols of
the divine.
(c)
Often even medicinal plants and aromatic
herbs are found in the area.

4. What transformation did Wangari Mathai see in people and the environment?
Answer :
The civic and environmental education led to literacy of natives, especially women. The
empowerment of women was an automatic reaction due to the efforts of Wangari Mathai, to save
the local biological diversity of her native place in Mexico. People grew more aware of why they
needed to save their environment and got the idea of sustainable development and its benefits.
Besides the transformation of populace, the landscape was transformed again for the good of the
local land. There was no more dust. Instead, now, there were trees and birds and even rabbits
coming and going, making the environment all the more beautiful. There was shade and
sometimes even dry springs came back because the water did not run, it went into the ground− a
very profound transformation.
Now, the people were willing to fight for their rights, to decide that they have a right to a good
clean environment, to decide that they will fight for their forests, they will protect their forests.
Now they will not allow corrupt leaders to take their public land.
Question b6(1):
Complete the tree of environment:
Need to rehabilitate the Environment
Things that came from the environment_______________
People did not get them because _________________
Therefore __________________________
Protecting forested mountains
Source of ______________________________
Deforestation leads to __________________
Hence government must _______________
Good Management of Natural Resources
Degraded environment results in _______
It leads to ___________________ and
Good management of natural resources means ____________________
It is essential for _______________________
Good management possible only when we have ___________________
Answer :

5. Need to rehabilitate the Environment
Things that came from the environment are clean drinking water for food, firewood for
energy, material for building and fodder for the animals
People did not get them because the environment was degraded. Deforestation of
mountains caused shortage of water and change in rainfall patterns.
Therefore it became important to have a government that accounts to the needs of people
in rural areas, that protects them, that protects their interests, that is concerned about their
lives.
Protecting forested mountains
Source of water and rain
Deforestation leads to shortage of water and change of rainfall patterns; people are not
able to get food and water.
Hence government, in order for people to have good environment that can sustain their
livelihoods, must account to them, that protects them, that protects their interests, that is
concerned about their lives.
Good Management of Natural Resources
Degraded environment results in wars as it is not able to support the communities so they
fight over the little that is left.
It leads to discontent and when this discontent is strong enough it leads to conflicts
among various communities.
Good management of natural resources means equitable distribution of resources among
various communities without any discrimination due to various physical factors.
It is essential for maintaining peace and to have a sustainable growth and development.
Good management is possible only when we have democratic space, respect for human
beings, respect for human rights, giving other people dignity.

6. Question b6(2):
How does Wangari Maathai explain the essential components of development? Label and
explain the analogy of the stool.
Answer :
Three legs of development, as mentioned by Wangari, are described as follows:
One leg is peace;
The other leg is good governance; and
The third leg is sustainable management of resources
This can be explained by the analogy of a stool. The basin of the stool, that is, development, is
not possible without the above three. As we have allowed few (those in power), to acquire the
maximum of resources, we have indulged ourselves into conflicts, leading to unequal distribution
of resources.
Question b6(3):
What changes in the environment had Wangari Maathai noticed after growing up?
Answer :
Fifty years ago, when Wangari was a child, the environment was very pristine, very green and
very beautiful. As her land was a British colony then, the government started clearing forested
mountains to establish commercial plantation of exotic species of trees such as pine, from
northern hemisphere and eucalyptus from Australia. Though these trees helped them grow in
commercial timber industry, they destroyed the local biodiversity, local flora and fauna.
What is the importance of indigenous flora and fauna?
Answer :
The indigenous flora and fauna or the local forest mountains, which were the water towers with
local biodiversity retaining water in the soil, were no longer able to contain water. Later, when it
rained, the water ran downstream and ended up in the lakes and oceans instead of going down
into the underground reservoir so that it could come back in the form of rivers. It was observed
that not only did the rain patterns change and become less, but also the rivers started drying up.
There was a huge loss of local biological diversity. This caused a lot of damage to the
environment.
Question b6(5):
How did the campaign to save environment lead to the empowerment of women?

7. Answer :
When the first United Nation‟s Conference for Women was held in 1975 in Mexico, women
were saying, “We need food, we need water, we need clean drinking water, we need fodder for
our animals.” So, when Mathai started off with her campaign to plant trees, she came to know
how illiterate the local women were when they faced problems in understanding how to plant
trees. Later, they were taught by professionals. It was extremely difficult in the beginning.
However, with time, the local women grew confident. As they were dealing with environment,
the locals were delivered with education both in civics and also in environment. Thus, the idea of
getting ordinary, illiterate woman understand and be able to plant trees that in five or ten years
became big trees was a huge transformation. She was able to cut them and be able to give herself
energy and also was able to sell those trees and give herself an income. She was confident to be
able to have felt confident that she had done something for herself. That sense of pride, sense of
dignity that they are not begging, that they are doing things for themselves was very
empowering. That transformation was very powerful.
Question b7:
Match the „environment words‟ with their meanings.
Words
Meanings
Ecology
A person who advocates preservation and careful management of natural
resources.
Habitat
The variety and variability among living organisms and the ecological
complexes in which they occur.
Herpetologist
The relationship of living things to one another and their environment, or the
study of such relationships.
Extinct
Tropical evergreen trees or shrubs forming dense thickets along tidal shores.
Aquifer
A place where a population lives and its surroundings, both living and nonliving.
Naturalist
A zoologist who studies reptiles and amphibians.
Biodiversity
Having no living representative.
Mangrove
An underground geological formation, containing water.
Conservationist
A person who studies plants and animals, especially outdoors.
Answer :
The correctly matched words are given below:

8. Words
Meanings
Ecology
The relationship of living things to one another and their environment, or the
study of such relationships.
Habitat
A place where a population lives and its surroundings, both living and nonliving.
Herpetologist
A zoologist who studies reptiles and amphibians.
Extinct
Having no living representative.
Aquifer
An underground geological formation, containing water.
Naturalist
A person who studies plants and animals, especially outdoors.
Biodiversity
The variety and variability among living organisms and the ecological
complexes in which they occur.
Mangrove
Tropical evergreen trees or shrubs forming dense thickets along tidal shores.
Conservationist
A person who advocates preservation and careful management of natural
resources.
uestion b6(2):
How does Wangari Maathai explain the essential components of development? Label and
explain the analogy of the stool.
Answer :
Three legs of development, as mentioned by Wangari, are described as follows:
One leg is peace;
The other leg is good governance; and
The third leg is sustainable management of resources
This can be explained by the analogy of a stool. The basin of the stool, that is, development, is
not possible without the above three. As we have allowed few (those in power), to acquire the
maximum of resources, we have indulged ourselves into conflicts, leading to unequal distribution
of resources.
Question b6(1):
Complete the tree of environment:
Need to rehabilitate the Environment

9. Things that came from the environment_______________
People did not get them because _________________
Therefore __________________________
Protecting forested mountains
Source of ______________________________
Deforestation leads to __________________
Hence government must _______________
Good Management of Natural Resources
Degraded environment results in _______
It leads to ___________________ and
Good management of natural resources means ____________________
It is essential for _______________________
Good management possible only when we have ___________________
Answer :
Need to rehabilitate the Environment
Things that came from the environment are clean drinking water for food, firewood for
energy, material for building and fodder for the animals
People did not get them because the environment was degraded. Deforestation of
mountains caused shortage of water and change in rainfall patterns.
Therefore it became important to have a government that accounts to the needs of people
in rural areas, that protects them, that protects their interests, that is concerned about their
lives.
Protecting forested mountains
Source of water and rain
Deforestation leads to shortage of water and change of rainfall patterns; people are not
able to get food and water.
Hence government, in order for people to have good environment that can sustain their
livelihoods, must account to them, that protects them, that protects their interests, that is
concerned about their lives.

10. Good Management of Natural Resources
Degraded environment results in wars as it is not able to support the communities so they
fight over the little that is left.
It leads to discontent and when this discontent is strong enough it leads to conflicts
among various communities.
Good management of natural resources means equitable distribution of resources among
various communities without any discrimination due to various physical factors.
It is essential for maintaining peace and to have a sustainable growth and development.
Good management is possible only when we have democratic space, respect for human
beings, respect for human rights, giving other people dignity.
Question e3(b):
Threats to the geological heritage.
Causes
(i) ____________________________________________________
(ii) ____________________________________________________
Effects
(i) ____________________________________________________
(ii) ____________________________________________________
Answer :
Threats to the geological heritage.

11. Causes
(i) For centuries these rocks have served as the building material for the whole city. Contractors
excavate mud and destroy rocks in remote spots often under the dark cover of night for a paltry
sum. Most of this quarrying is illegal.
(ii) As the population is growing in abundance the need to cut down the rocks to create
residential areas is growing. The problem however lies at the speed and magnitude with which
these rocks are now disappearing.
Effects
(i) Mass destruction of rocks has exacerbated the depletion of green cover. Precious fauna and
flora has been destroyed.
(ii) Loss of these rocks has meant ground water depletion which has further compounded the
city's water woes.
Question e3(c):
The hope
(i) The efforts of 'Society to Save Rocks' led to __________________________
________________________________________________________________
(i.i) Challenge to the efforts of 'Society to Save Rocks' comes in the form of
________________________________________________________________
(ii) Individuals have made efforts to preserve the heritage by______________
________________________________________________________________
Answer :
The hope
(i) The efforts of 'Society to Save Rocks' led to the addition of nine rock formations in
Regulation No. 13 of Hyderabad Development Authority (HUDA) for the protection of Heritage
Buildings and Precincts by the Government of Andhra Pradesh.
(i.i) Challenge to the efforts of 'Society to Save Rocks' comes in the form of sold out heritage
sites. One of such sites is Durgam Cheruvu, where the government‟s attempt at conservation and
apathy towards rocks, are both visible. A few years ago the inaccessible lake between the rock
cliffs was turned into a tourist spot and now the condition is such that the entire stretch of the

12. hills on one bank of this protected area have been destroyed in the past decade to accommodate
the fast growing Hi-tech city.
(ii) Individuals have made efforts to preserve the heritage by integrating rocks into the structures
of their homes. The rock forms the interior of their homes. Some builders and companies too
have taken initiative to include rocks in their building complexes. Due to endless efforts of
organizations like STSR, the rocks of Hyderabad have found a voice.
Question b9:
After reading the interview of Wangari Maathai, you are inspired and motivated to do a summer
training under her at one of the Research Stations. Write an email to Wangari Mathai. In your
mail describe Wangari's influence on you and your desire to work under her and why you should
be given a chance to work under her.
Answer :
This question is to be answered on the basis of your own understanding, experience and
thoughts. It is strongly recommended that you prepare the solution on your own. However, a
sample solution has been provided for your reference.
From: abc@kmail.com
To: Wangarimaathai@dmail.com
Date: January 2, 2013
Subject: Permission to attend training under your supervision at „BIO‟
Dear Ma‟am,
I recently attended one of your interviews at Phillips Embassy and got deeply motivated and
enthusiastic by your opinions on saving our Mother Earth from various demons like pollution
from industries, tourists, etc which are destroying our local biological diversity. I strongly favor
the motion of taking some serious actions to preserve our fast disappearing flora and fauna. Your
speech on empowering and educating women encouraged me to a great deal.
I am writing this mail to you in anticipation of working under your supervision in one of your
projects in „BIO‟ Reserves Research Station. I have worked under the Jan Morcha Movement
which recently launched a project to plant trees and make reservoirs to preserve water from
rainfall. I have also written articles on the threat which advanced technological developments
hold to our nature. I am enclosing my CV with all my details of accomplishments till date. Hope
you find me worth it. I would be highly obliged for the same.
Thanking you
Regards
,

13. ABC
Question b2:
On the basis of your reading of the news story, complete the following table after a group
discussion.
Adverse environmental
effects of tourism and
adventure sports.
Personal conquests seem to be more important than
preserving the integrity of a natural site.
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
Ways to prevent it
Charge high climbing fees
__________________________________
__________________________________
Answer :
Adverse environmental effects of
tourism and adventure sports.
Personal conquests seem to be more important than
preserving the integrity of a natural site.
Water sports and mountaineering expeditions have
caused to the nature and fauna residing the areas.
Usage of renewable sources of energy should be
encouraged.
Ways to prevent it
Charge high climbing fees
Ban plastic and other non-renewable items.
Limit the number of travelers.
Screen-reader users, click here to turn off Google Instant.
Web
Images