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‫خوراک‬ ‫مقدار‬
(Dose of Drug)
Dr Musarrat Nafees
HOD, Dept of Ilmul Saidla
‫مقدارخوراک‬
•
:
‫جو‬ ‫ہے‬ ‫مقدار‬ ‫طےشدہ‬ ‫ایک‬ ‫اجزاءکی‬ ‫غذائی‬ ‫یا‬ ‫دواء‬
‫ہے۔‬ ‫جاتی‬ ‫کی‬ ‫استعمال‬ ‫میں‬ ‫بار‬ ‫ایک‬
•
‫مثال‬
:
------------------
‫والے‬ ‫ہونے‬ ‫انداز‬ ‫اثر‬ ‫پر‬ ‫خوراک‬ ‫مقدار‬
‫عوامل‬ .1
‫جنس‬
(Gender)
:
‫کی‬ ‫چربی‬ ‫زیادہ‬ ‫میں‬ ‫پرجسم‬ ‫طور‬ ‫عام‬ ‫کو‬ ‫خواتین‬
‫کی‬ ‫خوراک‬ ‫کم‬ ‫میں‬ ‫مقابلے‬ ‫کے‬ ‫مردوں‬ ‫سے‬ ‫وجہ‬ ‫کی‬ ‫موجودگی‬
‫ہے۔‬ ‫ہوتی‬ ‫ضرورت‬
.2
‫عمر‬
(
Age
:)
‫کم‬ ‫میں‬ ‫مقابلے‬ ‫کے‬ ‫بالغوں‬ ‫کو‬ ‫بچوں‬ ،‫پر‬ ‫طور‬ ‫عام‬
‫ہے۔‬ ‫ہوتی‬ ‫ضرورت‬ ‫کی‬ ‫خوراک‬
.3
‫عادات‬
Habit)
:)
‫موجود‬ ‫میں‬ ‫دھوئیں‬ ‫کے‬ ‫تمباکو‬
Polycyclic
aromatic hydrocarbons
PAHs)
)
‫کچھ‬
enzymes
‫کا‬
induction
‫انکی‬ ‫کرکے‬
metabolism
‫تو‬ ‫ہیں‬ ‫دیتے‬ ‫بڑھا‬ ‫کو‬
‫ہے۔‬ ‫پڑتا‬ ‫کرنا‬ ‫اضافہ‬ ‫میں‬ ‫مقدار‬ ‫انکی‬
Caffeine -ex
Antidepressants- Fluvoxamine, Imipramine
.4
‫وقت‬
(Time)
&
‫موسم‬
(Weather)
:
‫مثال‬
-
‫تعلق‬ ‫کا‬ ‫موسم‬ ‫گرم‬
systolic pressure
‫ہے۔‬ ‫سے‬ ‫اضافے‬ ‫میں‬
.5
‫ملک‬
(Country/Place)
‫نسل‬،
(Race)
:
‫افریقی‬
‫میں‬ ‫امریکیوں‬
.6
‫پیشہ‬
(Occupation)
:
‫ایسا‬ ‫میں‬ ‫دوا‬ ‫اگر‬
chemical
constituent
‫جو‬ ‫ہے‬
occupational place
‫ہوتا‬ ‫استعمال‬ ‫پر‬
‫دواکی‬ ‫تو‬ ‫پ‬،‫ہے‬ ‫ہوتا‬
usual
‫خوراک‬
‫آ‬ ‫سامنے‬ ‫سمیت‬ ‫بھی‬ ‫پر‬
‫گا۔‬ ‫ہو‬ ‫اضافہ‬ ‫میں‬ ‫کےاثر‬ ‫ادویات‬ ‫ان‬ ‫کیونکہ‬ ‫ہے‬ ‫سکتی‬
Ex: Aluminum in Antacids
.7
‫قوی‬
(Health Status)
:
‫مقدار‬ ‫زیادہ‬ ‫کو‬ ‫انسان‬ ‫مند‬ ‫صحت‬ ‫اور‬ ‫قوی‬
‫ہے۔‬ ‫ہوتی‬ ‫ضرورت‬ ‫کی‬
.8
‫مزاج‬
(Temperament)
:
‫مزاج‬ ‫کے‬ ‫تینو‬ ‫دوا‬ ‫اور‬ ‫مرض‬ ،‫مریض‬
‫ہے۔‬ ‫جاتا‬ ‫رکھا‬ ‫لحاظ‬ ‫کا‬
.9
‫سحنہ‬
(
‫ڈول‬ ‫ڈیل‬
/)
‫وزن‬
(
Body weight
:)
‫مقدار‬ ‫کی‬ ‫دوا‬ ‫پر‬ ‫طور‬ ‫عام‬
‫خوراک‬
60
‫ہیں‬ ‫جاتی‬ ‫کی‬ ‫طے‬ ‫سے‬ ‫لحاظ‬ ‫کے‬ ‫انسان‬ ‫کے‬ ‫کلوگرام‬
‫۔‬
‫ہیں۔‬
.10
‫ہواء‬
(climate/air)
:
‫کے‬ ‫بات‬ ‫اس‬
evidence
‫کہ‬ ‫ہیں‬ ‫موجود‬ ‫د‬
‫حرارت‬ ‫بڑھی‬
transdermal/topical drug
.11
‫تدابیر‬ ‫سابقہ‬
:
‫ک‬ ‫ساتھ‬ ‫کے‬ ‫دوا‬ ‫سے‬ ‫لحاظ‬ ‫کے‬ ‫مرض‬ ‫اگر‬
‫وئی‬
‫یا‬ ‫مالش‬ ‫جیسے‬ ‫تدبیر‬
cupping
‫ہو۔‬ ‫رہی‬ ‫جا‬ ‫کی‬
.12
‫بحران‬ ‫و‬ ‫مرض‬ ‫اوقات‬
:
‫یا‬ ‫انتہا‬ ،‫کمال‬ ‫درجہ‬ ،‫ہے‬ ‫حاد‬ ‫مرض‬
‫ہے‬ ‫پر‬ ‫بحران‬
.13
‫اعتماد‬ ‫و‬ ‫اعتقاد‬
:
‫پر‬ ‫دوا‬ ‫اور‬ ‫طب‬ ،‫طبیب‬ ‫کو‬ ‫مریض‬
‫نہیں‬ ‫یا‬ ‫ہے‬ ‫اعتماد‬
.14
‫خلوع‬ ‫و‬ ‫امتالء‬ ‫کا‬ ‫معدوہ‬
:
‫و‬ ‫جلد‬ ‫انجزاب‬ ‫کا‬ ‫دواء‬ ‫معدہ‬ ‫خلوع‬
‫ہوگا‬ ‫میں‬ ‫مقدار‬ ‫زیادہ‬
.15
‫امراض‬ ‫دیگر‬
:
‫کی‬ ‫دواء‬ ‫میں‬ ‫جگر‬ ‫امراض‬
metabolism
‫میں‬ ‫گردہ‬ ‫امراض‬ ‫اور‬
excretion
‫اثر‬ ‫پر‬
‫پڑیگا۔‬ ‫اثر‬
.16
:Tolerance
‫طویل‬ ‫شخص‬ ‫کوئی‬ ‫جب‬ ‫ہے‬ ‫ہوتی‬ ‫وقت‬ ‫اس‬ ‫یہ‬
‫دواء‬ ‫کسی‬ ‫تک‬ ‫عرصے‬
/
‫جب‬ ‫ہے۔‬ ‫کرتا‬ ‫استعمال‬ ‫کا‬ ‫نشے‬
‫درجات‬
‫مزاج‬
‫ادویہ‬
‫کے‬
‫لحاظ‬
‫سے‬
‫مقدار‬
‫خوراک‬
•
‫درجہ‬
‫اول‬
–
12
-
7
‫گرام‬
•
‫درجہ‬
‫دوم‬
–
9
-
5
‫گرام‬
•
‫درجہ‬
‫سوم‬
–
500
‫ملی‬
‫گرام‬
-
2
‫گرام‬
•
‫درجہ‬
‫چہارم‬
–
125
-
15
‫ملی‬
‫گرام‬
•
‫دواؤں‬
‫کے‬
‫ساتھ‬
‫جو‬
‫مقدار‬
‫بتائی‬
‫جاتی‬
‫ہے‬
‫وہ‬
‫بالغ‬
‫او‬
‫ر‬
‫کموبیش‬
60
‫کلوگرام‬
‫کے‬
‫انسان‬
‫کے‬
‫لحاظ‬
‫سے‬
‫ہوتی‬
‫ہے۔‬
•
‫عام‬
‫طور‬
‫سے‬
‫دو‬
‫سال‬
‫سے‬
‫کم‬
‫کے‬
‫بچوں‬
‫کو‬
‫بڑوں‬
‫کی‬
‫مقدار‬
‫کا‬
‫ایک‬
‫چوتھائی‬
(
1/4
)
،
۶
‫سال‬
‫تک‬
‫کے‬
‫بچوں‬
‫کو‬
‫ایک‬
‫تہائی‬
(
1/3
)
،
۹
‫سال‬
‫تک‬
‫کے‬
‫بچوں‬
‫کو‬
‫نصف‬
(
2
/
1
)
،
‫اور‬
۱۵
‫ارسال‬
‫تک‬
‫کے‬
‫بچوں‬
‫کو‬
‫تین‬
‫چوتھائی‬
(
3/4
)
‫مقدار‬
‫دی‬
‫جاتی‬
‫ہے۔‬
•
‫ابہام‬
(
ambiguity
:)
How to calculate
1. Based on Age-
• Young's Rule:
• Dilling’s Rule:
• Fried’s Rule:
2. Based on Weight-
• Clark’s rule:
3. Based of Body Surface Area:
3. Based on body Surface Area-
• Catzel Rule:
• Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) of
tobacco smoke have been associated with the
induction of CYP enzymes such as CYP1A1,
CYP1A2 and possibly CYP2E1 and UGT (uridine
diphosphate-glucuronosyltransferases) enzymes.
The drugs metabolized by CYP1A1, CYP1A2,
CYP2E1 and UGT enzymes might be affected by
tobacco smoking and the smokers taking
medications metabolized by those enzymes, may
need higher doses due to decreased plasma
concentrations through enhanced induction by
PAHs of tobacco smoke.

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