The document provides information for investors on doing business in Poland, outlining the country's stable economy, large market size, and benefits such as EU funding. It discusses the legal forms of businesses in Poland, taxation requirements, and the basic steps for starting a business, including registration, licensing, and accounting obligations. The contact information is also provided for legal assistance with business set up and operations in Poland.
The document discusses various forms of business activity available in Poland and provides details on three specific forms:
1) Limited liability companies have a minimum share capital of PLN 5,000 and shareholders have limited liability.
2) Limited partnerships have at least one general partner with unlimited liability and limited partners with liability up to their contribution.
3) Branches allow foreign entrepreneurs to conduct limited activities in Poland and the foreign entrepreneur is liable for branch acts.
Poland is located in Central Europe and borders several countries. Its capital is Warsaw and its official language is Polish. There are various taxes in Poland's taxation system, including corporate income tax of 19%, personal income tax with rates from 18-32%, VAT with standard and reduced rates, transaction tax on certain civil law transactions, and real estate tax. Foreign investors can acquire Polish real estate by asset deal or share deal and must follow various rules depending on their country of origin.
The csll and the substantive scope of brazilian tax treatiesRamon Tomazela
This article considers aspects of the social contribution on net profits (contribuição social sobre o lucro
liquido, CSLL) in relation to the substantive scope of tax treaties concluded by Brazil and, inter alia, whether
the enactment of a domestic law dealing with the application of the CSLL involves a treaty override or simply a
legislative interpretation.
Flanders Investment & Trade (FIT) is a government agency that supports companies from abroad setting up in Flanders.
This brochure offers potential investors an overview on how to set up their business in Flanders.
Find our experienced staff in your country, FIT has about 70 regional offices worldwide.
Or contact FIT HQ +32 2 504 87 11, invest@fitagency.be
http://www.investinflanders.be
Tax Sovereignty and Digital Economy in Post-BEPS TimesRamon Tomazela
This chapter discusses challenges that digital transactions pose to traditional concepts of tax sovereignty, especially as international tax regimes need to adapt to the new digital economy. It first discusses how the principle of territoriality and recognition of tax jurisdiction developed in international law. It then addresses how tax jurisdiction has expanded due to the development of e-commerce and new business models, demonstrating the process of reconfiguring the concept of tax sovereignty. Finally, it focuses on how the consumer market now stands out as the main connecting factor for taxing income derived from e-commerce, representing a new facet of tax sovereignty in a globalized world.
Dr Dev Kambhampati | Doing Business in Switzerland - 2014 Country Commercial ...Dr Dev Kambhampati
This document provides an overview of doing business in Switzerland. It discusses Switzerland's population, GDP, exports with the US, infrastructure, workforce, industries, and demand for high-quality products and technology. Major challenges include a sophisticated, competitive market with some unique regulatory standards. Opportunities lie in advanced technologies, use of Switzerland as a gateway to EU markets, and partnerships in areas like biotech and renewable energy. The document recommends expressing long-term commitment, using distributors for market penetration, and adapting to local needs and standards when entering the Swiss market. It provides guidance on various market entry strategies including using agents, establishing offices or branches, franchising, direct marketing, and selling to the government.
Bulletin source versus residence - jfb and rtsRamon Tomazela
This document summarizes an article that discusses the dichotomy between source and residence taxation in international taxation and tax treaties. It notes that some developed countries have started taxing profits of multinational enterprises from exploiting their consumer markets, even without a permanent establishment. Meanwhile, developing countries argue that source states should tax technical service payments to prevent erosion of their tax bases. The document outlines how Article 7 of tax treaties allocates taxing rights and the concept of permanent establishment. It discusses the challenges posed by the source vs residence dichotomy as business models have evolved with globalization and technology changes.
The document provides information for investors on doing business in Poland, outlining the country's stable economy, large market size, and benefits such as EU funding. It discusses the legal forms of businesses in Poland, taxation requirements, and the basic steps for starting a business, including registration, licensing, and accounting obligations. The contact information is also provided for legal assistance with business set up and operations in Poland.
The document discusses various forms of business activity available in Poland and provides details on three specific forms:
1) Limited liability companies have a minimum share capital of PLN 5,000 and shareholders have limited liability.
2) Limited partnerships have at least one general partner with unlimited liability and limited partners with liability up to their contribution.
3) Branches allow foreign entrepreneurs to conduct limited activities in Poland and the foreign entrepreneur is liable for branch acts.
Poland is located in Central Europe and borders several countries. Its capital is Warsaw and its official language is Polish. There are various taxes in Poland's taxation system, including corporate income tax of 19%, personal income tax with rates from 18-32%, VAT with standard and reduced rates, transaction tax on certain civil law transactions, and real estate tax. Foreign investors can acquire Polish real estate by asset deal or share deal and must follow various rules depending on their country of origin.
The csll and the substantive scope of brazilian tax treatiesRamon Tomazela
This article considers aspects of the social contribution on net profits (contribuição social sobre o lucro
liquido, CSLL) in relation to the substantive scope of tax treaties concluded by Brazil and, inter alia, whether
the enactment of a domestic law dealing with the application of the CSLL involves a treaty override or simply a
legislative interpretation.
Flanders Investment & Trade (FIT) is a government agency that supports companies from abroad setting up in Flanders.
This brochure offers potential investors an overview on how to set up their business in Flanders.
Find our experienced staff in your country, FIT has about 70 regional offices worldwide.
Or contact FIT HQ +32 2 504 87 11, invest@fitagency.be
http://www.investinflanders.be
Tax Sovereignty and Digital Economy in Post-BEPS TimesRamon Tomazela
This chapter discusses challenges that digital transactions pose to traditional concepts of tax sovereignty, especially as international tax regimes need to adapt to the new digital economy. It first discusses how the principle of territoriality and recognition of tax jurisdiction developed in international law. It then addresses how tax jurisdiction has expanded due to the development of e-commerce and new business models, demonstrating the process of reconfiguring the concept of tax sovereignty. Finally, it focuses on how the consumer market now stands out as the main connecting factor for taxing income derived from e-commerce, representing a new facet of tax sovereignty in a globalized world.
Dr Dev Kambhampati | Doing Business in Switzerland - 2014 Country Commercial ...Dr Dev Kambhampati
This document provides an overview of doing business in Switzerland. It discusses Switzerland's population, GDP, exports with the US, infrastructure, workforce, industries, and demand for high-quality products and technology. Major challenges include a sophisticated, competitive market with some unique regulatory standards. Opportunities lie in advanced technologies, use of Switzerland as a gateway to EU markets, and partnerships in areas like biotech and renewable energy. The document recommends expressing long-term commitment, using distributors for market penetration, and adapting to local needs and standards when entering the Swiss market. It provides guidance on various market entry strategies including using agents, establishing offices or branches, franchising, direct marketing, and selling to the government.
Bulletin source versus residence - jfb and rtsRamon Tomazela
This document summarizes an article that discusses the dichotomy between source and residence taxation in international taxation and tax treaties. It notes that some developed countries have started taxing profits of multinational enterprises from exploiting their consumer markets, even without a permanent establishment. Meanwhile, developing countries argue that source states should tax technical service payments to prevent erosion of their tax bases. The document outlines how Article 7 of tax treaties allocates taxing rights and the concept of permanent establishment. It discusses the challenges posed by the source vs residence dichotomy as business models have evolved with globalization and technology changes.
Chapter 2: How to Invest and Exchange Foreign Currency in ColombiaTatiana Behar Russy
The document discusses foreign investment protections and registration procedures in Colombia. It provides details on four principles that protect foreign investments: equal treatment, universality, automaticity, and stability. It then outlines the process for registering direct foreign investments, which includes registering through an exchange market intermediary or compensation account and using various forms. The document also notes the exchange rights granted to foreign investors after proper registration of their investments.
The document discusses corporate regulations and legal vehicles for foreign investors in Colombia. It provides five key points about corporate regulations: 1) Colombia has stable corporate law legislation that has progressed over time; 2) Foreign investors generally must establish a subsidiary or branch to do business; 3) Subsidiaries can be sole proprietorships with limited liability; 4) Foreign investors do not need a local partner; and 5) Entity incorporation is generally simple and does not require prior authorization. The most common legal vehicles for foreign investment are simplified stock companies, limited liability companies, and corporations. Establishing a branch or subsidiary requires registration with the Chamber of Commerce and obtaining a tax identification number.
Prevention of hybrid mismatches as a justificationRamon Tomazela
This document discusses the European Union's justification for preventing hybrid mismatches as a way to tackle cross-border tax arbitrage. It begins by explaining how differences in tax rules between jurisdictions create opportunities for taxpayers to engage in tax planning strategies that exploit these differences. Specifically, hybrid mismatch arrangements can result in double deductions, deduction without inclusion, or excessive foreign tax credits. The EU has taken steps through the Parent-Subsidiary Directive and BEPS project to eliminate double non-taxation from these arrangements. The document then analyzes how hybrid mismatches can hamper the objectives of the single market by resulting in significant lost tax revenue and creating an uneven playing field for companies.
Company establishment by foreign enterprises in Hungary in 2016Accace
Domestic investments by foreign citizens are protected and ensure legal security by the Hungarian law. This includes equality with local citizens, so foreign companies treated equally by the matter of company formation and subjected to equal treatment by company share. In our recent newsletter we are going to discuss the details of requirements, taxation and expenses about local companies established by foreign businesses.
International Exchange Regime in ColombiaProColombia
The document discusses Colombia's foreign exchange regime and international investment regulations. Some key points:
1. Colombia has a regulated foreign exchange regime overseen by the Central Bank, with reporting requirements for certain exchange operations like foreign investment, imports/exports, loans, and derivatives.
2. The regime distinguishes between transactions that must go through the foreign exchange market versus the non-regulated free market. Foreign direct investment must be registered with the Central Bank.
3. Updates to foreign investment registrations and certain corporate changes like substitutions or cancellations must be reported to the Central Bank within 12 months. Colombia aims to attract more foreign investment and has regulations supporting it.
Revisiting Volvo in Light of the Nondiscrimination Provision in article 24 of...PhelippeOliveira2
The article deals with the nondiscrimination provision in tax treaties. It explains why the decision by the Brazilian Superior Court of Justice to exclude withholding tax on dividends paid out to nonresident shareolders misinterpreted article 24 of the Brazil -Sweden tax treaty.
Germany provides several incentives for investment including a central location, skilled workforce, and a 15% corporate tax rate. The most common legal business structure is a GmbH, which offers limited liability. Germany has a comprehensive social security and labor system where both employers and employees contribute monthly. Taxes include a solidary surcharge, trade tax, personal income tax, VAT, inheritance/gift tax, and real estate transfer tax.
Sherman Nigretti - Finland - corporate and tax highlights 2016Gianmauro Nigretti
Finland has a population of 5.4 million people with a capital of Helsinki. There are several forms of business organizations including general partnerships, limited partnerships, limited companies, cooperatives, and private entrepreneurs. Accounting is compulsory for all businesses and follows good practice standards. Auditing requirements depend on the size of the business. Taxes include 20% corporate tax for limited companies and cooperatives and progressive income tax for individuals. VAT applies at standard 24%, reduced 14%, and reduced 10% rates on various goods and services.
Bulgaria offers many tax benefits for companies and individuals, including a 10% flat corporate profit tax and personal income tax rate. Setting up a company in Bulgaria is quick and easy, taking only a few days. Bulgaria has signed double taxation treaties with over 70 countries. Bulgaria provides opportunities for tax optimization, low costs, and a business-friendly environment within the European Union.
This document provides an overview of doing business in the Netherlands. It discusses establishing different types of business entities like BVs and NVs, finding a location, available subsidies, tax legislation, personnel matters, and addresses for further assistance. The key points are:
- BVs and NVs are the most common legal entities for doing business in the Netherlands. A BV is similar to a private limited company and an NV is similar to a public limited company.
- Location is important, with most industry located in western regions near the port of Rotterdam and major transportation hubs.
- Tax rates are moderate and subsidies are available in some industries and locations. Employment laws provide strong worker protections.
Protection to Foreign Investment in ColombiaProColombia
The document summarizes key aspects of Colombia's legal framework for protecting foreign direct investment (FDI). It outlines four principles that Colombia's domestic law is based on: equal treatment, universality, automaticity, and stability. It also discusses international investment agreements and double taxation agreements that Colombia has signed to promote a favorable investment environment for foreign investors.
Pavel Novotny. Prague Czech Republic Endlessly Attractive Place for your Busi...Awara Direct Search
1. The document provides an overview of doing business in the Czech Republic for Russian investors and companies. It discusses the legal framework, including a recent revolution in Czech law with new civil and corporate codes.
2. It examines the types of business entities commonly used in the Czech Republic, including joint-stock companies and limited liability companies. It outlines the requirements for founding and governing such entities.
3. The document also addresses property law concerning the acquisition of real estate and leases. It notes there are no restrictions on foreign ownership of real estate. Administrative requirements for foreign companies and individuals doing business in the Czech Republic are also summarized.
The document provides an overview of key labor regulations in Colombia. It discusses employment contracts, including types of contracts defined by duration. All employment contracts executed in Colombia are governed by Colombian law. The document also outlines minimum wage, social security contributions, types of compensation like salary and fringe benefits, and other labor considerations for foreign employees working in Colombia.
International guidelines for compiling statistics on foreign direct investment allow for two different measurement principles to be used. This explainer highlights how these statistics are calculated for the stock of investment using illustrative survey responses.
This document discusses voluntary tax disclosure in Israel. It provides background on the speaker, Hagi Elmekiesse, and describes the process for voluntary disclosure. There are two main steps - gathering documents to analyze potential tax exposure, and then applying to settle any criminal and civil tax issues. Conditions for voluntary disclosure include having no prior tax investigations and paying any taxes owed. Successful cases are described, including settling inheritance funds and funds from trusts or unreported e-commerce. The purpose is to receive immunity from criminal prosecution by fully disclosing any past unreported income or assets to Israeli tax authorities.
Reverse - Charge on supplies of sensitive goods in PolandAccace
According to a general rule a supplier of goods reports output VAT. However in some situations a purchaser of goods, not a supplier, is the one liable to report and settle output VAT related to the given supply. These situations include both domestic supply of goods by supplier seated abroad, as well as supply of listed goods by supplier seated in Poland.
This document summarizes the Dutch tax ruling practice and relevant decrees. It discusses subjects that can be covered by Dutch tax rulings such as the participation exemption and questions about permanent establishments. The legal basis for the tax ruling practice are decrees published by the Dutch Tax Administration. One such decree outlines the procedure for handling requests for advance pricing agreements regarding transfer prices applied in cross-border transactions. It establishes an organization for reviewing requests and the possibility of unilateral, bilateral or multilateral agreements.
Hungary presents itself as an attractive business location with a strategic central European location and access to over 450 million EU consumers. It has a skilled and educated workforce, and establishing a business is encouraged through various subsidies and tax allowances. The most common business structures are limited liability companies and private or public limited companies by shares, which have minimal capital requirements. Foreign employees require work permits, but EU/Swiss citizens and relatives do not. Tax rates were recently reduced, making Hungary competitive for foreign investment.
The document discusses the Dutch foundation, with an emphasis on the Stak foundation. Some key points:
1) A Stak foundation is a Dutch foundation that holds assets or shares as the legal owner while certificate holders have the economic interest.
2) It provides separation of legal and economic ownership for purposes like asset protection or keeping certificate holders out of shareholder meetings.
3) Fiscally, the Stak foundation is considered "transparent" and holding investments is not seen as a business activity, so the Stak pays no tax on profits from assets or shares.
Chapter 2: How to Invest and Exchange Foreign Currency in ColombiaTatiana Behar Russy
The document discusses foreign investment protections and registration procedures in Colombia. It provides details on four principles that protect foreign investments: equal treatment, universality, automaticity, and stability. It then outlines the process for registering direct foreign investments, which includes registering through an exchange market intermediary or compensation account and using various forms. The document also notes the exchange rights granted to foreign investors after proper registration of their investments.
The document discusses corporate regulations and legal vehicles for foreign investors in Colombia. It provides five key points about corporate regulations: 1) Colombia has stable corporate law legislation that has progressed over time; 2) Foreign investors generally must establish a subsidiary or branch to do business; 3) Subsidiaries can be sole proprietorships with limited liability; 4) Foreign investors do not need a local partner; and 5) Entity incorporation is generally simple and does not require prior authorization. The most common legal vehicles for foreign investment are simplified stock companies, limited liability companies, and corporations. Establishing a branch or subsidiary requires registration with the Chamber of Commerce and obtaining a tax identification number.
Prevention of hybrid mismatches as a justificationRamon Tomazela
This document discusses the European Union's justification for preventing hybrid mismatches as a way to tackle cross-border tax arbitrage. It begins by explaining how differences in tax rules between jurisdictions create opportunities for taxpayers to engage in tax planning strategies that exploit these differences. Specifically, hybrid mismatch arrangements can result in double deductions, deduction without inclusion, or excessive foreign tax credits. The EU has taken steps through the Parent-Subsidiary Directive and BEPS project to eliminate double non-taxation from these arrangements. The document then analyzes how hybrid mismatches can hamper the objectives of the single market by resulting in significant lost tax revenue and creating an uneven playing field for companies.
Company establishment by foreign enterprises in Hungary in 2016Accace
Domestic investments by foreign citizens are protected and ensure legal security by the Hungarian law. This includes equality with local citizens, so foreign companies treated equally by the matter of company formation and subjected to equal treatment by company share. In our recent newsletter we are going to discuss the details of requirements, taxation and expenses about local companies established by foreign businesses.
International Exchange Regime in ColombiaProColombia
The document discusses Colombia's foreign exchange regime and international investment regulations. Some key points:
1. Colombia has a regulated foreign exchange regime overseen by the Central Bank, with reporting requirements for certain exchange operations like foreign investment, imports/exports, loans, and derivatives.
2. The regime distinguishes between transactions that must go through the foreign exchange market versus the non-regulated free market. Foreign direct investment must be registered with the Central Bank.
3. Updates to foreign investment registrations and certain corporate changes like substitutions or cancellations must be reported to the Central Bank within 12 months. Colombia aims to attract more foreign investment and has regulations supporting it.
Revisiting Volvo in Light of the Nondiscrimination Provision in article 24 of...PhelippeOliveira2
The article deals with the nondiscrimination provision in tax treaties. It explains why the decision by the Brazilian Superior Court of Justice to exclude withholding tax on dividends paid out to nonresident shareolders misinterpreted article 24 of the Brazil -Sweden tax treaty.
Germany provides several incentives for investment including a central location, skilled workforce, and a 15% corporate tax rate. The most common legal business structure is a GmbH, which offers limited liability. Germany has a comprehensive social security and labor system where both employers and employees contribute monthly. Taxes include a solidary surcharge, trade tax, personal income tax, VAT, inheritance/gift tax, and real estate transfer tax.
Sherman Nigretti - Finland - corporate and tax highlights 2016Gianmauro Nigretti
Finland has a population of 5.4 million people with a capital of Helsinki. There are several forms of business organizations including general partnerships, limited partnerships, limited companies, cooperatives, and private entrepreneurs. Accounting is compulsory for all businesses and follows good practice standards. Auditing requirements depend on the size of the business. Taxes include 20% corporate tax for limited companies and cooperatives and progressive income tax for individuals. VAT applies at standard 24%, reduced 14%, and reduced 10% rates on various goods and services.
Bulgaria offers many tax benefits for companies and individuals, including a 10% flat corporate profit tax and personal income tax rate. Setting up a company in Bulgaria is quick and easy, taking only a few days. Bulgaria has signed double taxation treaties with over 70 countries. Bulgaria provides opportunities for tax optimization, low costs, and a business-friendly environment within the European Union.
This document provides an overview of doing business in the Netherlands. It discusses establishing different types of business entities like BVs and NVs, finding a location, available subsidies, tax legislation, personnel matters, and addresses for further assistance. The key points are:
- BVs and NVs are the most common legal entities for doing business in the Netherlands. A BV is similar to a private limited company and an NV is similar to a public limited company.
- Location is important, with most industry located in western regions near the port of Rotterdam and major transportation hubs.
- Tax rates are moderate and subsidies are available in some industries and locations. Employment laws provide strong worker protections.
Protection to Foreign Investment in ColombiaProColombia
The document summarizes key aspects of Colombia's legal framework for protecting foreign direct investment (FDI). It outlines four principles that Colombia's domestic law is based on: equal treatment, universality, automaticity, and stability. It also discusses international investment agreements and double taxation agreements that Colombia has signed to promote a favorable investment environment for foreign investors.
Pavel Novotny. Prague Czech Republic Endlessly Attractive Place for your Busi...Awara Direct Search
1. The document provides an overview of doing business in the Czech Republic for Russian investors and companies. It discusses the legal framework, including a recent revolution in Czech law with new civil and corporate codes.
2. It examines the types of business entities commonly used in the Czech Republic, including joint-stock companies and limited liability companies. It outlines the requirements for founding and governing such entities.
3. The document also addresses property law concerning the acquisition of real estate and leases. It notes there are no restrictions on foreign ownership of real estate. Administrative requirements for foreign companies and individuals doing business in the Czech Republic are also summarized.
The document provides an overview of key labor regulations in Colombia. It discusses employment contracts, including types of contracts defined by duration. All employment contracts executed in Colombia are governed by Colombian law. The document also outlines minimum wage, social security contributions, types of compensation like salary and fringe benefits, and other labor considerations for foreign employees working in Colombia.
International guidelines for compiling statistics on foreign direct investment allow for two different measurement principles to be used. This explainer highlights how these statistics are calculated for the stock of investment using illustrative survey responses.
This document discusses voluntary tax disclosure in Israel. It provides background on the speaker, Hagi Elmekiesse, and describes the process for voluntary disclosure. There are two main steps - gathering documents to analyze potential tax exposure, and then applying to settle any criminal and civil tax issues. Conditions for voluntary disclosure include having no prior tax investigations and paying any taxes owed. Successful cases are described, including settling inheritance funds and funds from trusts or unreported e-commerce. The purpose is to receive immunity from criminal prosecution by fully disclosing any past unreported income or assets to Israeli tax authorities.
Reverse - Charge on supplies of sensitive goods in PolandAccace
According to a general rule a supplier of goods reports output VAT. However in some situations a purchaser of goods, not a supplier, is the one liable to report and settle output VAT related to the given supply. These situations include both domestic supply of goods by supplier seated abroad, as well as supply of listed goods by supplier seated in Poland.
This document summarizes the Dutch tax ruling practice and relevant decrees. It discusses subjects that can be covered by Dutch tax rulings such as the participation exemption and questions about permanent establishments. The legal basis for the tax ruling practice are decrees published by the Dutch Tax Administration. One such decree outlines the procedure for handling requests for advance pricing agreements regarding transfer prices applied in cross-border transactions. It establishes an organization for reviewing requests and the possibility of unilateral, bilateral or multilateral agreements.
Hungary presents itself as an attractive business location with a strategic central European location and access to over 450 million EU consumers. It has a skilled and educated workforce, and establishing a business is encouraged through various subsidies and tax allowances. The most common business structures are limited liability companies and private or public limited companies by shares, which have minimal capital requirements. Foreign employees require work permits, but EU/Swiss citizens and relatives do not. Tax rates were recently reduced, making Hungary competitive for foreign investment.
The document discusses the Dutch foundation, with an emphasis on the Stak foundation. Some key points:
1) A Stak foundation is a Dutch foundation that holds assets or shares as the legal owner while certificate holders have the economic interest.
2) It provides separation of legal and economic ownership for purposes like asset protection or keeping certificate holders out of shareholder meetings.
3) Fiscally, the Stak foundation is considered "transparent" and holding investments is not seen as a business activity, so the Stak pays no tax on profits from assets or shares.
The document discusses the Dutch foundation, with an emphasis on the Stak foundation. Some key points:
1) A Stak foundation is a Dutch foundation that holds assets or shares as the legal owner while certificate holders have the economic interest.
2) It provides separation of legal and economic ownership for purposes like asset protection or keeping certificate holders out of shareholder meetings.
3) For tax purposes, a Stak foundation is considered "transparent" and holding investments is not seen as a business activity, so the Stak itself is not taxed.
The corporate law in Hungary is governed by Act V of 2013 on the Civil Code which incorporates the fundamental regulations and mandatory rules for all economic entities and also governed by the Act V of 2006 on Public Company Information, Court Registration Proceedings and Dissolution Procedures – “Registration Act” – which provides a flexible and expedient legal regime. Read more!
Dr Dev Kambhampati | Doing Business in Switzerland - 2014 Country Commercial ...Dr Dev Kambhampati
This document provides an overview of doing business in Switzerland. It discusses Switzerland's population, GDP, exports with the US, infrastructure, workforce, industries, and demand for high-quality products and technology. Major challenges include a sophisticated, competitive market with some unique regulatory requirements. Opportunities lie in advanced technologies, use of Switzerland as a gateway to Europe, and partnerships in areas like biotech. When entering the market, companies should commit for the long term, work with importers/distributors, meet customer needs, and offer environmentally friendly products. The document then discusses political/economic environment, selling products and services, trade regulations, investment climate, and contacts for further information.
Bufete Escura is a respected law firm in Barcelona that provides legal services to both Spanish and global companies. The nine-lawyer firm prides itself on its personalized and proactive approach. This document provides an overview of investments and trade in Spain, including the country's legal system, types of business entities like public limited companies and limited liability companies, tax system, labor regulations, and civil legal proceedings. It summarizes the key steps and considerations for foreign companies looking to invest and establish operations in Spain.
INVERSIONES Y NEGOCIOS EN ESPAÑA
ESCURA tiene una larga tradición en la prestación de servicios a empresas extranjeras en España, apoyándolas en la defensa de sus asuntos, así como en la creación de filiales y sucursales.
En este sentido tenemos constituidos varios Desk, es decir, departamentos especializados por países.
Muchos clientes nos hacen llegar sus necesidades de servicios, habiendo detectado que muchas empresas necesitan un acompañamiento inicial para su implantación en España.
Conscientes de esta necesidad, hemos creado el International Service Hub (ISH).
El ISH agrupa un conjunto de servicios que requieren las empresas muy especialmente en su fase inicial de implantación. Servicios que van de disponer de unas oficinas y un domicilio, hasta recibir servicios de asesoramientoen todas las áreas que sean requeridas.
La guía "Investments & Trade in Spain" introduce el conocimiento a los inversores sobre las particularidades jurídicas, fiscales y laborales, de España y por extensión de Cataluña, siendo ésta la mejor región para invertir al sur de Europa, con un contenido focalizado en:
- Información General del País.
- Sistema Legal.
- Sistema Fiscal.
- Regulación Laboral.
- Sistema de procedimientos civiles.
- Legislación Contable.
As with previous years, our tax experts have prepared a comprehensive yet brief overview of taxation in Hungary.
Our material shall provide you with the necessary information about Hungarian business environment and its statutory framework, therefore we encourage you to pay close attention.
Investments and Trade in Spain - October 2015TAG Alliances
Bufete Escura is one of the most well known and respected Law firms in Barcelona. A client centered service, coupled with high quality ethical standards form the basis of our mission. Our longstanding service ethic has resulted in us becoming the reference Law firm for a wide range of business associations who trust our firm as the Law firm they recommend to their associates. Bufete Escura delivers legal services to a great number of global companies, who trust in us to supervise and advise their subsidiaries due to our specialist knowledge of the regulatory and business framework both in Catalonia and throughout Spain. We must emphasize our special relationship with Italian companies based or willing to be based in the Barcelona area, given that we have several collaboration agreements signed with different Italian Chambers of Commerce.
The accountant is contacted by a potential new client, Mr. Hakan, a Turkish national and car dealer, about handling the bookkeeping for his company, Turkcar. Mr. Hakan also wants to set up a new company, TurkInvest, to purchase two apartments for €375,000, using a €350,000 loan from his sister and €25,000 in cash. The accountant asks for assistance with verification due to concerns about filing a suspicious transaction report. The assistant advises asking Mr. Hakan for more information on the loan, sister, and funds' origin to properly verify the client and understand the legal origin of the money to assess if a STR is warranted.
BG Advise Ltd is a Belgo-Bulgarian company founded in 2009 with offices in Bulgaria and representation in Belgium. The company's main goals are to advise Belgian entrepreneurs on establishing tax-friendly Bulgarian entities and to offer high-quality, cost-effective IT and software development services from Bulgaria. Bulgaria is an attractive location due to its low corporate and personal income tax rates, highly educated workforce, and proximity to Western European markets. BG Advise assists clients with company formation and ongoing administrative services.
This document provides an overview and introduction to a booklet on better business in Romania. It discusses how the economic context has changed since previous editions, with contractions after unprecedented global warming of the economy beginning in 2007. It notes Romania was impacted by the financial crisis but has since recovered. The introduction aims to provide support to investors on managing business challenges in the current global marketplace and give arguments for better business development in Romania. It expresses hope the booklet will help readers find opportunities despite the challenges of winter.
This document provides an overview of taxation aspects for investing in Austria. It covers taxation for corporations, permanent establishments, and natural persons. For corporations, it discusses company formation, taxation of corporate income, operating expenses, international tax aspects, tax concessions, VAT, and other taxes. Company formation for GmbH and AG structures is explained. Taxation of corporate income includes the standard 25% corporate income tax rate. Permanent establishments are also subject to corporate income tax. Natural persons are taxed on employment, self-employment, investment income, and real estate, with rates up to 55%. Deductions and allowances are available.
Slovak or foreign investors entering the Slovak market may choose between several corporate forms. The fundamental law in this area is the Slovak Commercial Code. The Commercial Code regulates the corporate forms and business (entrepreneurial) activities that are defined as systematic activities conducted independently by an entrepreneur (either an individual or legal entity), in their own name and under their own responsibility for the purpose of making a profit.
HRB 68648 ISO 2012/2262/INI PROJECT Lei "Ellinon Politeia"
NEW GLOBAL OPEN WEB E BANKING MARKET HANDLING INTERNATIONAL GREEK CHARGES GR0112005674 Name und Anschrift des Leistenden Name/Unternehmen E.D.GOUTOS SA Postleitzahl 21300 Ort PORTOCHELI GREECE Staat Vereinigte Staaten von Amerika Steuernummer/USt-IdNr. 93172860596 Sitz des Geldinstitutes GREECE Bankleitzahl (Sortcode) 20122262 Bank Identification Code (BIC) HRB68648
This document provides information on different types of business entities and structures that can be established in Germany by foreign investors, including:
- Limited liability companies (GmbH), stock corporations (AG), partnerships, and branches are common options. Requirements vary but include minimum capital and number of owners.
- Branches allow foreign companies to conduct business in Germany directly while still being fully liable under the foreign company. Subsidiaries are independent German legal entities subject to German laws.
- Both branches and subsidiaries require registration, obtaining tax and VAT numbers, filing financial statements, and appointing legal representatives in accordance with German laws.
- Employment contracts in Germany are governed by labor laws, collective bargaining agreements, and
If you want to open a company in Zug, our specialists can help you. Feel free to visit us at https://www.companyformationswitzerland.com/ for guidance.
STREETONOMICS: Exploring the Uncharted Territories of Informal Markets throug...sameer shah
Delve into the world of STREETONOMICS, where a team of 7 enthusiasts embarks on a journey to understand unorganized markets. By engaging with a coffee street vendor and crafting questionnaires, this project uncovers valuable insights into consumer behavior and market dynamics in informal settings."
Falcon stands out as a top-tier P2P Invoice Discounting platform in India, bridging esteemed blue-chip companies and eager investors. Our goal is to transform the investment landscape in India by establishing a comprehensive destination for borrowers and investors with diverse profiles and needs, all while minimizing risk. What sets Falcon apart is the elimination of intermediaries such as commercial banks and depository institutions, allowing investors to enjoy higher yields.
2. Elemental Economics - Mineral demand.pdfNeal Brewster
After this second you should be able to: Explain the main determinants of demand for any mineral product, and their relative importance; recognise and explain how demand for any product is likely to change with economic activity; recognise and explain the roles of technology and relative prices in influencing demand; be able to explain the differences between the rates of growth of demand for different products.
How Does CRISIL Evaluate Lenders in India for Credit RatingsShaheen Kumar
CRISIL evaluates lenders in India by analyzing financial performance, loan portfolio quality, risk management practices, capital adequacy, market position, and adherence to regulatory requirements. This comprehensive assessment ensures a thorough evaluation of creditworthiness and financial strength. Each criterion is meticulously examined to provide credible and reliable ratings.
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1. Whispering Tree Buiness Consultancy Office
address: H-1143 Buda
web: www.whisperingtree.hu
e-mail: whisperingteebt@gmail.com
A COMPLETE GUIDE TO
DOING BUSINESS
IN HUNGARY
2018
EVERYTHING YOU NEED
A FREE E-BOOK
#BUSINESS STARTUP, #
#SOCIAL INSURANCE
1
Whispering Tree Buiness Consultancy Office
1143 Budapest, Szobránc u. 15/A. AS.2. Hungary
www.whisperingtree.hu/EN
whisperingteebt@gmail.com |mobile: +36 20 548 4103
A COMPLETE GUIDE TO
DOING BUSINESS
IN HUNGARY
EVERYTHING YOU NEED TO KNOW
BOOK
#BUSINESS STARTUP, #TAXATION,
#SOCIAL INSURANCE, #ACCOUNTING
DOING BUSINESS
TAXATION,
, #ACCOUNTING
2. 2
TALE OF CONTENTS
1 INTRODUCTION 3
1.1 About Hungary 3
2 STARTING AN ENTERPRISE IN HUNGARY 4
2.1 Legal form of Hungarian enterprises 4
2.2 Difference between a legal and a non-legal person 4
2.3 About Hungarian private enterprise 4
2.4 About Hungarian Business Partnerships (KKT and BT.) 5
2.5 About Hungarian Limited Liability Company (KFT.) 5
2.6 Comparison of legal forms of Hungarian businesses 6
2.7 Documents needed for Hungarian company registration 8
2.8 Setting up a Hungarian company by authorization 8
2.9 What is an apostille and where you can obtain one? 8
2.10 Opening bank accounts 8
2.11 Opening electronic company portal 9
2.12 Formation of a Hungarian company: step-by-step guide 10
2.13 Company startup document checklist 10
3 TAXATION IN HUNGARY 12
3.1 General overview 12
3.2 Income taxes 12
3.3 Social security taxes 14
3.4 Other taxes 14
3.5 Summary of the major taxes, rates and corresponding deadlines in Hungary 15
4 SOCIAL SECURITY IN HUNGARY 17
4.1 General overview 17
4.2 Minimal salary (2018) 17
4.3 Taxes attached to social insurance and employment (2018) 18
4.4 How much social insurance an entrepreneur has to pay in Hungary? (2018) 19
4.5 Benefits from social security 19
5 ACCOUNTING IN HUNGARY 20
5.1 Common regulations 20
5.2 Private enterprises 20
5.3 Companies 20
5.4 Financial audit 20
6 FAQ 21
7 CONTACT 22
3. 3
1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 About Hungary
Hungary is republic situated in Central-Europe. It is an EU member country since 2004.
Area: 93.030 sqkm
Population: 9.845k (2015)
Form of government: Republic (democracy)
Capital city: Budapest
GDP: 120.7 billion USD (2015)
Climate: Continental, moderate
Last election held: 2018
Next elections: 2022
Leading political party FIDESZ
Prime minister: Viktor Orbán
President of State: János Áder
Official currency Hungarian forint (HUF)
Measurement system: Metric
Time zone: UTC +1
4. 4
2 STARTING AN ENTERPRISE IN
HUNGARY
2.1 Legal form of Hungarian enterprises
There are three major types of businesses in Hungary:
1. Private enterprise and private company
2. Company
3. Branch office
Private enterprise and private company are non-legal persons. Legally, those are considered natural
persons.
Every company is a legal person.
A branch office may be established by a foreign parent company and is considered a non-legal
person. Branch office, legally, may not be separated from its parent company: its transactions are
part of the business activity of the parent company.
2.2 Difference between a legal and a non-legal person
Legal persons may have rights and obligation under their own name, while non-legal persons cannot.
There must be always a legal or a natural person behind a non-legal person. E.g. a private enterprise
legally is the same person as the individual who established it.
2.3 About Hungarian private enterprise
2.3.1 Basics
Legal or non-legal person Non-legal person
Minimum share capital There is no capital for a private enterprise
Way of establishment Electronically through customer gate
Possible taxation method of profit Personal income tax, KATA, KIVA
Minimum number of owners N/A
Financial liability of the owner Unlimited
Maximum income, number of
employees
Not limited
2.3.2 Who can start a private enterprise?
Private enterprise may be formed by:
• Hungarian citizens
• EU citizens
5. 5
• Non-EU citizens if they have a permanent residence permit or a residence permit with the
following reasons: studying, gainful activity, unifying family.
2.4 About Hungarian Business Partnerships (KKT and BT.)
2.4.1 Basics
Legal or non-legal person Legal person
Minimum share capital No minimal capital
Way of establishment Electronically through a lawyer or public notary
Possible taxation method of profit Corporate income tax, KATA, KIVA
Minimum number of owners 2
Financial liability of the owner
Kkt: unlimited for every owner
Bt-s: unlimited for at least 1 owner
Maximum income, number of
employees
Not limited
2.4.2 Who can form a Hungarian Business Parntership?
Almost anybody which means: local, EU and non-EU citizens and local or foreign registered legal
persons.
•
2.5 About Hungarian Limited Liability Company (KFT.)
2.5.1 Basics
Legal or non-legal person Legal person
Minimum share capital 3.000.000.-HUF
Way of establishment Electronically through a lawyer or public notary
Possible taxation method of profit Corporate income tax, KIVA
Minimum number of owners 1
Financial liability of the owner Limited
Maximum income, number of
employees
Not limited
2.5.2 Who can form a Hungarian Limited Liability Company?
Almost anybody which means: local, EU and non-EU citizens and local or foreign registered legal
persons.
6. 6
2.6 Comparison of legal forms of Hungarian businesses
The following properties should be taken into account in the comparison of the legal formats of
Hungarian enterprises:
• Legal or non-legal person (as described above)
• Registration process: whether a lawyer and court registration is needed or not
• Minimal capital: what is the minimum amount that should be paid as registered capital
• Number of owners: how many owners the company may have
• Financial liability: is there a limited or unlimited financial liability behind the enterprise
• Taxation system: what taxation methods the business may apply
7. 7
The table below is a short summary of the comparison of the Hungarian business formats.
Business type
Legal or
non-legal
person
Registration
process
Minimal
capital
Number
of owners
Financial
liability
Taxation system
Private
enterprise
Natural
person
Electronic
registration, no
lawyer and
court is needed
N/A 1 Unlimited
Private income
tax (SZJA)
Small taxpayers’
tax (KATA)
Small enterprise
tax (KIVA)
Private company
Natural
person
Electronic
registration, no
lawyer and
court is needed
N/A 1
Unlimited
or limited
Private income
tax (SZJA)
Small taxpayers’
tax (KATA)
Small enterprise
tax (KIVA)
Business
partnership (Kkt.
and Bt.)
Legal
person
Lawyer and
court
registration is
need
N/A min. 2.
Unlimited
for at least
1 owner,
limited the
others. In
case of Kkt.:
unlimited
for
everyone
Corporate
income tax (TAO)
Small taxpayers’
tax (KATA)
Small enterprise
tax (KIVA)
Limited company
(Kft.)
Legal
person
Lawyer and
court
registration is
need
3.000.000
HUF
min. 1
Limited for
all the
owners
Corporate
income tax (TAO)
Small enterprise
tax (KIVA)
Private limited
company (Zrt.)
Legal
person
Lawyer and
court
registration is
need
5.000.000
HUF
min. 1
Limited for
all the
owners
Corporate
income tax (TAO)
Small enterprise
tax (KIVA)
Public limited
company (Nyrt.)
Legal
person
Lawyer and
court
registration is
need
20.000.000
HUF
Public
shares
should be
issued
Limited for
all the
owners
Corporate
income tax (TAO)
Branch office
Non-
legal
person
Lawyer and
court
registration is
need
N/A
Ownership
is not
applicable
Parent
company is
liable
Corporate
income tax (TAO)
8. 8
2.7 Documents needed for Hungarian company registration
Documents needed by private persons (i.e. owner of the Hungarian company will be a private person
or more private persons):
• Valid passport
• Proof of Hungarian temporary or permanent address (Hungarian address card) OR
proof of address is home country (e.g. bank statement, address card or the like). A
private enterprise requires a valid Hungarian address card.
• Hungarian personal tax number (free of charge, application may be done personally in
Hungary or by proxy)
• Hungarian social security number for the general manager(s) and employee(s) of the
company. A private entrepreneur requires a local social security number.
Documents needed by legal-persons or companies (i.e. the owner of the Hungarian business will be
a foreign company or other legal person):
• Copy of company register or other proof of incorporation with an apostille that certifies the
validity of the do cument
• Official Hungarian translation of the above mentioned document
• Valid passport of the representative of the legal person
• Proof of Hungarian temporary or permanent address (Hungarian address card) OR proof of
address is home country (e.g. bank statement, address card or the like)
• Hungarian personal tax number (free of charge, application may be done personally in
Hungary or by proxy)
2.8 Setting up a Hungarian company by authorization
It is possible to set up a Hungarian company by authorization (i.e. our company will sign on the
behalf of our client), however, an apostilled authorization (power of attorney = PoA) is required
during the procedure. The authorization will be prepared and handled by us.
What you will need to do is to get the PoA signed and apostilled.
2.9 What is an apostille and where you can obtain one?
Apostille is an internationally accepted proof issued by a certified lawyer of public notary or by the
Hungarian Embassy. It testifies the validity of the documents that are signed. It is officially required
for some documents by the Hungarian Court.
2.10 Opening bank accounts
One may open several private and/or corporate bank accounts. The general practice is that there is
no initial deposit needed. Credit cards are not popular in Hungary, rather debit cards are used. A
9. 9
debit card may be obtained at the time of the bank account opening, although, it usually takes two
weeks to be prepared.
Please note, that Hungarian businesses need to open at least one domestic Hungarian forint bank
account.
Companies may have foreign currency domestic and foreign bank accounts also. The domestic
account are automatically reported to the authorities by the banks. Foreign ones should be reported
to the authorities manually.
Bank accounts may be opened personally by the general manager or by proxy (power of
authorization).
2.11 Opening electronic company portal
From 2018, electronic company portal is mandatory to open and maintain. The state will use this to
communicate with the company.
We will open this for you in order to comply with the regulations.
10. 10
2.12 Formation of a Hungarian company: step-by-step guide
2.13 Company startup document checklist
Description Check
Documents for private person owner(s) and general manager(s)
Valid passport OR a valid ID card (EU citizens only)
Proof of home address (e.g. bank statement, address card – official translation
may be required also in some cases)
T34 form and Hungarian personal tax number certificate (will be obtained in
Hungary in person or by authorization in advance of company registration)
Documents for legal entity owner(s)
11. 11
Description Check
Company register certificate/extract with an apostille
Official translation of the above document (will be obtained in Hungary)
Founding documents (countersigned by lawyer OR apostilled and sent to the court)
Assignment of delivery for each of the owners and general manager who do NOT
have a Hungarian address
Declaration of acceptance of the position of general manager
Declaration of usage of seat
Declaration of payment of registered capital
List of shareholders
Specimen of signature for general manager(s)
Founder’s resolution
Articles of incorporation
Authorization of company registration, personal tax ID registration, bank account
opening, mandatory registrations and company portal opening (if done by that
way)
Internal documents (mandatory but not sent to the court)
Authorization for opening bank accounts and obtaining debit cards (if necessary)
Authorization for tax offices (required to post any tax declaration)
Short description of the case (Chamber of Lawyers’ standard)
Assignment for the lawyer (power of attorney) to register the company
Identification datasheet (required by Hungarian legislation since anti-terrorism
and anti-money-laundering legislations have been introduced)
Local and international criminal record and ID document validity query
(mandatory)
12. 12
3 TAXATION IN HUNGARY
3.1 General overview
The following section is an overview of the Hungarian taxation system for newcomers. Hungarian
taxes may be classified in four major groups:
• Income taxes
• Value added tax
• Social security taxes
• Other taxes
3.2 Income taxes
3.2.1 Personal income tax (Személyi jövedelemadó SZJA)
Personal income tax may be applied to earnings generated by private persons in Hungary. The rate of
this tax is fixed 15% (in 2018).
The basis of the personal tax is the earnings that are realized during the tax year (i.e. calendar year
by default).
Earnings = Incomes - Expenses accepted by personal income tax law
To what earnings the personal income tax may be applied?
• Wages, salary
• Regular commissions
• Profit generated by private enterprise
• Earnings generated by selling properties (land, building) or other possessions (car, furniture
etc.)
• Dividends, interest
• Capital earnings (exchange rate gains)
3.2.2 Corporate income tax (Társasági adó - TAO)
Corporate income tax may be applied to companies that not decided to use special taxation systems
like KATA or KIVA.
The rough calculation of corporate income tax basis is the following:
Taxable profit = Earnings before taxes +/- Corporate income tax modifiers
The rate of the corporate income tax is 9%.
13. 13
There is a so-called minimum tax basis. It should be applied after the first tax year of the company.
The essence of this system is that if the actual tax basis does not reach a certain level, 2% of all the
incomes should be considered as minimum tax basis.
3.2.3 Small taxpayers’ tax (KATA) – a wonderful tax!
May be applied by private enterprises, private companies and business partnerships (Kkt., Bt.). It is a
fixed fee in every month. It includes all the income taxes, the social security taxes plus the dividend
tax.
The fixed tax is only 50.000.-HUF/month. The rest may be used for private spending. The limit for
this tax is 12.000.000.-HUF yearly income (in 2018). Above the limit, 40% additional tax should be
based on the difference.
It a very popular and convenient taxation form. For private enterprises and small companies, this
might be the best choice.
3.2.4 Small enterprise tax (Kisvállalati adó - KIVA)
KIVA is a simplified taxation system may be applied by several businesses (please refer to enterprise
legal format section). The basic rate is 16%, however, the calculation of the basis is quite
sophisticated. It includes the income tax and the social security contribution tax. It may carry benefits
for some of the enterprises compared to the corporate income tax system.
3.2.5 Local turnover tax (Helyi iparűzési adó)
Local turnover tax should be paid to the local government where the enterprise has its seat address
or operates a business property. If several local areas are affected, the local turnover tax should be
split.
The actual rate of the local turnover tax is determined by the local governments. The maximum rate
is that may be applied is 2%.
Basis of the local turnover tax = Revenue – Costs of materials – Costs of goods sold – Cost of services
sold
3.2.6 Value added tax (Általános forgalmi adó - ÁFA)
Value added tax work very similar to other countries. Basically, it should be paid on local
consumption. There are three VAT rates in Hungary: 27%, 18% and 5%.
The essence of the system is that VAT paid on purchases may be deducted from the VAT that should
be paid on sales. The difference should be paid to the government.
The system is complicated and contains strict regulations, especially the rules applied to invoicing.
Under 8 million forint of yearly turnover, the enterprise may choose a VAT free status. This means
that the business should not pay and deduct VAT. In addition, VAT returns should not be posted.
Cash accounting VAT method may also be applied upon choice under 125 million forint of yearly
turnover. Cash accounting means that the VAT should be paid and deducted when the value of the
invoice is actually paid. This system may be beneficial if the buyers pay later.
There are three VAT declaration frequencies in Hungary. Reclaim limits are also connected to VAT
frequencies:
14. 14
• Monthly – 1 million forint
• Quarterly – 250 million forint
• Yearly – no reclaim limit
EU tax number should be registered if the business plan to manage EU transactions (i.e. buying and
selling from and to other EU countries). EU transactions should be reported to the government.
3.3 Social security taxes
Hungary introduced the public social security system. That means every insured resident should pay
a certain amount of contribution. In return, he will be part of the government social insurance
system. What is included in public social security in Hungary?
• Retirement
• Healthcare and health benefits
• Unemployment benefit
Please refer to section named Social Security in Hungary
3.4 Other taxes
3.4.1 Business car tax
Business car tax is paid on the personal cars owned by the company or on private owned personal
cars, if the company accounts any costs. Business car tax should not be paid on lorries and trucks and
on other non-personal vehicles.
Business car tax only depends on the performance and environmental class of the car. The higher the
performance of the car is and the less emission the car has, the lower the tax is.
3.4.2 Local car tax
Local car tax is determined by and should be paid to the local government. It depends on the
performance and age of the car.
3.4.3 Tourist tax
Tourist tax should be paid to the local government by those who carry out short-term
accommodation businesses activities (e.g. booking.com, rnb.com). It is either a fixed amount and
based on the nights that are spent by the tourists or a certain percentage of the overall
accommodation fee.
3.4.4 Business phone and representation tax
If a company books phone costs, there is tax that should be paid on the costs. 20% of the gross
telephone spending should be considered as private spending and is taxed by the state. The taxation
is done through the personal income tax system.
15. 15
The same is true for representation and business gift expenses: those items are taxed through the
personal income tax system.
3.4.5 Excise duty
Excise duty should be paid on certain products (tobacco, alcohol and petrol) by manufacturers,
wholesalers. It is a very complicated and strict tax system which requires the employment of
professionals.
3.4.6 Environmental tax
Environmental tax should be paid on packaging materials (paper, iron, glass, plastic) by the
wholesaler or the manufacturer of the product. Most of the enterprises may meet this tax as a
separate item in the invoice which raises the purchasing price of the packaging material.
3.5 Summary of the major taxes, rates and corresponding deadlines in
Hungary
Tax name
Tax subject (Who
pays it?)
Tax rate
Tax form nr. and
frequency of report
Due date
Corporate income tax Companies 9% 29 – Yearly 31st
May
Small taxpayers tax
(KATA)
Bt and Private
enterprises
50.000.-
HUF/month
KATA – Yearly 25th
February
Value added tax (VAT)
Every business,
sometimes
private persons
also
27%
65,A60 – Monthly,
quarterly or yearly
20th
day after
month or
quater
Personal income tax
(SZJA)
Private persons 15% 53 – Yearly 20th
May
Local turnover tax
(HIPA)
Every business
Depends on
the
settlement,
average is
2%
HIPA – Yearly 31st
May
Chamber of commerce
contribution
Every business
5.000.-
HUF/year
Yearly, no form
required
31st
March
Dividend tax
Private persons if
they withdraw
dividend form a
company
15% + 14% =
29%
53 – Yearly 25th
February
Private enterprise tax
Private
enterprises
15% 53 – Yearly 25th
February
Private enterprise
dividend tax
Private
enterprises
15% + 14% =
29%
53 – Yearly 25th
February
16. 16
Tax name
Tax subject (Who
pays it?)
Tax rate
Tax form nr. and
frequency of report
Due date
Excise duty on
properties bought
Everybody 4% B4000 – Occasionally -
Excise duty on car
purchased
Everybody
Depends on
engine
volume
-
Social security Every employer
See section
social
security. It
included
several taxes
08
12th
day after
each month
17. 17
4 SOCIAL SECURITY IN HUNGARY
4.1 General overview
Social security system includes the following services:
• Retirement
• Healthcare and health benefits
• Unemployment benefit
In order to have social security in Hungary, a so-called insurance relationship is needed. When is
somebody considered as an insured person? The most important and common cases are the
followings:
• Employment under work contract (including general manager if carried out as employee)
• Assignment contract if the regular fee exceeds 30% of minimal wage
• If any of the private person owners of a company acts also as a general manager
• Self employed entrepreneur – if not carried out under work contract or as general manager
• Private entrepreneur - if not under KATA system
• Health insurance based on mutual agreement with the Hungarian Health Institute (OEP)
4.2 Minimal salary (2018)
In Hungary, the system of minimal salary is introduced. This is the basis of the social security taxes
and the minimal salary that employers have to pay for their employees.
Minimal wage is determined and revised every year by the government. It depends on the level of
education and it is always calculated for 40 hours/week of employment.
Level of education Minimal wage (40 workhours/week)
Primary school or below 138.000 HUF
Secondary school or above 180.500 HUF
18. 18
4.3 Taxes attached to social insurance and employment (2018)
Tax Percentage Base Who pays it?
Social contribution tax 19,5% Salary but not less than the
minimal salary Employer
Training contribution 1,5%
Taxes paid on salary 21%
Retirement fund 10%
Salary but not less than the
minimal salary
Employee
Health fund 7%
Unemployment fund 1,5%
Personal income tax 15% Effective payment
Taxes deducted from salary 33,5%
TOTAL 54,5%
When someone DOES NOT have to pay public insurance?
• Having a certified insurance in another EU country for any reasons (not applicable, if the
persons is applying for Hungarian residency, since that will require Hungarian social security
and will terminate any other insurances)
• Having a Hungarian work contract with at least 36 workhours a week
• Having another insurance as an entrepreneur where all the minimums are paid
• Having a certified social security in the home country if Hungary and home country have a
mutual agreement on social cooperation and that law accepts foreign insurance in Hungary
(it is very rare in practice)
• The insured one is a retired person (in this case, health service contribution should be paid
which is a fixed and low fee)
19. 19
4.4 How much social insurance an entrepreneur has to pay in Hungary?
(2018)
Social insurance depends on the legal relationship between the enterprise and the employed person.
Tax title Percentage
Self-employment,
private
entrepreneur,
general manager
who is owner at the
same time
Work Contract
with primary
school
Work Contract
with secondary
school or higher
degree
Minimal
tax
basis
Tax
Minimal
tax basis
Tax
Minimal
tax
basis
Tax
Social contribution
tax
19,5% 155.250 30.274 138.000 28.050 180.500 35.198
Training contribution 1,5% 138.000 2.070 138.000 1.913 180.500 2.708
Taxes paid on salary 21% - 32.344 - 29.963 - 37.906
Retirement fund 10% 138.000 13.800 138.000 12.750 180.500 18.050
Health fund 7% 207.000 14.490 138.000 8.925 180.500 12.635
Unemployment fund 1,5% 207.000 3.105 138.000 1.913 180.500 2.708
Personal income tax 15% 138.000 20.700 138.000 19.125 180.500 27.075
Taxes deducted from
salary
33,5% - 52.095 - 42.713 - 60.468
TOTAL 54,5% - 84.439 - 72.676 - 98.374
4.5 Benefits from social security
There are some benefits that the employer may deduct from social security tax.
Examples are: employees under the age 25 or above the age 55; mothers on maturity leave, public
employment; employment of disabled persons; employment of people with low education;
employment of permanently unemployed people.
20. 20
5 ACCOUNTING IN HUNGARY
From accounting perspective, one may distinguish 2 major groups:
• Private enterprises
• Companies
5.1 Common regulations
Both private enterprises and companies should keep the same records about VAT (ÁFA) if they did
not choose to apply the VAT-free system.
Payroll and taxes attached requires every business to apply the same regulations.
5.2 Private enterprises
Private enterprises are not subject to accounting law, while companies are.
Private enterprises maintain their records according to the personal income tax regulations. If private
enterprise is under the KATA system, it should only keep its outgoing invoices and submit 1 tax
declaration in each year.
Private enterprises use the single entry bookkeeping method.
5.3 Companies
Companies fall under the regulations of accounting law. They should prepare yearly financial
statements and corporate income tax returns.
If a business partnership (Bt.) applies the KATA rules, it should not prepare financial statements.
Limited companies (Kft.) in Hungary should always post their financial statements. This is done
electronically.
Companies apply the double entry bookkeeping method.
5.4 Financial audit
External financial audit is mandatory in Hungary, if the yearly turnover of the company exceeds 300
million HUF in two oncoming years.
Private enterprises are not obliged to perform an external financial audit.
21. 21
6 FAQ
Q: How much does it cost to establish a company in Hungary
A: We offer discounted packages for company registration, official seat, taxation, accounting and
residency permit. Please check out our website for our latest prices at www.whisperingtree.hu/EN
Q: How long does it take to open a company?
A: If all the documents are prepared, usually it will take from 2 days up to 2 week, depending on the
Hungarian Court. Please note that for non-Hungarians, it will take a little bit longer.
Q: Shall I come to Hungary or can I establish my business from abroad?
A: The Hungarian Court and banks accept a properly apostilled authorization. So, the presence of the
Client is not mandatory.
Q: Shall I deposit the minimum registered capital to a bank account?
A: Not at all. The declaration of the general manager is needed only that states the recieival of the
capital as petty cash.
Q: Does a Hungarian business mean automatic residency?
A: No. Residency should be obtained separately but based on the company and the business activity.
Q: Is there a minimum deposit before opening a Hungarian bank account?
A: In Hungary, no minimum deposit is needed to open any bank account. However, it is advisable to
deposit some money to cover the maintenance costs of the account.
Q: How can I avoid minimum social security tax?
A: If you are an EU citizen and you have social security in another EU member country, all you have
to prove is that fact (form E101). If you are coming from a non-EU country, the person of the general
manager and the owner should be separated.
Q: I am coming from a EU country. Can I establish a private enterprise?
A: Yes, you can without restrictions.
Q: I am coming from a non-EU country. Can I establish a private enterprise?
A: First, you will need a residency permit with the following reasons: studying, unifying family, gainful
activity.
Q: I am studying here. Can I open a private enterprise or a company?
A: Yes. You can establish both independently from your citizenship.
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7 CONTACT
If you have any further questions, please feel free to contact us.
Web: www.whisperingtree.hu/EN
e-mail: whisperingtreebt@gmail.com; info@whisperingtree.hu
Mobile/Viber: +36 20 548 4103
Address: 1143 Budapest, Szobránc u. 15/A. AS.2., Hungary
Office hours: Monday-Friday from 9 a.m. till 5 p.m. (9-17)