The document discusses various design elements used in layout and formatting of documents including spreads, grids, white space, drop capitals, headers, strap lines, cross headings, pull quotes, page numbers, columns, date lines, baselines, margins, borders, cut outs, blobs and stars, and portrait versus landscape orientation. These elements are used to structure information on the page in a visually appealing and readable manner.

1. Spread
Grids

2. White space
Drop capitals
Spread
Header
Strap line
Cross
heading
Pull
quote
Page
number
Columns
Date line
Base line
Margins
Border
Cut out

3. Border
Blobs and stars
Pull quote
White
space
Header
Reverse
Strap
line
Cut out
Orientation:
Portrait
Drop capitals
Spread
Columns
Base line
Page number

4. Header
Strap line
Date line
Orientation:
Portrait
Blobs and stars
Drop capitals
Cut out