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मारवाड़ राज्य की सैन्य व्यवस्था : मध्यकालीन युग में
डॉ. सज्जन ससिंह राठौड़,
सहायक आचायय, माधव सवसिद्यालय, ससरोही, राजस्थान.
izLrkouk izkphu dky ls gh jkT; dh vkUrfjd o
ckgjh lqj{kk ds fy, ;ksX; jktk ds lkFk] ,d l'kDr
lsuk Hkh vfuok;Z FkhA e/;dky rd lsuk dh
dq'kyrk gh jkT; dh lqj{kk dh vfuok;Z 'krZ cu
xbZA jko lhgk }kjk LFkkfir ekjokM+ eas
jkBkSM+ jkT; viu s LFkkiuk ls gh vkUrfjd o
ckgjh 'k=qvks a rFkk Lotuks a ds fonkzsgh
izo`fÙk ls eqdkcyk dj ,d Lora= ekjokM+ jkT;
LFkkfir dju s eas lQy jgsA jkBkSM+ lsuk
izkjEHk dky ls gh jktHkfDr] uSfrd eYw ;ks
a ls vksrizksr Fkh] os foijhr ifjfLFkfr;ks a
es a Hkh jkT;lsok es a viuk loksZPp
cfynku nus s ds fy, lnSo rRij jgrs FksA
tk/s kiqj jkT; lsuk eas dsoy jktirw tkfr dk s
gh lSU; dk;Z ds fy, j[kk tkrk FkkA LocU/kq
o jDr dh ifo=rk dk s dBksjrk ls ikyu fd;k
x;kA tk/s kiqj jkT; dh lSU; O;oLFkk dk Lo:i
Lkkjka'k
jko tk/skk }kjk LFkkfir HkkbZ&caV dh tkxhj O;oLFkk gh] मारवाड़ jkT; dh lUS; O;oLFkk dk vk/kkjHkrw
LraHk FkhA tk/skiqj jkT; ds lUS; lxa Bu dk vk/kkj jkT; ds NkVs s&cM+ s lHkh tkxhjnkj ¼iV~Vsnkj½
gksr s FksA izR;sd tkxhjnkj tkxhj ds cnys es a fuf'pr l[a ;k es a lSfud j[kr s Fks vkjS vko';drk iM+u s ij
jkT; dh los k ds fy, ges'kk rRij jgrs FkAs tkxhj ds vuqlkj gh tkxhjnkjkas dks ?kqM+lokj o 'kqrqj lokj j[ku
s gksr s FksA izk;% tkxhj dk forj.k 'kkld vius gh oa'k ds yksxkas es a djrk FkkA blds lkFk gh muds lkFk
oSokfgd lca a/kks a vFkok vU; dkj.kkas l s Hkh xSj jkBkMS + oa'kh; jktirw ksa dk s Hkh tkxhjsa
¼iV~Vk½ iznku dh tkrh FkhA lkekU;r% jktk lkeUrkas dk s tkxhjs nsus es a oa'kkuqxr ijEijk dk s fuHkkrk
FkkA iV~Vk iznku djrs le; izR;sd lkeUr ds iV~Vs es a lkeUr dk s lfSud vFkok vlfSud fdl izdkj dh lsok
djuh gksxh] mYys[k gksrk FkkA lfSud los k gh egÙoiw.kZ FkhA eqxydky es a jkBkSM+ jktk ekVs kjktk
mn;flag] eqxy eulcnkj gks x;s FksA vr% tk/s kiqj jktkvks a dks eqxy ckn'kkg dh lsok esa jgdj muds
vkns'kkulq kj fofHkUu ;q)kfHk;kukas es a tkuk iM+rk FkkA lkeUr gh 'kkld dh lSfud 'kfDr ds es:n.M
FksA lkeUr jkT; dh jh<+ dh gM~Mh FksA jkT; dh ljq {k dk nkf;Ro lkeUrkas ij jgrk FkkA lhekvkas dh ljq
{kk vkSj 'kkld dh vuiq fLFkfr esa jkt/kkuh o x<+ dh ns[kHkky o lqj{kk dk dk;ZHkkj ds fy, lkeUrkas dh
fu;qfDr dh tkrh FkhA vr% mUgs a Hkh jkBkMS + 'kkld ds lkFk jgdj ;=&r= tkuk iM+rk FkkA eqxy eulc
izkIr jkBkMS + jktk ds mÙkjkf/kdkjh dk vfare fu.kZ; eqxy ckn'kkg Lo;a djrk FkkA vr% eqxy vkf/kiR;
LFkkiuk ds ckn bl lna Hk Z es a Hkh lkeUrkas dk egÙo vkSj 'kfDr cgrq de gks x;h FkhA tk/skiqj jkT;
ds izR;sd ijxus es a Hkh jkT; dh vksj l s fuf'pr lus k j[kh tkrh FkhA mDr lus k dk ewy dk;Z ijxukas es a
'kkfar o O;oLFkk cuk;s j[kuk Fkk] ijUrq vko';drk iM+us ij lfSud vfHk;kukas es a Hkh mDr lus k dk mi;ksx
fd;k tkrk FkkA blds vfrfjDr 'kkld ds lh/k s fu;a=.k es a jkT; dh viuh vyx lus k Hkh jgrh FkhA ;g lus k
tk/skiqj es a gh jgrh FkhA jkT; dh bl lus k es a ?kMq +lokj] gfLrlus k] 'kqrqj lokj vFkkZr~ vksBh] rksiph
o iSny lsuk gksrh FkhA lSU; O;oLFkk dk lEiw.kZ nkf;Ro c['kh dk gksrk FkkA dsUnzh; LFkkbZ lus k
dks uxn Hkxq rku fd;k tkrk FkkA eqxy izHkko ls tk/skiqj dh lUS; O;oLFkk iV~Vsnkjh ij vk/kkfjr Fkh]
ftldk vk/kkj ^js[k* dk s cuk;k x;k FkkA tk/skiqj jkT; dh izkjaHk es a lkeUrh; O;oLFkk dkykUrj es a
iV~Vsnkjh O;oLFkk gh lSfud 'kfDr o O;oLFkk dk eq[; vk/kkj LraHk cu x;hA tk/s kiqj jkT; }kjk lSfud
n`f"Vdks.k l s lkeUrkas ij vR;f/kd fuHkjZ rk us Hkh dkykUrj.k es a tkdj jkT; dk s uqdlku gvq k] lkeUrkas
ij fu;a=.k j[ku s ds fy, jktk ds ikl LFkk;h lsuk ds vHkko es a ges'kk jkT; ds vkarfjd o ckg~; ekeyksa o
mÙkjkf/kdkjh tSls fu.kZ; Hkh lkeUrkas dh lykg o lgefr ls lEiUu gksu s yxsA jkBkMS +ks a dh
HkkbZ&caV lfSud i)fr us izkjEHk esa lkezkT; foLrkj esa lta houh dk dk;Z fd;k] lHkh lkeUr Lo;a dks
jkT;fgr ds fy, cfynku nsus ds fy, lnSo rRij jgrs Fks] yfsdu eqxy izHkko ls lUS; O;oLFkk dk s:ikUrfjr dj
iV~Vsnkjh es a cny fn;k] rc lkeUr dh fu"Bk jkT; ds izfr de gks xbZ vkSj os yxkrkj uohu iV~Vk izkIr djus
es a yxs jgsA ml vuqikr es a lsuk esa uohdj.k ugha fd;k rFkk iV~Vs dh 'krkasZ ds vulq kj fdlh Hkh
iV~Vsnkjkas us lSU; O;oLFkk dk leqfpr izca/k ugha fd;k tk s dkykUrj esa tkdj ejkBk vkØe.k ds le;
?kkrd fl) gqvkA
eq[; 'kCn % fBdkuk] rkxhjkr , HkkbZ caV] pkdjh] j[sk]] eq.MdVh] dqjc] Hkkse&ckc
jko tks/kk ds ^^HkkbZ&oUr^^ ¼HkkbZ caV½
fl)kUr ls izsfjr gksdj ,d etcwr lSU; O;oLFkk
eas :ikUrfjr dju s eas uhao dk dke fd;kA jko
tk/s kk u s vius Lotuks]a HkkbZ&cU/kqvks a
o vU; jktiwr dqfyu oa'kh; {kf=;ks a dks
LFkkbZ tkxhj nds j LFkkbZ lSU; O;oLFkk dh
'kq:vkr dhA jkBkSM+ks a dh lkeUrh;
O;oLFkk gh eq[; :i ls lSU; laxBu dh :ij[s kk
FkhA lEiw.kZ मारवाड़jkT; dh lSU; O;oLFkk dk
Lo:i o lajpuk lkeUrh; O;oLFkk ij fVdh gqbZ
FkhA jkBkSM+ lSfud jkT; ds izfr oQknkjh o
Lora=rk dk izrhd tk/s kiqj fdys ds fy, viu s
izk.k U;kSNkoj dju s ds fy, ges'kk rRij jgrs
FksA jkBkSM+ lsuk jktirw kuk dh lcls cM+h o
izeq[k lsuk FkhA ;s lsuk,s a jkT; ds gj fgLls
dh lqj{kk lqfuf'pr djrh FkhA jkBkSM+ lsuk dk
,d gh y{; Fkk] 'k=q ij thr o gj txg xoZ o bTtr ds
lkFk jgukA lsuk dh loksZPp deku jktk ds ikl
gksrh FkhA jkT; dh lqj{kk ds fy, jkBkSM+
lsuk ge's kk rSukr jgrh FkhA lsuk dks laxfBr]
O;ofLFkr o etcwr dju s eas lkeUrh; O;oLFkk
u s vge Hkwfedk dk fuoZgu fd;kA मारवाड़jkT;
dh lSU; O;oLFkk us मारवाड़ds fodkl es a
egÙoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkkbZA jkT; ds
LFkkiuk ds le; ekjokM+ dh lSU; iz.kkyh
izkphu i)fr ij gh laxfBr FkhA 16oha lnh eas
jkBkSM+ jktiwr jkT;ks a es a lkeUrh laxBu ds
fuf'pr Lo:i ij dksbZ fo'ks"k izdk'k ugh a iM+kA
e/;dkyhu jktLFkku ds jktiwrks a eas lkeUrh;
O;oLFkk FkhA ;g O;oLFkk ,d izdkj ls lkekftd
,oa jktuhfrd O;oLFkk dk gh Lo:i Fkh] ftlesa
urs k ds :i eas ,d jktk gksrk Fkk] tks lkeUrksa
ds lg;ksx ls jkT; ds iz'kklu dk dk;Z lapkyu djrk
FkkA lkeUr dk vFkZ gS ohj vFkok ;ks)kA
O;qRifÙk eyw d n`f"V ls ^le* milxZ eas ^vr*
izR;; tqM+us ls ^lkeUr* 'kCn curk gS] ftldk
vFkZ gS lE;d~ var%;LFk vFkkZr~ var vPNk
gSA lkeUr 'kCn ds vUrxZr lqj{kk dk Hkkj
laHkkyuk] jktk ds fy, lsuk tqVkuk] ;q) djuk
rFkk vius v/khuLFk dks n.M nus k] ekxkas Z
dh lqj{kk djuk vkfn dk;Z vkrs gSaA lkeUrokn
og lkekftd O;oLFkk Fkh] tgk¡ tkxhjnkj jktk ds
fy, yM+rs Fks] mlds cny s jktk mls lEeku nrs
k FkkA jkBkSM+ lÙkk ds ekjokM+ eas
LFkk;h :i ls
LFkkfir gksus ls iwoZ lHkh Hkw&Lokeh
vius {ks= dh j{kk dju s ds fy, fujUrj
iM+ksfl;ks a ls la?k"kZjr Fks] blfy, jktk o
tkxhjnkjks a nksuks a dh t:jr u s tkxhjnkjh
izFkk dks vaxhdkj fd;kA izkjEHk eas jko
tks/kk u s viu s LocU/kqvks a ij gh fo'okl dj
mUga s Hkw&Hkkx nsdj jkBkSM+ oa'k ds
izfr LokehHkDr cuk;k] rkfd Hkfo"; eas
dksbZ Hkh 'kfDr'kkyh tkxhjnkj fonkzsg
djds u;s oa'k dh LFkkiuk ugh a dj ldsA
izkjEHk eas jktk ds ikl i;kZIr lalk/ku ugh a
gksus ls] mlu s fo'kky lsuk dk fuekZ.k o
laxBu ugh a fd;k vkSj ;q) ds le; lsuk ds fy,
tkxhjnkjks a dh lsuk ij fuHkZj gks x;kA
tkxhjnkjks a u s Hkh ladVdky eas jktk dh
vkKk feyr s gh fu;r le; ij llSU; lsok eas
mifLFkr gksdj jkt/keZ dk ikyu fd;kA
dkykUrj es a tkxhjnkjks a u s Hkh viu s
Hkw&{ks=ksa dk s viu s iq=ks a o Hkkb;ks
a eas foHkkftr dj fn;k] ysfdu lEizHkqrk dk
L=ksr ge's kk jktk ds ikl gh jgkA bl izdkj ds
izxk<+ laca/k gksus ls मारवाड़ds jktk dk s
dHkh Hkh Lo;a dh futh lsuk ds fuekZ.k dh
vko';drk ugh a iM+hA ;q) ds le; ;k laHkkfor
vkØe.k gksus ij lkeUrks]a Bkdqjks a ;k
tkxhjnkjksa }kjk gh lsuk bDV~Bk dh tkrh
FkhA jktLFkku ds vU; jtokM+ks a ds leku
tk/s kiqj ds lkeUr Hkh ize[q k :i ls nks
oxksZa eas foHkDr FksA lkeUrks a dk ,d
oxZ ,slk Fkk] ftldk mn~Hko jktdqy ls gqvk
FkkA nlw js oxZ eas vU; led{k jktirw lkeUr
lfEefyr FksA Lodqyh; lkeUrks a dk jktk ds
lkFk cU/kqRo ,oa jDr dk laca/k FkkA os
Lokeh /keZ ds fl)kUr ls mRizsfjr gksdj jktk
dks lg;ksx nus s dks rRij jgrs Fks vkSj jkT;
ds cjkcjh ds fgLlsnkj gksus dk nkok Hkh
djr s FksA jktk dh vksj ls viu s
HkkbZ&csVks a dks thou fuokZg ds fy,
Hkwfe iznku dh tkrh Fkh] tk s mldh
oa'kkuqxr tkxhj ds :i eas jgrh Fkh] le; ds
lkFk&lkFk ,sl s tkxhjnkjks a dh la[;k eas
fujUrj o`f) gksrh xbZA1
मारवाड़jkT; dh lSU; O;oLFkk % tkxhjnkjh
izFkk ¼1453&1531 bZ-½
12 ebZ] 1459 bZ- dks jko tks/kk u s tk/s
kiqj nqxZ o uxj dh uhao j[k dj ,d u;s ;qx dh
'kq:vkr 2
dhA bl le; मारवाड़eas ,d l'kDr o LFkkbZ
jkBkSM+ lÙkk dh LFkkiuk gqbZA
मारवाड़eas jko tks/kk u s viu s vf/kd`r o foftr
Hkw&Hkkx dks viu s HkkbZ&cU/kqvks]a
iq=ks a o fofHkUu ljnkjks a eas foHkkftr dj
mid`r fd;kA dkykUrj eas bUgha ds lSfud
lg;ksx o leFkZu ls foLr`r मारवाड़jkT; dk Hkfo";
eas fuekZ.k gqvkA jko tks/kk u s viu s
Hkkb;ks a dks fuEu xk¡o iznku fd;s3& v[ksjkt
dk s cxM+h] pkaik dks dkijM+k o cukM+k]
Mwxa j dks Hkknzktw.k] ckyk dk s [kjyk] lkgyh
o [kksjM+h] :ik dks ygqvksa dk {ks= pkaMh]
eMa yk dk s chdkujs fLFkr lkanqM+ks]a djuk
dks yq.kkokl] ikrk dks dj.kq] oSjk dks ijxuk
lkstr dk nq/koM+] txeky dh e`R;q ;qokoLFkk
es a gks xbZ Fkh vr% mlds LFkku ij mlds iq=
[ksrlh dk s urs M+k xk¡o fn;k x;kA blh izdkj jko
tks/kk u s viu s iq=ksa dks xk¡o fn;s Fks] ftldk
fooj.k bl izdkj ls gSa4& lkry o lwtk ¼lgksnj
HkkbZ½ dk s मारवाड़es a gh j[kk] uhack dk s
lkstr ijxuk fdUrq mldh 'kh?kz gh eR` ;q gks
xbZ Fkh] ojflag vkSj nnw k ¼lgksnj HkkbZ½
dk s eMs +rk] chdk o chnk ¼lnksgj HkkbZ½
dk s chdkujs ] Hkkjey o tkxs k ¼lgksnj
HkkbZ½ dk s dks<.k] f'kojkt dk s nuw kM+k
vkSj djelh o jk;iky ¼lgksnj HkkbZ½ dk s
ukgk<ljk xk¡o fn;kA bl izdkj tk/s kiqj jkT; eas
lkeUr'kkgh O;oLFkk ¼tkxhjnkj½ dh uhao] jko
tk/s kk u s gh j[kh FkhA ;s leLr lkeUr viu&s viu
s ijxuks a eas ,d v)Z Lora= 'kkld dh Hkkafr
jktdk;Z dk lapkyu djr s FksA 'kkld dks viu s
jkT; ds foLrkj rFkk jkT; dh lqj{kk ds fy, lkeUrks
a ij fuHkZj jguk iM+rk FkkA ogha lkeUrks a
dks Hkh viuh fLFkfr dks cuk;s j[ku s dh
vko';drk ds fy;s ;ksX; urs `Ùo dh vko';drk
gksrh FkhA bl izdkj jko tks/kk u s viu s lkezkT;
dk s vius HkkbZ&cU/kqvks a es a foHkkftr dj
tkxhjnkj izFkk dk s ^^HkkbZ oar** ;k
^^HkkbZ&caV** izFkk es a cny fn;kA ftl izdkj
tk/s kiqj jktk dk vf/kdkj ,d fuf'pr Hkw&izn's k
Fkk] mlh izdkj lkeUrks a ds ikl Hkh viuh&viuh
tkxhjs a gqvk djrh FkhA tkxhj ;k Hkwfe
lkeUrks a dh O;fDrxr lEifÙk o mudh 'kfDr dk
vk/kkj Fkh] vr% ftu O;fDr;ks a ds ikl tkxhj ugh
a Fkh] os Hkh jktk ls tkxhj iku s rFkk ftuds ikl
tkxhj Fkh] os mls c<o+ ku s ds fy;s iz;Ru'khy
jgrs FksA jkBkSM+ jktk tkxhjnkjks a ls Å¡pk
O;fDr ugha le>k tkrk Fkk] cfYd 'kkld o lkeUr]
Hkzkr`Ùo o lekurk dk laca/k FkkA vius {ks=
es a lkeUr iw.kZr% Lora= Fks] QyLo:i os fdlh
ds v/khu jguk viuh e;kZnk ds fo:) le>rs FksA
mudh blh izo`fÙk ds dkj.k tc Hkh mUgs a volj
feyrk Fkk] os viuh 'kfDr c<+k fy;k djrs Fks
vkSj dHkh&dHkh jktk dk s fucZy ikdj mldh
mis{kk Hkh dj nrs s FksA5tk/s kiqj jkT; viu s
LFkkiuk dky ls eqxy v/khurk Lohdkj dju s rd]
मारवाड़dh lSU; O;oLFkk] ijEijkxr :i ls lkeUrks a
ds }kjk miyC/k djkbZ tkus okyh lsuk gksrh
FkhA jktk ds ikl LFkk;h lsuk dk ges'kk
vHkko jgus ls vkarfjd fonzksg o ckgjh
vkØe.k ds le; tks inkih lsuk] v'o lsuk] 'kqrqj
lsuk miyC/k djokbZ tkrh Fkh] og lEiw.kZ
lsuk lkeUrks a dh gksrh FkhA tk/s kiqj eas
jko tk/s kk ds Hkkb;ks a vkSj csVks a dh
lUrku eas ls LFkk;h ^fljk;r** ljnkjks a dk
mn~Hko gqvk FkkA os lHkh tk/s kiqj jkT;
ds LrEHk le>s tkrs Fks vkSj fljk;r ds ljnkj
ds uke ls tkus tkr s FksA pkaikor] dwaikor]
tSrkor rFkk djuksr jko tk/s kk ds Hkkb;ks
a ds oa'kt FksA vr% os ^^tho.kh fely** ds
lkeUr FksA jko tks/kk ds iq=ks a ls pyu s
okyh 'kk[kkvks a ds ljnkjks a tSls & eMs
+fr;k] mnkor] deZlksr vkfn dh x.kuk
^^Mkoh fely** eas gksrh FkhA6 jko j.key
ds oa'kt jktk ds le{k nka;h vksj tho.kh fely
ds ljnkj rFkk jko tks/kk ds oa'kt cka;h vksj
Mkoh fely ds ljnkjks a ds cSBus dh
O;oLFkk lqfuf'pr dh xbZA tho.kh fely dk
izeq[k ¼fljk;r½ vkmok ds pkaikor Bkdqj
dks cuk;k vkSj Mkoh fely dk izeq[k jh;ka
ds eMs +fr;k Bkdqj dks cuk;kA Lotkrh;
jkBkSM+ lkeUrks a ds vfrfjDr xSj
jkBkSM+ jktiwrks a dk s Hkh iV~Vs fn;s
tkr s FksA ;s iV~V s lSfud lsokvks a ds
cnys eas fn;s tkrs FksA muds cnys es a
os jkBkSM+ 'kkldkas dh v/khurk Lohdkj dj
mUgs a dj o lSU; lsok nus h iM+rh FkhA
bl Js.kh eas bZank] dPNokgk] HkkVh]
pkSgku] raoj] fllksfn;k vkfn jktiwr izeq[k
FksA lkeUrks a dh मारवाड़es a pkj eq[;
Jsf.k;k¡ Fkh &
1- tho.kh fely ds lkeUr & pkaikor] dqia
kor] 6 tsrkor] dj.kksr vkfnA
2- Mkoh fely ds lkeUr & eMs +fr;k] mnkor]
tks/kk vkfnA7
3- xuk;r es a 'kfey lkeUr & HkkVh]
pkSgku] dPNokgk] fllksfn;k vkfnA 4-
inkf/kdkjh ;k eRq ln~nh & nhoku] c['kh8
vkfnA jko tks/kk us मारवाड़jkT; dh lqj{kk
,oa vfLrRo dk s 'k=qvks als j{k.k ds fy,
'kklu eas viu s iq=ks&a Hkkb;ks]a
Lotuks a rFkk jktiwrks a dks laxfBr dju
s o iz'kklu eas mudks Hkkxhnkj cuk;kA
;s gh yksx lSU; O;oLFkk ds 'kfDr iqat
Fks] blfy, lSU; O;oLFkk dks cuk;s j[ku
s rFkk lkezkT; ds vfLrRo ds fy, jko
tks/kk u s viu s jkT; dks Lotuks a eas
foHkkftr dj vkilh lkSgkn Z ds Hkko
mRiUu fd;sA9 jko tk/s kk dh
HkkbZ&oar O;oLFkk u s Hkkoh tk/s kiqj
jkT; dh lSU; O;oLFkk ds
Lo:i o lajpuk dks izHkkfor dj ml ij nwjxkeh
izHkko MkyAs ;g 'kklu O;oLFkk 'kklu es a
fodsUnzhdj.k] lekurk o fo'okl ij vk/kkfjr FkhA
jkBkSM+ks a dh fofHkUu 'kk[kk,a o
mi'kk[kk,a jko tks/kk ds le; ls gh मारवाड़eas izfl)
gqbZ] tks jkBkSM+ jkto'a k dh lSfud lsok djrh
jgh tSls & pkaikor] dqaikor] tSrkor] mnkor]
djuksr] djelksr o ikrkor bR;kfnA10 jko tk/s kk
ds i'pkr~ mlds mÙkjkf/kdkjh ds p;u eas Hkh
lkeUrks a u s fo'ks"k Hkwfedk fuHkkbZ FkhA
lkeUrks a us jko tkxs k dks v;ksX; ekudj mlds
LFkku ij jko lkry dk s 'kkld cuk;k FkkA11 blh
izdkj jko lwtk ds i'pkr~ lkeUrks a us ohje ds
LFkku ij jko xkaxk dk s 'kkld cuk;kA12 jko
xkaxk dk jktfryd tSrk ¼tk/s kk ds HkkbZ
v[ksjkt dk iq=½ us Lo;a fd;k Fkk] rHkh ls
मारवाड़eas jktk ds jktfryd dju s dh ijEijk cxM+h
ds Bkdqj gh djrk FkkA13 lkeUrks a ds ;q) {ks=
esa vrqY; 'kkS;Z dk izn'kZu ls [kq'k gksdj jktk
tkxhjas iznku djrk Fkk] lSfud lsokvks a ds
cnys feyh tkxhj ^^ewMa dVkbZ** dgykrh Fkh]
ogha oSokfgd laca/kks a ls izkIr tkxhj ^^lkyk
dVkjh** dgykrh FkhA14 bUgs a LFkkuh;
ekjokM+h Hkk"kk es a ^^xuk;r** Hkh dgk tkrk
FkkA15>kyk tSrk dh csVh Lo:ins dk fookg jko
ekynos ds lkFk gqvk Fkk] blfy, jko ekynos us
tSrk dks [kSjok xk¡o tkxhj es a fn;k FkkA dqN
vU; jktirw nlw js jkT;ks a ls :B dj मारवाड़eas
vk;sA tk/s kiqj 'kkld u s mUgsa tkxhj ns viuk
lkeUr cuk;k FkkA jk.kk mn;flag dk Bkdqj ckyls
k lwtk vius Lokeh ls ukjkt gksdj jko ekynos ds
ikl vk;k] rc jko ekynos us mls dqN xk¡o tkxhj
es a fn;s FksA16 ekjokM+ eas ekykuh ds
lkeUrks a dh ,d i`Fkd Js.kh FkhA jko
eYyhukFk ds uke ij izns'k dk uke ekykuh
iM+kA eYyhukFk vkSj mlds HkkbZ tSreky ds
oa'kt ekykuh ds ljnkj FksA buds ik¡p eq[;
fBdkuks a eas ls tlksy] ckM+esj o fl.knjh ds
fBdkus eYyhukFk ds oa'ktks a ds ikl jgs vkSj
uxj rFkk x<k+]tSreky ds oa'ktks a ds FksA
ekjokM+ ds Bkdqj] ekjokM+ ds 'kkld dks
ukeek= dk gh dj nrs s Fks] ijUrq vko';drk
iM+us ij os viuh lsuk lfgr egkjktk dh lsok eas
mifLFkr gks tk;k djr s FksA17 lkeUrks a dh ,d
vU; Js.kh Hkksfe;k jktirw ks a dh FkhA mUgs
a lhekUr {ks= dh j{kk ds fy;s ,oa fo'ks"k lsok
ds fy;s xk¡o] tkxhj es a fn;s tkr s FksA os ,d
NksVh jde ^^QkSt cy** ;k ^^f[kpjh ykx** ds :i
es a 'kkld dks nrs s FksA tk/s kiqj eas lkapksj
{ks= ds pkSgku vf/kdrj blh oxZ ds tkxhjnkj
Fks] tks Hkksfe;k tkxhjnkj dgykrs FksA18 blds
vfrfjDr Hkksfe;k uked ,d vU; Js.kh dk Hkh
mYys[k feyrk gS] ftldk ijEijkxr :i ls tkxhj ij
vf/kdkj gksrk Fkk] tks oa'kkuqxr Hkh gksrk
FkkA og Lo;a ds ckgqcy ls vf/kd`r Hkwfe
dk Lokeh gksrk FkkA og d`f"k Hkwfe dk
fu%'kqYd Hkksx ¼Hkksehpkj½ Hkh dj 19
ldrk FkkA Hkksfe;k Hkwfe mlh dks feyrh
Fkh] ftlus jkT; dh dbZ rjg ls lsok dh gksA
Hkksfe;k dk vfuok;Z dÙkZO; Fkk xk¡o]
lM+dks a ,oa dks"k dh lqj{kk djuk ,oa tc
rd os viu s dÙkZO; dk ikyu djr s Fks]
mudk Hkwfe ij vf/kdkj cuk jgrk FkkA buls
jkT; ukeek= dk gh dj yrs k Fkk] ftldks
^^Hkkse cjkV** ;k ^^Hkkse ckc** ;k
^^Hkkse cko** dgk tkrk FkkA20 viu s
ckgqcy ls foftr Hkwfe lokZf/kd tkyksj ijxus
eas Fkh] tks ^^tksjryc** dgykrh Fkh] ftuds
xk¡oks a dh dqy la[;k 106 crkbZ xbZ
gSA21 [ksr ;k dqvk¡ tk s njckj ls fdlh dks
fn;k tkrk Fkk] mls ^^Hkkse** dgr s FksA
;g nks izdkj dh gksrh Fkh ,d rks ^^ewMa
dVh** dh Hkkse vkSj nlw jh ^^ekQh dh
Hkkse**A eawM dVh dh Hkkse eas dqN
Hkh yxku ¼Hkkse ckc½ ugh a fy;k tkrk
Fkk] D;ksfad muds iwoZt jkT; ds fy,
cfynku ns pqds gksrs Fks] nlw jh ekQhnkj
Hkkse gksrh Fkh] tks fdlh izdkj dh lsok ds
cnys eas tSls & xk¡o dh j{kk djuk] tqjk;e
is'kk yksxksa dk irk yxkuk] [ktkus ds #i;ks
a ds lkFk llSU; tkuk vkSj nkSj s ij vk;s
jktdh; vf/kdkfj;ks a ds igj s dk izcU/k djuk
vkfn ds 22
,ot es a nh tkrh FkhA jko tk/s kk ds le; ls
tk/s kiqj jkT; eas lkeUrh; O;oLFkk viuk
LFkk;h :i yus s yx xbZ Fkh o mldk Øe'k%
fodkl Hkh gksus yxk FkkA lkeUrks a us
jkT; dk;Z eas viuk opZLo dk;e djuk 'kq:
fd;k rFkk jktk ds fy, mudh vogsyuk djuk
laHko ugha FkkA lkeUrks a u s viu s
ckgqcy o lsuk ds opZLo ls ekjokM+ ds
mÙkjkf/kdkj fu;e eas Hkh gLr{ksi dju s
yxs] rHkh ekjokM+ eas ,d dgkor izfl) Fkh
& ^^fjM+ey Fkkfi;k ftdS jktk** vFkkZr~ jko
j.key ds oa'ktks a dh lgk;rk ls gh ekjokM+
ds flagklu ij dksbZ vklhu gks ldsxkA jktk
ds ikl futh lsuk dk vHkko rFkk mlds ikl
cgqr de lsuk gksrh FkhA lkeUrks a dh
lsuk gh jktdh; lsuk FkhA ;q) o vkØe.k ds
le; es a jktk iw.kZr% lkeUrks a dh lsuk ij
fuHkZj jgrk FkkA jko tks/kk ls yds j jko
ekynos ds 'kklu dky rd lkeUrks a dk
izeq[k dÙkZO; ;q) ds le; 'kkld dh lSfud
lsok djuk gksrk FkkA ;s lkeUr Lokeh/keZ
,oa LokehHkfDr ds fl)kUr ls izHkkfor gksdj
ge's kk jktk dh lSfud lsok ds fy, rRij jgrs
FksA23 lSfud lsok ds cnys es a lkeUrks a dks
xk¡o dh tkxhj iznku fd, tkr s FksA izR;sd
lkeUr dks fn;s tkus okys xk¡oks a dh la[;k]
mudh O;fDrxr ;ksX;rk vkSj 'kkld ds lkFk mlds
laca/kks a ij fuHkZj djrh FkhA jko xkaxk ds
le; gjnkl ÅgM+ }kjk ^^ydM+ pkdjh** dju s dk
mYy[s k feyrk gSA mls 27 xk¡oks a lfgr
dksj.kk dk iV~Vk Hkh feyk gqvk Fkk] yfsdu
gjnkl ÅgM+ ydM+ pkdjh vFkkZr~ izfro"kZ
jkT; es a fu;r ifjek.k dk bZa/ku dh iwfrZ djus
dk dk;Z ugha djrk Fkk vkSj dsoy fo'ks"k
voljks a ij 'kkld ds le{k mifLFkr gksdj eqtjk
djds ykSV tkrk FkkA bl dkj.k mldh lsokvks a
ls vlarq"V gksus ij jktk us dksj.kk dk iV~Vk]
Hkk.k dk s ns fn;k FkkA vr% ml le; lkeUrks a
dks lSfud dk;Z djus ds vfrfjDr vU; dk;Z Hkh
djus iM+rs Fks] ,slk ugha dju s ij mudh tkxhj
tCr Hkh gks ldrh FkhA24 ;q) eas egkjktk dh
lSfud lgk;rk djuk ^^pkdjh** dgykrk FkkA 'kkld
viu s lkeUrks a dks Lo;a dk leFkZd cuk;s j[ku
s ds fy, mUgs a xk¡o ds iV~Vs nsrs Fks] tSls
jko xkaxk us lsodh ;q) es a ;q) djrs le; fdlu
pkaikor ds ?kk;y gksus ij mls nqukM+k xk¡o
iV~Vs eas fn;k FkkA25 blh izdkj jko xkaxk u
s dqaik Bkdqj dk s ,d yk[k dk iV~Vk nsdj viuk
lkeUr cuk;k FkkA26 jko ekynos tSlk
'kfDr'kkyh 'kkld Hkh viuh lSfud {kerk ds fy,
vius izeq[k lkeUrks]a tSrk o dwaik ij fuHkZj
FkkA tc 'ksj'kkg lwj us lqeys fxjh ds ;q) eas
Ny&diV ls mlds lkeUrks a eas QwV Mkyus
dh dkfs'k'k dh vkSj mleas mls lQyrk Hkh
feyhA tc jko ekynos dks ;g lekpkj feyk fd
mlds izeq[k lkeUr 'ksj'kkg ls fey x;s gSa] rks
og 'kh?kz gh j.k{ks= NksM+dj pyk x;k rFkk
lqesy fxjh ds ;q) eas tSrk o dwia k 'ksj'kkg ds
fo:) yM+rs gq;s ohjxfr dks izkIr gq;sA27
ohje ds iq= pw.Mk us e.Mksj ij vf/kdkj dj
jkBkSM+ 'kfDr dks iqu% LFkkfir gksus dk ,d
volj izkIr gqvkA bl izlax esa ;g dgkor izpfyr gks
xbZ fd & ^^ekyjs k e<S+ u s ohje jk x<S+**
vFkkZr~ eYyhukFk ds oa'kt NksVs e<+S;ks
a es a jgus yxs o ohjenos ds oa'kt x<k+s a
¼nqxksZa½ eas jgus yxsA28 jko tk/s kk u s
viuh iSr`d lEifÙk dk s gLrxr djus ds mijkUr mls
foLrkfjr dju s dk iz;kl fd;k] ftlesa mls vk'kkrhr
lQyrk feyhA bl izdkj jko tks/kk ds le; jkBkSM+
jkT; ,d fuf'pr Lo:i yus s yxk vkSj blh ds lkFk ,d
foLr`r jkT; dh lqj{kk ds fy, lkeUr'kkgh ds lkFk
lSU; O;oLFkk Hkh vkdkj yus s yxhA uSfrd
n`f"V ls lkeUr lSU; vko';drk ds fy, jktk dh lgk;rk
dju s ds fy, ck/; FksA lkeUr jktk ds vfLrRo ij
iw.kZr% fuHkZj FksA jktk gS rks] lkeUr dk
vfLrRo dk;e jg ldrk Fkk] blfy, lkeUr ge's kk
vkUrfjd o cká lqj{kk ds fy, rRij o ltx jgrk
FkkA 'kkld ds lkFk mUgs a Hkh 'kklu dk;Z
eas fgLlk feyrk FkkA29 jktk ftu yksxksa dk
s tkxhj fn;k djrk Fkk] muls lsok izkIr djrk
FkkA og lsok lSfud lsok ds vfrfjDr vU; izdkj
dh Hkh gks ldrh FkhaA lSfud lsok rks
izR;sd Bkdqj djrk Fkk] mlds vfrfjDr vU;
izdkj dh lsok,a Hkh djrs FksA jko tks/kk ds
le; eas mlds HkkbZ&iq=ks a u s feydj dbZ
,sl s {ks= thr]s ftu ij igy s iwoZorhZ fdlh
Hkh jkBkSM+ 'kkld dk dksbZ vf/kdkj ugh
a FkkA ,sl s {ks= jko tk/s kk u s mu {ks=ks
a ds fotsrkvks a ds gh vf/kdkj eas jgus
fn;sA30 ;gh O;oLFkk eos kM+ vkSj tSlyejs
eas Hkh izpfyr FkhA31 iwxy ds Lokeh jko
dsYg.k ds ikS= vkSj pkpk ds iq= j.k/khj
dks HkkbZ&caV es a njs koj feyk FkkA blh
izdkj jko oSjly ds iq= tkxk;r dk s
HkkbZ&caV eas dsgjksj feyk FkkA jko
'ks[kk dsYg.kksr HkkVh ds oa'ktks a eas
lkjk {ks= caV x;k FkkA32 blds cnys eas ;s
HkkbZ vkSj iq= Hkh jkT; dh lsok djr s FksA
blds vfrfjDr vU; oa'kh; jktirw vkSj vU;
tkfr;ks a ds yksxks a dks Hkh 'kkldh; lsok
ds cnys es a tkxhjas nh tkrh Fkh] ijUrq rc
izk;% ;g lkjh dk;Zokgh ekSf[kd vkns'kks a
ls gh gksrh Fkh] ijUr q jko ekynos ds
'kkludky eas bl lkeUrh 'kklu laxBu esa
ifjorZu gksus yxk vkSj jkT; ds dsUnzh;
'kklu dk s vf/kd lcy cuku s ds iz;Ru gq;sA
;gh ugha jko ekynso ds le; es a tkxhjks a
ds iV~V s nus s dh ijEijk Hkh izkjEHk gks
x;h FkhA मारवाड़jkT; dh lSU; O;oLFkk %
iV~Vsnkjh izFkk
¼1532&1818 bZ-½
vkjfEHkd e/;dky es a lSU; iz.kkyh izkphu
i)fr ij gh laxfBr FkhA rdq kas Z ds vkØe.k
ds le; jkBkSM+ lsuk dh detksjh ,oa
fiNM+kiu Li"V fn[kkbZ nrs k gSA Hkkjr
eas eqxy lkezkT; ds LFkkiuk ds lkFk gh
jktirw kuk dh ijEijkxr lSU; O;oLFkk tks
lkeUrh; O;oLFkk ij iw.kZ :i ls fuHkZj Fkh]
esa vkeyw pwy ifjorZu gksus yxsA
eqxyks a dh eulcnkjh O;oLFkk u s
मारवाड़dh lSU; O;oLFkk dks izHkkfor fd;k
vkSj vko';drk vuqlkj mleas ifjorZu djds
mls vksj l'kDr cukus dh dkfs'k'k dh rFkk
lsuk eas lkeUrks a }kjk miyC/k djkbZ tku
s okyh lsuk ij Hkh fuHkZjrk de dh xbZA
eqxy lkekzT; ds vUrxZr eulcnkjh
O;oLFkk] tks lSU; O;oLFkk dk gh ,d :i
Fkk] eas eulcnkjks a dks osru] uxn ;k tkxhj
ds :i eas iznku fd;k tkrk FkkA eqxy eulcnkjh
O;oLFkk u s jkBkSM+ks a dh HkkbZ&oar
lSU; iz.kkyh dks izHkkfor fd;kA मारवाड़jkT;
'kfDr ij vk/kkfjr FkkA tk/s kiqj jkT; o lsuk ,d
nwlj s dh iwjd FkhA leLr मारवाड़ds lSU; laxBu
dks tkfr O;oLFkk u s izHkkfor fd;kA ftl izdkj
leLr मारवाड़jkT; fofHkUu bdkb;ks a eas
foHkDr Fkk] mlh izdkj jkT; dh lEiw.kZ lsuk
Hkh bdkb;ks a eas foHkDr FkhA izR;sd lSU;
bdkb;k¡ Bkdqjks a ds v/khu gqvk djrh Fkh]
tks viuh lsuk ds lsukifr gksrs FksA jko ekynos
ds le; tSrk] dwaik] i`Fohjkt] uxk Hkkjeyksr blh
izdkj viuh tkxhjks a vkSj lsuk ds iz/kku
FksA33 Lo;a jktk ds vf/kdkj eas Hkh futh lsuk
jgrh Fkh] ij laHkor% jko ekynos ds le; og
vf/kd l'kDr ugh a jgh gksxh vkSj vf/kdka'k
lsuk Bkdqjks a dh lsuk dk ,d=hdj.k ek= gh jgk
gksxkA jkT; ij vkØe.k ds le; bl leLr lsuk dk
,d=hdj.k nks izdkj ls fd;k tkrk FkkA izFke
lgk;rk ds fy, Bkdqjks a dks vkefa=r djds] ij
blesa ;g vko';d ugha Fkk] fd vke=a .k ij lHkh
Bkdqj] jktk dh lgk;rk djsA jko ekynos u s viu
s 'kklu ds izkjfEHkd o"kksZa eas ekyk.kh]
flok.kk vkfn ds Bkdqjks a dks QkSt ds lkFk
pyus ds fy, vkefa=r fd;k Fkk] ij bUgksua s
mldk lkFk ugh a fn;kA bl dkj.k jko ekynso dk
s ckn es a bu LFkkuks a dk s vf/kd`r dj izR;{k
vius vf/kdkj es a ykuk iM+kA34 lqeys fxjh ds
;q) ds le; jko ekynos ds ikl 80]000 ohj ;kS)k
FksA tSrk o dwia k ljnkjks a ds ikl 12]000
?kqM+lokj FksA lsuk dks ,d= dju s dk nlw jk
lk/ku Fkk cyiwoZd Lor=a tkxhjks a dks
vf/kd`r dj mUgs a vko';drk ds le; lsuk nus s
ds fy, ck/; djukA jko ekynso us viu s le; esa
blh izdkj lHkh Lor=a tkxhjks]a tSls & eMs
+rk] flok.kk vkfn dk s vf/kd`r dj mUgs a lSfud
lgk;rk nsus dks ck/; fd;kA 'k=q }kjk jkT; ij
vkØe.k dju s ds le; jktk vius Bkdqjks a dh
vkSj Bkdqj] viu s xzke Bkdqjks a dh lHkk
cqykdj fopkj fd;k djr s FksA bl izdkj vkifÙk ds
le; lkj s jkT; dh lgefr y s yh tkrh FkhA35 jko
ekynos u s lkeUrks a ds lg;ksx ls ,d fo'kky
lkezkT; dh LFkkiuk dh FkhA mldh fot; ;k=k
eas pkaik o dwaik dk cM+k ;ksxnku jgk FkkA
tk/s kiqj ds 'kkld viu s lkeUrks a dks lnSo
izlUu j[kus dk iz;kl djr s FksA lkeUr jktk dh
'kfDr Fks] ijUrq 'kkld ds O;ogkj ls vizlUu gks
tkus ij os jkT; ds fy, ?kkrd Hkh fl) gksrs FksA
jko ekynos u s viu s dqN Lotkrh; lkeUrks a
dks ukjkt dj fn;kA mls mldk nq"ifj.kke
Hkqxrkuk iM+k vkSj 'ksj'kkg ds fo:) lqeys fxjh
ds ;q) eas ijkt; dk lkeuk djuk iM+kA36 jko
pUnzlsu ds 'kkludky eas Hkh lkeUrks a u
s मारवाड़dh jktuhfr es a lfØ; Hkkx fy;k FkkA
jko ekynos dh e`R;q ds i'pkr~ jko pUnzlsu
mÙkjkf/kdkjh cu]s tcfd jke vkSj mn;flag
cM+ s FksA jkT;klhu gksrs gh dqN lkeUr
muls ukjkt gks x;sA37 ljnkj tSreky tSlkor]
i`Fohjkt dwia kor] egs'k dwaikor vkfn u s
jko pUnzlsu ds Hkkb;ks a dks muds fo:)
mdlk;k] rc cM+ s Hkkb;ks a us viu s
vf/kdkj dks izkIr djus dk fu'p; fd;kA
मारवाड़ds lkeUr nks [kseks a eas c¡V x;sA
dqN lkeUr jko pUnzlsu ds lkFk Fks] rks
dqN us mlds fonzkgs h Hkkb;ks a dk lkFk
fn;kA bl x`gdyg ds dkj.k मारवाड़jkT; dh
'kfDr {kh.k gqbZ vkSj eqxyks a dks
मारवाड़eas gLr{ksi djus dk volj izkIr gqvkA
jko pUnzlsu dh lsuk u s jke o jk;ey dks
ijkftr dj Hkxk fn;kA pUnzlsu vkSj mn;flag
ds e/; ^^ykSgkoV dk ;q)** gqvk] ftlesa
nksuks a rjQ ls vusd ;ks)k ekjs x;sA38jko
pUnzlsu fot;h gqvkA mn;flag dh vksj ls
jkBkSM+ tkxs k lknkor ekaM.kksr]
jkBkSM+ bZljnkl] vejkor eaMyk] jkBkSM+
ghaxksyk] urs kor irk] jkBkSM+ dY;k.knkl
eglksr] HkkVh oSjhlky lkadsjkr] HkkVh
t;ey] fryksdlh ijcrksr] eksdy xaxknklksr
xkxfj;k jkBkSM+] [khaojkt vkieyksr vkfn
ekjs x;sA jko pUnzlsu dh vksj ls vjM+dey
pMwa kor dk ikS= jkBkSM+ y{e.kHkheksr
ekjk x;kA39 pkank eMs +fr;k jko pUnzlsu
dh vksj FkkAekuflag lksuxjk] j.klh Bkdqj
ekaM.k th pkaikor] tSreky th tSlkor] jkoy
e?s kjkt vkfn izHkko'kkyh ljnkjks a us bl ;q)
esa jko pUnz lsu dh enn dh FkhA40
vf/kdk'a k eMs +fr;k ljnkj jko pUnz lsu ds
fojks/kh Fks] blds vfrfjDr dwaikor] pkaikor]
Ånkor vkfn Hkh iw.kZ :i ls mlds lg;ksxh
ugha jgsA jko pUnz lsu ds lkeUr Hkh mlds
nqO;Zogkj ls vizlUu Fks] vr% mls eqxy
lsuk ls ijkftr gksdj मारवाड़ls Hkkxuk iM+k o
eqxy lsuk dk मारवाड़ij vf/kdkj gks x;kA vr%
eqxy 'kkldks a ds lEidZ esa vku s ls iwoZ
jktk o lkeUrks a ds e/; vf/kdkjh ,oa lsod dk
laca/k ugha FkkA jktk] tkxhjnkjks a ls Å¡pk
ugh a le>k tkrk Fkk] cfYd jktk o lkeUr eas
ijLij lekurk dk laca/k FkkA vr%
dHkh&dHkh jktk dks fucZy n[s kdj mldh
mis{kk Hkh dj ldr sFks] yfsdu tc मारवाड़ds
'kkld eqxy 'kklu i)fr ¼eulcnkjh
O;oLFkk½ ds izHkko es a vk,] rc 'kkld ,oa
lkeUr nksuks a gh eqxy ckn'kkg ds v/khu
dk;Z dju s yxs vkSj jktk&lkeUr eas lketa
L; VVw us yxkA ekjokM+ dk j{kd rks Lo;a
eqxy ckn'kkg cu x;k] ijUr q ekjokM+ dh lsuk
dk <k¡pk eqxy dky eas lkeUrks a ij gh fuHkZj
FkkA ;g fLFkfr 18oha 'krkCnh ds e/; rd cuh
jghA मारवाड़dh lsuk ,d rjQ ls fofHkUu lkeUrks
a dh lsuk eas caVh gqbZ Fkh] ;q) ds volj ij
gh lkeUr }kjk mUgs a ,df=r fd;k tkrk FkkA
eqxy lEidZ eas vku s ds i'pkr~ मारवाड़jkT; eas
HkkbZ&oar O;oLFkk dh txg ^^iV~Vsnkjh
O;oLFkk** dh 'kq:vkr gqbZA loZizFke eksVk
jktk mn;flag u s oa'kkuqxr :i ls nh xbZ tkxhjks
a ls ^^is'kd'kh** ¼is'kd'k½ uked dj Hkh fy;k
tkrk FkkA is'kd'kh og dj gksrk Fkk tks fdlh
tkxhjnkj ds iq= dks tkxhjnkj dh e`R;q ds i'pkr
~ u;s mÙkjkf/kdkjh dk s utjku s ds :i es a nus
k iM+rk FkkA ;g dj loZizFke eksVk jktk
mn;flag }kjk मारवाड़ds lkeUrks a ij yxk;k x;kA
bl izdkj ;g ,d rjg ls ^^mÙkjkf/kdkjh dj** FkkA
;g dj ugha nus s ij e`r lkeUr ds mÙkjkf/kdkjh
ls tkxhj tCr dj yh tkrh FkhA lkekU;r% ;g tkxhj
dh okf"kZd vk; dk rhu pkSFkkbZ Hkkx gqvk
djrk Fkk] ijUrq lokbZ jktk 'kwjflag u s is'kd'kh
dh jde tkxhj dh ,d o"kZ dh vk; ds cjkcj dj nh
FkhA egkjktk vthrflag us jktjkts'oj dh mikf/k
izkIr dju s ds i'pkr~ bldk uke ifjofrZr dj
^^gqDeukek** dj fn;k42] yfsdu tc vthrflag
vO;Ld Fkk rc vkSjaxtsc u s मारवाड़ij vf/kdkj dj
mls [kkylk dj fn;k] fQj Hkh ekjokM+ dh iztk
vkSj lkeUr egkjktk dks vkfFkZd lg;ksx djrs
jgrs FksA vthr flag ds tk/s kiqj ij iqu% vf/kdkj
dj yus s ds i'pkr~ ;g jde ^^rkxhjkr** ds uke ls
gqDeukek ds lkFk olwy dh tku s yxh FkhA
egkjktk fot;flag ds le; ejkBks a ds minzoksa
dk s ncku s ds fy, vf/kd /ku dh vko';drk iM+h]
rc bl dj dh jde nksxquk dj nh xbZ FkhA
egkjktk Hkheflag ds nhoku fla?koh tks/kjkt u
s blds lkFk ^^eqrln~nh&[kpZ** uked ,d dj
vksj yxk;k FkkA ;fn tkxhjnkj dh fu%larku
e`R;q gks tkrh Fkh rks mldk nÙkd iq= Hkh
ml tkxhj dks izkIr dj ldrk Fkk] ijUrq mls lkekU;
ls vf/kd jkf'k ^^gqDeukek** ds :i es a nsuh
iM+rh FkhA43 eqxyks a ds lEidZ es a vku s
ds i'pkr~ jktk 'kwjflag u s tkxhjnkjks a ls mudh
tkxhj ds cnys ^^js[k**44 uked okf"kZd dj yus
k izkjEHk fd;kA bl izdkj ckn'kkg vdcj ds le;
eas gh ^^tkxhj** vkSj ^^js[k** 'kCnks a dk
izpyu gqvk Fkk] ftls मारवाड़ds 'kkldkas us Hkh
viuk;kA ;|fi ml le; j[s k dh jkf'k fuf'pr ugh a Fkh]
ifjfLFkfr;ks a ds vuqlkj blesa mrkj&p<+ko
vkrk jgrk FkkA j[s k dk fglkc j[ku s ds fy, bls
nks :iks a eas fy[kk tku s yxk & izFke
^^iV~Vk j[s k** o f}rh; ^^Hkjr js[k**A iV~Vk j[s
k tkxhj dh dqy okf"kZd vk; n'kkZrh Fkh vkSj
Hkjr j[s k mldk ,d Hkkx Fkk tks jktdks"k eas
tek gksrk FkkA45 tkxhjnkjks a dks viu s
'kkld ds v/khu jgdj ekjokM+ ds ckgj
eqxyks a ds fy, ;q) djuk iM+rk Fkk] vr%
tkxhjnkjks a ls fdlh vU; izdkj dk dj ugha
fy;k tkrk FkkA ;gk¡ ;g dguk gksxk fd ml le;
jktirw ljnkjks a dks tkxhjs a nus s dk eq[;
dkj.k ;gh Fkk fd os egkjktk ds lkFk izR;sd
;q) eas Lo;a Hkkx ysdj mldh lgk;rk djsA
fdlh tkxhjnkj }kjk jkt njckj es a jgdj fcuk
fdlh izdkj ds osru ds dh xbZ lsok dk s Hkh
LFkkuh; Hkk"kk esa ^^pkdjh** dgk tkrk
FkkA dqN izeq[k lkeUrks a dks pkdjh ls
eqfDr fey tkrh Fkh] ijUr q mUgs a fo'ks"k
voljks a ij njckj eas mifLFkr gksuk iM+rk
FkkA blds fy, jktk viu s lkeUrks a dks
[kkl&:Ddk Hkstdj njckj es a mifLFkr
gksus ds fy, vkeaf=r djrk FkkA fdlh Hkh
lkeUr dk s [kkl&:Ddk Hkstuk ,d fo'ks"k
lEeku lwpd ekuk tkrk FkkA ;fn bl izdkj dk
:Ddk feyu s ds i'pkr~ Hkh dksbZ lkeUr jkt
njckj eas mifLFkr ugha gksrk Fkk rks mls
jktnzksgh le>k tkrk Fkk] ftldk mls mfpr
n.M feyrk FkkA46 jko ekynos ds ngs kUr
¼1562 bZ-½ ds dqN le; ckn tk/s kiqj ij
eqxyks a dk vf/kiR; gks tku s ds QyLo:i
tk/s kiqj jkT; dk vfLrRo gh lekIr gks x;kA
;g fLFkfr yxHkx 20 o"kksZa rd cuh jghA
eksVk jktk mn;flag ¼1583&1595 bZ-½
dks मारवाड़fn;s tku s ij मारवाड़jkT; eas iqu%
jkBkSM+ lÙkk LFkkfir gqbZ] yfsdu eqxy
v/khurk es a eqxy 'kklu dh vf/kdk'a k
iz'kklfud o lSU; O;oLFkk tk/s kiqj jkT; eas
LFkkfir gks pqdh FkhA blh ds QyLo:i jko
tks/kk }kjk LFkkfir ^^HkkbZ&oar** ds
LFkku ij ^^iV~Vsnkjh O;oLFkk** izkjEHk
dh xbZA lkeUrks a vkSj vU; iz'kklfud
vf/kdkfj;ks a dk s jkT; dh lSfud ;k vlSfud
lsok ds cnys eas jkT; dh vksj ls fuf'pr vk;
dh tkxhj dk iV~Vk iznku fd;k tku s yxkA
iV~V s eas bl ckr dk Li"V :i ls o.kZu gksrk
Fkk fd fdru s ?kqM+lokj] 'kqrqj lokjks a ls
jkT; o jkT; ds ckgj pkdjh djuh gksxhA j[s
k ds vk/kkj ij ?kqM+lokj rFkk 'kqrqj lokj dk
fu/kkZj.k fd;k tkrk FkkA lkeUrks a dks jkT;
dh lSU; lsok ds cnys eas tkxhj dk iV~Vk
fn;k tkrk Fkk] ysfdu fdlh dkj.k fo'ks"k ij jkT;
dh lsok ds fcuk Hkh tkxhj ds iV~Vs fn, tkr
s FksA47 iV~Vsnkjh O;oLFkk u s lkeUr ds
vf/kdkj o fLFkfr dks gh cny fn;kA iqjkuh
lkeUrh; O;oLFkk ^^HkkbZ&oar** ;k
^^HkkbZ&caV** ij vk/kkfjr Fkh] mldh txg
lkeUrks a es a inlksiku dh Js.kh fu/kkZfjr
dh xbZA jkBkSM+ ljnkjks a us uohu
iV~Vns kjh O;oLFkk dk s lSU; lsok ds cnys
Lohdkj dj fy;kA iV~Vk nrs s le; ljnkj ds
dÙkZO; Hkh
fu/kkZfjr fd; s x;sA
bjQku gchc ds vuqlkj] tkxhj nks 'kCnks a t;
$ xhj dk la;qDr :i gS] ftldk 'kkfCnd vFkZ gS
jkT; }kjk iznÙk Hkwfe dk og Hkkx] ftlls
izkIrdrkZ ¼tkxhjnkj½ ml Hkw&{ks= ls jktLo
olwy dju s dk oS/kkfud vf/kdkjh gksrk gSA48
eqxydky eas ekjokM+ es a iV~Vsnkjh
O;oLFkk eas uxn osru nus s dh vis{kk tkxhj
ds :i eas osru nus s dk izpyu FkkA oLrqr%
tkxhj 'kCn eqxy izHkko dh nsu gSA tk/s kiqj
jkT; eas xk¡o iV~Vs es a nus s dk mYy[s k
feyrk gSA tkxhjnkjks a dks izkIr iV~Vs ds
xk¡o eq[;r% nks izdkj ds gksrs Fks & pkdjh
dk iV~Vk o
xSj pkdjh dk iV~VkA pkdjh dk iV~Vk ljnkjks
a dks lSU; lsok o iz'kklfud lsok ds cnys fn;k
tkrk Fkk] ;s vLFkk;h iV~Vs gksrs Fks] ftldk
lsokvks a ¼pkdjh½ ds lkFk laca/k gksrk
FkkA mls ^ru[okg+ tkxhj* Hkh dgr s FksA tc
rd iV~Vsnkj lsok es a jgrk Fkk] xk¡o iV~Vs ds
:i eas miHkksx djrk FkkA lsok ls gVrs gh
mldk xk¡o tCr dj fy;k tkrk FkkA49 lkekU; :i ls
tkxhjnkj dk s osru uxn ugh a fn;k tkrk Fkk]
mldk osru tkxhj ls izkIr gksus okyh
Hkw&jktLo ls lekfgr fd;k tkrk FkkA iV~Vk ge's
kk jktk }kjk osru ds cny s iznku fd;k tkrk FkkA
jkT; dh ge's kk dkfs'k'k jgrh Fkh fd iznÙk
iV~V s ls izkIr Hkw&jktLo o osru eas lekurk
gksA50 lkekU;r% osru dk fu/kkZj.k o iV~Vs
eas mYyfs[kr jde ,d leku gksuh pkfg,A
dHkh&dHkh iV~V s eas mYyfs[kr jkf'k o
fu/kkZfjr jkf'k xk¡o ls olwyh tku s okyh jkf'k de
gksrh Fkh] rks bldh {kfriwfrZ ds fy, iV~Vsnkj
dk s uxn jkf'k nh tkrh Fkh] mls ^^ryc jkf'k**
dgr s FksA ryc jkf'k ge's kk uxn nh tkrh Fkh]
tc rd vfrfjDr iV~Vk iV~Vsnkj dks ugh a fn;k
tkrk gksA iV~Vsnkj dks Hkw&jktLo de feyu s
ij vfrfjDr iV~Vk vkoafVr fd;k tkrk Fkk] tks ryc
jkf'k ds cjkcj gksrk FkkA izR;sd xk¡o ls izkIr
j[s k jkf'k] iV~V s eas fu/kkZfjr osru ds cjkcj
gksrh FkhA tc iV~Vk fu/kkZfjr ;k iznku fd;k
tkrk Fkk] rks mleas leLr lwpuk,¡ fyfic) dh tkrh
Fkh] rkfd iV~Vsnkj dk s j[s k pkdjh ds lkFk
vU; dÙkZO;ks a dk /;ku jgsA mldh ,d izfrfyfi
;k udy iV~Vsnkj dk s Hkh nh tkrh Fkh ;k
Hksth tkrh FkhA mleas iV~Vsnkj ds
dÙkZO;ks a o vf/kdkjks a dk fof/kiwoZd
mYy[s k gksrk FkkA51 iV~Vk fo'ks"k
ifjfLFkfr;ks a eas Hkh iznku fd;k tkrk FkkA
iV~Vns kj dks tk/s kiqj jkT; dh lhek ds vUnj o
jkT; ds ckgjh lhek ij lSU; lsok djuh iM+rh
FkhA iV~Vsnkj }kjk j[ks tku s okys inkih
lsuk] v'o lsuk] 'kqrqj lsuk] mldh osru o
Js.kh ij fuHkZj djrh FkhA eqagrk uS.klh jh
[;kr ds vuqlkj] 1000 #i;s dh j[s k ij
iV~Vsnkj dks ,d ?kqM+lokj j[kuk iM+rk
FkkA ;g j[s k c<+us ij mlh vuqikr eas
?kqM+lokjks a dh la[;k iV~Vsnkj }kjk
Lor% gh c<k+;h tkrh FkhA52 esM+rk ds
jkBkSM+ igkM+ flag ds iq= jruflag dk s
4000 #i;s dh js[k dk iV~Vk fn;k x;k Fkk]
mlh ds vuq:i mlus pkj ?kqM+lokjks a dh
O;oLFkk dj j[kh FkhA53 blh izdkj gsejkt ds
iq= izseflag pkSgku dks 2000 #i;s dk js[k
dk iV~Vk fn;k x;k rFkk mls ,d ?kqM+lokj
j[ku s dk vkn's k Hkh fn;k x;kA bl izdkj ds
fojks/kkHkkl m)j.kks a ls irk pyrk gS fd
izR;sd 1000 #i;s dh js[k ij ,d ?kqM+lokj
j[ku s dk fu;e dBksjrkiwoZd ykxw ugha
fd;k tkrk FkkA jkoy Hkkjey o jkoy egs'knkl
dks la;qDr :i ls 40]200 #i;s dh j[s k iznku
dh xbZ] rc nksuks a u s egkjktk dk vkHkkj
izdV dju s ds fy, 18]200 #i;s dh is'kd'kh
iznku dh rFkk nksuks a }kjk 25&25
?kqM+lokj Hkh HksVa fn;s x;sA nksuks a
u s fu;fer vkoruZ ls i;kZIr inkfi dh O;oLFkk
dhA ;g bl ckr dks bafxr djrk gS fd 40]200
j[s k ij tkxhjnkj dk s 50 v'olsuk dk s j[kuk
iM+rk FkkA vxj ?kqM+lokj lsuk o j[s k dh
jkf'k dk vuqikr fudkyk tk;s rks og yxHkx
1800 #i;s izfr ?kqM+lokj fu;r gksrh gSA tc
tkxhjnkj dks ?kqM+lokj o 'kqrqjlsuk j[ku s
dk vkn's k fn;k tkrk Fkk] rks mls 3500 #i;s
dh j[s k iznku dh tkrh FkhA54 lkekU;r%
1000 #i;s dh j[s k ij ,d ?kqM+lokj j[ku s dh
ijEijk FkhA mi;qZDr mnkgj.kks a ls irk
pyrk gS fd lkeUr dks fn;s tku s oky s
iV~Vs eas 1000 #i;s dh js[k ij ,d v'o lokj
j[kuk iM+rk FkkA vxj jktk iV~Vns kj dk s
vfrfjDr nkf;Ro fuoZgu ds fy, ugh a dgrk
rks ;g O;oLFkk dBksjrkiwoZd ikyu djokbZ
tkrh Fkh] ysfdu 'kkafrdky ;k ;q) dh vk'kadk
ugh a gksus ij iV~Vsnkj dh ifjfLFkfr n[s
kdj mles a Qsjcny Hkh fd;k tkrk FkkA ,d
vksj iV~Vsnkj dks jktk ds fy, ?kqM+lokj
j[ku s iM+rs Fks] lkFk gh mls 'kqrqj lsuk
o inkfi lsuk Hkh j[kuh iM+rh FkhA ledkyhu
miyC/k lk{;ks a ds vHkko es a ;g mYyfs[kr
djuk efq'dy gS fd ,d iV~Vsnkj 1000 #i;s
dh j[s k ij fdrus 'kqrqj lsuk o inkfi lsuk j[krk
FkkA ledkyhu [;krks a ls irk pyrk gS fd
v'olsuk] 'kqrqj lsuk] iSny lsuk j[kus ds fy,
iV~Vsnkj dks tk s j[s k dh jkf'k nh tkrh Fkh
og fuf'pr dh xbZ tSls & 1000 #i;s] 700 #i;s o
500 #i;s dh j[s k ij Øe'k% ,d v'o lSfud] ,d
'kqrqj lSfud o ,d inkfi lSfud j[kuk iM+rk FkkA55
lkeUr }kjk jktk dks fu/kkZfjr is'kd'kh dh jkf'k
nsus ij mls 'kqrqj o vU; i'kqvks a ds j[kj[kko
ls eqfDr fey tkrh FkhA मारवाड़dh iV~Vns kjh
O;oLFkk] eqxyks a dh eulcnkjh O;oLFkk dk
foLrkj :i Fkk] ftleas vkdfLed vkink ij gh
eulcnkj viuh Js.kh ds vuqlkj i'kqvks a dh
O;oLFkk djrk FkkA tc tkxhjnkj dk s iV~Vk fn;k
tkrk Fkk] rks mlls jktk vis{kk djrk Fkk fd og
,deq'r is'kd'kh iznku djsA ;g jktk ij fuHkZj djrk
Fkk fd is'kd'kh dh jde uxn y s ;k ?kksM+ks a
o Å¡V ds :i es a y s ;k nksuks a Hkh y s ldrk
FkkA56 jktk is'kd'kh ysus ds ckn gh lkeUr dks
iV~Vk iznku fd;k tkrk FkkA dbZ ckj lkeUr }kjk
is'kd'kh dh jde nsus eas njs h dju s ij iV~Vk
Hkh ckn eas gh fn;k tkrk Fkk] rkfd lkeUr
is'kd'kh n s ldsA57 iV~Vk nus s dk fooj.k o
is'kd'kh dk o.kZu cgh o foxr eas fy[kk tkrk
FkkA ;g dguk eqf'dy gS fd j[s k] iV~Vk o
is'kd'kh es a fdlh Hkh izdkj dk vUrj&lca a/k
FkkA dHkh&dHkh is'kd'kh] j[s k dh vk/kh
izLrqr dh tkrh Fkh] dHkh ;g jkf'k js[k ds cjkcj
gksrh FkhA bl izdkj ds mnkgj.k eqf'dy ls feyrs
gS fd is'kd'kh dh jkf'k] j[s k ls T;knk gksrh
gksA jktk dks nh tkuh okyh is'kd'kh dh jkf'k
lkeUr dh vk;] mitkÅ tehu o vU; vk; ds L=ksrks
a dks e/;utj j[kdj ekaxh tkrh FkhA iV~Vsnkj
dks viuh lsok,a ekjokM+ ¼n's k½ ds
lkFk&lkFk] ekjokM+ jkT; ds ckgj Hkh nsuh
iM+rh FkhA iV~Vk nsrs le; ;g 'krZ Li"V :i ls
mYyfs[kr dh tkrh Fkh fd iV~Vsnkj n's k ls ckgj
lSU; lsok nus s eas fdlh Hkh izdkj dh vkifÙk
ugha djsxkA58 ;s 'krZ blfy, j[kh xbZ Fkh rkfd
jkBkSM+ jktk] eqxy lkezkT; ds izfr dÙkZO;
dk fuoZgu dj ldsA मारवाड़dk egkjktk ljnkjks a
dks lSU; lsok ds fy, eqxy lsok ds fy, Hkstrk
Fkk] rkfd jktk mudh tkxhj ij Hkh fu;a=.k j[k
ldsA tc oru tkxhj ls ckgj iV~Vsnkj dks lSU;
lsok ds fy, Hkstk tkrk Fkk] rks iV~Vsnkj ds
osru eas vYidkyhu vko';drkuqlkj o`f) 59
dh tkrh FkhA bl vfrfjDr osru ds fy, iV~Vns kj
dks ,d vfrfjDr tkxhj ekjokM+ jkT; dh lhek ds
vUnj ;k ckgj vkoafVr dh tkrh Fkh] tgk¡ lkeUr
dh fu;qfDr gksrh FkhA vxj iV~Vsnkj dks jkT;
tkxhj nus s esa vleFkZ gS rks mls uxn osru
fn;k tkrk FkkA60 iV~Vns kj ds osru eas
vfHko`f) rc rd jgrh Fkh] tc rd iV~Vsnkj viuh
tkxhj ls ckgj tkdj jkT; dh lSU; lsok dj jgk gks]
yfsdu iV~Vsnkj ds okfil vius oru tkxhj esa
ykSVrs gh iqjkuh 'krsZa ykxw gks tkrh FkhA
oru tkxhj ls ckgj fn;k tkus okyk iV~Vk eulcnkj
ds :i eas vkoafVr fd;k tkrk Fkk] ftls eqxy
lezkV LFkkukUrfjr ;k jn~n dj ldrk FkkA
iV~Vns kj dks tk s Hkh nkf;Ro lkSaik tkrk
Fkk] og ljnkj dks iV~Vk nsrs le; fy[k fn;k
tkrk FkkA tc jkoy Hkkjey o jkoy egs'knkl
dks iV~Vk fn;k x;k rks mudks fgnk;r nh
xbZ dh] os vU; fdlh Hkh izdkj dh ^lkl.k*
¼/kkfeZd Hkwfe½ iznku ugh a dj ldrAs
blh izdkj fj.kNksM+ jkBkSM+ dk s tc
iV~Vk fn;k x;k] rc Hkh dgk x;k dh tkxhjnkj
jkT; dh vuqefr ds fcuk ^^lkl.k Hkwfe**
iznku ugh a djsA bl izdkj dh lwpuk
gqdwer&cgh eas ugha nh xbZ] bl cgh es
a iV~Vk ds fooj.k iwjs ugha gSA egkjktk
vthrflag ¼1707&1724 bZ-½ ds jktRodky
eas tc lkeUrks a dks iV~Vk fn;k tkrk Fkk]
rc lkeUrks a ds vf/kdkj Li"V :i ls mYyfs[kr
dj fn;s x;sA61 fdlh iV~Vs eas ^^?kklekjh
dj** dk Hkh mYy[s k fd;k tkrk FkkA
fd'kuflag ds iq= vfjflag jkBkSM+ dks 1667
bZ- eas ¼fo-la- 1724½ 16]000 #i;s dk
iV~Vk vkSjxa kckn eas fn;k x;k Fkk] rc
mls ?kklekjh dj yus s dk vf/kdkj Hkh fn;k
x;k FkkA62 iV~Vsnkj dks Hkw&jktLo
bdV~Bk dju s ds vfrfjDr ^^ekydj** dk
,df=dj.k] ?kklekjh dj rFkk vU; djks a dks
Hkh iV~Vs esa tksM+k tkrk FkkA
iV~Vsnkj dks viu s vUrxZr vku s oky s
xk¡o ds fj;k;k ¼fdlku½ ls dsoy Hkw&jktLo
olwyh dk vf/kdkj fn;k x;k Fkk] og Hkwfe
dk Lokeh ugh a gksrk FkkA Hkwfe ij
vf/kdkj fdlku dk gh jgrk Fkk] ftls fdlh Hkh
dky eas ifjofrZr ugha fd;k x;kA eqxy
v/khurk ds QyLo:i fdlku] Hkwfedj tkxhjnkj
dk s ugha nds j ^gkfde* dk s tek djokus
yxs] ;g ifjorZu eqxy vkf/kiR; ds ifj.kkeLo:i
nf`"Vxkspj gksus yxk FkkA gkfde]
iV~Vsnkj ij vadq'k j[krk Fkk vkSj og iV~Vs
xk¡o eas gLr{ksi Hkh dju s yx x;k FkkA
eqxy izHkko dh otg ls jkBkSM+ks a es a
iV~Vk gLrkUrfjr Hkh fd;k tku s yxk Fkk]
mls ^^Qsj&cny&jk&iV~Vk** dgk tkrk
FkkA63 bl izdkj ds iV~Vs eas jkf'k ,d leku
gh gksrh Fkh] ysfdu vf/kdkjks a eas
ifjorZu gks tkrk FkkA jkBkSM+ Hkxokunkl
lqUnjnlksr ds ikl ^Fkkse xk¡o* dk iV~Vk]
ftldh j[s k 6800 #i;s Fkh] 1662 bZ- es a
mls Fkkse xk¡o dh txg cgnokl xk¡o iV~Vs
ds :i es a vkoafVr fd;k x;k Fkk] yfsdu 1675
bZ- eas Fkkse xk¡o o vU; xk¡oks a dks
[kkylk dj fn;k x;kA jkBkSM+ Hkxokunkl dk
s mldh txg मारवाड़ijxu s es a ^^VIik dkMs
suk** ftleas 23 xk¡o 'kkfey Fks] iznku
fd;sA lkeUr dk iV~Vk rHkh gLrkUrfjr ;k [kkylk
fd;k tkrk Fkk] tc lkeUr }kjk fdlh Hkh izdkj dh
xyrh ;k pwd dh gksA dbZ ckj lsok,a vftZr ugh
a dju s vFkok fdlh izdkj dk vijk/k djus ij Hkh
iV~Vk tCr dj fn;k tkrk Fkk] tSls fo-la- 1817
eas egkflag tSrkor dks jos fM+;k xk¡o feyk]
ijUrq pkdjh ugh a dju s ij fo-la- 1820 eas
mn;flag pkaikor ds uke iV~Vk fy[k fn;k x;k
FkkA64 jkBkSM+ lqtk.kflag ds iq= pq=Hkqt
dk s lkstr dk ^^iaouMh ykyk** xk¡o feyk Fkk]
mlu s viu s xk¡o ds pkS/kjh dh gR;k dj nh]
vr% fo-la- 1718 eas iV~Vk rkxhj dj fn;k x;kA
blh izdkj jkBkSM+ Hkkstjkt u s viu s Msjs es
a pksjksa dks j[kk] vr% fo-la- 1724 eas mlds
65 iV~Vs ds
xk¡o [kkylk dj fn;k x,sA Mqaxjksr dsljhflag ds
iq= gjukFk dk fo-la- 1723 eas Åukyq
¼[kjhQ½ dh Qly ds le; ls 1500 #i;s dk iV~Vk
fn;k x;k FkkA fo-la- 1727 eas tc og lkFky.ks
ds Fkkus ij fu;qDr Fkk] rc iBku gqlSu [kk¡ ds
;gk¡ pksjh gks xbZ] rc og xk¡o [kkylk dj fn;k
x;kA tc mlu s ^^rdlhj** ¼vijk/k½ ds cnys 400
#i;s fn, rc fo-la- 1728 eas mldk xk¡o ^^cjdjkj**
dj fn;k x;kA jkT; fojks/kh xfrfof/k;ks a ds dkj.k
Hkh iV~Vk tCr dj fn;k tkrk Fkk] ftls
^^xSj&pkdjh** ;k ^^xSj&cUnxh** dgk tkrk
FkkA daVkfy;k ds jkBkSM+ izrkiflag }kjk
fonzksg dju s ij egkjktk vthrflag u s mldk
iV~Vk tCr dj gfjflag ds iq= :iflag ds uke dj
fn;kA66 fdlh iV~Vsnkj ds lsok eas jgrs gq,
mlds iV~Vs dk xk¡o [kkylk dj fn;k tkrk vFkok
fdlh nwlj s dks vkoafVr dj fn;k tkrk vkSj rRdky
mls dksbZ nlw jk iV~Vk ugha feyrk Fkk] rks
ml vof/k eas mls jksdM+ #i;s feyrs FksA
lkaoynkl mnkor dk s 8500 #i;s j[s k ds xk¡o
izkIr FksA fo-la- 1718 eas ^rkxhj* dj uxn #i;s
nus s dk izko/kku j[kk] 5000 #i;s dk iV~Vk nus
s ij 3500 #i;s dh ^ryc* jgh vFkkZr~ mDr jkf'k
ds xk¡o vkoafVr djus vFkok uxn #i;s 'ks"k jgsA
blh izdkj Hkxokunkl mnkor dks 4000 #i;s ds
xk¡o izkIr FksA fo-la- 1719 eas 67 rkxhj* dju s
ij uxn #i;s fn, tku s yxsA iV~Vsnkjks a dks fn,
tku s okys iV~Vks a ea s dbZ izdkj dh lwpuk,¡
,oa 'krZs fy[kh gksrh Fkh] tSls iV~Vs dk xk¡o
fdl O;fDr ls rkxhj dj fn;k vFkok [kkylk eas ls
vkoafVr fd;k] jch ¼fl;kyq½ ;k [kjhQ ¼Åukyq½
dh Qly ls fn;k] fdru s ?kksM+ks a dh pkdjh
djuh iM+xs h vkfn lHkh 'kras Z iV~Vs eas
vafdr dh tkrh FkhA mnkgj.kkFkZ & dhjrflag
jkBkSM+ dks fo-la- 1766 dkfrZd onh 12 tk/s
kiqj eas 325 #i;s j[s k dk xk¡o fl/kiqjk] lkstr ijxu
s dk iV~Vk vkoafVr fd;k x;kA ;g xk¡o fo-la-
1765 ls [kkylk eas Fkk] blfy, fo-la- 1766 eas
[kjhQ dh Qly ls iV~Vk fn;k vkSj ,d ?kksM+
s dh pkdjh nhA68
iV~Vk i)fr dk v/;;u djus ls irk pyrk gS fd
eqxyks a dh eulcnkjh O;oLFkk ds leku
lkeUr dk iV~Vk rhu ;k pkj lky eas ugha
cnyk tkrk FkkA izkjEHk eas iV~Vsnkj dks
iV~Vk lkeUr dks thoui;ZUr ;k mldh eR` ;q
rd iznku fd;k tkrk FkkA eulcnkj ds leku os
vfuf'prrk ls njw jgr s Fks] D;ksfad mUgs a
dHkh Hkh tkxhj ls oafpr ugh a fd;k tk ldrk
Fkk] yfsdu eqxy izHkko ls lkeUr dh e`R;q
ds mijkUr egkjkt dh bZPNk ij fuHkZj djrk
Fkk fd iV~Vk mlds iq= ;k mÙkjkf/kdkjh dk
s iznku djs a ;k ughaA iV~Vk iznku djr s
le; ;g t:jh ugha Fkk fd mlds iwoZtks a }kjk
iznÙk jkf'k dh ek=k mruh gh gksxh ;k
c<k+dj iznku dh tk;sxhA lkeUr dh gSfl;r ;k
in dk s n[s kdj iV~Vs dh ^^js[k** r; dh tkrh
Fkh] ;g de ;k T;knk gks ldrh FkhA
fofHkUu ijxuks a eas iV~Vs dh jkf'k
vyx&vyx gksrh FkhA vthrflag ds le; iV~Vk
vuqokaf'kd ugh a gksrs Fks] mUgsa
dHkh Hkh [kkylk ;k LFkkukUrfjr fd;k tk
ldrk FkkA ekjokM+ eas lkeUrks a dks
tkxhj ds :i eas xk¡o] ,d gh VIis ;k ijxu s es
a ugh a fn;s tkr s Fks] dHkh&dHkh ;s xk¡o
izdh.kZ :i ls VIis ;k ijxuks a eas fn;k tkrk
FkkA69 mnkgj.kkFkZ ds :i eas i`Fohjkt
jkBkSM+ dks 12]400 #i;s dh j[s k dk
ekjokM+ es a iV~Vk fn;k x;k] ftleas ls
5000 #i;s js[k ds pkj xk¡o मारवाड़ijxu s eas]
7400 #i;s j[s k ds pkj xk¡o eMs +rk ijxu s
eas vkoafVr fd;s x;sA dqia kor fot;flag dks
fola- 1714 eas j[s k 25]000 #i;s dk iV~Vk
feyk Fkk] ftleas 13]000 #i;s ds 4 xk¡o
ijxuk lkstr eas] 7000 #i;s ds 2 xk¡o ijxuk
tSrkj.k eas fn;s vkSj 5000 #i;s ds 2 xk¡o
o/kkjk eas jksgrd ds feys FksA bl izdkj ds
dbZ mnkgj.k feyr s gSaA bl rjg dh
O;oLFkk 'kfDr larqyu ds fy, o lkeUrks a ij
fu;a=.k j[ku s ds fy, viukbZ xbZ FkhA
lkeUrks a dks viu s iV~Vs eas vkarfjr
Lor=a rk iwoZ eas izpfyr HkkbZ&oar i)fr
ds vk/kkj ij feyrh jgh vkSj mUgs a vuoq
kaf'kd :i ls iV~V s ih<+h&nj&ih<h+ feyr s
jgsA iV~Vsnkjh O;oLFkk dh lcls
egÙoiw.kZ fo'ks"krk mldk gLrkUrj.kh;rk
FkhA fdlh iV~Vs ds xk¡o dks ^fBdku*s dk
Lo:i iznku dju s es a ih<+h&nj&ih<h+
tkxhjnkj dk s la?k"kZ djuk iM+rk Fkk] tSls
cxM+h dk fBdkuk jko tks/kk dh vksj ls
vius HkkbZ v[ksjkt dk s fn;k x;kA70 blds
i'pkr ~ Øe'k% iapki.k vkSj tSrk
mÙkjkf/kdkjh gq,] 1544 bZ- eas lqesyfxjh ds
;q) es a tSrk ds izk.kksRlxZ ds ckn mlds iq=
i`Fohjkt ¼fo-la- 1602&1610½ ds iV~Vs es a
cxM+h fBdkuk jgkA blh izdkj i`Fohjkt ds eMs
+rk ;q) eas ekjs tkus ij mlds iq= iwj.key ¼fo-
la- 1610&1613½ ds iV~Vs eas cxM+h jghA
rRi'pkr~ i`Fohjkt ds vuqt nos hnkl }kjk ;q)
vfHk;kuks a eas fo'ks"k Hkwfedk fuHkkus ij
iV~Vk ¼fo-la- 1613&1618½ mlds uke dj
fn;kA blds ckn mlds iq= vkldj.k ¼fo-la-
1618&1639½ ds iV~Vs eas cxM+h jghA
vuUrj i`Fohjkt ds iq= ck?k ds uke iV~Vk ¼fo-
la- 1639&1644½ dj fn;k x;kA blds i'pkr~ iqu%
vkldj.k ¼fo-la- 1644&1650½ ds iV~Vs eas
cxM+h 71
lfEefyr dh xbZA blh izdkj izkjEHk eas cxM+h
dk fBdkuk ih<+h&nj&ih<h+ oa'kkuqxr ugh a
jgdj HkkbZ&Hkrhtkas dk s Hkh feyrk jgkA
iV~V s dk xk¡o oa'kkuqxr ugha jgdj fdlh vU;
O;fDr dk s Hkh fn;k tk ldrk Fkk] tSls fo-la-
1808 eas Qrgs flag tSrkor ds iq= lqjrka.k dks
/koyjk xk¡o ¼3000 j[s k esa½ vkSj ekMiqjk
xk¡o ¼500 #i;s j[s k½ dk iV~Vk fn;k x;kA
ekMiqjk fola- 1809 es a rkxhj ¼okil yus k½
djds] lkaoynkl dPNokgk ds iq= tlk ds uke fn;k
x;kA fo-la- 1813 eas /koyjs k xk¡o lqjrka.k
tSrkor ds HkkbZ cSjh'kky dks vkoafVr fd;k
x;kA72 blds ckn fo-la- 1819 eas /koyjs k xk¡o
fgEerflag tSrkor ds iq= 'ksjflag ds uke fy[k
fn;k] ijUrq fo-la- 1820 eas mls iqu% cgky dj
cSjh'kky ds uke fd;k x;kA bl le; gqDeukek 400
#i;s 73
fuf'pr fd, x,A tkxhj eas o`f) Hkh dh tk ldrh Fkh]
bl o`f) dk s ^^o/kkjk** vFkok ^^bZtkQk** dgk
tkrk FkkA jkBkSM+ ldrk [ksrlh ds igy s j[s k fo-
la- 1727 eas 2000 #i;s Fkh] fQj 1000 #i;s j[s
k de dj nh] fQj 300 #i;s j[s k dk ^o/kkjk* fd;k]
ftlds fy, j<h;ks a ¼Qyksnh½ xk¡o fn;k x;kA
blds ckn iqu% 1000 #i;s j[s k dk o/kkjk gksus
ij uxn 1000 #i;s fn, x,A74 blh izdkj ÅgM+
Hkxokunkl ds ikl fo-la- 1719 eas 6800 #i;s j[s
k dk iV~Vk Fkk] ftles a 4300 #i;s dk ^bZtkQk*
fd;k x;kA75 dqN tkxhjnkjks a dks tks pkdjh dju
s eas vleFkZ ;k o`) gksus ij is'a ku Hkh nh tkrh
Fkh & pkaikor lwjtey dk s fo-la- 1718 eas
20]000 #i;s dk 76 iV~Vk ^^?kj cSBk uq fn;ks**
feykA ,d vksj tgk¡ tkxhj eas ,d ls vf/kd xk¡o
iznku fd, tkrs Fks] ogha nlw jh vksj dsoy vk/kk
xk¡o ;k xk¡o dk dqN fgLlk Hkh fn;k tkrk FkkA
;g lehdj.k tkxhjnkj dh ;ksX;rk ij fuHkZj djrk
FkkA egkjktk fot;flag ds le; fo-la- 1841 eas
vkbZnku jkBkSM+ dks ohjkokl dk vk/kk xk¡o
750 #i;s dh j[s k eas feykA77 fo-la- 1845 eas
'ksjflag jkBkSM+ dks xksMkaxMh dk
vk/kk xk¡o 1000 #i;s j[s k ij fn;k x;k FkkA78
iV~Vk/kkjh dh vYik;q gksus ij mls pkdjh ls
eqDr j[kk tkrk FkkA xksikynkl eMs +fr;k ftls
j[s k 50]000 #i;s dk iV~Vk feyk Fkk] mls
iz/kkuxh djus ds cnys eas ,d o"kZ ds 3300
#i;s vFkkZr~ 275 #i;s izfr ekg ls feyrs FksA
blh izdkj mlu s ^o/kkjk* eas feys xk¡o ds
cnys jksdM+ 7000 #i;s fy;s Fks] lkFk eas
iksdj.k thr ds bZuke Lo:i 40]000 #i;s dk
^o/kkjk* Hkh bls feyk FkkA79 vr% vf/kdkjh
viuh lsokvks a ds cnys uxn osru yus k
vf/kd ilan djr s FksA iV~Vk iz.kkyh eas ;g
O;oLFkk nf`"Vxkspj gksrh gS fd ,d
iV~Vsnkj ds ikl ;fn ,d ls vf/kd xk¡o gS vkSj
vxj dqN xk¡o dj eqDr dj fn, x, rks mlds vU;
xk¡o tCr dj fn;s tkr s Fks] ftlls mldh vk; eas
lketa L; cuk jgsA80 dHkh&dHkh nks
iV~Vsnkjks a dk iV~Vk la;qDr djds mudks
jktLo dk fgLlk cjkcj ck¡V fn;k tkrk FkkA
egspk jkoy Hkkjey txekyksr vkSj jkoy
egs'knkl irksr dks 40]200 #i;s dk iV~Vk
ck¡V fn;k FkkA81 xk¡o rkxhj gksus ij nSfud
osru] ftls ^^nhgkuxh** vFkok ^^jksthuk**
Hkh dgk tkrk Fkk] dk Hkh izko/kku FkkA
blh izdkj ds iV~Vs eas ;fn fdlh izdkj dh
NwV gksrh Fkh rks og ^^fj;k;rh iV~Vk**
dgykrk FkkA iV~Vs ekSf[kd :i ls Hkh fn, tkr
s Fks] tSls xk¡o dka.kk.kks dk iV~Vk fo-la-
1808 es a nqxkZnkl ds ikS= fj/kdj.k dk s
egkjktk ds gqDe ¼vkn's k½ ls feyk gqvk
Fkk] ijUrq bldk iV~Vk ugha fy[kk x;k
FkkA82 ^^HkkbZ&oar** O;oLFkk u s lHkh
tkxhjnkjks a dks viu s {ks=ks a esa
oa'kkuqxr vf/kdkj iznku dj fn;s FksA lHkh
jkBkSM+ ljnkj viu s {ks=ks a ¼LFkkuks½a
ds ek/;e ls vke yksxks a eas izfl) gq;s] tk s
muds iwoZtks a u s foftr fd; s FksA ;s lHkh
{ks= tgk¡ tkxhjnkjks a u s vius ifjokj ds fy,
LFkkbZ fuokl LFkku cuk;k] og {ks=
dkykUrj es a jkt/kkuh ds :i eas izfl) gq;sA
;s lHkh jkt/kkuh ;k xk¡o ^^fBdkuk** dgyk; s
vkSj buds Lokeh fBdkusnkjA83 iV~Vsnkjh
O;oLFkk us bu fBdkuns kjks a ds LFkk;h
LokfeRo dks udkj fn;kA bu fBdkusnkjks a
dh jkt/kkuh ¼uxj½ ;k xk¡o tgk¡ budk ifjokj
iwoZtks a ls fuokl djrk vk;k Fkk] mudk s
NksM+dj lHkh xk¡oks a dks LFkkukUrfjr
dju s dk vf/kdkj iV~Vsnkjh O;oLFkk ls izkIr
gks x;k FkkA jktk tloarflag ds le;
xksfoUnnkl HkkVh ds iq= i`Fohjkt HkkVh
dk s iz/kku cuk;k] rc mldks 40]000 #i;s j[s
k dk iV~Vk fn;k] lkFk eas yosjk fBdkuk
Hkh fn;k x;kA84 yosjk fBdkuk jko ekynos ds
le; vkuUn HkkVh ds iq= fuca k HkkVh ds ikl
Fkk vkSj mlu s viu s ifjokj dk LFkkbZ fuokl bls
cuk;k FkkA fuca k dh eR` ;qijkar yosjk fBdkuk
muds oa'ktks a dks feyrk jgkA jktk mn;flag ds
le; eas yosjk fBdkuk xksfoUnnkl dks feyk
¼fo-la- 1640½] tk s jktk 'kwjflag rd pyrk jgkA
egkjktk tloarflag ds dky eas xksfoUnnkl dh
e`R;q ¼fo-la- 1677 bZ-½ mijkUr yosjk fBdkuk
mlds NksVs iq= i`Fohjkt HkkVh dk s iV~Vs ds
:i eas fn;k x;kA85 yosjk fBdkuk bl ifjokj ds ikl
jgk] yfsdu T;"sBkf/kdkj dk fu;e ;gk¡ ykxw ugh
a gqvkA yosjk fBdku s dks vuoq kaf'kd :i ls bl
ifjokj dk ekuk x;kA fBdku s dk s ge's kk lkeUr
ds osru ds cnys fn;k tkrk FkkA blh izdkj dk ,d
vU; mnkgj.k lqjrku HkkVh ds lanHkZ eas
feyrk gSA lqjrku HkkVh tks ekuk HkkVh dk
iq= Fkk egkjktk mn;flag u s dsyok fBdkuk
tkxhj ds :i eas fn;kA egkjktk xtflag u s lqjrku
HkkVh ds iq= jkepUnz HkkVh dks dsyok
fBdkuk tkxhj ds :i eas fn;kA egkjktk tloarflag
ds le; jktflag dqia kor dk s vklksik fBdkuk o
egs'knkl pkaikor dks vkmok fBdkuk oa'kkuqxr
mÙkjkf/kdkj es a feysA tkxhjnkjks a ds
fBdkuks a ds vfrfjDr iV~Vsnkjh O;oLFkk eas
muds xk¡o gLrkUrfjr fd; s tkr s FksA tc rd
fBdkuns kj jkT; dh lSU; lsok djr s jgsaxs] rc rd
fBdkuks a ij ls muds vf/kdkj dk;e jgsA86
jkBkSM+ jktkvks a }kjk jkBkSM+ ljnkjks a o
jktirw ljnkjks a dks muds fBdku s iznku djr s
jgsA jktk ds ikl ;g vf/kdkj vo'; vk x;k Fkk fd
fBdkuns kj dh eR` ;qijkar mlds fdlh Hkh
mÙkjkf/kdkjh dks iV~Vk n s ldrk FkkA ;g Li"V
gS fd tc rd fBdkuks a u s jktk dh lSU; lsok dh]
muds iV~Vs tkjh gksrs jgs] jkT; us dHkh Hkh
gLrxr ugha fd;As
[;kr v/;;u ls irk pyrk gS fd jkBkSM+ ljnkjks a
dks fBdkuks a ds vfrfjDr xk¡o iV~Vs eas vyx
ls fn, tkr s FksA ;s fBdku]s fBdkuns kj dk s
mudh ljkguh; dk;Z ds fy, jkT; }kjk fn;s tkr s
FksA ftu lkeUrks a dks catj Hkwfe ¼futZu
{ks=½ jkT; }kjk blfy, nh tkrh Fkh] rkfd Hkfo";
eas lkeUr ogk¡ tula[;k clk lds] lkeUr blds fy,
iM+kslh ijxuks a o jkT;ks a ls d`"kdkas dks
vkefa=r djrk Fkk rFkk ogk¡ mUgs a clkdj dbZ
izdkj ds djks eas NwV nsrk FkkA bl izdkj ds
fBdkuks a eas lkeUr dsoy jktk dk s ,d fuf'pr
jkf'k nrs s Fks] bl izdkj iV~Vsnkj Hkh fuf'pr
jkf'k gh nrs s FksA jkBkSM+ vtcflag dwaikor
dk s lkstr ijxu s eas ^^vtcckjkxqM+k** fBdkus
es a fn;k x;k] tk s vU; jkT; ds fBdkusnkj ds ikl
FkkA vtcflag u s iV~Vsnkj ds :i eas 40 #i;s
okf"kZd js[k nus k Lohdkj fd;kA jkBkSM+
fgEer flag jktkor dk s lkaHkj ijxu s eas
^xqM~Mks*a fBdkuk fn;k rks] mlu s jkT;
dsk 380 #i;s j[s k dh okf"kZd jkf'k nsuk
fuf'pr fd;kA bl izdkj okf"kZd lesfdr jkf'k
fBdkusnkj jkT; dks nrs s Fks] mls
^^Hkqxr&Hkksx** dgk tkrk FkkA87bl izdkj
;g rks fu;r gS fd lkeUr dk s iVV~ k nrs s le;
j[s k dks fuf'pr vo'; fd;k tkrk FkkA og xk¡o
ds lalk/kuks a ij fuHkZj djrk FkkA fBdkuk
ds vykok Hkh jkT;] lkeUr dks xk¡o nrs s
Fks] tks muds Hkkse dk fgLlk gksrs FksA
ekjokM+ eas Hkksfe;ks a dk s jkT; dh vksj
ls iV~Vk ugha feyrk Fkk] cfYd os viu s
ckgqcy ls Hkwfe gLrxr dj mldk fodkl djr s
FksA tk/s kiqj dh LFkkiuk ls iwoZ jkoy
eYyhukFk ds oa'kt egspk dk egsok {ks=
vkSj tSreky ds oa'kt tSrekyksr ds xqM+k
vkSj uxj fBdku s rFkk lkapkSj ds
pkSgkuks a ds fBdku s fpryokuk] lwjkpUn
vkfn ds fBdkuns kj jkT; dks j[s k ugh a nrs
s Fks] cfYd os ^^QkStcy** vFkok
^^f[kpM+h ykx** dj gh nrs s FksA buls
gqDeukek Hkh ugha fy;k tkrk FkkA
jkBkSM+ j.key ds iq= gsejkt dks 1710 bZ-
eas eMs +rk ijxu s ds rysM+k xk¡o eas
500 ch?kk tehu ds :i eas feyh] og dsoy 37-
44 #i;s 88
¼37@7 #i;s½ ^Hkkse ckc* ds :i eas nrs k
FkkA ,d vU; lkeUr dk s ikyh ijxu s eas
ycM+ks a xk¡o eas11 ch?kk tehu]
3
9 #i;s okf"kZd dj ds cnys ^Hkkse ckc* nh
xbZA ,d vU; lkeUr dks 440 ch?kk tehu
dsoy 139-69 #i;s okf"kZd jkf'k ds cnys
^Hkkse&ckc* tehu nh xbZA bl izdkj mDr
m)j.kks a ls Li"V gS fd Hkkse&ckc ds :i
eas nh tkus okyh tehus a Li"V :i ls
ifjHkkf"kr gksrh FkhA bl dk;Z ds fy,
LFkkuh; ljdkjh deZpkfj;ks a }kjk
Hkkse&ckc dh tehu dk lhekadu o eYw
;kadu djr s FksA iV~Vsnkj o Hkw&jktLo
vf/kdkjh tSls iVokjh] dkjdwu] lkeUr ds fy,
LokHkkfod :i ls fpfUrr jgrs Fks] fd muds
vf/kdkj lhfer gh jgs rFkk os vU; {ks=ks a ij
vf/kdkj ;k vfrØe.k rks ugh a dj jgsA Hkkse
tkxhj dh Lohd`fr jkT; }kjk rHkh nh tkrh Fkh]
tc Hkksfe;k lkeUr jkT; dk s fu;r jkf'k dk
Hkqxrku djs] tks Hkkse&ckc ds :i es a tkuh
tkrh FkhA ekjokM+ jkT; es a Hkkse&ckc
jkf'k es a vUrj ;g n'kkZrk gS fd] blds fy,
dksbZ ijEijkxr :i ls fu;r vkn'kZ dk iSekuk
LFkkfir ugh a gks ldk FkkA blh izdkj
iV~Vsnkjh O;oLFkk eas djks a eas fHkUurk
FkhA ftu {ks=ks a eas flapkbZ dh lqfo/kk
miyC/k Fkh] ogk¡ vflafpr {ks=ks a dh vis{kk j[s
k T;knk fy;k tkrk FkkA89 ftu futZu {ks=ks a dk
s Hkksfe;ks a u s vkckn fd;k Fkk] ogk¡ Hkh dj
dh jkf'k dkQh de gksrh Fkh] dHkh&dHkh
Hkksfe;k dk s Hkkse&ckc ls iw.kZr% eqDr dj
fn;k tkrk Fkk] ;g rHkh laHko gksrk Fkk tc
Hkksfe;k Lo;a ds lalk/kuks a ls futZu {ks=ks a
dks vkckn fd;k gksA if'peh jktiwrkuk dk ;g {ks=
^Hkksfepkjk* dgykrk FkkA budk vf/kdkj
oa'kkuqxr gh jgkA tkxhj ge's kk T;"sB iq= dks
gLrkUrfjr gksrh Fkh vkSj dfu"B Hkkb;ks a dks
thfodk ds fy, dqN {ks= feyrk Fkk] tcfd
Hkksfepkjk ¼ciksrh½ lHkh iq=ks a eas leku :i
ls foHkkftr gksrk FkkA90 Hkkse&ckc dh jkf'k
dk fu/kkZj.k HkkSxksfyd ifjfLFkfr;ks a o
vkfFkZd lalk/kuks a ij fuHkZj djrk Fkk] bl izdkj
lHkh Hkkse&ckc Hkwfe dks fuf'pr fj;k;r izkIr
FkhA lko/kkuh ls v/;;u dju s ls irk pyrk gS fd
fBdkuk o Hkkse ds Lo:i dh Lohd`fr o vf/kdkj ,d
leku FksA blh ds leku :i dk vuqnku jkT; }kjk
fn;k tkrk Fkk] tks fofHkUu djks a ls eqDr Fkk]
og ^^eq.MdVh** dgykrk FkkA ;g jkT; dh
fo'ks"k lsok ds QyLo:i bZuke ds :i eas iznku
fd;k tkrk Fkk] ;s Hkh ,d izdkj dh ekQh Hkwfe
FkhA mi;qZDr Hkwfe;ks a ij oa'kkuqxr vf/kdkj
gksrs Fks vkSj jkT; muds vkUrfjd ekeyksa
eas gLr{ksi ugha djrk Fkk] tc rd jkT; muls
larq"V jgrk FkkA91 fBdkuns kj o Hkkse ckc
nksuks a viu s {ks=ks a esa MdSrh o vU; tqeZ
dks jksdu s dk dk;Z rFkk ;kf=;ks a dh lqj{kk dh
ftEesnkjh Hkh fuHkkrs FksA laxhu MdSrh
iM+us ij QkStnkj vkSj dHkh&dHkh Bkdqj Lo;a
lokjks a ds lkFk Mkdqvks a ds fo:) vfHk;ku es
a tkr s FksA मारवाड़jkT; eas bls ^^ckgj p<+uk**
dgr s FksA lkeUrks a dks
^^Hkfwe&pkjk&jk&xk¡o** Hkh fn;s tkr s Fks]
bl izdkj ds xk¡oks a dh LFkkiuk jkBkSM+
ljnkjks a ;k jktdqekjks a }kjk dh xbZ FkhA
dkykUrj eas muds mÙkjkf/kdkfj;ks a u s bu
xk¡oks a dks laHkkyk] ^^Hkwfe&pkjk** xk¡oks
a dks clku s dk dk;Z jkBkSM+ks a ds ekjokM+
eas vkxeu ds ckn gqvkA92 bl izdkj ds jktirw
ckn es a ^lhfjoh* ;k ^fljoh* jktirw dgyk;As lkstr]
tSrkj.k] lkapkSj ijxuks a ds vfHky[s kks a o
uS.klh dh [;kr eas ^^Hkwfe pkjk** xk¡oks a dk
mYy[s k feyrk gS] ftues a tula[;k dh clkoV
jktirw ks a }kjk dh xbZA bu xk¡oks a dh ^gkfly
jde* gh iV~Vsnkj }kjk pqdkbZ tkrh FkhA93
lkstr ijxu s ds ykMiqjk xk¡o ds fljoh jktirw ]
cxM+h ds iV~Vsnkj dks dsoy 60 #i;s okf"kZd
dj pqdkrk FkkA txeky ekykor ds ikS= dks 30
xk¡o] ^Hkwfe&pkjk* ds :i es a fn;s x;s
¼iksdj.k½A94 iksdj.k ds jkBkSM+] tks
Hkksfe;k dgykrs Fks] mUgksua s dHkh
Hkh jkT; dh lSfud lsok ugh a dh] u fo'ks"k
yxku ;k dj fn;k o is'kd'kh] utjkuk Hkh
¼uyca/kh] lSU;dj½ ugha fn;kA jkT; }kjk
midkj dju s dk dkj.k ;g Fkk fd bl izdkj ds
xk¡oks a eas 'kklu djus oky s Hkksfe;k]
jkBkSM+ dqy ls lacaf/kr FksA ;s {ks= ;k
xk¡o ^tksj ryc* dgykrs FksA bu xk¡oks a ds
v/;;u ls irk pyrk gS fd Hkksfe;k ifjokj ds
yksx Lo;a d`f"k ¼[kqn&dk'rdkj½ djrs FksA
bu Hkksfe;ks a ds iwoZt gh izFke
mifuos'koknh Fks] blfy, ;gk¡ ls d`"kdks a ls
Hkw&jktLo izkIr djus rFkk vd`"; Hkwfe dk
s vkoaVu dju s dk vf/kdkj Hkh bUgha ds
ikl FkkA blh izdkj ds fo'ks"kkf/kdkj dk
miHkksx Hkhy] ejs o eh.kkvks a }kjk Hkh
fd;k tkrk Fkk] oks Hkh Hkksfe;k FksA lkstr
ijxu s eas 19 xk¡o ejs ks dks Hkkse tkxhj
ds :i eas vkoafVr fd; s x;sA ;s os yksx Fks
tk s jkBkSM+ks a ds vkxeu ds mijkUr
{ks=kf/kdkj ds fy, jkBkSM+ks a ls fujUrj
;q)ks a eas gkjdj] mudh ijkf/kurk Lohdkj dj
yhA bu ijkftr LFkkuh; tkfr;ks a dks ogk¡
cuk;s j[ku s ds fy, tk/s kiqj jktk }kjk mUgs
a ^Hkkse tkxhj* iznku dh xbZ vkSj mUgs
a ogh vf/kdkj iznku fd;s tks muds iwoZt
miHkksx dj jgs FksA ^^Hkkseh&pkjk**
xk¡o] Hkkse tehu ls fcYdqy vyx FkkA jktk
HkwriwoZ oa'ktks a dks igpku dj mUgs a
Hkkse vf/kdkj nrs k FkkA blesa jktk dsoy
mUgs a fuf'pr {ks=Qy dk xk¡o gh Hkkse
eas nsrk FkkA bl izdkj Li"V gS fd fBdkuk o
Hkkse ds vf/kdkj ,d leku fufgr Fks] tSls
nksuksa es a oa'kkuqxr i)fr FkhA nksuks
a eas lkeUr] jkT; dks ,deq'r jkf'k nrs s Fks]
yfsdu nksuksa eas dqN fHkUurk Hkh fufgr
Fkh] tSls fBdkuns kj dk s viu s d`f"k {ks=
dks foLrkj dju s dk vf/kdkj feyk gqvk Fkk]
blls d`f"k ;ksX; Hkwfe tks fBdkuks a ds
v/khu Fkh mldk foLrkj gqvk] nwljh rjQ
Hkkse tkxhj es a d`f"k ;ksX; Hkwfe dk s
foLrkfjr dju s dk vf/kdkj ugha FkkA bl izdkj
dh jhfr eas fBdkuk o Hkkse eas fdlh Hkh
izdkj ls u;s lkeUr dk mn~Hko ;k mRifÙk
ugh a gks ldrh FkhA bl O;oLFkk es a u;s
tkxhjnkj }kjk iqjkus fBdkunskjks a dks
izfrLFkkiu ugha fd;k tkrk Fkk] cfYd bu
fBdkuks a ds lnL;ksa }kjk Lo;a }kjk futh :fp
jktk ds izfr fn[kkbZ tkrh FkhA ;g vuqeku
yxkuk Hkh xyr gS fd iqjkus oa'kkuqxr
fBdkuns kjks a u s iV~Vsnkjh O;oLFkk
eas viu s iqjku s in&izfr"Bk] lSfud nkf;Roks a
dks [kks fn;s FksA ,d v/;;u ds eqrkfcd iqjku s
ljnkjks a tSls dqaikor] tks/kkor] pkaikor o eMs
+fr;k vkfn jkBkSM+ ge's kk मारवाड़jktuhfr o
lSU; O;oLFkk ds eq[;/kkjk eas jgs o iz'kklu ds
lHkh {ks=ks a dks izHkkfor djrs jgsA ;g
fujh{k.k fd;k x;k fd Hkkse ;k fBdkuk esa
lkekU;r% xk¡o] xk¡oks a o iV~Vks a dks 'kkfey
fd;k tkrk FkkA xk¡oks a es a tgk¡ fdlkuks a ds
dqy] oa'k] ifjokj ,d leku Fks mUgs a Hkkse
vf/kdkj Hkh ,d leku fn;s x;sA os ^[kqn&dk'r*
vf/kdkjks a dk iz;ksx djr s FksA os {ks= tgk¡
fdlku d`f"k eas O;Lr Fkk] ogk¡ Hkksfe;k ljnkj
eqf'dy ls gLr{ksi djr s FksA mls dsoy vius fgLls
¼gkfly½ ysus ls eryc gksrk FkkA bl izdkj dh
ifjfLFkfr;ks a eas tehu ij ekfydkuk gd Hkksfe;k
o fdlku ds e/; ijLij feys gq;s FksA bl izdkjds
dgha Hkh mn~/kj.k ugh a feyr s dh Hkksfe;k
us fdlh fdlku ls Hkwfe gLrxr fd;k gksA
Hkksfe;k ds ikl fo'kky catj Hkwfe Fkh] ftl ij
[ksrh ugh a gks jgh gks rks ogk¡ u;s fdlkuks a
dks Hkwfe vkoafVr dju s dk vf/kdkj Hkksfe;k
dk s dHkh Hkh ugha feykA bl izdkj ds vf/kdkj
ge's kk tk/s kiqj jktk ds ikl gh lqjf{kr jgsA dkbs
Z lkeUr ;q) {ks= eas yM+rk gqvk ohjxfr dk s
izkIr gksrk gS] rks muds ifjokj dks thou
fuokZg ds fy, iV~Vk feyrk Fkk] ftldk uke
^^thfodk** iV~Vk FkkA bl izdkj ds vuqnku eas
u rks dkbs Z lkeUrh lsok gksrh Fkh vkSj u gh
dksbZ dj nrs s Fks] ;s lHkh izdkj ds djks a ls
eqDr gksrk FkkA mlds iV~Vks a eas c<k+srjh
dsoy jktk }kjk mldh lsokvks a dk s n[s kdj gh
dh tkrh FkhA bl izdkj ds iV~Vs jkfu;ks a o jktk
ds laca/kh ¼jktoh½ dks Hkh nh tkrh FkhA95
dqN [;krks a eas bl ckr dk ladsr feyrk gS fd tc
iV~Vk fdlh vU; 'kk[kk vFkok vU; tkfr ds O;fDr
dks fn;k tkrk Fkk rks loZizFke mldks ^vey jh
fpV~Bh* ¼vf/kdkj dju s dk i=½ nh tkrh FkhA
vey dh fpV~Bh xk¡o ds pkS/kfj;ks a dks Hkh
nh tkrh Fkh] rkfd os u, iV~Vns kj dh lgk;rk dj
ldsAa96 tkxhjnkj dk mÙkjkf/kdkjh ;fn vYi vk;q
dk gksrk Fkk rc Hkh mls ^vey jh fpV~Bh*
Hksth tkrh FkhA97 vey jh fpV~Bh ,d vLFkkbZ
i= gksrk Fkk] ftls mlh fnu fujLr Hkh fd;k tk ldrk
FkkA98 bl izdkj u, iV~Vsnkj dks iV~Vk nsus ds
i'pkr~ ^vey jh fpV~Bh* nh tkrh FkhA mlds
mÙkjkf/kdkjh dks iV~Vk feyu s ij jktLo olwyh
dh Lohd`fr gsrq ^lun* i= Hkstk tkrk FkkA
egkjktk 'kwjflag ds 'kkludky eas jkT; dh
'kklu iz.kkyh iw.kZr;k eqxy 'kklu&O;oLFkk
ij vk/kkfjr gks xbZA mldk ea=h HkkVh
xksfoUnnkl 'kklu izca/k ,oa O;oLFkk eas
vR;Ur iVq Fkk vkSj mlus eqxy 'kklu
O;oLFkk dk v/;;u dj jkT; dh lSU;
O;oLFkk o 'kklu iz.kkyh dk s fQj ls
lqO;ofLFkr fd;kA bl ubZ O;oLFkk es a
jktk dks jkT; ds vU; tkxhjnkj ,oa
lkeUrks a ls Å¡pk fl) dju s dh dkfs'k'k
dh xbZA vU; jktirw jktkvks a ds ln`';
'kwjflag u s Hkh vius lkeUrks a ds lkFk
mlh rjg dk O;ogkj j[kuk pkgk] tSlk
eqxy 'kkld bu jktkvks a ds lkFk Lo;a
j[krk FkkA eqxy eulcnkjh O;oLFkk dk
egkjktk 'kwjflag ds le; eas gh lSU;
O;oLFkk eas vuqdj.k o vuq'kj.k fd;k
tkus yxk rFkk jktk tloar flag ds
'kkludky eas iV~Vsnkjh O;oLFkk]
eulcnkjh O;oLFkk ls iw.kZr% izHkkfor
gks pqdh FkhA jktk tloar flag ds
'kkludky es a मारवाड़jkT; dh 'kklu
iz.kkyh iwjh rjg eqxy 'kklu O;oLFkk ij
vk/kkfjr gks xbZ FkhA egkjktk 'kwj flag
ds le; lkeUrks a dk dqN Li"V oxhZdj.k
n[s ku s dks feyrk gSA xksfoUnnkl u
s jktk ds iwoZtkas ds oa'k ds yksxks
a dks mejko ¼lkeUr½ cuk;k vkSj
muds dqjc ¼lEeku½ fuf'pr fd,A
egkjktk fot;flag ¼1753&1793 bZ-½ ds
le; eas ifjfLFkfr;ks a eas ifjorZu vk;kA
vc lkeUrh; izHkko c<+us yxk Fkk vkSj
eqxyks a ds iru ds QyLo:i ejkBk
vkØe.k dk Hk; cuk jgrk Fkk] vr% mlus
Lo;a dh lsuk xfBr dh FkhA egkjktk fot;
flag dk izeq[k lkeUr nos hflag pkaikor
¼iksdj.k½ rks vfHkeku ds lkFk dgrk
Fkk fd ekjokM+ dk 'kklu ^mldh dVkjh
dh iM+ryh* esa jgrk gSA99 fo-la- 1813
¼1757 bZ-½ es a ekjokM+ eas vdky
iM+k vkSj nlw jh vksj ejkBk [kkukth
tk/ko ekjokM+ jkT; eas minzo dj jgk
Fkk] ijUrq egkjktk fot;flag vius lkeUrks
a ds vlg;ksx ds dkj.k dqN Hkh dju s
esa vleFkZ FkkA vr% egkjktk fot;flag
u s vius /kk;HkkbZ txUukFk ds lg;ksx
ls ,d oSrfud lsuk dk 100
fuekZ.k fd;kA bl izdkj ejkBk o fiaMkjh
vkØe.k ds Hk; ds dkj.k ,d QkSt dk fuekZ.k
gqvk] ftldh la[;k 12000 Fkh] ftlesa ls 4000
tkxhj lSfud Fks] tks ;q) ds le; gh cqyk, tkrs
Fks vkSj vU; osruHkksxh lSfud FksA bues
a eq[;r% ?kqM+lokj vkSj canqdph gksrs
FksA101 bl izdkj मारवाड़jkT; eas lSU; i)fr dk
lw=ikr gqvkA blls
LFkkuh; lkeUrks a dk egÙo ?kVus yxk]
mUgksua s bl lsuk dk fojks/k fd;k fdUrq
egkjktk fot;flag u s Bkdqj nos hflag iksdj.k]
dsljhflag jkl] N=flag vklksi vkfn dks volj ikdj
bUgha osruHkksxh lSfudks a dh lgk;rk ls
nqxZ eas canh cuk fy;kA ijUrq bldk vFkZ ;g
ugha gS fd 'kkld dh viu s lkeUrks a ij lSfud
fuHkZjrk lekIr gks xbZ FkhA bl LFkk;h lsuk ds
vfrfjDr izR;sd lkeUr dks Hkh lsuk j[kuh iM+rh
Fkh] tk s ;q) eas dke vkrh FkhA fdlh ckg~;
vkØe.k vFkok vkUrfjd fonkzsg dks ncku s
gsrq jktk vius LokfeHkDr lkeUrks a dks
^^ijokuk** Hkstk djrk FkkA igys jktdh; lsok eas
lkeUrks a dh lsuk dk i`Fkd vfLrRo gksrk FkkA
viuh lsuk dk usr`Ùo Lo;a tkxhjnkj djrk Fkk]
yfsdu dsUnzh; lsuk eas lkeatL; cuku s ds fy,
lkeUrks a dk s c['kh ds funsZ'kkuqlkj dk;Z
djuk iM+rk FkkA102 tSls eMs +rk ij vkØe.k ds
le; ¼1790 bZ-½ egknth flaf/k;k ds lsukifr Mh
ckW; dk rksi[kkuk yuw h unh eas Qal x;k Fkk]
rc ekjokM+ ds lkeUrks a egs'knkl dwia kor
¼vklksi½] f'koflag pkaikor ¼vkÅok½ vkfn u s
c['kh Hkhejkt fla?koh ls rRdky vkØe.k djus
dks dgk Fkk] ijUrq Hkhejkt u s lykg ugha
ekuhA vr% lkeUr pkgrs gq, Hkh vkØe.k ugh
a dj ik,] QyLo:i mUgs a ijkLr gksuk iM+kA
iSny lSfudks adk dkjdwu n¶+rj jkT; dh vksj
ls ?kqM+lokj vkSj iSny lSfud ixjuks a eas Hkh
fu;qDr fd, tkr s Fks vkSj jkT; ds funsZ'kkulq kj
fBdkuns kjks a dh lsuk Hkh j[kh tkrh FkhA
ijxuks a ds ^dkjdwu n¶r+ j* eas ,sl s lSfudks
a dh mifLFkfr ntZ dh tkrh Fkh vkSj lSfudks a
dh igpku ds fy, iw.kZ fooj.k ^pgs jk cfg;ks*a
eas vafdr fd;k tkrk FkkA yM+kbZ esa lSfud ds
ekjs tku s ;k ?kk;y gksus dh fLFkfr eas mldh
igpku dju s eas ;s lw= mi;ksxh fl) gksrs Fks]
ogha lokjh ds ?kksM+ s dh igpku Hkh dj yh
tkrh FkhA tkyksj dkjdwu n¶r+ j dh pgs jk
cfg;ks a ls bl izdkj ds egÙoiw.kZ rF; Kkr gksrs
gSa103&
psgjk cfg;ks a ls Kkr lSfudks a dk fooj.k
Ø-
la-
igpku
vafdr
djus dh
fnukad
¼fo-la-½
lSfud dk
uke o
xk¡o
tkfr
lSfud
dh
vk;q
'kL=
?kksM+ s
dh
igpku
v'o
dh
vk;q
?kksM+
s dk
ewY;
¼#i,½
1- iks"k onh
4] 1838
:iflag]
dMrql.k
tSrkor 28 canwd lqjxa
¼yky½
?kksM+k
& 100
2- iks"k onh
4] 1838
dkuk /kka/ky 24 canwd ?kksM+k
dqesr
¼L;kgh fy,
gq, yky jxa
½] cka;k
iSj
lQsn
6 80
3- iks"k onh
6] 1838
:iflag fllksfn;k 30 canwd ?kksM+k
ihyk
4 40
4- iks"k onh
9] 1838
lq[kflag]
lkfM;ks
tSrkor 20 cjNh lqjxa ]
nk;ka
iSj lQsn
7 200
5- vklk<+ onh
2] 1848
c[krk nfg;k 50 canwd iSny & &
6- 1851 chje
¼xksnk
dk ckl½
nfg;k 42 canwd iSny & &
7- 1853 tq>kjflag tSrkor 30 canwd ?kksM+h
dqesr] iap
dY;k.k
3 100
8- Jko.k onh
1] 1853
jkenkl]
muMh
ÅgM+ 48 cjNh ?kksM+h
dqesr] vxyk
ck;ka iSj
vkSj
fiNyk nk;ka
iSj lQsn
8 160
9- Jko.k onh
5] 1853
fc'kuflag]
pSuiqjk
tSrkor 35 canwd ?kksM+h
lqjax] iap
dY;k.k
nk;s a
iwBs ij
dqMa yh
6 100
10- Jko.k onh
6] 1847
eqdunkl]
vklk.kks
ÅgM+ 30 canwd ?kksM+h
uhyh] iSj
lQsn
7 350
11- Jko.k onh
1] 1856
ck?kflag]
Fkkaoyk
tSrkor 26 canwd ?kksM+h
lqjxa
6 400
मारवाड़jkT; ds ijxuks a eas izHkko'kkyh
dqyksa@[kkaiks a dh fLFkfr106
flokuk ijxuk
1- ckykor 06 12]200
2- txeky 05 7]000
3- Ånkor 01 6]000
tkyksj ijxuk
1- tks/kk 10 32]700
2- Ånkor 05 21]500
3- e.Mkor 08 18]400
;g Hkh irk pyrk gS fd मारवाड़ijxu s es a
dwaikor ljnkjks a ds ikl {ks=Qy eas lcls cM+k
iV~Vk Fkk] yfsdu vU; ijxuks a eas budh
fLFkfr ,d leku ugha gksrh FkhA jkBkSM+
ljnkj [kk¡i ¼'kk[kk ;k mi dqy½ eas foHkkftr
FksA [kk¡i okyks a dk s cgqr cM+k iV~Vk
tkxhj] ijxuks a eas ugha nh tkrh FkhA nks
ijxuks a es a ,d lkFk ,d gh [kk¡i dk vf/kdkj ugh
a FkkA blls irk pyrk gS fd jkT; 'kfDr larqyu ds
fl)kUr ls dk;Z djrk FkkA ljnkjks a dk s ,d gh
txg ijxuks]a VIiks]a xk¡oks a eas dsfUnzr
gksus dk ekSdk ugha fn;k tkrk Fkk] blhfy,
^njks&cLr&tkxhj* oa'kkuqxr tkxhjnkjks a dks
vkoafVr ugh a dh tkrh FkhA os jkBkSM+ dqy
ds iV~Vsnkj ftuds ikl 100 ls 1000 #i;s j[s k dk
iV~Vk gksrk Fkk] mudh la[;k ux.; gksrh FkhA
jkBkSM+ iV~Vsnkjks a eas dwaikor o
pkaikor jkBkSM+ ljnkjks a ds ikl iV~Vsnkjks
a dk lcls cM+k lewg Fkk] bUgs a ge's kk
1000 #i;s o mlls Åij dh j[s k oky s iV~Vs fn;s
tkr s FksA mlh izdkj ,d vU; egÙoiw.kZ
jkBkSM+ [kk¡i ¼midqy½ esM+fr;ks a dk Fkk]
ftuds ikl 800 #i;s ls de dk j[s k dk iV~Vk ugh
a gksrk FkkA blls irk pyrk gS fd oa'kkuqxr
jkBkSM+ ifjokj izHkko'kkyh gksus ls 'kkld
oxZ eas ge's kk 'kkfey jgkA xSj jkBkSM+ ljnkj
ftUgksua s jkBkSM+ lkeUr oxZ dh lajpuk eas
viuh Hkwfedk fuHkkbZ mues a iaokj]
lkSyadh] pkSgku] ifjgkj] dPNokgk] xgyksr]
roa j] HkkVh Fks] tk s fofHkUu jktirw dqyks
a ls lacaf/kr FksA iV~Vk i)fr dk v/;;u dju s ls
irk pyrk gS fd 1000 #i;s dk iV~Vk] xSj
jkBkSM+ dqy ds lkeUrks a dk s izkIr dqy
iV~Vs dk 15 izfr'kr gh feyk FkkA bu 15 izfr'kr
iV~Vks a eas 25 HkkVh oa'k] 21 pkSgku
oa'k] 18 dPNokgk oa'k ds jktiwr Fks] ftuds ikl
lcls vf/kd iV~Vs FksA blds ckn 'ks"k jg x;s os
jktiwr Fks & 8 xgyksr] 7 ifjgkj] 3 eqgrk] 3
eqlyeku] 2 xksj] 2 roa j] 2 iaokj o 01 lksyadh
FksA ;g la[;k jkBkSM+ ljnkjks a dh rqyuk eas
ux.; FkhA xSj jkBkSM+ ljnkjks a es a lcls
Å¡pk LFkku HkkVh jktirw dqy dk FkkA HkkVh
o dPNokgk ljnkjks a dks dHkh Hkh jkT; }kjk
1000 #i;s ls uhp s dk iV~Vk ugha fn;k x;kA107
bl izdkj ftu ljnkjks a ds ikl 1000 #i;s ls Åij
ds iV~Vs Fks] os ljnkj ge's kk vius ls fuEu
jktirw ljnkjks a ij Js"Brk fl) djrs jgr s FksA
dqy tkjh fd, x;s iV~Vks a eas ls xSj
jkBkSM+ ljnkjks a dks fn;s x;s iV~Vs dh
jkf'k cgqr de gksrh FkhA bl izdkj jkBkSM+
ljnkjks a dk s gh mPpre jktLo] pkdjh dk
iV~Vk o xSj pkdjh dk iV~Vk nksuks a
izkIr gksrs FksA fo'ks"k [kk¡i ds lnL;ks a
dks iV~Vk] xk¡oks a o fBdkuks a eas
iznku fd;k tkrk FkkA108
j[s k ds vk/kkj ij ?kqM+lokj vFkok 'kqrqj
lokj vkfn ds fu/kkZj.k ds laca/k eas dksbZ
,d fuf'pr fu;e ugh a Fkk] mnkgj.kkFkZ
40]200 j[s k ij 50 ?kqM+lokj] 5000 j[s k ij 9
?kqM+lokj] 1400 js[k ij 2 ?kqM+lokj] 600
j[s k ij 1 ?kqM+lokj] 300 j[s k ij 1
?kqM+lokj] 700 j[s k ij 5 'kqrqj lokj j[ku s
dk mYys[k feyr s gSA109 vr% ;gh dgk tk
ldrk gS fd iV~Vk nrs s le; gh lokjks a dh
la[;k dk fu/kkZj.k 'kkld dh bZPNkuqlkj dj
fn;k tkrk FkkA fu"d"kZ
jko tk/s kk }kjk LFkkfir HkkbZ&caV dh
tkxhj O;oLFkk gh] tk/s kiqj jkT; dh lSU;
O;oLFkk dk vk/kkjHkrw LraHk FkhA tk/s
kiqj jkT; ds lSU; laxBu dk vk/kkj jkT; ds
NksVs&cM+ s lHkh tkxhjnkj ¼iV~Vsnkj½
gksrs FksA izR;sd tkxhjnkj tkxhj ds cnys
eas fuf'pr la[;k eas lSfud j[kr s Fks vkSj
vko';drk iM+us ij jkT; dh lsok ds fy, ge's kk
rRij jgr s FksA tkxhj ds vuqlkj gh tkxhjnkjks
a dk s ?kqM+lokj o 'kqrqj lokj j[kus gksrs
FksA izk;% tkxhj dk forj.k 'kkld vius gh
oa'k ds yksxks a eas djrk FkkA blds lkFk
gh muds lkFk oSokfgd laca/kks a vFkok
vU; dkj.kks a ls Hkh xSj jkBkSM+ oa'kh;
jktirw ks a dks Hkh tkxhjs a ¼iV~Vk½
iznku dh tkrh FkhA lkekU;r% jktk lkeUrks
a dks tkxhj s nus s eas oa'kkuqxr ijEijk dk
s fuHkkrk FkkA iV~Vk iznku djrs le; izR;sd
lkeUr ds iV~Vs eas lkeUr dks lSfud vFkok
vlSfud fdl izdkj dh lsok djuh gksxh] mYy[s
k gksrk FkkA lSfud lsok gh egÙoiw.kZ
FkhA eqxydky eas jkBkSM+ jktk eksVkjktk
mn;flag] eqxy eulcnkj gks x;s FksA vr%
मारवाड़jktkvks a dks eqxy ckn'kkg dh lsok es a
jgdj muds vkn's kkuqlkj fofHkUu ;q)kfHk;kuks
a eas tkuk iM+rk FkkA lkeUr gh 'kkld dh lSfud
'kfDr ds e:s n.M FksA lkeUr jkT; dh jh< + dh
gM~Mh FksA jkT; dh lqj{k dk nkf;Ro lkeUrks
a ij jgrk FkkA lhekvks a dh lqj{kk vkSj 'kkld dh
vuqifLFkfr eas jkt/kkuh o x<+ dh n[s kHkky o
lqj{kk dk dk;ZHkkj ds fy, lkeUrks a dh fu;qfDr
dh tkrh FkhA vr% mUgs a Hkh jkBkSM+ 'kkld
ds lkFk jgdj ;=&r= tkuk iM+rk FkkA exq y eulc
izkIr jkBkSM+ jktk ds mÙkjkf/kdkjh dk vafre
fu.kZ; eqxy ckn'kkg Lo;a djrk FkkA vr% eqxy
vkf/kiR; LFkkiuk ds ckn bl lanHkZ eas Hkh
lkeUrks a dk egÙo vkSj 'kfDr cgqr de gks x;h
FkhA tk/s kiqj jkT; ds izR;sd ijxu s eas Hkh
jkT; dh vksj ls fuf'pr lsuk j[kh tkrh FkhA mDr
lsuk dk eyw dk;Z ijxuks a eas 'kkafr o
O;oLFkk cuk;s j[kuk Fkk] ijUrq vko';drk iM+us
ij lSfud vfHk;kuks a eas Hkh mDr lsuk dk
mi;ksx fd;k tkrk FkkA blds vfrfjDr 'kkld ds lh/ks
fu;a=.k eas jkT; dh viuh vyx lsuk Hkh jgrh
FkhA ;g lsuk मारवाड़eas gh jgrh FkhA jkT; dh bl
lsuk eas ?kqM+lokj] gfLrlsuk] 'kqrqj lokj
vFkkZr~ vksBh] rksiph o iSny lsuk gksrh
FkhA lSU; O;oLFkk dk lEiw.kZ nkf;Ro c['kh dk
gksrk FkkA dsUnzh; LFkkbZ lsuk dks uxn
Hkqxrku fd;k tkrk FkkA eqxy izHkko ls
मारवाड़dh lSU; O;oLFkk iV~Vns kjh ij
vk/kkfjr Fkh] ftldk vk/kkj ^js[k* dk s cuk;k
x;k FkkA मारवाड़jkT; dh izkjHa k eas lkeUrh;
O;oLFkk dkykUrj eas iV~Vsnkjh O;oLFkk
gh lSfud 'kfDr o O;oLFkk dk eq[; vk/kkj
LraHk cu x;hA tk/s kiqj jkT; }kjk lSfud
nf`"Vdks.k ls lkeUrks a ij vR;f/kd fuHkZj
rku s Hkh dkykUrj.k eas tkdj jkT; dk s
uqdlku gqvk] lkeUrks a ij fu;a=.k j[ku s ds
fy, jktk ds ikl LFkk;h lsuk ds vHkko es a
ge's kk jkT; ds vkarfjd o ckg~; ekeyksa o
mÙkjkf/kdkjh tSls fu.kZ; Hkh lkeUrks a dh
lykg o lgefr ls lEiUu gksus yxsA
jkBkSM+ks a dh HkkbZ&caV lSfud i)fr u s
izkjEHk eas lkekzT; foLrkj eas lathouh dk
dk;Z fd;k] lHkh lkeUr Lo;a dks jkT;fgr ds
fy, cfynku nus s ds fy, lnSo rRij jgrs Fks]
yfsdu eqxy izHkko ls lSU; O;oLFkk dk s
:ikUrfjr dj iV~Vsnkjh eas cny fn;k] rc lkeUr
dh fu"Bk jkT; ds izfr de gks xbZ vkSj os
yxkrkj uohu iV~Vk izkIr dju s eas yxs jgsA
ml vuqikr eas lsuk eas uohdj.k ugha fd;k
rFkk iVV~ s dh 'krkas Z ds vuqlkj fdlh Hkh
iV~Vns kjks a u s lSU; O;oLFkk dk leqfpr
izca/k ugh a fd;k tks dkykUrj eas tkdj
ejkBk vkØe.k ds le; ?kkrd fl) gqvkA
Ø-la- iV~Vsnkj
iV~Vks
a dh
la[;k
ekjokM+
izkIr js[k
es
a
ekjokM+ jkT;
ls
ckgj izkIr js[k
dqy #i;s
1- Qhrd 1 300 & 300
2- chnkor 2 2000 & 2000
3- ikrkor 22 42400 & 42400
4- :ikor 8 17500 & 17500
5- txeky 20 39300 4500 43800
6- ckykor 21 45220 1000 46220
7- eMa kor 16 44900 2000 46900
8- ÅgM+ 06 31600 & 31600
9- Mwxa jksr 03 7500 & 7500
10- chgksr 04 5800 & 5800
1000 #i;s o mlls vf/kd j[s k izkIr jkBkSM+ ljnkjks a dk
fooj.k110 ¼egkjktk tloarflag % 1658&1662 bZ-
½
11- pw.Mkor 01 1000 & 1000
12- iqjch;k jkBkSM+ 05 11000 3000 14000
13- fla/ky 03 4200 & 4200
14- cSBokfl;k
jkBkSM+
01 1200 & 1200
15- lUnk jSeyksr 01 1500 & 1500
16- njs ktksr 02 8000 & 8000
17- pkoM+k jkBkSM+ 01 1900 & 1900
18- xaxokfM;k 03 4150 & 4150
19- egspk 07 99900 & 99900
20- pkaikor 22 400300 97300 497600
21- eMs +fr;k 76 366800 84200 451000
22- dwaikor 75 286650 151650 438300
23- tks/kk 80 405800 228400 634200
24- tSrkor 28 140100 36000 176100
25- Ånkor 44 156090 162300 318390
26- djelh;ksr 30 90300 10900 111200
27- jk;iky tks/kkor 01 1100 & 1100
28- ukjkor 03 49150 & 49150
29- chdkor 01 & 8000 8000
30- [kaxkjksr 01 & 10000 10000
31- [kaxksj tks/kkor 02 7000 7000 14000
32- lwtkor 02 2800 & 2800
33- djuksr 08 31500 11500 43000
34- Hkkstjktksr 03 17000 5000 22000
35- enukor 01 4000 & 4000
36- Hkkjekyksr 04 56000 13000 69000
37- v[ksjktksr 14 33700 8500 42000
38- Vk¡d 02 2000 & 2000
39- O;kl 01 5000 & 5000
dqy 525 2424660 844250 3268910
1000 #i;s o mlls vf/kd j[s k izkIr xSj jkBkSM+ ljnkjks a dk fooj.k111
¼egkjktk tloarflag % 1658&1662 bZ-½
Ø-la- iV~Vsnkj
iV~Vks a
dh la[;k
ekjokM+
jkT; es a
izkIr j[s k
¼#i;s½
ekjokM+ jkT; ls
ckgj izkIr j[s k
¼#i;s½
dqy #i;s
1- eqagrks 03 5000 & 5000
2- iaokj 02 1800 & 1800
3- lksyadh 01 2700 1000 3700
4- pkSgku 21 64100 31700 95800
5- dNokgk 18 28950 124600 153550
6- ifjgkj 07 12200 & 12200
7- xgyksr 09 14700 & 14700
8- r¡oj 02 & 16000 16000
9- xksj 02 12000 7000 19000
10- eqLyeku 03 6500 & 6500
11- HkkVh 25 128407 8500 136907
dqy 93 276357 188800 465157
dqy jkBkSM+ iV~Vsnkjks a dh la[;k & 525
dqy xSj jkBkSM+ iV~Vsnkjks a dh la[;k &
093
dqy & 618
lUnHkZ xzUFk lwph
1- O;kl] vkj-ih-] pUnzlsu ds ifjos'k eas
ekjokM+ dh lkeUr O;oLFkk ¼'kks/k
fucU/k½] i`-59-
2- HkkVh] gqdeflag] ijEijk] Hkkx
122&123] jktLFkkuh 'kks/k laLFkku]
pkSikluh] tk/skiqj] 2000-
3- j?kqohj flag] jk.kkor euksgj flag ¼la-
½] tk/skiqj jkT; dh [;kr] i`-53-
4- HkkVh] ukjk;.kflag ¼la-½] ekjokM+ jk
ijxuka jh foxr] Hkkx&izFke] i`-38&39]
xzUFkkad&101-
5- HkkVh] ukjk;.kflag ¼la-½] ekjokM+ jk
ijxuka jh foxr] Hkkx&izFke] i`-39&40-
6- fe=] ehjk] egkjktk vthrflag ,oa mudk
;qx] i`263-
7- HkkVh] ukjk;.kflag ¼la-½] ekjokM+ jk
ijxuka jh foxr] Hkkx&f}rh;] i`-465&469-
8- HkkVh] ukjk;.kflag ¼la-½] ekjokM+ jk
ijxuka jh foxr] Hkkx&f}rh;] i`-469&471-
9- HkkVh] ukjk;.kflag ¼la-½] ekjokM+ jk
ijxuka jh foxr] Hkkx&f}rh;] i`-482&483-
10-HkkVh] ukjk;.kflag ¼la-½] ekjokM+ jk
ijxuka jh foxr] Hkkx&izFke] i`-39&40-
11-HkkVh] gqdeflag ¼la-½] jkBkSM+ jh
[;kr] Hkkx&izFke] i`-39-
12-HkkVh] gqdeflag ¼la-½] jkBkSM+ka
jh [;kr] Hkkx&izFke] i`-54-
13-HkkVh] foØeflag ¼la-½] ewfan;kM+
jh [;kr] i`-22&23-
14-HkkVh] gqdeflag ¼la-½] jkBkSM+k jh
[;kr] i`-68-
15-HkkVh] ukjk;.kflag ¼la-½] ekjokM+ jk
ijxuka jh foxr] xzUFkkad&101]
Hkkx&izFke] i`-40-
16-eqa'kh gjn;kyflag] rokjh[k tkxhjnkjku
jkt ekjokM+] i`-2-
17-HkkVh] ukjk;.kflag ¼la-½] ekjokM+ jk
ijxuka jh foxr] Hkkx&izFke] i`-47&48-
18-O;kl] vkj-ih-] jksy vkWQ ukWfcfyfV bu
ekjokM+] i`6-
19-O;kl] vkj-ih-] pUnzlsu ds ifjos'k eas
ekjokM+ dh lkeUrh O;oLFkk ¼'kks/k
fucU/k½] i`-61- 20- HkkVh] foØeflag
¼la-½] ewfan;kM+ jh [;kr] i`-59&76-
21-mik/;k;] euksjek] ekjokM+ jk ijxuka jh
Qjlr] i`51-
22-HkkVh] gqdeflag ¼la-½] ekjokM+ jk
ijxuka jh Qjlr] i`-146-
23-xqIrk] eksguyky] tkyksj dk jktuhfrd ,oa
lkaLd`frd bfrgkl] i`-195&196-
24-xqIrk] eksguyky] tkyksj dk jktuhfrd ,oa
lkaLd`frd bfrgkl] i`-195&196-
25-lkdfj;k] cnjhizlkn ¼la-½] eqagrk
uS.klhjh [;kr] Hkkx&f}rh;]
xzUFkkad&49] i`-149-
26-HkkVh] ukjk;.kflag ¼la-½] ekjokM+ jk
ijxuka jh foxr] Hkkx&izFke] i`-41-
27-lkdfj;k] cnjhizlkn ¼la-½] eqagrk
uS.klhjh [;kr] Hkkx&izFke] i`-146-
28-jLrksxh] lk/kuk] ekjokM+ dk 'kkS;Z
;qx] i`-99&100- 29- O;kl] ek¡xh yky]
मारवाड़jkT; dk bfrgkl] i`-225- 30- HkkVh]
foØe flag ¼la-½] ewfan;kM+ jh [;kr] i`-
15&17-
31-HkkVh] ukjk;.kflag ¼la-½] ekjokM+ jk
ijxuka jh foxr] Hkkx&izFke] i`-39-
32-lkdfj;k] cnjh izlkn ¼la-½] eqagrk
uS.klhjh [;kr] Hkkx&izFke] i`-
102&104-
33-lkdfj;k] cnjh izlkn ¼la-½] eqagrk
uS.klhjh [;kr] Hkkx&f}rh;] i`-117] 120]
110&111] 121] 124- 34- jLrksxh]
lk/kuk] ekjokM+ dk 'kkS;Z ;qx] i`-
160&161-
35-jms] fo'os'oj ukFk] ekjokM+ dk bfrgkl]
Hkkx&izFke] i`-130-
36-jLrksxh] lk/kuk] ekjokM+ dk 'kkS;Z
;qx] i`-161-
37-HkkVh] gqdeflag ¼la-½] jkBkSM+ks
ajh [;kr] Hkkx&izFke] i`-81-
38-jms] fo'os'oj ukFk] ekjokM+ dk bfrgkl]
Hkkx&izFke] i`-146-
39-O;kl] vkj-ih-] pUnzlsu ds ifjos'k eas
ekjokM+ dh lkeUrh O;oLFkk] ijEijk
¼'kks/k fuca/k½] Hkkx 122&123] i`-
62-
40-flag] j?kqohj] jk.kkor] euksgj flag]
tk/skiqj jkT; dh [;kr] i`-105-
41-HkkVh] gqdeflag] jktLFkku ds
eMs+fr;k jkBkSM+] i`94&95-
42-HkkVh] gqdeflag ¼la-½] jkBkSM+ka
jh [;kr] Hkkx&izFke] i`-121-
43-eqa'kh] gjn;kyflag] etew,&gkykr o
bfUrt+ke jkt ekjokM+] i`-440-
44-ckjgB] f'konÙknku] tk/skiqj jkT; dk
bfrgkl] i`205-
45-jms] fo'os'oj ukFk] ekjokM+ jkT; dk
bfrgkl] Hkkx&f}rh;] i`-627-
46-O;kl] vkj-ih-] jksy vkWQ ukWfcfyVh bu
ekjokM+] i`187-
47-ckjgB] f'konÙknku] tk/skiqj jkT; dk
bfrgkl] i`-
205&206-
48-'kekZ] th-Mh-] jktirw ikWfyVh] i`-184-
49-gchc] bjQku] nh ,xzsfj;u flLVe vkWQ
eqxy bafM;k ¼1556&1707½] i`-257-
50-lrh'kpUnz] j?kqohj flag o 'kekZ]
?ku';ke nÙk ¼la-½] मारवाड़gqdwer jh
cgh] i`-127-
51-gqdwer cgh o iV~Vk cgh] cLrk la[;k
97] tk/skiqj fjdkWMZl~] jk-jk-v-
chdkujsA
52-chykM+k ds ,sfrgkfld i=] cLrk la[;k
1&9] jk-jkv- chdkusjA
53-flag] euksgj] मारवाड़jkT; dh [;kr] i`-84-
54-HkkVh] ukjk;.kflag ¼la-½] ekjokM+ jk
ijxuka jh foxr] Hkkx&izFke] i`-
408&410-
55-gqdwer cgh] cLrk la[;k 152 ch]
मारवाड़fjdkWMZ~l] jk-jk-v- chdkusjA
56-ekjokM+ jk ihf<;k jh [;kr] i`-85-
57-gqdwer cgh] cLrk la[;k 107c] jk-jk-v-
chdkujsA
58-gqdwer cgh] cLrk la[;k 109c] 1670 bZ-
] jk-jk-v- chdkujsA
59-cLrk la[;k 101@14] jk-jk-v- chdkujsA
^^lks pkdjh Hkyh Hkkr djlh] eyslh tB
stlh mtj dj.k ikos ughaA** iV~Vk nsrs
le; mDr mn~/kj.k iV~Vs es afy[ks tkrs
FksA
60-cLrk la[;k 76] QkbZy ua- 2]
मारवाड़fjdkWMZ~l]jk-jkv- chdkusjA
61-gqdwer cgh] cLrk la[;k 126v] jk-jk-v-
chdkujsA
62-cLrk la[;k 7] QkbZy ua- 2]
मारवाड़fjdkWMZ~l] jk-jkv- chdkusjA
63-gqdwer cgh] cLrk la[;k 145v] jk-jk-v-
chdkujsA
64-HkkVh] ukjk;.kflag ¼la-½] ekjokM+ jk
ijxuk jh foxr] Hkkx&f}rh;] i`-399-
65-[kkaiokj iV~Vk cgh] iV~Vk la[;k
61&62] ftyk vfHky[skkxkj] tks/kiqjA
66-lrh'kpUnz] jk.kkor euksgj flag o 'kekZ]
th-Mh- ¼la-½] tk/skiqj gqdwer jh cgh]
i`-191-
67-lrh'kpUnz] jk.kkor euksgj flag o 'kekZ]
th-Mh- ¼la-½] tk/skiqj gqdwer jh cgh]
i`-140-
68-lrh'kpUnz] jk.kkor euksgj flag o 'kekZ]
th-Mh- ¼la-½] tk/skiqj gqdwer jh cgh]
i`-194-
69-egkjktk vthrflag iV~Vk cgh la- 612] jk-
jk-v- chdkujsA
70-¼1½ lrh'kpUnz] jk.kkor euksgj flag o
'kekZ] thMh- ¼la-½] tk/skiqj gqdwer
jh cgh] i`-125-
¼2½ lrh'kpUnz] jk.kkor euksgj flag o
'kekZ] th-Mh- ¼la-½] tk/skiqj gqdwer
jh cgh] i`-169-
71-HkkVh] ukjk;.kflag ¼la-½] ekjokM+ jk
ijxuka jh foxr] Hkkx&izFke] i`-38-
72-j?kqohjflag ¼la-½] mn;Hkk.k pkaikor
jh [;kr] Hkkx&f}rh;] i`-17&23] 31&36-
73-[kkaiokj iV~Vk cgh] iV~Vk la[;k 53] jk-
jk-v- chdkujsA
74-lun cgh 286] jk-jk-v- chdkusj] i`-372-
75-lrh'kpUnz] jk.kkor euksgj flag o 'kekZ]
th-Mh-
¼la-½] tk/skiqj gqdwer jh cgh] i`-126-
76-lrh'kpUnz] jk.kkor euksgj flag o 'kekZ]
th-Mh- ¼la-
½] मारवाड़gqdwer jh cgh] i`-139-
77-lrh'kpUnz] jk.kkor euksgj flag o 'kekZ]
th-Mh- ¼la-½] tk/skiqj gqdwer jh cgh]
i`-155] 158-
78-[kkaiokj iV~Vk cgh] iV~Vk la[;k 78]
ftyk vfHky[skkxkj] tks/kiqjA
79-[kkaiokj iV~Vk cgh] iV~Vk la[;k 78] jk-
jk-v- chdkujsA
80-lrh'kpUnz] jk.kkor euksgj flag o 'kekZ]
th-Mh- ¼la-½] tk/skiqj gqdwer jh cgh]
i`-161-
81-HkkVh] gqdeflag ¼la-½] ekjokM+ jk
ijxuka jh Qjlr] i`-5-
82-lrh'kpUnz] jk.kkor euksgj flag o 'kekZ]
th-Mh- ¼la-½] tk/skiqj gqdwer jh cgh]
i`-138-
83-HkkVh] gqdeflag ¼la-½] ekjokM+ jk
ijxuka jh Qjlr] i`-3-
84-ykx&ckx] QkbZy ua- 202]
मारवाड़iz'kklu] cLrk la[;k 97@4] tk/skiqj
fjdkWMZ~l] jk-jk-v- chdkujsA
85-cnjhizlkn lkdfj;k ¼la-½] eqagrk
uS.klhjh [;kr] Hkkx&f}rh;] i`-157-
86-cnjhizlkn lkdfj;k ¼la-½] eqagrk
uS.klhjh [;kr] Hkkx&f}rh;] i`-154&157-
87-cLrk la[;k 97] QkbZy ua- 4] jk-jk-v-
chdkujsA
88-cLrk ua- 97@4] ykx&ckx] QkbZy la[;k
202&4] मारवाड़fjdkMZ~l] jk-jk-v-
chdkujsA
89-cLrk ua- 76@4] tk/skiqj fjdkWMZl~]
jk-jk-v- chdkujsA
90-ykx&ckx] QkbZy ua- 202] tk/skiqj
fjdkWMZl~] jk-jkv- chdkusjA
91-HkkVh] foØeflag] e/;dkyhu jktLFkku
eas fBdkuk O;oLFkk] i`-134-
92-¼1½ ykx&ckx] QkbZy la[;k 202]
tk/skiqj fjdkWMZ~l] jk-jk-v- chdkusjA
¼2½ cMsu] ikosy] yS.M flLVe vkWQ
fczfV'k bafM;k] i`329&330-
93-HkkVh] ukjk;.k flag ¼la-½] ekjokM+ jk
ijxuka jh foxr] Hkkx&f}rh;] i`-347-
94-HkkVh] ukjk;.k flag ¼la-½] ekjokM+ jk
ijxuka jh foxr] Hkkx&izFke] i`-461-
95-HkkVh] ukjk;.k flag ¼la-½] ekjokM+ jk
ijxuka jh foxr] Hkkx&f}rh;] i`-340-
96-gFkcgh ua- 5] jk-jk-v- chdkujs] i`-39-
97-HkkVh] gqdeflag ¼la-½] ekjokM+ jk
ijxuka jh Qjlr] i`-7-
98-iV~Vk cgh ua- 8] jk-jk-v- chdkusj] i`-
10- 99- HkkVh] gqdeflag ¼la-½]
ekjokM+ jk ijxuka jh Qjlr] i`-7-
100- HkkVh] gqdeflag ¼la-½]
jkBkSM+ka jh [;kr] Hkkx&r`rh;] i`-554-
101- HkkVh] gqdeflag ¼la-½]
jkBkSM+ka jh [;kr] Hkkx&r`rh;] i`-542]
546&447-
102- lun ijokuk cgh ua- 7] jk-jk-v-
chdkusj] i`-128-
103- ckjgB] f'konÙknku] tk/skiqj jkT; dk
bfrgkl] i`219-
104- ¼1½ tkyksj dkjdwu n¶+rj] pgsjk
cgh] fo-la- 1856&1857] jk-jk-v-
chdkusjA
¼2½ QkSt rky ds pgsjk cgh] fo-la- 1838]
1848] jk-jk-v- chdkujsA
105- dkj[kkuk jks [kkrks] fo-la- 1825]
tkyksj cfg;kr]
QkSt ikyh jk[kh fr.k ukaoks ekl nks jks
gLrs fla?koh /ku:iey uS iapksyh
lhjhnÙk % vklk<+ lqnh 15] cgh Øekad
80] ftyk vfHky[skkxkj] tks/kiqjA
106- fjikVsZl~ vkWu tk/skiqj
dkWULVhV~;'wkuy fjQkWeZl~
¼1944½] ykx&ckx ,UDok;jh deVsh
fjiksVZ 1883] i`-
95&96-
107- 'kekZ] th-Mh-] jktirw ikWfyVh] i`-
147&148- 108- 'kekZ] th-Mh-] jktirw
ikWfyVh] i`-130-
109- ykx&ckx] ,UDok;jh desVh fjiksVZ]
1883] ifjf'k"V la- 2-
110- fjikVsZl~ vkWu tk/skiqj
dkWULVhV~;'wkuy fjQkWeZl~
¼1944½] ykx&ckx ,UDok;jh deVsh
fjiksVZ 1883] i`-
95&96-
111- fjikVsZl~ vkWu tk/skiqj
dkWULVhV~;'wkuy fjQkWeZl~
¼1944½] ykx&ckx ,UDok;jh deVsh
fjiksVZ 1883] i`95&96-

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सज्जन सिंह राठौड़.docx

  • 1. मारवाड़ राज्य की सैन्य व्यवस्था : मध्यकालीन युग में डॉ. सज्जन ससिंह राठौड़, सहायक आचायय, माधव सवसिद्यालय, ससरोही, राजस्थान. izLrkouk izkphu dky ls gh jkT; dh vkUrfjd o ckgjh lqj{kk ds fy, ;ksX; jktk ds lkFk] ,d l'kDr lsuk Hkh vfuok;Z FkhA e/;dky rd lsuk dh dq'kyrk gh jkT; dh lqj{kk dh vfuok;Z 'krZ cu xbZA jko lhgk }kjk LFkkfir ekjokM+ eas jkBkSM+ jkT; viu s LFkkiuk ls gh vkUrfjd o ckgjh 'k=qvks a rFkk Lotuks a ds fonkzsgh izo`fÙk ls eqdkcyk dj ,d Lora= ekjokM+ jkT; LFkkfir dju s eas lQy jgsA jkBkSM+ lsuk izkjEHk dky ls gh jktHkfDr] uSfrd eYw ;ks a ls vksrizksr Fkh] os foijhr ifjfLFkfr;ks a es a Hkh jkT;lsok es a viuk loksZPp cfynku nus s ds fy, lnSo rRij jgrs FksA tk/s kiqj jkT; lsuk eas dsoy jktirw tkfr dk s gh lSU; dk;Z ds fy, j[kk tkrk FkkA LocU/kq o jDr dh ifo=rk dk s dBksjrk ls ikyu fd;k x;kA tk/s kiqj jkT; dh lSU; O;oLFkk dk Lo:i Lkkjka'k jko tk/skk }kjk LFkkfir HkkbZ&caV dh tkxhj O;oLFkk gh] मारवाड़ jkT; dh lUS; O;oLFkk dk vk/kkjHkrw LraHk FkhA tk/skiqj jkT; ds lUS; lxa Bu dk vk/kkj jkT; ds NkVs s&cM+ s lHkh tkxhjnkj ¼iV~Vsnkj½ gksr s FksA izR;sd tkxhjnkj tkxhj ds cnys es a fuf'pr l[a ;k es a lSfud j[kr s Fks vkjS vko';drk iM+u s ij jkT; dh los k ds fy, ges'kk rRij jgrs FkAs tkxhj ds vuqlkj gh tkxhjnkjkas dks ?kqM+lokj o 'kqrqj lokj j[ku s gksr s FksA izk;% tkxhj dk forj.k 'kkld vius gh oa'k ds yksxkas es a djrk FkkA blds lkFk gh muds lkFk oSokfgd lca a/kks a vFkok vU; dkj.kkas l s Hkh xSj jkBkMS + oa'kh; jktirw ksa dk s Hkh tkxhjsa ¼iV~Vk½ iznku dh tkrh FkhA lkekU;r% jktk lkeUrkas dk s tkxhjs nsus es a oa'kkuqxr ijEijk dk s fuHkkrk FkkA iV~Vk iznku djrs le; izR;sd lkeUr ds iV~Vs es a lkeUr dk s lfSud vFkok vlfSud fdl izdkj dh lsok djuh gksxh] mYys[k gksrk FkkA lfSud los k gh egÙoiw.kZ FkhA eqxydky es a jkBkSM+ jktk ekVs kjktk mn;flag] eqxy eulcnkj gks x;s FksA vr% tk/s kiqj jktkvks a dks eqxy ckn'kkg dh lsok esa jgdj muds vkns'kkulq kj fofHkUu ;q)kfHk;kukas es a tkuk iM+rk FkkA lkeUr gh 'kkld dh lSfud 'kfDr ds es:n.M FksA lkeUr jkT; dh jh<+ dh gM~Mh FksA jkT; dh ljq {k dk nkf;Ro lkeUrkas ij jgrk FkkA lhekvkas dh ljq {kk vkSj 'kkld dh vuiq fLFkfr esa jkt/kkuh o x<+ dh ns[kHkky o lqj{kk dk dk;ZHkkj ds fy, lkeUrkas dh fu;qfDr dh tkrh FkhA vr% mUgs a Hkh jkBkMS + 'kkld ds lkFk jgdj ;=&r= tkuk iM+rk FkkA eqxy eulc izkIr jkBkMS + jktk ds mÙkjkf/kdkjh dk vfare fu.kZ; eqxy ckn'kkg Lo;a djrk FkkA vr% eqxy vkf/kiR; LFkkiuk ds ckn bl lna Hk Z es a Hkh lkeUrkas dk egÙo vkSj 'kfDr cgrq de gks x;h FkhA tk/skiqj jkT; ds izR;sd ijxus es a Hkh jkT; dh vksj l s fuf'pr lus k j[kh tkrh FkhA mDr lus k dk ewy dk;Z ijxukas es a 'kkfar o O;oLFkk cuk;s j[kuk Fkk] ijUrq vko';drk iM+us ij lfSud vfHk;kukas es a Hkh mDr lus k dk mi;ksx fd;k tkrk FkkA blds vfrfjDr 'kkld ds lh/k s fu;a=.k es a jkT; dh viuh vyx lus k Hkh jgrh FkhA ;g lus k tk/skiqj es a gh jgrh FkhA jkT; dh bl lus k es a ?kMq +lokj] gfLrlus k] 'kqrqj lokj vFkkZr~ vksBh] rksiph o iSny lsuk gksrh FkhA lSU; O;oLFkk dk lEiw.kZ nkf;Ro c['kh dk gksrk FkkA dsUnzh; LFkkbZ lus k dks uxn Hkxq rku fd;k tkrk FkkA eqxy izHkko ls tk/skiqj dh lUS; O;oLFkk iV~Vsnkjh ij vk/kkfjr Fkh] ftldk vk/kkj ^js[k* dk s cuk;k x;k FkkA tk/skiqj jkT; dh izkjaHk es a lkeUrh; O;oLFkk dkykUrj es a iV~Vsnkjh O;oLFkk gh lSfud 'kfDr o O;oLFkk dk eq[; vk/kkj LraHk cu x;hA tk/s kiqj jkT; }kjk lSfud n`f"Vdks.k l s lkeUrkas ij vR;f/kd fuHkjZ rk us Hkh dkykUrj.k es a tkdj jkT; dk s uqdlku gvq k] lkeUrkas ij fu;a=.k j[ku s ds fy, jktk ds ikl LFkk;h lsuk ds vHkko es a ges'kk jkT; ds vkarfjd o ckg~; ekeyksa o mÙkjkf/kdkjh tSls fu.kZ; Hkh lkeUrkas dh lykg o lgefr ls lEiUu gksu s yxsA jkBkMS +ks a dh HkkbZ&caV lfSud i)fr us izkjEHk esa lkezkT; foLrkj esa lta houh dk dk;Z fd;k] lHkh lkeUr Lo;a dks jkT;fgr ds fy, cfynku nsus ds fy, lnSo rRij jgrs Fks] yfsdu eqxy izHkko ls lUS; O;oLFkk dk s:ikUrfjr dj iV~Vsnkjh es a cny fn;k] rc lkeUr dh fu"Bk jkT; ds izfr de gks xbZ vkSj os yxkrkj uohu iV~Vk izkIr djus es a yxs jgsA ml vuqikr es a lsuk esa uohdj.k ugha fd;k rFkk iV~Vs dh 'krkasZ ds vulq kj fdlh Hkh iV~Vsnkjkas us lSU; O;oLFkk dk leqfpr izca/k ugha fd;k tk s dkykUrj esa tkdj ejkBk vkØe.k ds le; ?kkrd fl) gqvkA eq[; 'kCn % fBdkuk] rkxhjkr , HkkbZ caV] pkdjh] j[sk]] eq.MdVh] dqjc] Hkkse&ckc
  • 2. jko tks/kk ds ^^HkkbZ&oUr^^ ¼HkkbZ caV½ fl)kUr ls izsfjr gksdj ,d etcwr lSU; O;oLFkk eas :ikUrfjr dju s eas uhao dk dke fd;kA jko tk/s kk u s vius Lotuks]a HkkbZ&cU/kqvks a o vU; jktiwr dqfyu oa'kh; {kf=;ks a dks LFkkbZ tkxhj nds j LFkkbZ lSU; O;oLFkk dh 'kq:vkr dhA jkBkSM+ks a dh lkeUrh; O;oLFkk gh eq[; :i ls lSU; laxBu dh :ij[s kk FkhA lEiw.kZ मारवाड़jkT; dh lSU; O;oLFkk dk Lo:i o lajpuk lkeUrh; O;oLFkk ij fVdh gqbZ FkhA jkBkSM+ lSfud jkT; ds izfr oQknkjh o Lora=rk dk izrhd tk/s kiqj fdys ds fy, viu s izk.k U;kSNkoj dju s ds fy, ges'kk rRij jgrs FksA jkBkSM+ lsuk jktirw kuk dh lcls cM+h o izeq[k lsuk FkhA ;s lsuk,s a jkT; ds gj fgLls dh lqj{kk lqfuf'pr djrh FkhA jkBkSM+ lsuk dk ,d gh y{; Fkk] 'k=q ij thr o gj txg xoZ o bTtr ds lkFk jgukA lsuk dh loksZPp deku jktk ds ikl gksrh FkhA jkT; dh lqj{kk ds fy, jkBkSM+ lsuk ge's kk rSukr jgrh FkhA lsuk dks laxfBr] O;ofLFkr o etcwr dju s eas lkeUrh; O;oLFkk u s vge Hkwfedk dk fuoZgu fd;kA मारवाड़jkT; dh lSU; O;oLFkk us मारवाड़ds fodkl es a egÙoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkkbZA jkT; ds LFkkiuk ds le; ekjokM+ dh lSU; iz.kkyh izkphu i)fr ij gh laxfBr FkhA 16oha lnh eas jkBkSM+ jktiwr jkT;ks a es a lkeUrh laxBu ds fuf'pr Lo:i ij dksbZ fo'ks"k izdk'k ugh a iM+kA e/;dkyhu jktLFkku ds jktiwrks a eas lkeUrh; O;oLFkk FkhA ;g O;oLFkk ,d izdkj ls lkekftd ,oa jktuhfrd O;oLFkk dk gh Lo:i Fkh] ftlesa urs k ds :i eas ,d jktk gksrk Fkk] tks lkeUrksa ds lg;ksx ls jkT; ds iz'kklu dk dk;Z lapkyu djrk FkkA lkeUr dk vFkZ gS ohj vFkok ;ks)kA O;qRifÙk eyw d n`f"V ls ^le* milxZ eas ^vr* izR;; tqM+us ls ^lkeUr* 'kCn curk gS] ftldk vFkZ gS lE;d~ var%;LFk vFkkZr~ var vPNk gSA lkeUr 'kCn ds vUrxZr lqj{kk dk Hkkj laHkkyuk] jktk ds fy, lsuk tqVkuk] ;q) djuk rFkk vius v/khuLFk dks n.M nus k] ekxkas Z dh lqj{kk djuk vkfn dk;Z vkrs gSaA lkeUrokn og lkekftd O;oLFkk Fkh] tgk¡ tkxhjnkj jktk ds fy, yM+rs Fks] mlds cny s jktk mls lEeku nrs k FkkA jkBkSM+ lÙkk ds ekjokM+ eas LFkk;h :i ls LFkkfir gksus ls iwoZ lHkh Hkw&Lokeh vius {ks= dh j{kk dju s ds fy, fujUrj iM+ksfl;ks a ls la?k"kZjr Fks] blfy, jktk o tkxhjnkjks a nksuks a dh t:jr u s tkxhjnkjh izFkk dks vaxhdkj fd;kA izkjEHk eas jko tks/kk u s viu s LocU/kqvks a ij gh fo'okl dj mUga s Hkw&Hkkx nsdj jkBkSM+ oa'k ds izfr LokehHkDr cuk;k] rkfd Hkfo"; eas dksbZ Hkh 'kfDr'kkyh tkxhjnkj fonkzsg djds u;s oa'k dh LFkkiuk ugh a dj ldsA izkjEHk eas jktk ds ikl i;kZIr lalk/ku ugh a gksus ls] mlu s fo'kky lsuk dk fuekZ.k o laxBu ugh a fd;k vkSj ;q) ds le; lsuk ds fy, tkxhjnkjks a dh lsuk ij fuHkZj gks x;kA tkxhjnkjks a u s Hkh ladVdky eas jktk dh vkKk feyr s gh fu;r le; ij llSU; lsok eas mifLFkr gksdj jkt/keZ dk ikyu fd;kA dkykUrj es a tkxhjnkjks a u s Hkh viu s Hkw&{ks=ksa dk s viu s iq=ks a o Hkkb;ks a eas foHkkftr dj fn;k] ysfdu lEizHkqrk dk L=ksr ge's kk jktk ds ikl gh jgkA bl izdkj ds izxk<+ laca/k gksus ls मारवाड़ds jktk dk s dHkh Hkh Lo;a dh futh lsuk ds fuekZ.k dh vko';drk ugh a iM+hA ;q) ds le; ;k laHkkfor vkØe.k gksus ij lkeUrks]a Bkdqjks a ;k tkxhjnkjksa }kjk gh lsuk bDV~Bk dh tkrh FkhA jktLFkku ds vU; jtokM+ks a ds leku tk/s kiqj ds lkeUr Hkh ize[q k :i ls nks oxksZa eas foHkDr FksA lkeUrks a dk ,d oxZ ,slk Fkk] ftldk mn~Hko jktdqy ls gqvk FkkA nlw js oxZ eas vU; led{k jktirw lkeUr lfEefyr FksA Lodqyh; lkeUrks a dk jktk ds lkFk cU/kqRo ,oa jDr dk laca/k FkkA os Lokeh /keZ ds fl)kUr ls mRizsfjr gksdj jktk dks lg;ksx nus s dks rRij jgrs Fks vkSj jkT; ds cjkcjh ds fgLlsnkj gksus dk nkok Hkh djr s FksA jktk dh vksj ls viu s HkkbZ&csVks a dks thou fuokZg ds fy, Hkwfe iznku dh tkrh Fkh] tk s mldh oa'kkuqxr tkxhj ds :i eas jgrh Fkh] le; ds lkFk&lkFk ,sl s tkxhjnkjks a dh la[;k eas fujUrj o`f) gksrh xbZA1 मारवाड़jkT; dh lSU; O;oLFkk % tkxhjnkjh izFkk ¼1453&1531 bZ-½ 12 ebZ] 1459 bZ- dks jko tks/kk u s tk/s kiqj nqxZ o uxj dh uhao j[k dj ,d u;s ;qx dh 'kq:vkr 2 dhA bl le; मारवाड़eas ,d l'kDr o LFkkbZ jkBkSM+ lÙkk dh LFkkiuk gqbZA मारवाड़eas jko tks/kk u s viu s vf/kd`r o foftr Hkw&Hkkx dks viu s HkkbZ&cU/kqvks]a
  • 3. iq=ks a o fofHkUu ljnkjks a eas foHkkftr dj mid`r fd;kA dkykUrj eas bUgha ds lSfud lg;ksx o leFkZu ls foLr`r मारवाड़jkT; dk Hkfo"; eas fuekZ.k gqvkA jko tks/kk u s viu s Hkkb;ks a dks fuEu xk¡o iznku fd;s3& v[ksjkt dk s cxM+h] pkaik dks dkijM+k o cukM+k] Mwxa j dks Hkknzktw.k] ckyk dk s [kjyk] lkgyh o [kksjM+h] :ik dks ygqvksa dk {ks= pkaMh] eMa yk dk s chdkujs fLFkr lkanqM+ks]a djuk dks yq.kkokl] ikrk dks dj.kq] oSjk dks ijxuk lkstr dk nq/koM+] txeky dh e`R;q ;qokoLFkk es a gks xbZ Fkh vr% mlds LFkku ij mlds iq= [ksrlh dk s urs M+k xk¡o fn;k x;kA blh izdkj jko tks/kk u s viu s iq=ksa dks xk¡o fn;s Fks] ftldk fooj.k bl izdkj ls gSa4& lkry o lwtk ¼lgksnj HkkbZ½ dk s मारवाड़es a gh j[kk] uhack dk s lkstr ijxuk fdUrq mldh 'kh?kz gh eR` ;q gks xbZ Fkh] ojflag vkSj nnw k ¼lgksnj HkkbZ½ dk s eMs +rk] chdk o chnk ¼lnksgj HkkbZ½ dk s chdkujs ] Hkkjey o tkxs k ¼lgksnj HkkbZ½ dk s dks<.k] f'kojkt dk s nuw kM+k vkSj djelh o jk;iky ¼lgksnj HkkbZ½ dk s ukgk<ljk xk¡o fn;kA bl izdkj tk/s kiqj jkT; eas lkeUr'kkgh O;oLFkk ¼tkxhjnkj½ dh uhao] jko tk/s kk u s gh j[kh FkhA ;s leLr lkeUr viu&s viu s ijxuks a eas ,d v)Z Lora= 'kkld dh Hkkafr jktdk;Z dk lapkyu djr s FksA 'kkld dks viu s jkT; ds foLrkj rFkk jkT; dh lqj{kk ds fy, lkeUrks a ij fuHkZj jguk iM+rk FkkA ogha lkeUrks a dks Hkh viuh fLFkfr dks cuk;s j[ku s dh vko';drk ds fy;s ;ksX; urs `Ùo dh vko';drk gksrh FkhA bl izdkj jko tks/kk u s viu s lkezkT; dk s vius HkkbZ&cU/kqvks a es a foHkkftr dj tkxhjnkj izFkk dk s ^^HkkbZ oar** ;k ^^HkkbZ&caV** izFkk es a cny fn;kA ftl izdkj tk/s kiqj jktk dk vf/kdkj ,d fuf'pr Hkw&izn's k Fkk] mlh izdkj lkeUrks a ds ikl Hkh viuh&viuh tkxhjs a gqvk djrh FkhA tkxhj ;k Hkwfe lkeUrks a dh O;fDrxr lEifÙk o mudh 'kfDr dk vk/kkj Fkh] vr% ftu O;fDr;ks a ds ikl tkxhj ugh a Fkh] os Hkh jktk ls tkxhj iku s rFkk ftuds ikl tkxhj Fkh] os mls c<o+ ku s ds fy;s iz;Ru'khy jgrs FksA jkBkSM+ jktk tkxhjnkjks a ls Å¡pk O;fDr ugha le>k tkrk Fkk] cfYd 'kkld o lkeUr] Hkzkr`Ùo o lekurk dk laca/k FkkA vius {ks= es a lkeUr iw.kZr% Lora= Fks] QyLo:i os fdlh ds v/khu jguk viuh e;kZnk ds fo:) le>rs FksA mudh blh izo`fÙk ds dkj.k tc Hkh mUgs a volj feyrk Fkk] os viuh 'kfDr c<+k fy;k djrs Fks vkSj dHkh&dHkh jktk dk s fucZy ikdj mldh mis{kk Hkh dj nrs s FksA5tk/s kiqj jkT; viu s LFkkiuk dky ls eqxy v/khurk Lohdkj dju s rd] मारवाड़dh lSU; O;oLFkk] ijEijkxr :i ls lkeUrks a ds }kjk miyC/k djkbZ tkus okyh lsuk gksrh FkhA jktk ds ikl LFkk;h lsuk dk ges'kk vHkko jgus ls vkarfjd fonzksg o ckgjh vkØe.k ds le; tks inkih lsuk] v'o lsuk] 'kqrqj lsuk miyC/k djokbZ tkrh Fkh] og lEiw.kZ lsuk lkeUrks a dh gksrh FkhA tk/s kiqj eas jko tk/s kk ds Hkkb;ks a vkSj csVks a dh lUrku eas ls LFkk;h ^fljk;r** ljnkjks a dk mn~Hko gqvk FkkA os lHkh tk/s kiqj jkT; ds LrEHk le>s tkrs Fks vkSj fljk;r ds ljnkj ds uke ls tkus tkr s FksA pkaikor] dwaikor] tSrkor rFkk djuksr jko tk/s kk ds Hkkb;ks a ds oa'kt FksA vr% os ^^tho.kh fely** ds lkeUr FksA jko tks/kk ds iq=ks a ls pyu s okyh 'kk[kkvks a ds ljnkjks a tSls & eMs +fr;k] mnkor] deZlksr vkfn dh x.kuk ^^Mkoh fely** eas gksrh FkhA6 jko j.key ds oa'kt jktk ds le{k nka;h vksj tho.kh fely ds ljnkj rFkk jko tks/kk ds oa'kt cka;h vksj Mkoh fely ds ljnkjks a ds cSBus dh O;oLFkk lqfuf'pr dh xbZA tho.kh fely dk izeq[k ¼fljk;r½ vkmok ds pkaikor Bkdqj dks cuk;k vkSj Mkoh fely dk izeq[k jh;ka ds eMs +fr;k Bkdqj dks cuk;kA Lotkrh; jkBkSM+ lkeUrks a ds vfrfjDr xSj jkBkSM+ jktiwrks a dk s Hkh iV~Vs fn;s tkr s FksA ;s iV~V s lSfud lsokvks a ds cnys eas fn;s tkrs FksA muds cnys es a os jkBkSM+ 'kkldkas dh v/khurk Lohdkj dj mUgs a dj o lSU; lsok nus h iM+rh FkhA bl Js.kh eas bZank] dPNokgk] HkkVh] pkSgku] raoj] fllksfn;k vkfn jktiwr izeq[k FksA lkeUrks a dh मारवाड़es a pkj eq[; Jsf.k;k¡ Fkh & 1- tho.kh fely ds lkeUr & pkaikor] dqia kor] 6 tsrkor] dj.kksr vkfnA 2- Mkoh fely ds lkeUr & eMs +fr;k] mnkor] tks/kk vkfnA7 3- xuk;r es a 'kfey lkeUr & HkkVh] pkSgku] dPNokgk] fllksfn;k vkfnA 4- inkf/kdkjh ;k eRq ln~nh & nhoku] c['kh8 vkfnA jko tks/kk us मारवाड़jkT; dh lqj{kk ,oa vfLrRo dk s 'k=qvks als j{k.k ds fy, 'kklu eas viu s iq=ks&a Hkkb;ks]a Lotuks a rFkk jktiwrks a dks laxfBr dju s o iz'kklu eas mudks Hkkxhnkj cuk;kA ;s gh yksx lSU; O;oLFkk ds 'kfDr iqat Fks] blfy, lSU; O;oLFkk dks cuk;s j[ku s rFkk lkezkT; ds vfLrRo ds fy, jko tks/kk u s viu s jkT; dks Lotuks a eas foHkkftr dj vkilh lkSgkn Z ds Hkko mRiUu fd;sA9 jko tk/s kk dh
  • 4. HkkbZ&oar O;oLFkk u s Hkkoh tk/s kiqj jkT; dh lSU; O;oLFkk ds Lo:i o lajpuk dks izHkkfor dj ml ij nwjxkeh izHkko MkyAs ;g 'kklu O;oLFkk 'kklu es a fodsUnzhdj.k] lekurk o fo'okl ij vk/kkfjr FkhA jkBkSM+ks a dh fofHkUu 'kk[kk,a o mi'kk[kk,a jko tks/kk ds le; ls gh मारवाड़eas izfl) gqbZ] tks jkBkSM+ jkto'a k dh lSfud lsok djrh jgh tSls & pkaikor] dqaikor] tSrkor] mnkor] djuksr] djelksr o ikrkor bR;kfnA10 jko tk/s kk ds i'pkr~ mlds mÙkjkf/kdkjh ds p;u eas Hkh lkeUrks a u s fo'ks"k Hkwfedk fuHkkbZ FkhA lkeUrks a us jko tkxs k dks v;ksX; ekudj mlds LFkku ij jko lkry dk s 'kkld cuk;k FkkA11 blh izdkj jko lwtk ds i'pkr~ lkeUrks a us ohje ds LFkku ij jko xkaxk dk s 'kkld cuk;kA12 jko xkaxk dk jktfryd tSrk ¼tk/s kk ds HkkbZ v[ksjkt dk iq=½ us Lo;a fd;k Fkk] rHkh ls मारवाड़eas jktk ds jktfryd dju s dh ijEijk cxM+h ds Bkdqj gh djrk FkkA13 lkeUrks a ds ;q) {ks= esa vrqY; 'kkS;Z dk izn'kZu ls [kq'k gksdj jktk tkxhjas iznku djrk Fkk] lSfud lsokvks a ds cnys feyh tkxhj ^^ewMa dVkbZ** dgykrh Fkh] ogha oSokfgd laca/kks a ls izkIr tkxhj ^^lkyk dVkjh** dgykrh FkhA14 bUgs a LFkkuh; ekjokM+h Hkk"kk es a ^^xuk;r** Hkh dgk tkrk FkkA15>kyk tSrk dh csVh Lo:ins dk fookg jko ekynos ds lkFk gqvk Fkk] blfy, jko ekynos us tSrk dks [kSjok xk¡o tkxhj es a fn;k FkkA dqN vU; jktirw nlw js jkT;ks a ls :B dj मारवाड़eas vk;sA tk/s kiqj 'kkld u s mUgsa tkxhj ns viuk lkeUr cuk;k FkkA jk.kk mn;flag dk Bkdqj ckyls k lwtk vius Lokeh ls ukjkt gksdj jko ekynos ds ikl vk;k] rc jko ekynos us mls dqN xk¡o tkxhj es a fn;s FksA16 ekjokM+ eas ekykuh ds lkeUrks a dh ,d i`Fkd Js.kh FkhA jko eYyhukFk ds uke ij izns'k dk uke ekykuh iM+kA eYyhukFk vkSj mlds HkkbZ tSreky ds oa'kt ekykuh ds ljnkj FksA buds ik¡p eq[; fBdkuks a eas ls tlksy] ckM+esj o fl.knjh ds fBdkus eYyhukFk ds oa'ktks a ds ikl jgs vkSj uxj rFkk x<k+]tSreky ds oa'ktks a ds FksA ekjokM+ ds Bkdqj] ekjokM+ ds 'kkld dks ukeek= dk gh dj nrs s Fks] ijUrq vko';drk iM+us ij os viuh lsuk lfgr egkjktk dh lsok eas mifLFkr gks tk;k djr s FksA17 lkeUrks a dh ,d vU; Js.kh Hkksfe;k jktirw ks a dh FkhA mUgs a lhekUr {ks= dh j{kk ds fy;s ,oa fo'ks"k lsok ds fy;s xk¡o] tkxhj es a fn;s tkr s FksA os ,d NksVh jde ^^QkSt cy** ;k ^^f[kpjh ykx** ds :i es a 'kkld dks nrs s FksA tk/s kiqj eas lkapksj {ks= ds pkSgku vf/kdrj blh oxZ ds tkxhjnkj Fks] tks Hkksfe;k tkxhjnkj dgykrs FksA18 blds vfrfjDr Hkksfe;k uked ,d vU; Js.kh dk Hkh mYys[k feyrk gS] ftldk ijEijkxr :i ls tkxhj ij vf/kdkj gksrk Fkk] tks oa'kkuqxr Hkh gksrk FkkA og Lo;a ds ckgqcy ls vf/kd`r Hkwfe dk Lokeh gksrk FkkA og d`f"k Hkwfe dk fu%'kqYd Hkksx ¼Hkksehpkj½ Hkh dj 19 ldrk FkkA Hkksfe;k Hkwfe mlh dks feyrh Fkh] ftlus jkT; dh dbZ rjg ls lsok dh gksA Hkksfe;k dk vfuok;Z dÙkZO; Fkk xk¡o] lM+dks a ,oa dks"k dh lqj{kk djuk ,oa tc rd os viu s dÙkZO; dk ikyu djr s Fks] mudk Hkwfe ij vf/kdkj cuk jgrk FkkA buls jkT; ukeek= dk gh dj yrs k Fkk] ftldks ^^Hkkse cjkV** ;k ^^Hkkse ckc** ;k ^^Hkkse cko** dgk tkrk FkkA20 viu s ckgqcy ls foftr Hkwfe lokZf/kd tkyksj ijxus eas Fkh] tks ^^tksjryc** dgykrh Fkh] ftuds xk¡oks a dh dqy la[;k 106 crkbZ xbZ gSA21 [ksr ;k dqvk¡ tk s njckj ls fdlh dks fn;k tkrk Fkk] mls ^^Hkkse** dgr s FksA ;g nks izdkj dh gksrh Fkh ,d rks ^^ewMa dVh** dh Hkkse vkSj nlw jh ^^ekQh dh Hkkse**A eawM dVh dh Hkkse eas dqN Hkh yxku ¼Hkkse ckc½ ugh a fy;k tkrk Fkk] D;ksfad muds iwoZt jkT; ds fy, cfynku ns pqds gksrs Fks] nlw jh ekQhnkj Hkkse gksrh Fkh] tks fdlh izdkj dh lsok ds cnys eas tSls & xk¡o dh j{kk djuk] tqjk;e is'kk yksxksa dk irk yxkuk] [ktkus ds #i;ks a ds lkFk llSU; tkuk vkSj nkSj s ij vk;s jktdh; vf/kdkfj;ks a ds igj s dk izcU/k djuk vkfn ds 22 ,ot es a nh tkrh FkhA jko tk/s kk ds le; ls tk/s kiqj jkT; eas lkeUrh; O;oLFkk viuk LFkk;h :i yus s yx xbZ Fkh o mldk Øe'k% fodkl Hkh gksus yxk FkkA lkeUrks a us jkT; dk;Z eas viuk opZLo dk;e djuk 'kq: fd;k rFkk jktk ds fy, mudh vogsyuk djuk laHko ugha FkkA lkeUrks a u s viu s ckgqcy o lsuk ds opZLo ls ekjokM+ ds mÙkjkf/kdkj fu;e eas Hkh gLr{ksi dju s yxs] rHkh ekjokM+ eas ,d dgkor izfl) Fkh & ^^fjM+ey Fkkfi;k ftdS jktk** vFkkZr~ jko j.key ds oa'ktks a dh lgk;rk ls gh ekjokM+ ds flagklu ij dksbZ vklhu gks ldsxkA jktk ds ikl futh lsuk dk vHkko rFkk mlds ikl cgqr de lsuk gksrh FkhA lkeUrks a dh lsuk gh jktdh; lsuk FkhA ;q) o vkØe.k ds le; es a jktk iw.kZr% lkeUrks a dh lsuk ij fuHkZj jgrk FkkA jko tks/kk ls yds j jko ekynos ds 'kklu dky rd lkeUrks a dk izeq[k dÙkZO; ;q) ds le; 'kkld dh lSfud lsok djuk gksrk FkkA ;s lkeUr Lokeh/keZ
  • 5. ,oa LokehHkfDr ds fl)kUr ls izHkkfor gksdj ge's kk jktk dh lSfud lsok ds fy, rRij jgrs FksA23 lSfud lsok ds cnys es a lkeUrks a dks xk¡o dh tkxhj iznku fd, tkr s FksA izR;sd lkeUr dks fn;s tkus okys xk¡oks a dh la[;k] mudh O;fDrxr ;ksX;rk vkSj 'kkld ds lkFk mlds laca/kks a ij fuHkZj djrh FkhA jko xkaxk ds le; gjnkl ÅgM+ }kjk ^^ydM+ pkdjh** dju s dk mYy[s k feyrk gSA mls 27 xk¡oks a lfgr dksj.kk dk iV~Vk Hkh feyk gqvk Fkk] yfsdu gjnkl ÅgM+ ydM+ pkdjh vFkkZr~ izfro"kZ jkT; es a fu;r ifjek.k dk bZa/ku dh iwfrZ djus dk dk;Z ugha djrk Fkk vkSj dsoy fo'ks"k voljks a ij 'kkld ds le{k mifLFkr gksdj eqtjk djds ykSV tkrk FkkA bl dkj.k mldh lsokvks a ls vlarq"V gksus ij jktk us dksj.kk dk iV~Vk] Hkk.k dk s ns fn;k FkkA vr% ml le; lkeUrks a dks lSfud dk;Z djus ds vfrfjDr vU; dk;Z Hkh djus iM+rs Fks] ,slk ugha dju s ij mudh tkxhj tCr Hkh gks ldrh FkhA24 ;q) eas egkjktk dh lSfud lgk;rk djuk ^^pkdjh** dgykrk FkkA 'kkld viu s lkeUrks a dks Lo;a dk leFkZd cuk;s j[ku s ds fy, mUgs a xk¡o ds iV~Vs nsrs Fks] tSls jko xkaxk us lsodh ;q) es a ;q) djrs le; fdlu pkaikor ds ?kk;y gksus ij mls nqukM+k xk¡o iV~Vs eas fn;k FkkA25 blh izdkj jko xkaxk u s dqaik Bkdqj dk s ,d yk[k dk iV~Vk nsdj viuk lkeUr cuk;k FkkA26 jko ekynos tSlk 'kfDr'kkyh 'kkld Hkh viuh lSfud {kerk ds fy, vius izeq[k lkeUrks]a tSrk o dwaik ij fuHkZj FkkA tc 'ksj'kkg lwj us lqeys fxjh ds ;q) eas Ny&diV ls mlds lkeUrks a eas QwV Mkyus dh dkfs'k'k dh vkSj mleas mls lQyrk Hkh feyhA tc jko ekynos dks ;g lekpkj feyk fd mlds izeq[k lkeUr 'ksj'kkg ls fey x;s gSa] rks og 'kh?kz gh j.k{ks= NksM+dj pyk x;k rFkk lqesy fxjh ds ;q) eas tSrk o dwia k 'ksj'kkg ds fo:) yM+rs gq;s ohjxfr dks izkIr gq;sA27 ohje ds iq= pw.Mk us e.Mksj ij vf/kdkj dj jkBkSM+ 'kfDr dks iqu% LFkkfir gksus dk ,d volj izkIr gqvkA bl izlax esa ;g dgkor izpfyr gks xbZ fd & ^^ekyjs k e<S+ u s ohje jk x<S+** vFkkZr~ eYyhukFk ds oa'kt NksVs e<+S;ks a es a jgus yxs o ohjenos ds oa'kt x<k+s a ¼nqxksZa½ eas jgus yxsA28 jko tk/s kk u s viuh iSr`d lEifÙk dk s gLrxr djus ds mijkUr mls foLrkfjr dju s dk iz;kl fd;k] ftlesa mls vk'kkrhr lQyrk feyhA bl izdkj jko tks/kk ds le; jkBkSM+ jkT; ,d fuf'pr Lo:i yus s yxk vkSj blh ds lkFk ,d foLr`r jkT; dh lqj{kk ds fy, lkeUr'kkgh ds lkFk lSU; O;oLFkk Hkh vkdkj yus s yxhA uSfrd n`f"V ls lkeUr lSU; vko';drk ds fy, jktk dh lgk;rk dju s ds fy, ck/; FksA lkeUr jktk ds vfLrRo ij iw.kZr% fuHkZj FksA jktk gS rks] lkeUr dk vfLrRo dk;e jg ldrk Fkk] blfy, lkeUr ge's kk vkUrfjd o cká lqj{kk ds fy, rRij o ltx jgrk FkkA 'kkld ds lkFk mUgs a Hkh 'kklu dk;Z eas fgLlk feyrk FkkA29 jktk ftu yksxksa dk s tkxhj fn;k djrk Fkk] muls lsok izkIr djrk FkkA og lsok lSfud lsok ds vfrfjDr vU; izdkj dh Hkh gks ldrh FkhaA lSfud lsok rks izR;sd Bkdqj djrk Fkk] mlds vfrfjDr vU; izdkj dh lsok,a Hkh djrs FksA jko tks/kk ds le; eas mlds HkkbZ&iq=ks a u s feydj dbZ ,sl s {ks= thr]s ftu ij igy s iwoZorhZ fdlh Hkh jkBkSM+ 'kkld dk dksbZ vf/kdkj ugh a FkkA ,sl s {ks= jko tk/s kk u s mu {ks=ks a ds fotsrkvks a ds gh vf/kdkj eas jgus fn;sA30 ;gh O;oLFkk eos kM+ vkSj tSlyejs eas Hkh izpfyr FkhA31 iwxy ds Lokeh jko dsYg.k ds ikS= vkSj pkpk ds iq= j.k/khj dks HkkbZ&caV es a njs koj feyk FkkA blh izdkj jko oSjly ds iq= tkxk;r dk s HkkbZ&caV eas dsgjksj feyk FkkA jko 'ks[kk dsYg.kksr HkkVh ds oa'ktks a eas lkjk {ks= caV x;k FkkA32 blds cnys eas ;s HkkbZ vkSj iq= Hkh jkT; dh lsok djr s FksA blds vfrfjDr vU; oa'kh; jktirw vkSj vU; tkfr;ks a ds yksxks a dks Hkh 'kkldh; lsok ds cnys es a tkxhjas nh tkrh Fkh] ijUrq rc izk;% ;g lkjh dk;Zokgh ekSf[kd vkns'kks a ls gh gksrh Fkh] ijUr q jko ekynos ds 'kkludky eas bl lkeUrh 'kklu laxBu esa ifjorZu gksus yxk vkSj jkT; ds dsUnzh; 'kklu dk s vf/kd lcy cuku s ds iz;Ru gq;sA ;gh ugha jko ekynso ds le; es a tkxhjks a ds iV~V s nus s dh ijEijk Hkh izkjEHk gks x;h FkhA मारवाड़jkT; dh lSU; O;oLFkk % iV~Vsnkjh izFkk ¼1532&1818 bZ-½ vkjfEHkd e/;dky es a lSU; iz.kkyh izkphu i)fr ij gh laxfBr FkhA rdq kas Z ds vkØe.k ds le; jkBkSM+ lsuk dh detksjh ,oa fiNM+kiu Li"V fn[kkbZ nrs k gSA Hkkjr eas eqxy lkezkT; ds LFkkiuk ds lkFk gh jktirw kuk dh ijEijkxr lSU; O;oLFkk tks lkeUrh; O;oLFkk ij iw.kZ :i ls fuHkZj Fkh] esa vkeyw pwy ifjorZu gksus yxsA eqxyks a dh eulcnkjh O;oLFkk u s मारवाड़dh lSU; O;oLFkk dks izHkkfor fd;k vkSj vko';drk vuqlkj mleas ifjorZu djds mls vksj l'kDr cukus dh dkfs'k'k dh rFkk lsuk eas lkeUrks a }kjk miyC/k djkbZ tku s okyh lsuk ij Hkh fuHkZjrk de dh xbZA eqxy lkekzT; ds vUrxZr eulcnkjh O;oLFkk] tks lSU; O;oLFkk dk gh ,d :i
  • 6. Fkk] eas eulcnkjks a dks osru] uxn ;k tkxhj ds :i eas iznku fd;k tkrk FkkA eqxy eulcnkjh O;oLFkk u s jkBkSM+ks a dh HkkbZ&oar lSU; iz.kkyh dks izHkkfor fd;kA मारवाड़jkT; 'kfDr ij vk/kkfjr FkkA tk/s kiqj jkT; o lsuk ,d nwlj s dh iwjd FkhA leLr मारवाड़ds lSU; laxBu dks tkfr O;oLFkk u s izHkkfor fd;kA ftl izdkj leLr मारवाड़jkT; fofHkUu bdkb;ks a eas foHkDr Fkk] mlh izdkj jkT; dh lEiw.kZ lsuk Hkh bdkb;ks a eas foHkDr FkhA izR;sd lSU; bdkb;k¡ Bkdqjks a ds v/khu gqvk djrh Fkh] tks viuh lsuk ds lsukifr gksrs FksA jko ekynos ds le; tSrk] dwaik] i`Fohjkt] uxk Hkkjeyksr blh izdkj viuh tkxhjks a vkSj lsuk ds iz/kku FksA33 Lo;a jktk ds vf/kdkj eas Hkh futh lsuk jgrh Fkh] ij laHkor% jko ekynos ds le; og vf/kd l'kDr ugh a jgh gksxh vkSj vf/kdka'k lsuk Bkdqjks a dh lsuk dk ,d=hdj.k ek= gh jgk gksxkA jkT; ij vkØe.k ds le; bl leLr lsuk dk ,d=hdj.k nks izdkj ls fd;k tkrk FkkA izFke lgk;rk ds fy, Bkdqjks a dks vkefa=r djds] ij blesa ;g vko';d ugha Fkk] fd vke=a .k ij lHkh Bkdqj] jktk dh lgk;rk djsA jko ekynos u s viu s 'kklu ds izkjfEHkd o"kksZa eas ekyk.kh] flok.kk vkfn ds Bkdqjks a dks QkSt ds lkFk pyus ds fy, vkefa=r fd;k Fkk] ij bUgksua s mldk lkFk ugh a fn;kA bl dkj.k jko ekynso dk s ckn es a bu LFkkuks a dk s vf/kd`r dj izR;{k vius vf/kdkj es a ykuk iM+kA34 lqeys fxjh ds ;q) ds le; jko ekynos ds ikl 80]000 ohj ;kS)k FksA tSrk o dwia k ljnkjks a ds ikl 12]000 ?kqM+lokj FksA lsuk dks ,d= dju s dk nlw jk lk/ku Fkk cyiwoZd Lor=a tkxhjks a dks vf/kd`r dj mUgs a vko';drk ds le; lsuk nus s ds fy, ck/; djukA jko ekynso us viu s le; esa blh izdkj lHkh Lor=a tkxhjks]a tSls & eMs +rk] flok.kk vkfn dk s vf/kd`r dj mUgs a lSfud lgk;rk nsus dks ck/; fd;kA 'k=q }kjk jkT; ij vkØe.k dju s ds le; jktk vius Bkdqjks a dh vkSj Bkdqj] viu s xzke Bkdqjks a dh lHkk cqykdj fopkj fd;k djr s FksA bl izdkj vkifÙk ds le; lkj s jkT; dh lgefr y s yh tkrh FkhA35 jko ekynos u s lkeUrks a ds lg;ksx ls ,d fo'kky lkezkT; dh LFkkiuk dh FkhA mldh fot; ;k=k eas pkaik o dwaik dk cM+k ;ksxnku jgk FkkA tk/s kiqj ds 'kkld viu s lkeUrks a dks lnSo izlUu j[kus dk iz;kl djr s FksA lkeUr jktk dh 'kfDr Fks] ijUrq 'kkld ds O;ogkj ls vizlUu gks tkus ij os jkT; ds fy, ?kkrd Hkh fl) gksrs FksA jko ekynos u s viu s dqN Lotkrh; lkeUrks a dks ukjkt dj fn;kA mls mldk nq"ifj.kke Hkqxrkuk iM+k vkSj 'ksj'kkg ds fo:) lqeys fxjh ds ;q) eas ijkt; dk lkeuk djuk iM+kA36 jko pUnzlsu ds 'kkludky eas Hkh lkeUrks a u s मारवाड़dh jktuhfr es a lfØ; Hkkx fy;k FkkA jko ekynos dh e`R;q ds i'pkr~ jko pUnzlsu mÙkjkf/kdkjh cu]s tcfd jke vkSj mn;flag cM+ s FksA jkT;klhu gksrs gh dqN lkeUr muls ukjkt gks x;sA37 ljnkj tSreky tSlkor] i`Fohjkt dwia kor] egs'k dwaikor vkfn u s jko pUnzlsu ds Hkkb;ks a dks muds fo:) mdlk;k] rc cM+ s Hkkb;ks a us viu s vf/kdkj dks izkIr djus dk fu'p; fd;kA मारवाड़ds lkeUr nks [kseks a eas c¡V x;sA dqN lkeUr jko pUnzlsu ds lkFk Fks] rks dqN us mlds fonzkgs h Hkkb;ks a dk lkFk fn;kA bl x`gdyg ds dkj.k मारवाड़jkT; dh 'kfDr {kh.k gqbZ vkSj eqxyks a dks मारवाड़eas gLr{ksi djus dk volj izkIr gqvkA jko pUnzlsu dh lsuk u s jke o jk;ey dks ijkftr dj Hkxk fn;kA pUnzlsu vkSj mn;flag ds e/; ^^ykSgkoV dk ;q)** gqvk] ftlesa nksuks a rjQ ls vusd ;ks)k ekjs x;sA38jko pUnzlsu fot;h gqvkA mn;flag dh vksj ls jkBkSM+ tkxs k lknkor ekaM.kksr] jkBkSM+ bZljnkl] vejkor eaMyk] jkBkSM+ ghaxksyk] urs kor irk] jkBkSM+ dY;k.knkl eglksr] HkkVh oSjhlky lkadsjkr] HkkVh t;ey] fryksdlh ijcrksr] eksdy xaxknklksr xkxfj;k jkBkSM+] [khaojkt vkieyksr vkfn ekjs x;sA jko pUnzlsu dh vksj ls vjM+dey pMwa kor dk ikS= jkBkSM+ y{e.kHkheksr ekjk x;kA39 pkank eMs +fr;k jko pUnzlsu dh vksj FkkAekuflag lksuxjk] j.klh Bkdqj ekaM.k th pkaikor] tSreky th tSlkor] jkoy e?s kjkt vkfn izHkko'kkyh ljnkjks a us bl ;q) esa jko pUnz lsu dh enn dh FkhA40 vf/kdk'a k eMs +fr;k ljnkj jko pUnz lsu ds fojks/kh Fks] blds vfrfjDr dwaikor] pkaikor] Ånkor vkfn Hkh iw.kZ :i ls mlds lg;ksxh ugha jgsA jko pUnz lsu ds lkeUr Hkh mlds nqO;Zogkj ls vizlUu Fks] vr% mls eqxy lsuk ls ijkftr gksdj मारवाड़ls Hkkxuk iM+k o eqxy lsuk dk मारवाड़ij vf/kdkj gks x;kA vr% eqxy 'kkldks a ds lEidZ esa vku s ls iwoZ jktk o lkeUrks a ds e/; vf/kdkjh ,oa lsod dk laca/k ugha FkkA jktk] tkxhjnkjks a ls Å¡pk ugh a le>k tkrk Fkk] cfYd jktk o lkeUr eas ijLij lekurk dk laca/k FkkA vr% dHkh&dHkh jktk dks fucZy n[s kdj mldh mis{kk Hkh dj ldr sFks] yfsdu tc मारवाड़ds 'kkld eqxy 'kklu i)fr ¼eulcnkjh O;oLFkk½ ds izHkko es a vk,] rc 'kkld ,oa lkeUr nksuks a gh eqxy ckn'kkg ds v/khu dk;Z dju s yxs vkSj jktk&lkeUr eas lketa L; VVw us yxkA ekjokM+ dk j{kd rks Lo;a
  • 7. eqxy ckn'kkg cu x;k] ijUr q ekjokM+ dh lsuk dk <k¡pk eqxy dky eas lkeUrks a ij gh fuHkZj FkkA ;g fLFkfr 18oha 'krkCnh ds e/; rd cuh jghA मारवाड़dh lsuk ,d rjQ ls fofHkUu lkeUrks a dh lsuk eas caVh gqbZ Fkh] ;q) ds volj ij gh lkeUr }kjk mUgs a ,df=r fd;k tkrk FkkA eqxy lEidZ eas vku s ds i'pkr~ मारवाड़jkT; eas HkkbZ&oar O;oLFkk dh txg ^^iV~Vsnkjh O;oLFkk** dh 'kq:vkr gqbZA loZizFke eksVk jktk mn;flag u s oa'kkuqxr :i ls nh xbZ tkxhjks a ls ^^is'kd'kh** ¼is'kd'k½ uked dj Hkh fy;k tkrk FkkA is'kd'kh og dj gksrk Fkk tks fdlh tkxhjnkj ds iq= dks tkxhjnkj dh e`R;q ds i'pkr ~ u;s mÙkjkf/kdkjh dk s utjku s ds :i es a nus k iM+rk FkkA ;g dj loZizFke eksVk jktk mn;flag }kjk मारवाड़ds lkeUrks a ij yxk;k x;kA bl izdkj ;g ,d rjg ls ^^mÙkjkf/kdkjh dj** FkkA ;g dj ugha nus s ij e`r lkeUr ds mÙkjkf/kdkjh ls tkxhj tCr dj yh tkrh FkhA lkekU;r% ;g tkxhj dh okf"kZd vk; dk rhu pkSFkkbZ Hkkx gqvk djrk Fkk] ijUrq lokbZ jktk 'kwjflag u s is'kd'kh dh jde tkxhj dh ,d o"kZ dh vk; ds cjkcj dj nh FkhA egkjktk vthrflag us jktjkts'oj dh mikf/k izkIr dju s ds i'pkr~ bldk uke ifjofrZr dj ^^gqDeukek** dj fn;k42] yfsdu tc vthrflag vO;Ld Fkk rc vkSjaxtsc u s मारवाड़ij vf/kdkj dj mls [kkylk dj fn;k] fQj Hkh ekjokM+ dh iztk vkSj lkeUr egkjktk dks vkfFkZd lg;ksx djrs jgrs FksA vthr flag ds tk/s kiqj ij iqu% vf/kdkj dj yus s ds i'pkr~ ;g jde ^^rkxhjkr** ds uke ls gqDeukek ds lkFk olwy dh tku s yxh FkhA egkjktk fot;flag ds le; ejkBks a ds minzoksa dk s ncku s ds fy, vf/kd /ku dh vko';drk iM+h] rc bl dj dh jde nksxquk dj nh xbZ FkhA egkjktk Hkheflag ds nhoku fla?koh tks/kjkt u s blds lkFk ^^eqrln~nh&[kpZ** uked ,d dj vksj yxk;k FkkA ;fn tkxhjnkj dh fu%larku e`R;q gks tkrh Fkh rks mldk nÙkd iq= Hkh ml tkxhj dks izkIr dj ldrk Fkk] ijUrq mls lkekU; ls vf/kd jkf'k ^^gqDeukek** ds :i es a nsuh iM+rh FkhA43 eqxyks a ds lEidZ es a vku s ds i'pkr~ jktk 'kwjflag u s tkxhjnkjks a ls mudh tkxhj ds cnys ^^js[k**44 uked okf"kZd dj yus k izkjEHk fd;kA bl izdkj ckn'kkg vdcj ds le; eas gh ^^tkxhj** vkSj ^^js[k** 'kCnks a dk izpyu gqvk Fkk] ftls मारवाड़ds 'kkldkas us Hkh viuk;kA ;|fi ml le; j[s k dh jkf'k fuf'pr ugh a Fkh] ifjfLFkfr;ks a ds vuqlkj blesa mrkj&p<+ko vkrk jgrk FkkA j[s k dk fglkc j[ku s ds fy, bls nks :iks a eas fy[kk tku s yxk & izFke ^^iV~Vk j[s k** o f}rh; ^^Hkjr js[k**A iV~Vk j[s k tkxhj dh dqy okf"kZd vk; n'kkZrh Fkh vkSj Hkjr j[s k mldk ,d Hkkx Fkk tks jktdks"k eas tek gksrk FkkA45 tkxhjnkjks a dks viu s 'kkld ds v/khu jgdj ekjokM+ ds ckgj eqxyks a ds fy, ;q) djuk iM+rk Fkk] vr% tkxhjnkjks a ls fdlh vU; izdkj dk dj ugha fy;k tkrk FkkA ;gk¡ ;g dguk gksxk fd ml le; jktirw ljnkjks a dks tkxhjs a nus s dk eq[; dkj.k ;gh Fkk fd os egkjktk ds lkFk izR;sd ;q) eas Lo;a Hkkx ysdj mldh lgk;rk djsA fdlh tkxhjnkj }kjk jkt njckj es a jgdj fcuk fdlh izdkj ds osru ds dh xbZ lsok dk s Hkh LFkkuh; Hkk"kk esa ^^pkdjh** dgk tkrk FkkA dqN izeq[k lkeUrks a dks pkdjh ls eqfDr fey tkrh Fkh] ijUr q mUgs a fo'ks"k voljks a ij njckj eas mifLFkr gksuk iM+rk FkkA blds fy, jktk viu s lkeUrks a dks [kkl&:Ddk Hkstdj njckj es a mifLFkr gksus ds fy, vkeaf=r djrk FkkA fdlh Hkh lkeUr dk s [kkl&:Ddk Hkstuk ,d fo'ks"k lEeku lwpd ekuk tkrk FkkA ;fn bl izdkj dk :Ddk feyu s ds i'pkr~ Hkh dksbZ lkeUr jkt njckj eas mifLFkr ugha gksrk Fkk rks mls jktnzksgh le>k tkrk Fkk] ftldk mls mfpr n.M feyrk FkkA46 jko ekynos ds ngs kUr ¼1562 bZ-½ ds dqN le; ckn tk/s kiqj ij eqxyks a dk vf/kiR; gks tku s ds QyLo:i tk/s kiqj jkT; dk vfLrRo gh lekIr gks x;kA ;g fLFkfr yxHkx 20 o"kksZa rd cuh jghA eksVk jktk mn;flag ¼1583&1595 bZ-½ dks मारवाड़fn;s tku s ij मारवाड़jkT; eas iqu% jkBkSM+ lÙkk LFkkfir gqbZ] yfsdu eqxy v/khurk es a eqxy 'kklu dh vf/kdk'a k iz'kklfud o lSU; O;oLFkk tk/s kiqj jkT; eas LFkkfir gks pqdh FkhA blh ds QyLo:i jko tks/kk }kjk LFkkfir ^^HkkbZ&oar** ds LFkku ij ^^iV~Vsnkjh O;oLFkk** izkjEHk dh xbZA lkeUrks a vkSj vU; iz'kklfud vf/kdkfj;ks a dk s jkT; dh lSfud ;k vlSfud lsok ds cnys eas jkT; dh vksj ls fuf'pr vk; dh tkxhj dk iV~Vk iznku fd;k tku s yxkA iV~V s eas bl ckr dk Li"V :i ls o.kZu gksrk Fkk fd fdru s ?kqM+lokj] 'kqrqj lokjks a ls jkT; o jkT; ds ckgj pkdjh djuh gksxhA j[s k ds vk/kkj ij ?kqM+lokj rFkk 'kqrqj lokj dk fu/kkZj.k fd;k tkrk FkkA lkeUrks a dks jkT; dh lSU; lsok ds cnys eas tkxhj dk iV~Vk fn;k tkrk Fkk] ysfdu fdlh dkj.k fo'ks"k ij jkT; dh lsok ds fcuk Hkh tkxhj ds iV~Vs fn, tkr s FksA47 iV~Vsnkjh O;oLFkk u s lkeUr ds vf/kdkj o fLFkfr dks gh cny fn;kA iqjkuh lkeUrh; O;oLFkk ^^HkkbZ&oar** ;k ^^HkkbZ&caV** ij vk/kkfjr Fkh] mldh txg lkeUrks a es a inlksiku dh Js.kh fu/kkZfjr dh xbZA jkBkSM+ ljnkjks a us uohu
  • 8. iV~Vns kjh O;oLFkk dk s lSU; lsok ds cnys Lohdkj dj fy;kA iV~Vk nrs s le; ljnkj ds dÙkZO; Hkh fu/kkZfjr fd; s x;sA bjQku gchc ds vuqlkj] tkxhj nks 'kCnks a t; $ xhj dk la;qDr :i gS] ftldk 'kkfCnd vFkZ gS jkT; }kjk iznÙk Hkwfe dk og Hkkx] ftlls izkIrdrkZ ¼tkxhjnkj½ ml Hkw&{ks= ls jktLo olwy dju s dk oS/kkfud vf/kdkjh gksrk gSA48 eqxydky eas ekjokM+ es a iV~Vsnkjh O;oLFkk eas uxn osru nus s dh vis{kk tkxhj ds :i eas osru nus s dk izpyu FkkA oLrqr% tkxhj 'kCn eqxy izHkko dh nsu gSA tk/s kiqj jkT; eas xk¡o iV~Vs es a nus s dk mYy[s k feyrk gSA tkxhjnkjks a dks izkIr iV~Vs ds xk¡o eq[;r% nks izdkj ds gksrs Fks & pkdjh dk iV~Vk o xSj pkdjh dk iV~VkA pkdjh dk iV~Vk ljnkjks a dks lSU; lsok o iz'kklfud lsok ds cnys fn;k tkrk Fkk] ;s vLFkk;h iV~Vs gksrs Fks] ftldk lsokvks a ¼pkdjh½ ds lkFk laca/k gksrk FkkA mls ^ru[okg+ tkxhj* Hkh dgr s FksA tc rd iV~Vsnkj lsok es a jgrk Fkk] xk¡o iV~Vs ds :i eas miHkksx djrk FkkA lsok ls gVrs gh mldk xk¡o tCr dj fy;k tkrk FkkA49 lkekU; :i ls tkxhjnkj dk s osru uxn ugh a fn;k tkrk Fkk] mldk osru tkxhj ls izkIr gksus okyh Hkw&jktLo ls lekfgr fd;k tkrk FkkA iV~Vk ge's kk jktk }kjk osru ds cny s iznku fd;k tkrk FkkA jkT; dh ge's kk dkfs'k'k jgrh Fkh fd iznÙk iV~V s ls izkIr Hkw&jktLo o osru eas lekurk gksA50 lkekU;r% osru dk fu/kkZj.k o iV~Vs eas mYyfs[kr jde ,d leku gksuh pkfg,A dHkh&dHkh iV~V s eas mYyfs[kr jkf'k o fu/kkZfjr jkf'k xk¡o ls olwyh tku s okyh jkf'k de gksrh Fkh] rks bldh {kfriwfrZ ds fy, iV~Vsnkj dk s uxn jkf'k nh tkrh Fkh] mls ^^ryc jkf'k** dgr s FksA ryc jkf'k ge's kk uxn nh tkrh Fkh] tc rd vfrfjDr iV~Vk iV~Vsnkj dks ugh a fn;k tkrk gksA iV~Vsnkj dks Hkw&jktLo de feyu s ij vfrfjDr iV~Vk vkoafVr fd;k tkrk Fkk] tks ryc jkf'k ds cjkcj gksrk FkkA izR;sd xk¡o ls izkIr j[s k jkf'k] iV~V s eas fu/kkZfjr osru ds cjkcj gksrh FkhA tc iV~Vk fu/kkZfjr ;k iznku fd;k tkrk Fkk] rks mleas leLr lwpuk,¡ fyfic) dh tkrh Fkh] rkfd iV~Vsnkj dk s j[s k pkdjh ds lkFk vU; dÙkZO;ks a dk /;ku jgsA mldh ,d izfrfyfi ;k udy iV~Vsnkj dk s Hkh nh tkrh Fkh ;k Hksth tkrh FkhA mleas iV~Vsnkj ds dÙkZO;ks a o vf/kdkjks a dk fof/kiwoZd mYy[s k gksrk FkkA51 iV~Vk fo'ks"k ifjfLFkfr;ks a eas Hkh iznku fd;k tkrk FkkA iV~Vns kj dks tk/s kiqj jkT; dh lhek ds vUnj o jkT; ds ckgjh lhek ij lSU; lsok djuh iM+rh FkhA iV~Vsnkj }kjk j[ks tku s okys inkih lsuk] v'o lsuk] 'kqrqj lsuk] mldh osru o Js.kh ij fuHkZj djrh FkhA eqagrk uS.klh jh [;kr ds vuqlkj] 1000 #i;s dh j[s k ij iV~Vsnkj dks ,d ?kqM+lokj j[kuk iM+rk FkkA ;g j[s k c<+us ij mlh vuqikr eas ?kqM+lokjks a dh la[;k iV~Vsnkj }kjk Lor% gh c<k+;h tkrh FkhA52 esM+rk ds jkBkSM+ igkM+ flag ds iq= jruflag dk s 4000 #i;s dh js[k dk iV~Vk fn;k x;k Fkk] mlh ds vuq:i mlus pkj ?kqM+lokjks a dh O;oLFkk dj j[kh FkhA53 blh izdkj gsejkt ds iq= izseflag pkSgku dks 2000 #i;s dk js[k dk iV~Vk fn;k x;k rFkk mls ,d ?kqM+lokj j[ku s dk vkn's k Hkh fn;k x;kA bl izdkj ds fojks/kkHkkl m)j.kks a ls irk pyrk gS fd izR;sd 1000 #i;s dh js[k ij ,d ?kqM+lokj j[ku s dk fu;e dBksjrkiwoZd ykxw ugha fd;k tkrk FkkA jkoy Hkkjey o jkoy egs'knkl dks la;qDr :i ls 40]200 #i;s dh j[s k iznku dh xbZ] rc nksuks a u s egkjktk dk vkHkkj izdV dju s ds fy, 18]200 #i;s dh is'kd'kh iznku dh rFkk nksuks a }kjk 25&25 ?kqM+lokj Hkh HksVa fn;s x;sA nksuks a u s fu;fer vkoruZ ls i;kZIr inkfi dh O;oLFkk dhA ;g bl ckr dks bafxr djrk gS fd 40]200 j[s k ij tkxhjnkj dk s 50 v'olsuk dk s j[kuk iM+rk FkkA vxj ?kqM+lokj lsuk o j[s k dh jkf'k dk vuqikr fudkyk tk;s rks og yxHkx 1800 #i;s izfr ?kqM+lokj fu;r gksrh gSA tc tkxhjnkj dks ?kqM+lokj o 'kqrqjlsuk j[ku s dk vkn's k fn;k tkrk Fkk] rks mls 3500 #i;s dh j[s k iznku dh tkrh FkhA54 lkekU;r% 1000 #i;s dh j[s k ij ,d ?kqM+lokj j[ku s dh ijEijk FkhA mi;qZDr mnkgj.kks a ls irk pyrk gS fd lkeUr dks fn;s tku s oky s iV~Vs eas 1000 #i;s dh js[k ij ,d v'o lokj j[kuk iM+rk FkkA vxj jktk iV~Vns kj dk s vfrfjDr nkf;Ro fuoZgu ds fy, ugh a dgrk rks ;g O;oLFkk dBksjrkiwoZd ikyu djokbZ tkrh Fkh] ysfdu 'kkafrdky ;k ;q) dh vk'kadk ugh a gksus ij iV~Vsnkj dh ifjfLFkfr n[s kdj mles a Qsjcny Hkh fd;k tkrk FkkA ,d vksj iV~Vsnkj dks jktk ds fy, ?kqM+lokj j[ku s iM+rs Fks] lkFk gh mls 'kqrqj lsuk o inkfi lsuk Hkh j[kuh iM+rh FkhA ledkyhu miyC/k lk{;ks a ds vHkko es a ;g mYyfs[kr djuk efq'dy gS fd ,d iV~Vsnkj 1000 #i;s dh j[s k ij fdrus 'kqrqj lsuk o inkfi lsuk j[krk FkkA ledkyhu [;krks a ls irk pyrk gS fd v'olsuk] 'kqrqj lsuk] iSny lsuk j[kus ds fy, iV~Vsnkj dks tk s j[s k dh jkf'k nh tkrh Fkh
  • 9. og fuf'pr dh xbZ tSls & 1000 #i;s] 700 #i;s o 500 #i;s dh j[s k ij Øe'k% ,d v'o lSfud] ,d 'kqrqj lSfud o ,d inkfi lSfud j[kuk iM+rk FkkA55 lkeUr }kjk jktk dks fu/kkZfjr is'kd'kh dh jkf'k nsus ij mls 'kqrqj o vU; i'kqvks a ds j[kj[kko ls eqfDr fey tkrh FkhA मारवाड़dh iV~Vns kjh O;oLFkk] eqxyks a dh eulcnkjh O;oLFkk dk foLrkj :i Fkk] ftleas vkdfLed vkink ij gh eulcnkj viuh Js.kh ds vuqlkj i'kqvks a dh O;oLFkk djrk FkkA tc tkxhjnkj dk s iV~Vk fn;k tkrk Fkk] rks mlls jktk vis{kk djrk Fkk fd og ,deq'r is'kd'kh iznku djsA ;g jktk ij fuHkZj djrk Fkk fd is'kd'kh dh jde uxn y s ;k ?kksM+ks a o Å¡V ds :i es a y s ;k nksuks a Hkh y s ldrk FkkA56 jktk is'kd'kh ysus ds ckn gh lkeUr dks iV~Vk iznku fd;k tkrk FkkA dbZ ckj lkeUr }kjk is'kd'kh dh jde nsus eas njs h dju s ij iV~Vk Hkh ckn eas gh fn;k tkrk Fkk] rkfd lkeUr is'kd'kh n s ldsA57 iV~Vk nus s dk fooj.k o is'kd'kh dk o.kZu cgh o foxr eas fy[kk tkrk FkkA ;g dguk eqf'dy gS fd j[s k] iV~Vk o is'kd'kh es a fdlh Hkh izdkj dk vUrj&lca a/k FkkA dHkh&dHkh is'kd'kh] j[s k dh vk/kh izLrqr dh tkrh Fkh] dHkh ;g jkf'k js[k ds cjkcj gksrh FkhA bl izdkj ds mnkgj.k eqf'dy ls feyrs gS fd is'kd'kh dh jkf'k] j[s k ls T;knk gksrh gksA jktk dks nh tkuh okyh is'kd'kh dh jkf'k lkeUr dh vk;] mitkÅ tehu o vU; vk; ds L=ksrks a dks e/;utj j[kdj ekaxh tkrh FkhA iV~Vsnkj dks viuh lsok,a ekjokM+ ¼n's k½ ds lkFk&lkFk] ekjokM+ jkT; ds ckgj Hkh nsuh iM+rh FkhA iV~Vk nsrs le; ;g 'krZ Li"V :i ls mYyfs[kr dh tkrh Fkh fd iV~Vsnkj n's k ls ckgj lSU; lsok nus s eas fdlh Hkh izdkj dh vkifÙk ugha djsxkA58 ;s 'krZ blfy, j[kh xbZ Fkh rkfd jkBkSM+ jktk] eqxy lkezkT; ds izfr dÙkZO; dk fuoZgu dj ldsA मारवाड़dk egkjktk ljnkjks a dks lSU; lsok ds fy, eqxy lsok ds fy, Hkstrk Fkk] rkfd jktk mudh tkxhj ij Hkh fu;a=.k j[k ldsA tc oru tkxhj ls ckgj iV~Vsnkj dks lSU; lsok ds fy, Hkstk tkrk Fkk] rks iV~Vsnkj ds osru eas vYidkyhu vko';drkuqlkj o`f) 59 dh tkrh FkhA bl vfrfjDr osru ds fy, iV~Vns kj dks ,d vfrfjDr tkxhj ekjokM+ jkT; dh lhek ds vUnj ;k ckgj vkoafVr dh tkrh Fkh] tgk¡ lkeUr dh fu;qfDr gksrh FkhA vxj iV~Vsnkj dks jkT; tkxhj nus s esa vleFkZ gS rks mls uxn osru fn;k tkrk FkkA60 iV~Vns kj ds osru eas vfHko`f) rc rd jgrh Fkh] tc rd iV~Vsnkj viuh tkxhj ls ckgj tkdj jkT; dh lSU; lsok dj jgk gks] yfsdu iV~Vsnkj ds okfil vius oru tkxhj esa ykSVrs gh iqjkuh 'krsZa ykxw gks tkrh FkhA oru tkxhj ls ckgj fn;k tkus okyk iV~Vk eulcnkj ds :i eas vkoafVr fd;k tkrk Fkk] ftls eqxy lezkV LFkkukUrfjr ;k jn~n dj ldrk FkkA iV~Vns kj dks tk s Hkh nkf;Ro lkSaik tkrk Fkk] og ljnkj dks iV~Vk nsrs le; fy[k fn;k tkrk FkkA tc jkoy Hkkjey o jkoy egs'knkl dks iV~Vk fn;k x;k rks mudks fgnk;r nh xbZ dh] os vU; fdlh Hkh izdkj dh ^lkl.k* ¼/kkfeZd Hkwfe½ iznku ugh a dj ldrAs blh izdkj fj.kNksM+ jkBkSM+ dk s tc iV~Vk fn;k x;k] rc Hkh dgk x;k dh tkxhjnkj jkT; dh vuqefr ds fcuk ^^lkl.k Hkwfe** iznku ugh a djsA bl izdkj dh lwpuk gqdwer&cgh eas ugha nh xbZ] bl cgh es a iV~Vk ds fooj.k iwjs ugha gSA egkjktk vthrflag ¼1707&1724 bZ-½ ds jktRodky eas tc lkeUrks a dks iV~Vk fn;k tkrk Fkk] rc lkeUrks a ds vf/kdkj Li"V :i ls mYyfs[kr dj fn;s x;sA61 fdlh iV~Vs eas ^^?kklekjh dj** dk Hkh mYy[s k fd;k tkrk FkkA fd'kuflag ds iq= vfjflag jkBkSM+ dks 1667 bZ- eas ¼fo-la- 1724½ 16]000 #i;s dk iV~Vk vkSjxa kckn eas fn;k x;k Fkk] rc mls ?kklekjh dj yus s dk vf/kdkj Hkh fn;k x;k FkkA62 iV~Vsnkj dks Hkw&jktLo bdV~Bk dju s ds vfrfjDr ^^ekydj** dk ,df=dj.k] ?kklekjh dj rFkk vU; djks a dks Hkh iV~Vs esa tksM+k tkrk FkkA iV~Vsnkj dks viu s vUrxZr vku s oky s xk¡o ds fj;k;k ¼fdlku½ ls dsoy Hkw&jktLo olwyh dk vf/kdkj fn;k x;k Fkk] og Hkwfe dk Lokeh ugh a gksrk FkkA Hkwfe ij vf/kdkj fdlku dk gh jgrk Fkk] ftls fdlh Hkh dky eas ifjofrZr ugha fd;k x;kA eqxy v/khurk ds QyLo:i fdlku] Hkwfedj tkxhjnkj dk s ugha nds j ^gkfde* dk s tek djokus yxs] ;g ifjorZu eqxy vkf/kiR; ds ifj.kkeLo:i nf`"Vxkspj gksus yxk FkkA gkfde] iV~Vsnkj ij vadq'k j[krk Fkk vkSj og iV~Vs xk¡o eas gLr{ksi Hkh dju s yx x;k FkkA eqxy izHkko dh otg ls jkBkSM+ks a es a iV~Vk gLrkUrfjr Hkh fd;k tku s yxk Fkk] mls ^^Qsj&cny&jk&iV~Vk** dgk tkrk FkkA63 bl izdkj ds iV~Vs eas jkf'k ,d leku gh gksrh Fkh] ysfdu vf/kdkjks a eas ifjorZu gks tkrk FkkA jkBkSM+ Hkxokunkl lqUnjnlksr ds ikl ^Fkkse xk¡o* dk iV~Vk] ftldh j[s k 6800 #i;s Fkh] 1662 bZ- es a mls Fkkse xk¡o dh txg cgnokl xk¡o iV~Vs ds :i es a vkoafVr fd;k x;k Fkk] yfsdu 1675 bZ- eas Fkkse xk¡o o vU; xk¡oks a dks [kkylk dj fn;k x;kA jkBkSM+ Hkxokunkl dk s mldh txg मारवाड़ijxu s es a ^^VIik dkMs suk** ftleas 23 xk¡o 'kkfey Fks] iznku
  • 10. fd;sA lkeUr dk iV~Vk rHkh gLrkUrfjr ;k [kkylk fd;k tkrk Fkk] tc lkeUr }kjk fdlh Hkh izdkj dh xyrh ;k pwd dh gksA dbZ ckj lsok,a vftZr ugh a dju s vFkok fdlh izdkj dk vijk/k djus ij Hkh iV~Vk tCr dj fn;k tkrk Fkk] tSls fo-la- 1817 eas egkflag tSrkor dks jos fM+;k xk¡o feyk] ijUrq pkdjh ugh a dju s ij fo-la- 1820 eas mn;flag pkaikor ds uke iV~Vk fy[k fn;k x;k FkkA64 jkBkSM+ lqtk.kflag ds iq= pq=Hkqt dk s lkstr dk ^^iaouMh ykyk** xk¡o feyk Fkk] mlu s viu s xk¡o ds pkS/kjh dh gR;k dj nh] vr% fo-la- 1718 eas iV~Vk rkxhj dj fn;k x;kA blh izdkj jkBkSM+ Hkkstjkt u s viu s Msjs es a pksjksa dks j[kk] vr% fo-la- 1724 eas mlds 65 iV~Vs ds xk¡o [kkylk dj fn;k x,sA Mqaxjksr dsljhflag ds iq= gjukFk dk fo-la- 1723 eas Åukyq ¼[kjhQ½ dh Qly ds le; ls 1500 #i;s dk iV~Vk fn;k x;k FkkA fo-la- 1727 eas tc og lkFky.ks ds Fkkus ij fu;qDr Fkk] rc iBku gqlSu [kk¡ ds ;gk¡ pksjh gks xbZ] rc og xk¡o [kkylk dj fn;k x;kA tc mlu s ^^rdlhj** ¼vijk/k½ ds cnys 400 #i;s fn, rc fo-la- 1728 eas mldk xk¡o ^^cjdjkj** dj fn;k x;kA jkT; fojks/kh xfrfof/k;ks a ds dkj.k Hkh iV~Vk tCr dj fn;k tkrk Fkk] ftls ^^xSj&pkdjh** ;k ^^xSj&cUnxh** dgk tkrk FkkA daVkfy;k ds jkBkSM+ izrkiflag }kjk fonzksg dju s ij egkjktk vthrflag u s mldk iV~Vk tCr dj gfjflag ds iq= :iflag ds uke dj fn;kA66 fdlh iV~Vsnkj ds lsok eas jgrs gq, mlds iV~Vs dk xk¡o [kkylk dj fn;k tkrk vFkok fdlh nwlj s dks vkoafVr dj fn;k tkrk vkSj rRdky mls dksbZ nlw jk iV~Vk ugha feyrk Fkk] rks ml vof/k eas mls jksdM+ #i;s feyrs FksA lkaoynkl mnkor dk s 8500 #i;s j[s k ds xk¡o izkIr FksA fo-la- 1718 eas ^rkxhj* dj uxn #i;s nus s dk izko/kku j[kk] 5000 #i;s dk iV~Vk nus s ij 3500 #i;s dh ^ryc* jgh vFkkZr~ mDr jkf'k ds xk¡o vkoafVr djus vFkok uxn #i;s 'ks"k jgsA blh izdkj Hkxokunkl mnkor dks 4000 #i;s ds xk¡o izkIr FksA fo-la- 1719 eas 67 rkxhj* dju s ij uxn #i;s fn, tku s yxsA iV~Vsnkjks a dks fn, tku s okys iV~Vks a ea s dbZ izdkj dh lwpuk,¡ ,oa 'krZs fy[kh gksrh Fkh] tSls iV~Vs dk xk¡o fdl O;fDr ls rkxhj dj fn;k vFkok [kkylk eas ls vkoafVr fd;k] jch ¼fl;kyq½ ;k [kjhQ ¼Åukyq½ dh Qly ls fn;k] fdru s ?kksM+ks a dh pkdjh djuh iM+xs h vkfn lHkh 'kras Z iV~Vs eas vafdr dh tkrh FkhA mnkgj.kkFkZ & dhjrflag jkBkSM+ dks fo-la- 1766 dkfrZd onh 12 tk/s kiqj eas 325 #i;s j[s k dk xk¡o fl/kiqjk] lkstr ijxu s dk iV~Vk vkoafVr fd;k x;kA ;g xk¡o fo-la- 1765 ls [kkylk eas Fkk] blfy, fo-la- 1766 eas [kjhQ dh Qly ls iV~Vk fn;k vkSj ,d ?kksM+ s dh pkdjh nhA68 iV~Vk i)fr dk v/;;u djus ls irk pyrk gS fd eqxyks a dh eulcnkjh O;oLFkk ds leku lkeUr dk iV~Vk rhu ;k pkj lky eas ugha cnyk tkrk FkkA izkjEHk eas iV~Vsnkj dks iV~Vk lkeUr dks thoui;ZUr ;k mldh eR` ;q rd iznku fd;k tkrk FkkA eulcnkj ds leku os vfuf'prrk ls njw jgr s Fks] D;ksfad mUgs a dHkh Hkh tkxhj ls oafpr ugh a fd;k tk ldrk Fkk] yfsdu eqxy izHkko ls lkeUr dh e`R;q ds mijkUr egkjkt dh bZPNk ij fuHkZj djrk Fkk fd iV~Vk mlds iq= ;k mÙkjkf/kdkjh dk s iznku djs a ;k ughaA iV~Vk iznku djr s le; ;g t:jh ugha Fkk fd mlds iwoZtks a }kjk iznÙk jkf'k dh ek=k mruh gh gksxh ;k c<k+dj iznku dh tk;sxhA lkeUr dh gSfl;r ;k in dk s n[s kdj iV~Vs dh ^^js[k** r; dh tkrh Fkh] ;g de ;k T;knk gks ldrh FkhA fofHkUu ijxuks a eas iV~Vs dh jkf'k vyx&vyx gksrh FkhA vthrflag ds le; iV~Vk vuqokaf'kd ugh a gksrs Fks] mUgsa dHkh Hkh [kkylk ;k LFkkukUrfjr fd;k tk ldrk FkkA ekjokM+ eas lkeUrks a dks tkxhj ds :i eas xk¡o] ,d gh VIis ;k ijxu s es a ugh a fn;s tkr s Fks] dHkh&dHkh ;s xk¡o izdh.kZ :i ls VIis ;k ijxuks a eas fn;k tkrk FkkA69 mnkgj.kkFkZ ds :i eas i`Fohjkt jkBkSM+ dks 12]400 #i;s dh j[s k dk ekjokM+ es a iV~Vk fn;k x;k] ftleas ls 5000 #i;s js[k ds pkj xk¡o मारवाड़ijxu s eas] 7400 #i;s j[s k ds pkj xk¡o eMs +rk ijxu s eas vkoafVr fd;s x;sA dqia kor fot;flag dks fola- 1714 eas j[s k 25]000 #i;s dk iV~Vk feyk Fkk] ftleas 13]000 #i;s ds 4 xk¡o ijxuk lkstr eas] 7000 #i;s ds 2 xk¡o ijxuk tSrkj.k eas fn;s vkSj 5000 #i;s ds 2 xk¡o o/kkjk eas jksgrd ds feys FksA bl izdkj ds dbZ mnkgj.k feyr s gSaA bl rjg dh O;oLFkk 'kfDr larqyu ds fy, o lkeUrks a ij fu;a=.k j[ku s ds fy, viukbZ xbZ FkhA lkeUrks a dks viu s iV~Vs eas vkarfjr Lor=a rk iwoZ eas izpfyr HkkbZ&oar i)fr ds vk/kkj ij feyrh jgh vkSj mUgs a vuoq kaf'kd :i ls iV~V s ih<+h&nj&ih<h+ feyr s jgsA iV~Vsnkjh O;oLFkk dh lcls egÙoiw.kZ fo'ks"krk mldk gLrkUrj.kh;rk FkhA fdlh iV~Vs ds xk¡o dks ^fBdku*s dk Lo:i iznku dju s es a ih<+h&nj&ih<h+ tkxhjnkj dk s la?k"kZ djuk iM+rk Fkk] tSls cxM+h dk fBdkuk jko tks/kk dh vksj ls vius HkkbZ v[ksjkt dk s fn;k x;kA70 blds i'pkr ~ Øe'k% iapki.k vkSj tSrk
  • 11. mÙkjkf/kdkjh gq,] 1544 bZ- eas lqesyfxjh ds ;q) es a tSrk ds izk.kksRlxZ ds ckn mlds iq= i`Fohjkt ¼fo-la- 1602&1610½ ds iV~Vs es a cxM+h fBdkuk jgkA blh izdkj i`Fohjkt ds eMs +rk ;q) eas ekjs tkus ij mlds iq= iwj.key ¼fo- la- 1610&1613½ ds iV~Vs eas cxM+h jghA rRi'pkr~ i`Fohjkt ds vuqt nos hnkl }kjk ;q) vfHk;kuks a eas fo'ks"k Hkwfedk fuHkkus ij iV~Vk ¼fo-la- 1613&1618½ mlds uke dj fn;kA blds ckn mlds iq= vkldj.k ¼fo-la- 1618&1639½ ds iV~Vs eas cxM+h jghA vuUrj i`Fohjkt ds iq= ck?k ds uke iV~Vk ¼fo- la- 1639&1644½ dj fn;k x;kA blds i'pkr~ iqu% vkldj.k ¼fo-la- 1644&1650½ ds iV~Vs eas cxM+h 71 lfEefyr dh xbZA blh izdkj izkjEHk eas cxM+h dk fBdkuk ih<+h&nj&ih<h+ oa'kkuqxr ugh a jgdj HkkbZ&Hkrhtkas dk s Hkh feyrk jgkA iV~V s dk xk¡o oa'kkuqxr ugha jgdj fdlh vU; O;fDr dk s Hkh fn;k tk ldrk Fkk] tSls fo-la- 1808 eas Qrgs flag tSrkor ds iq= lqjrka.k dks /koyjk xk¡o ¼3000 j[s k esa½ vkSj ekMiqjk xk¡o ¼500 #i;s j[s k½ dk iV~Vk fn;k x;kA ekMiqjk fola- 1809 es a rkxhj ¼okil yus k½ djds] lkaoynkl dPNokgk ds iq= tlk ds uke fn;k x;kA fo-la- 1813 eas /koyjs k xk¡o lqjrka.k tSrkor ds HkkbZ cSjh'kky dks vkoafVr fd;k x;kA72 blds ckn fo-la- 1819 eas /koyjs k xk¡o fgEerflag tSrkor ds iq= 'ksjflag ds uke fy[k fn;k] ijUrq fo-la- 1820 eas mls iqu% cgky dj cSjh'kky ds uke fd;k x;kA bl le; gqDeukek 400 #i;s 73 fuf'pr fd, x,A tkxhj eas o`f) Hkh dh tk ldrh Fkh] bl o`f) dk s ^^o/kkjk** vFkok ^^bZtkQk** dgk tkrk FkkA jkBkSM+ ldrk [ksrlh ds igy s j[s k fo- la- 1727 eas 2000 #i;s Fkh] fQj 1000 #i;s j[s k de dj nh] fQj 300 #i;s j[s k dk ^o/kkjk* fd;k] ftlds fy, j<h;ks a ¼Qyksnh½ xk¡o fn;k x;kA blds ckn iqu% 1000 #i;s j[s k dk o/kkjk gksus ij uxn 1000 #i;s fn, x,A74 blh izdkj ÅgM+ Hkxokunkl ds ikl fo-la- 1719 eas 6800 #i;s j[s k dk iV~Vk Fkk] ftles a 4300 #i;s dk ^bZtkQk* fd;k x;kA75 dqN tkxhjnkjks a dks tks pkdjh dju s eas vleFkZ ;k o`) gksus ij is'a ku Hkh nh tkrh Fkh & pkaikor lwjtey dk s fo-la- 1718 eas 20]000 #i;s dk 76 iV~Vk ^^?kj cSBk uq fn;ks** feykA ,d vksj tgk¡ tkxhj eas ,d ls vf/kd xk¡o iznku fd, tkrs Fks] ogha nlw jh vksj dsoy vk/kk xk¡o ;k xk¡o dk dqN fgLlk Hkh fn;k tkrk FkkA ;g lehdj.k tkxhjnkj dh ;ksX;rk ij fuHkZj djrk FkkA egkjktk fot;flag ds le; fo-la- 1841 eas vkbZnku jkBkSM+ dks ohjkokl dk vk/kk xk¡o 750 #i;s dh j[s k eas feykA77 fo-la- 1845 eas 'ksjflag jkBkSM+ dks xksMkaxMh dk vk/kk xk¡o 1000 #i;s j[s k ij fn;k x;k FkkA78 iV~Vk/kkjh dh vYik;q gksus ij mls pkdjh ls eqDr j[kk tkrk FkkA xksikynkl eMs +fr;k ftls j[s k 50]000 #i;s dk iV~Vk feyk Fkk] mls iz/kkuxh djus ds cnys eas ,d o"kZ ds 3300 #i;s vFkkZr~ 275 #i;s izfr ekg ls feyrs FksA blh izdkj mlu s ^o/kkjk* eas feys xk¡o ds cnys jksdM+ 7000 #i;s fy;s Fks] lkFk eas iksdj.k thr ds bZuke Lo:i 40]000 #i;s dk ^o/kkjk* Hkh bls feyk FkkA79 vr% vf/kdkjh viuh lsokvks a ds cnys uxn osru yus k vf/kd ilan djr s FksA iV~Vk iz.kkyh eas ;g O;oLFkk nf`"Vxkspj gksrh gS fd ,d iV~Vsnkj ds ikl ;fn ,d ls vf/kd xk¡o gS vkSj vxj dqN xk¡o dj eqDr dj fn, x, rks mlds vU; xk¡o tCr dj fn;s tkr s Fks] ftlls mldh vk; eas lketa L; cuk jgsA80 dHkh&dHkh nks iV~Vsnkjks a dk iV~Vk la;qDr djds mudks jktLo dk fgLlk cjkcj ck¡V fn;k tkrk FkkA egspk jkoy Hkkjey txekyksr vkSj jkoy egs'knkl irksr dks 40]200 #i;s dk iV~Vk ck¡V fn;k FkkA81 xk¡o rkxhj gksus ij nSfud osru] ftls ^^nhgkuxh** vFkok ^^jksthuk** Hkh dgk tkrk Fkk] dk Hkh izko/kku FkkA blh izdkj ds iV~Vs eas ;fn fdlh izdkj dh NwV gksrh Fkh rks og ^^fj;k;rh iV~Vk** dgykrk FkkA iV~Vs ekSf[kd :i ls Hkh fn, tkr s Fks] tSls xk¡o dka.kk.kks dk iV~Vk fo-la- 1808 es a nqxkZnkl ds ikS= fj/kdj.k dk s egkjktk ds gqDe ¼vkn's k½ ls feyk gqvk Fkk] ijUrq bldk iV~Vk ugha fy[kk x;k FkkA82 ^^HkkbZ&oar** O;oLFkk u s lHkh tkxhjnkjks a dks viu s {ks=ks a esa oa'kkuqxr vf/kdkj iznku dj fn;s FksA lHkh jkBkSM+ ljnkj viu s {ks=ks a ¼LFkkuks½a ds ek/;e ls vke yksxks a eas izfl) gq;s] tk s muds iwoZtks a u s foftr fd; s FksA ;s lHkh {ks= tgk¡ tkxhjnkjks a u s vius ifjokj ds fy, LFkkbZ fuokl LFkku cuk;k] og {ks= dkykUrj es a jkt/kkuh ds :i eas izfl) gq;sA ;s lHkh jkt/kkuh ;k xk¡o ^^fBdkuk** dgyk; s vkSj buds Lokeh fBdkusnkjA83 iV~Vsnkjh O;oLFkk us bu fBdkuns kjks a ds LFkk;h LokfeRo dks udkj fn;kA bu fBdkusnkjks a dh jkt/kkuh ¼uxj½ ;k xk¡o tgk¡ budk ifjokj iwoZtks a ls fuokl djrk vk;k Fkk] mudk s NksM+dj lHkh xk¡oks a dks LFkkukUrfjr dju s dk vf/kdkj iV~Vsnkjh O;oLFkk ls izkIr gks x;k FkkA jktk tloarflag ds le; xksfoUnnkl HkkVh ds iq= i`Fohjkt HkkVh dk s iz/kku cuk;k] rc mldks 40]000 #i;s j[s k dk iV~Vk fn;k] lkFk eas yosjk fBdkuk
  • 12. Hkh fn;k x;kA84 yosjk fBdkuk jko ekynos ds le; vkuUn HkkVh ds iq= fuca k HkkVh ds ikl Fkk vkSj mlu s viu s ifjokj dk LFkkbZ fuokl bls cuk;k FkkA fuca k dh eR` ;qijkar yosjk fBdkuk muds oa'ktks a dks feyrk jgkA jktk mn;flag ds le; eas yosjk fBdkuk xksfoUnnkl dks feyk ¼fo-la- 1640½] tk s jktk 'kwjflag rd pyrk jgkA egkjktk tloarflag ds dky eas xksfoUnnkl dh e`R;q ¼fo-la- 1677 bZ-½ mijkUr yosjk fBdkuk mlds NksVs iq= i`Fohjkt HkkVh dk s iV~Vs ds :i eas fn;k x;kA85 yosjk fBdkuk bl ifjokj ds ikl jgk] yfsdu T;"sBkf/kdkj dk fu;e ;gk¡ ykxw ugh a gqvkA yosjk fBdku s dks vuoq kaf'kd :i ls bl ifjokj dk ekuk x;kA fBdku s dk s ge's kk lkeUr ds osru ds cnys fn;k tkrk FkkA blh izdkj dk ,d vU; mnkgj.k lqjrku HkkVh ds lanHkZ eas feyrk gSA lqjrku HkkVh tks ekuk HkkVh dk iq= Fkk egkjktk mn;flag u s dsyok fBdkuk tkxhj ds :i eas fn;kA egkjktk xtflag u s lqjrku HkkVh ds iq= jkepUnz HkkVh dks dsyok fBdkuk tkxhj ds :i eas fn;kA egkjktk tloarflag ds le; jktflag dqia kor dk s vklksik fBdkuk o egs'knkl pkaikor dks vkmok fBdkuk oa'kkuqxr mÙkjkf/kdkj es a feysA tkxhjnkjks a ds fBdkuks a ds vfrfjDr iV~Vsnkjh O;oLFkk eas muds xk¡o gLrkUrfjr fd; s tkr s FksA tc rd fBdkuns kj jkT; dh lSU; lsok djr s jgsaxs] rc rd fBdkuks a ij ls muds vf/kdkj dk;e jgsA86 jkBkSM+ jktkvks a }kjk jkBkSM+ ljnkjks a o jktirw ljnkjks a dks muds fBdku s iznku djr s jgsA jktk ds ikl ;g vf/kdkj vo'; vk x;k Fkk fd fBdkuns kj dh eR` ;qijkar mlds fdlh Hkh mÙkjkf/kdkjh dks iV~Vk n s ldrk FkkA ;g Li"V gS fd tc rd fBdkuks a u s jktk dh lSU; lsok dh] muds iV~Vs tkjh gksrs jgs] jkT; us dHkh Hkh gLrxr ugha fd;As [;kr v/;;u ls irk pyrk gS fd jkBkSM+ ljnkjks a dks fBdkuks a ds vfrfjDr xk¡o iV~Vs eas vyx ls fn, tkr s FksA ;s fBdku]s fBdkuns kj dk s mudh ljkguh; dk;Z ds fy, jkT; }kjk fn;s tkr s FksA ftu lkeUrks a dks catj Hkwfe ¼futZu {ks=½ jkT; }kjk blfy, nh tkrh Fkh] rkfd Hkfo"; eas lkeUr ogk¡ tula[;k clk lds] lkeUr blds fy, iM+kslh ijxuks a o jkT;ks a ls d`"kdkas dks vkefa=r djrk Fkk rFkk ogk¡ mUgs a clkdj dbZ izdkj ds djks eas NwV nsrk FkkA bl izdkj ds fBdkuks a eas lkeUr dsoy jktk dk s ,d fuf'pr jkf'k nrs s Fks] bl izdkj iV~Vsnkj Hkh fuf'pr jkf'k gh nrs s FksA jkBkSM+ vtcflag dwaikor dk s lkstr ijxu s eas ^^vtcckjkxqM+k** fBdkus es a fn;k x;k] tk s vU; jkT; ds fBdkusnkj ds ikl FkkA vtcflag u s iV~Vsnkj ds :i eas 40 #i;s okf"kZd js[k nus k Lohdkj fd;kA jkBkSM+ fgEer flag jktkor dk s lkaHkj ijxu s eas ^xqM~Mks*a fBdkuk fn;k rks] mlu s jkT; dsk 380 #i;s j[s k dh okf"kZd jkf'k nsuk fuf'pr fd;kA bl izdkj okf"kZd lesfdr jkf'k fBdkusnkj jkT; dks nrs s Fks] mls ^^Hkqxr&Hkksx** dgk tkrk FkkA87bl izdkj ;g rks fu;r gS fd lkeUr dk s iVV~ k nrs s le; j[s k dks fuf'pr vo'; fd;k tkrk FkkA og xk¡o ds lalk/kuks a ij fuHkZj djrk FkkA fBdkuk ds vykok Hkh jkT;] lkeUr dks xk¡o nrs s Fks] tks muds Hkkse dk fgLlk gksrs FksA ekjokM+ eas Hkksfe;ks a dk s jkT; dh vksj ls iV~Vk ugha feyrk Fkk] cfYd os viu s ckgqcy ls Hkwfe gLrxr dj mldk fodkl djr s FksA tk/s kiqj dh LFkkiuk ls iwoZ jkoy eYyhukFk ds oa'kt egspk dk egsok {ks= vkSj tSreky ds oa'kt tSrekyksr ds xqM+k vkSj uxj fBdku s rFkk lkapkSj ds pkSgkuks a ds fBdku s fpryokuk] lwjkpUn vkfn ds fBdkuns kj jkT; dks j[s k ugh a nrs s Fks] cfYd os ^^QkStcy** vFkok ^^f[kpM+h ykx** dj gh nrs s FksA buls gqDeukek Hkh ugha fy;k tkrk FkkA jkBkSM+ j.key ds iq= gsejkt dks 1710 bZ- eas eMs +rk ijxu s ds rysM+k xk¡o eas 500 ch?kk tehu ds :i eas feyh] og dsoy 37- 44 #i;s 88 ¼37@7 #i;s½ ^Hkkse ckc* ds :i eas nrs k FkkA ,d vU; lkeUr dk s ikyh ijxu s eas ycM+ks a xk¡o eas11 ch?kk tehu] 3 9 #i;s okf"kZd dj ds cnys ^Hkkse ckc* nh xbZA ,d vU; lkeUr dks 440 ch?kk tehu dsoy 139-69 #i;s okf"kZd jkf'k ds cnys ^Hkkse&ckc* tehu nh xbZA bl izdkj mDr m)j.kks a ls Li"V gS fd Hkkse&ckc ds :i eas nh tkus okyh tehus a Li"V :i ls ifjHkkf"kr gksrh FkhA bl dk;Z ds fy, LFkkuh; ljdkjh deZpkfj;ks a }kjk Hkkse&ckc dh tehu dk lhekadu o eYw ;kadu djr s FksA iV~Vsnkj o Hkw&jktLo vf/kdkjh tSls iVokjh] dkjdwu] lkeUr ds fy, LokHkkfod :i ls fpfUrr jgrs Fks] fd muds vf/kdkj lhfer gh jgs rFkk os vU; {ks=ks a ij vf/kdkj ;k vfrØe.k rks ugh a dj jgsA Hkkse tkxhj dh Lohd`fr jkT; }kjk rHkh nh tkrh Fkh] tc Hkksfe;k lkeUr jkT; dk s fu;r jkf'k dk Hkqxrku djs] tks Hkkse&ckc ds :i es a tkuh tkrh FkhA ekjokM+ jkT; es a Hkkse&ckc jkf'k es a vUrj ;g n'kkZrk gS fd] blds fy, dksbZ ijEijkxr :i ls fu;r vkn'kZ dk iSekuk LFkkfir ugh a gks ldk FkkA blh izdkj
  • 13. iV~Vsnkjh O;oLFkk eas djks a eas fHkUurk FkhA ftu {ks=ks a eas flapkbZ dh lqfo/kk miyC/k Fkh] ogk¡ vflafpr {ks=ks a dh vis{kk j[s k T;knk fy;k tkrk FkkA89 ftu futZu {ks=ks a dk s Hkksfe;ks a u s vkckn fd;k Fkk] ogk¡ Hkh dj dh jkf'k dkQh de gksrh Fkh] dHkh&dHkh Hkksfe;k dk s Hkkse&ckc ls iw.kZr% eqDr dj fn;k tkrk Fkk] ;g rHkh laHko gksrk Fkk tc Hkksfe;k Lo;a ds lalk/kuks a ls futZu {ks=ks a dks vkckn fd;k gksA if'peh jktiwrkuk dk ;g {ks= ^Hkksfepkjk* dgykrk FkkA budk vf/kdkj oa'kkuqxr gh jgkA tkxhj ge's kk T;"sB iq= dks gLrkUrfjr gksrh Fkh vkSj dfu"B Hkkb;ks a dks thfodk ds fy, dqN {ks= feyrk Fkk] tcfd Hkksfepkjk ¼ciksrh½ lHkh iq=ks a eas leku :i ls foHkkftr gksrk FkkA90 Hkkse&ckc dh jkf'k dk fu/kkZj.k HkkSxksfyd ifjfLFkfr;ks a o vkfFkZd lalk/kuks a ij fuHkZj djrk Fkk] bl izdkj lHkh Hkkse&ckc Hkwfe dks fuf'pr fj;k;r izkIr FkhA lko/kkuh ls v/;;u dju s ls irk pyrk gS fd fBdkuk o Hkkse ds Lo:i dh Lohd`fr o vf/kdkj ,d leku FksA blh ds leku :i dk vuqnku jkT; }kjk fn;k tkrk Fkk] tks fofHkUu djks a ls eqDr Fkk] og ^^eq.MdVh** dgykrk FkkA ;g jkT; dh fo'ks"k lsok ds QyLo:i bZuke ds :i eas iznku fd;k tkrk Fkk] ;s Hkh ,d izdkj dh ekQh Hkwfe FkhA mi;qZDr Hkwfe;ks a ij oa'kkuqxr vf/kdkj gksrs Fks vkSj jkT; muds vkUrfjd ekeyksa eas gLr{ksi ugha djrk Fkk] tc rd jkT; muls larq"V jgrk FkkA91 fBdkuns kj o Hkkse ckc nksuks a viu s {ks=ks a esa MdSrh o vU; tqeZ dks jksdu s dk dk;Z rFkk ;kf=;ks a dh lqj{kk dh ftEesnkjh Hkh fuHkkrs FksA laxhu MdSrh iM+us ij QkStnkj vkSj dHkh&dHkh Bkdqj Lo;a lokjks a ds lkFk Mkdqvks a ds fo:) vfHk;ku es a tkr s FksA मारवाड़jkT; eas bls ^^ckgj p<+uk** dgr s FksA lkeUrks a dks ^^Hkfwe&pkjk&jk&xk¡o** Hkh fn;s tkr s Fks] bl izdkj ds xk¡oks a dh LFkkiuk jkBkSM+ ljnkjks a ;k jktdqekjks a }kjk dh xbZ FkhA dkykUrj eas muds mÙkjkf/kdkfj;ks a u s bu xk¡oks a dks laHkkyk] ^^Hkwfe&pkjk** xk¡oks a dks clku s dk dk;Z jkBkSM+ks a ds ekjokM+ eas vkxeu ds ckn gqvkA92 bl izdkj ds jktirw ckn es a ^lhfjoh* ;k ^fljoh* jktirw dgyk;As lkstr] tSrkj.k] lkapkSj ijxuks a ds vfHky[s kks a o uS.klh dh [;kr eas ^^Hkwfe pkjk** xk¡oks a dk mYy[s k feyrk gS] ftues a tula[;k dh clkoV jktirw ks a }kjk dh xbZA bu xk¡oks a dh ^gkfly jde* gh iV~Vsnkj }kjk pqdkbZ tkrh FkhA93 lkstr ijxu s ds ykMiqjk xk¡o ds fljoh jktirw ] cxM+h ds iV~Vsnkj dks dsoy 60 #i;s okf"kZd dj pqdkrk FkkA txeky ekykor ds ikS= dks 30 xk¡o] ^Hkwfe&pkjk* ds :i es a fn;s x;s ¼iksdj.k½A94 iksdj.k ds jkBkSM+] tks Hkksfe;k dgykrs Fks] mUgksua s dHkh Hkh jkT; dh lSfud lsok ugh a dh] u fo'ks"k yxku ;k dj fn;k o is'kd'kh] utjkuk Hkh ¼uyca/kh] lSU;dj½ ugha fn;kA jkT; }kjk midkj dju s dk dkj.k ;g Fkk fd bl izdkj ds xk¡oks a eas 'kklu djus oky s Hkksfe;k] jkBkSM+ dqy ls lacaf/kr FksA ;s {ks= ;k xk¡o ^tksj ryc* dgykrs FksA bu xk¡oks a ds v/;;u ls irk pyrk gS fd Hkksfe;k ifjokj ds yksx Lo;a d`f"k ¼[kqn&dk'rdkj½ djrs FksA bu Hkksfe;ks a ds iwoZt gh izFke mifuos'koknh Fks] blfy, ;gk¡ ls d`"kdks a ls Hkw&jktLo izkIr djus rFkk vd`"; Hkwfe dk s vkoaVu dju s dk vf/kdkj Hkh bUgha ds ikl FkkA blh izdkj ds fo'ks"kkf/kdkj dk miHkksx Hkhy] ejs o eh.kkvks a }kjk Hkh fd;k tkrk Fkk] oks Hkh Hkksfe;k FksA lkstr ijxu s eas 19 xk¡o ejs ks dks Hkkse tkxhj ds :i eas vkoafVr fd; s x;sA ;s os yksx Fks tk s jkBkSM+ks a ds vkxeu ds mijkUr {ks=kf/kdkj ds fy, jkBkSM+ks a ls fujUrj ;q)ks a eas gkjdj] mudh ijkf/kurk Lohdkj dj yhA bu ijkftr LFkkuh; tkfr;ks a dks ogk¡ cuk;s j[ku s ds fy, tk/s kiqj jktk }kjk mUgs a ^Hkkse tkxhj* iznku dh xbZ vkSj mUgs a ogh vf/kdkj iznku fd;s tks muds iwoZt miHkksx dj jgs FksA ^^Hkkseh&pkjk** xk¡o] Hkkse tehu ls fcYdqy vyx FkkA jktk HkwriwoZ oa'ktks a dks igpku dj mUgs a Hkkse vf/kdkj nrs k FkkA blesa jktk dsoy mUgs a fuf'pr {ks=Qy dk xk¡o gh Hkkse eas nsrk FkkA bl izdkj Li"V gS fd fBdkuk o Hkkse ds vf/kdkj ,d leku fufgr Fks] tSls nksuksa es a oa'kkuqxr i)fr FkhA nksuks a eas lkeUr] jkT; dks ,deq'r jkf'k nrs s Fks] yfsdu nksuksa eas dqN fHkUurk Hkh fufgr Fkh] tSls fBdkuns kj dk s viu s d`f"k {ks= dks foLrkj dju s dk vf/kdkj feyk gqvk Fkk] blls d`f"k ;ksX; Hkwfe tks fBdkuks a ds v/khu Fkh mldk foLrkj gqvk] nwljh rjQ Hkkse tkxhj es a d`f"k ;ksX; Hkwfe dk s foLrkfjr dju s dk vf/kdkj ugha FkkA bl izdkj dh jhfr eas fBdkuk o Hkkse eas fdlh Hkh izdkj ls u;s lkeUr dk mn~Hko ;k mRifÙk ugh a gks ldrh FkhA bl O;oLFkk es a u;s tkxhjnkj }kjk iqjkus fBdkunskjks a dks izfrLFkkiu ugha fd;k tkrk Fkk] cfYd bu fBdkuks a ds lnL;ksa }kjk Lo;a }kjk futh :fp jktk ds izfr fn[kkbZ tkrh FkhA ;g vuqeku yxkuk Hkh xyr gS fd iqjkus oa'kkuqxr fBdkuns kjks a u s iV~Vsnkjh O;oLFkk
  • 14. eas viu s iqjku s in&izfr"Bk] lSfud nkf;Roks a dks [kks fn;s FksA ,d v/;;u ds eqrkfcd iqjku s ljnkjks a tSls dqaikor] tks/kkor] pkaikor o eMs +fr;k vkfn jkBkSM+ ge's kk मारवाड़jktuhfr o lSU; O;oLFkk ds eq[;/kkjk eas jgs o iz'kklu ds lHkh {ks=ks a dks izHkkfor djrs jgsA ;g fujh{k.k fd;k x;k fd Hkkse ;k fBdkuk esa lkekU;r% xk¡o] xk¡oks a o iV~Vks a dks 'kkfey fd;k tkrk FkkA xk¡oks a es a tgk¡ fdlkuks a ds dqy] oa'k] ifjokj ,d leku Fks mUgs a Hkkse vf/kdkj Hkh ,d leku fn;s x;sA os ^[kqn&dk'r* vf/kdkjks a dk iz;ksx djr s FksA os {ks= tgk¡ fdlku d`f"k eas O;Lr Fkk] ogk¡ Hkksfe;k ljnkj eqf'dy ls gLr{ksi djr s FksA mls dsoy vius fgLls ¼gkfly½ ysus ls eryc gksrk FkkA bl izdkj dh ifjfLFkfr;ks a eas tehu ij ekfydkuk gd Hkksfe;k o fdlku ds e/; ijLij feys gq;s FksA bl izdkjds dgha Hkh mn~/kj.k ugh a feyr s dh Hkksfe;k us fdlh fdlku ls Hkwfe gLrxr fd;k gksA Hkksfe;k ds ikl fo'kky catj Hkwfe Fkh] ftl ij [ksrh ugh a gks jgh gks rks ogk¡ u;s fdlkuks a dks Hkwfe vkoafVr dju s dk vf/kdkj Hkksfe;k dk s dHkh Hkh ugha feykA bl izdkj ds vf/kdkj ge's kk tk/s kiqj jktk ds ikl gh lqjf{kr jgsA dkbs Z lkeUr ;q) {ks= eas yM+rk gqvk ohjxfr dk s izkIr gksrk gS] rks muds ifjokj dks thou fuokZg ds fy, iV~Vk feyrk Fkk] ftldk uke ^^thfodk** iV~Vk FkkA bl izdkj ds vuqnku eas u rks dkbs Z lkeUrh lsok gksrh Fkh vkSj u gh dksbZ dj nrs s Fks] ;s lHkh izdkj ds djks a ls eqDr gksrk FkkA mlds iV~Vks a eas c<k+srjh dsoy jktk }kjk mldh lsokvks a dk s n[s kdj gh dh tkrh FkhA bl izdkj ds iV~Vs jkfu;ks a o jktk ds laca/kh ¼jktoh½ dks Hkh nh tkrh FkhA95 dqN [;krks a eas bl ckr dk ladsr feyrk gS fd tc iV~Vk fdlh vU; 'kk[kk vFkok vU; tkfr ds O;fDr dks fn;k tkrk Fkk rks loZizFke mldks ^vey jh fpV~Bh* ¼vf/kdkj dju s dk i=½ nh tkrh FkhA vey dh fpV~Bh xk¡o ds pkS/kfj;ks a dks Hkh nh tkrh Fkh] rkfd os u, iV~Vns kj dh lgk;rk dj ldsAa96 tkxhjnkj dk mÙkjkf/kdkjh ;fn vYi vk;q dk gksrk Fkk rc Hkh mls ^vey jh fpV~Bh* Hksth tkrh FkhA97 vey jh fpV~Bh ,d vLFkkbZ i= gksrk Fkk] ftls mlh fnu fujLr Hkh fd;k tk ldrk FkkA98 bl izdkj u, iV~Vsnkj dks iV~Vk nsus ds i'pkr~ ^vey jh fpV~Bh* nh tkrh FkhA mlds mÙkjkf/kdkjh dks iV~Vk feyu s ij jktLo olwyh dh Lohd`fr gsrq ^lun* i= Hkstk tkrk FkkA egkjktk 'kwjflag ds 'kkludky eas jkT; dh 'kklu iz.kkyh iw.kZr;k eqxy 'kklu&O;oLFkk ij vk/kkfjr gks xbZA mldk ea=h HkkVh xksfoUnnkl 'kklu izca/k ,oa O;oLFkk eas vR;Ur iVq Fkk vkSj mlus eqxy 'kklu O;oLFkk dk v/;;u dj jkT; dh lSU; O;oLFkk o 'kklu iz.kkyh dk s fQj ls lqO;ofLFkr fd;kA bl ubZ O;oLFkk es a jktk dks jkT; ds vU; tkxhjnkj ,oa lkeUrks a ls Å¡pk fl) dju s dh dkfs'k'k dh xbZA vU; jktirw jktkvks a ds ln`'; 'kwjflag u s Hkh vius lkeUrks a ds lkFk mlh rjg dk O;ogkj j[kuk pkgk] tSlk eqxy 'kkld bu jktkvks a ds lkFk Lo;a j[krk FkkA eqxy eulcnkjh O;oLFkk dk egkjktk 'kwjflag ds le; eas gh lSU; O;oLFkk eas vuqdj.k o vuq'kj.k fd;k tkus yxk rFkk jktk tloar flag ds 'kkludky eas iV~Vsnkjh O;oLFkk] eulcnkjh O;oLFkk ls iw.kZr% izHkkfor gks pqdh FkhA jktk tloar flag ds 'kkludky es a मारवाड़jkT; dh 'kklu iz.kkyh iwjh rjg eqxy 'kklu O;oLFkk ij vk/kkfjr gks xbZ FkhA egkjktk 'kwj flag ds le; lkeUrks a dk dqN Li"V oxhZdj.k n[s ku s dks feyrk gSA xksfoUnnkl u s jktk ds iwoZtkas ds oa'k ds yksxks a dks mejko ¼lkeUr½ cuk;k vkSj muds dqjc ¼lEeku½ fuf'pr fd,A egkjktk fot;flag ¼1753&1793 bZ-½ ds le; eas ifjfLFkfr;ks a eas ifjorZu vk;kA vc lkeUrh; izHkko c<+us yxk Fkk vkSj eqxyks a ds iru ds QyLo:i ejkBk vkØe.k dk Hk; cuk jgrk Fkk] vr% mlus Lo;a dh lsuk xfBr dh FkhA egkjktk fot; flag dk izeq[k lkeUr nos hflag pkaikor ¼iksdj.k½ rks vfHkeku ds lkFk dgrk Fkk fd ekjokM+ dk 'kklu ^mldh dVkjh dh iM+ryh* esa jgrk gSA99 fo-la- 1813 ¼1757 bZ-½ es a ekjokM+ eas vdky iM+k vkSj nlw jh vksj ejkBk [kkukth tk/ko ekjokM+ jkT; eas minzo dj jgk Fkk] ijUrq egkjktk fot;flag vius lkeUrks a ds vlg;ksx ds dkj.k dqN Hkh dju s esa vleFkZ FkkA vr% egkjktk fot;flag u s vius /kk;HkkbZ txUukFk ds lg;ksx ls ,d oSrfud lsuk dk 100 fuekZ.k fd;kA bl izdkj ejkBk o fiaMkjh vkØe.k ds Hk; ds dkj.k ,d QkSt dk fuekZ.k gqvk] ftldh la[;k 12000 Fkh] ftlesa ls 4000 tkxhj lSfud Fks] tks ;q) ds le; gh cqyk, tkrs Fks vkSj vU; osruHkksxh lSfud FksA bues a eq[;r% ?kqM+lokj vkSj canqdph gksrs FksA101 bl izdkj मारवाड़jkT; eas lSU; i)fr dk lw=ikr gqvkA blls LFkkuh; lkeUrks a dk egÙo ?kVus yxk] mUgksua s bl lsuk dk fojks/k fd;k fdUrq
  • 15. egkjktk fot;flag u s Bkdqj nos hflag iksdj.k] dsljhflag jkl] N=flag vklksi vkfn dks volj ikdj bUgha osruHkksxh lSfudks a dh lgk;rk ls nqxZ eas canh cuk fy;kA ijUrq bldk vFkZ ;g ugha gS fd 'kkld dh viu s lkeUrks a ij lSfud fuHkZjrk lekIr gks xbZ FkhA bl LFkk;h lsuk ds vfrfjDr izR;sd lkeUr dks Hkh lsuk j[kuh iM+rh Fkh] tk s ;q) eas dke vkrh FkhA fdlh ckg~; vkØe.k vFkok vkUrfjd fonkzsg dks ncku s gsrq jktk vius LokfeHkDr lkeUrks a dks ^^ijokuk** Hkstk djrk FkkA igys jktdh; lsok eas lkeUrks a dh lsuk dk i`Fkd vfLrRo gksrk FkkA viuh lsuk dk usr`Ùo Lo;a tkxhjnkj djrk Fkk] yfsdu dsUnzh; lsuk eas lkeatL; cuku s ds fy, lkeUrks a dk s c['kh ds funsZ'kkuqlkj dk;Z djuk iM+rk FkkA102 tSls eMs +rk ij vkØe.k ds le; ¼1790 bZ-½ egknth flaf/k;k ds lsukifr Mh ckW; dk rksi[kkuk yuw h unh eas Qal x;k Fkk] rc ekjokM+ ds lkeUrks a egs'knkl dwia kor ¼vklksi½] f'koflag pkaikor ¼vkÅok½ vkfn u s c['kh Hkhejkt fla?koh ls rRdky vkØe.k djus dks dgk Fkk] ijUrq Hkhejkt u s lykg ugha ekuhA vr% lkeUr pkgrs gq, Hkh vkØe.k ugh a dj ik,] QyLo:i mUgs a ijkLr gksuk iM+kA iSny lSfudks adk dkjdwu n¶+rj jkT; dh vksj ls ?kqM+lokj vkSj iSny lSfud ixjuks a eas Hkh fu;qDr fd, tkr s Fks vkSj jkT; ds funsZ'kkulq kj fBdkuns kjks a dh lsuk Hkh j[kh tkrh FkhA ijxuks a ds ^dkjdwu n¶r+ j* eas ,sl s lSfudks a dh mifLFkfr ntZ dh tkrh Fkh vkSj lSfudks a dh igpku ds fy, iw.kZ fooj.k ^pgs jk cfg;ks*a eas vafdr fd;k tkrk FkkA yM+kbZ esa lSfud ds ekjs tku s ;k ?kk;y gksus dh fLFkfr eas mldh igpku dju s eas ;s lw= mi;ksxh fl) gksrs Fks] ogha lokjh ds ?kksM+ s dh igpku Hkh dj yh tkrh FkhA tkyksj dkjdwu n¶r+ j dh pgs jk cfg;ks a ls bl izdkj ds egÙoiw.kZ rF; Kkr gksrs gSa103&
  • 16. psgjk cfg;ks a ls Kkr lSfudks a dk fooj.k Ø- la- igpku vafdr djus dh fnukad ¼fo-la-½ lSfud dk uke o xk¡o tkfr lSfud dh vk;q 'kL= ?kksM+ s dh igpku v'o dh vk;q ?kksM+ s dk ewY; ¼#i,½ 1- iks"k onh 4] 1838 :iflag] dMrql.k tSrkor 28 canwd lqjxa ¼yky½ ?kksM+k & 100 2- iks"k onh 4] 1838 dkuk /kka/ky 24 canwd ?kksM+k dqesr ¼L;kgh fy, gq, yky jxa ½] cka;k iSj lQsn 6 80 3- iks"k onh 6] 1838 :iflag fllksfn;k 30 canwd ?kksM+k ihyk 4 40 4- iks"k onh 9] 1838 lq[kflag] lkfM;ks tSrkor 20 cjNh lqjxa ] nk;ka iSj lQsn 7 200 5- vklk<+ onh 2] 1848 c[krk nfg;k 50 canwd iSny & & 6- 1851 chje ¼xksnk dk ckl½ nfg;k 42 canwd iSny & & 7- 1853 tq>kjflag tSrkor 30 canwd ?kksM+h dqesr] iap dY;k.k 3 100 8- Jko.k onh 1] 1853 jkenkl] muMh ÅgM+ 48 cjNh ?kksM+h dqesr] vxyk ck;ka iSj vkSj fiNyk nk;ka iSj lQsn 8 160 9- Jko.k onh 5] 1853 fc'kuflag] pSuiqjk tSrkor 35 canwd ?kksM+h lqjax] iap dY;k.k nk;s a iwBs ij dqMa yh 6 100 10- Jko.k onh 6] 1847 eqdunkl] vklk.kks ÅgM+ 30 canwd ?kksM+h uhyh] iSj lQsn 7 350 11- Jko.k onh 1] 1856 ck?kflag] Fkkaoyk tSrkor 26 canwd ?kksM+h lqjxa 6 400 मारवाड़jkT; ds ijxuks a eas izHkko'kkyh dqyksa@[kkaiks a dh fLFkfr106 flokuk ijxuk 1- ckykor 06 12]200 2- txeky 05 7]000 3- Ånkor 01 6]000 tkyksj ijxuk 1- tks/kk 10 32]700 2- Ånkor 05 21]500 3- e.Mkor 08 18]400
  • 17. ;g Hkh irk pyrk gS fd मारवाड़ijxu s es a dwaikor ljnkjks a ds ikl {ks=Qy eas lcls cM+k iV~Vk Fkk] yfsdu vU; ijxuks a eas budh fLFkfr ,d leku ugha gksrh FkhA jkBkSM+ ljnkj [kk¡i ¼'kk[kk ;k mi dqy½ eas foHkkftr FksA [kk¡i okyks a dk s cgqr cM+k iV~Vk tkxhj] ijxuks a eas ugha nh tkrh FkhA nks ijxuks a es a ,d lkFk ,d gh [kk¡i dk vf/kdkj ugh a FkkA blls irk pyrk gS fd jkT; 'kfDr larqyu ds fl)kUr ls dk;Z djrk FkkA ljnkjks a dk s ,d gh txg ijxuks]a VIiks]a xk¡oks a eas dsfUnzr gksus dk ekSdk ugha fn;k tkrk Fkk] blhfy, ^njks&cLr&tkxhj* oa'kkuqxr tkxhjnkjks a dks vkoafVr ugh a dh tkrh FkhA os jkBkSM+ dqy ds iV~Vsnkj ftuds ikl 100 ls 1000 #i;s j[s k dk iV~Vk gksrk Fkk] mudh la[;k ux.; gksrh FkhA jkBkSM+ iV~Vsnkjks a eas dwaikor o pkaikor jkBkSM+ ljnkjks a ds ikl iV~Vsnkjks a dk lcls cM+k lewg Fkk] bUgs a ge's kk 1000 #i;s o mlls Åij dh j[s k oky s iV~Vs fn;s tkr s FksA mlh izdkj ,d vU; egÙoiw.kZ jkBkSM+ [kk¡i ¼midqy½ esM+fr;ks a dk Fkk] ftuds ikl 800 #i;s ls de dk j[s k dk iV~Vk ugh a gksrk FkkA blls irk pyrk gS fd oa'kkuqxr jkBkSM+ ifjokj izHkko'kkyh gksus ls 'kkld oxZ eas ge's kk 'kkfey jgkA xSj jkBkSM+ ljnkj ftUgksua s jkBkSM+ lkeUr oxZ dh lajpuk eas viuh Hkwfedk fuHkkbZ mues a iaokj] lkSyadh] pkSgku] ifjgkj] dPNokgk] xgyksr] roa j] HkkVh Fks] tk s fofHkUu jktirw dqyks a ls lacaf/kr FksA iV~Vk i)fr dk v/;;u dju s ls irk pyrk gS fd 1000 #i;s dk iV~Vk] xSj jkBkSM+ dqy ds lkeUrks a dk s izkIr dqy iV~Vs dk 15 izfr'kr gh feyk FkkA bu 15 izfr'kr iV~Vks a eas 25 HkkVh oa'k] 21 pkSgku oa'k] 18 dPNokgk oa'k ds jktiwr Fks] ftuds ikl lcls vf/kd iV~Vs FksA blds ckn 'ks"k jg x;s os jktiwr Fks & 8 xgyksr] 7 ifjgkj] 3 eqgrk] 3 eqlyeku] 2 xksj] 2 roa j] 2 iaokj o 01 lksyadh FksA ;g la[;k jkBkSM+ ljnkjks a dh rqyuk eas ux.; FkhA xSj jkBkSM+ ljnkjks a es a lcls Å¡pk LFkku HkkVh jktirw dqy dk FkkA HkkVh o dPNokgk ljnkjks a dks dHkh Hkh jkT; }kjk 1000 #i;s ls uhp s dk iV~Vk ugha fn;k x;kA107 bl izdkj ftu ljnkjks a ds ikl 1000 #i;s ls Åij ds iV~Vs Fks] os ljnkj ge's kk vius ls fuEu jktirw ljnkjks a ij Js"Brk fl) djrs jgr s FksA dqy tkjh fd, x;s iV~Vks a eas ls xSj jkBkSM+ ljnkjks a dks fn;s x;s iV~Vs dh jkf'k cgqr de gksrh FkhA bl izdkj jkBkSM+ ljnkjks a dk s gh mPpre jktLo] pkdjh dk iV~Vk o xSj pkdjh dk iV~Vk nksuks a izkIr gksrs FksA fo'ks"k [kk¡i ds lnL;ks a dks iV~Vk] xk¡oks a o fBdkuks a eas iznku fd;k tkrk FkkA108 j[s k ds vk/kkj ij ?kqM+lokj vFkok 'kqrqj lokj vkfn ds fu/kkZj.k ds laca/k eas dksbZ ,d fuf'pr fu;e ugh a Fkk] mnkgj.kkFkZ 40]200 j[s k ij 50 ?kqM+lokj] 5000 j[s k ij 9 ?kqM+lokj] 1400 js[k ij 2 ?kqM+lokj] 600 j[s k ij 1 ?kqM+lokj] 300 j[s k ij 1 ?kqM+lokj] 700 j[s k ij 5 'kqrqj lokj j[ku s dk mYys[k feyr s gSA109 vr% ;gh dgk tk ldrk gS fd iV~Vk nrs s le; gh lokjks a dh la[;k dk fu/kkZj.k 'kkld dh bZPNkuqlkj dj fn;k tkrk FkkA fu"d"kZ jko tk/s kk }kjk LFkkfir HkkbZ&caV dh tkxhj O;oLFkk gh] tk/s kiqj jkT; dh lSU; O;oLFkk dk vk/kkjHkrw LraHk FkhA tk/s kiqj jkT; ds lSU; laxBu dk vk/kkj jkT; ds NksVs&cM+ s lHkh tkxhjnkj ¼iV~Vsnkj½ gksrs FksA izR;sd tkxhjnkj tkxhj ds cnys eas fuf'pr la[;k eas lSfud j[kr s Fks vkSj vko';drk iM+us ij jkT; dh lsok ds fy, ge's kk rRij jgr s FksA tkxhj ds vuqlkj gh tkxhjnkjks a dk s ?kqM+lokj o 'kqrqj lokj j[kus gksrs FksA izk;% tkxhj dk forj.k 'kkld vius gh oa'k ds yksxks a eas djrk FkkA blds lkFk gh muds lkFk oSokfgd laca/kks a vFkok vU; dkj.kks a ls Hkh xSj jkBkSM+ oa'kh; jktirw ks a dks Hkh tkxhjs a ¼iV~Vk½ iznku dh tkrh FkhA lkekU;r% jktk lkeUrks a dks tkxhj s nus s eas oa'kkuqxr ijEijk dk s fuHkkrk FkkA iV~Vk iznku djrs le; izR;sd lkeUr ds iV~Vs eas lkeUr dks lSfud vFkok vlSfud fdl izdkj dh lsok djuh gksxh] mYy[s k gksrk FkkA lSfud lsok gh egÙoiw.kZ
  • 18. FkhA eqxydky eas jkBkSM+ jktk eksVkjktk mn;flag] eqxy eulcnkj gks x;s FksA vr% मारवाड़jktkvks a dks eqxy ckn'kkg dh lsok es a jgdj muds vkn's kkuqlkj fofHkUu ;q)kfHk;kuks a eas tkuk iM+rk FkkA lkeUr gh 'kkld dh lSfud 'kfDr ds e:s n.M FksA lkeUr jkT; dh jh< + dh gM~Mh FksA jkT; dh lqj{k dk nkf;Ro lkeUrks a ij jgrk FkkA lhekvks a dh lqj{kk vkSj 'kkld dh vuqifLFkfr eas jkt/kkuh o x<+ dh n[s kHkky o lqj{kk dk dk;ZHkkj ds fy, lkeUrks a dh fu;qfDr dh tkrh FkhA vr% mUgs a Hkh jkBkSM+ 'kkld ds lkFk jgdj ;=&r= tkuk iM+rk FkkA exq y eulc izkIr jkBkSM+ jktk ds mÙkjkf/kdkjh dk vafre fu.kZ; eqxy ckn'kkg Lo;a djrk FkkA vr% eqxy vkf/kiR; LFkkiuk ds ckn bl lanHkZ eas Hkh lkeUrks a dk egÙo vkSj 'kfDr cgqr de gks x;h FkhA tk/s kiqj jkT; ds izR;sd ijxu s eas Hkh jkT; dh vksj ls fuf'pr lsuk j[kh tkrh FkhA mDr lsuk dk eyw dk;Z ijxuks a eas 'kkafr o O;oLFkk cuk;s j[kuk Fkk] ijUrq vko';drk iM+us ij lSfud vfHk;kuks a eas Hkh mDr lsuk dk mi;ksx fd;k tkrk FkkA blds vfrfjDr 'kkld ds lh/ks fu;a=.k eas jkT; dh viuh vyx lsuk Hkh jgrh FkhA ;g lsuk मारवाड़eas gh jgrh FkhA jkT; dh bl lsuk eas ?kqM+lokj] gfLrlsuk] 'kqrqj lokj vFkkZr~ vksBh] rksiph o iSny lsuk gksrh FkhA lSU; O;oLFkk dk lEiw.kZ nkf;Ro c['kh dk gksrk FkkA dsUnzh; LFkkbZ lsuk dks uxn Hkqxrku fd;k tkrk FkkA eqxy izHkko ls मारवाड़dh lSU; O;oLFkk iV~Vns kjh ij vk/kkfjr Fkh] ftldk vk/kkj ^js[k* dk s cuk;k x;k FkkA मारवाड़jkT; dh izkjHa k eas lkeUrh; O;oLFkk dkykUrj eas iV~Vsnkjh O;oLFkk gh lSfud 'kfDr o O;oLFkk dk eq[; vk/kkj LraHk cu x;hA tk/s kiqj jkT; }kjk lSfud nf`"Vdks.k ls lkeUrks a ij vR;f/kd fuHkZj rku s Hkh dkykUrj.k eas tkdj jkT; dk s uqdlku gqvk] lkeUrks a ij fu;a=.k j[ku s ds fy, jktk ds ikl LFkk;h lsuk ds vHkko es a ge's kk jkT; ds vkarfjd o ckg~; ekeyksa o mÙkjkf/kdkjh tSls fu.kZ; Hkh lkeUrks a dh lykg o lgefr ls lEiUu gksus yxsA jkBkSM+ks a dh HkkbZ&caV lSfud i)fr u s izkjEHk eas lkekzT; foLrkj eas lathouh dk dk;Z fd;k] lHkh lkeUr Lo;a dks jkT;fgr ds fy, cfynku nus s ds fy, lnSo rRij jgrs Fks] yfsdu eqxy izHkko ls lSU; O;oLFkk dk s :ikUrfjr dj iV~Vsnkjh eas cny fn;k] rc lkeUr dh fu"Bk jkT; ds izfr de gks xbZ vkSj os yxkrkj uohu iV~Vk izkIr dju s eas yxs jgsA ml vuqikr eas lsuk eas uohdj.k ugha fd;k rFkk iVV~ s dh 'krkas Z ds vuqlkj fdlh Hkh iV~Vns kjks a u s lSU; O;oLFkk dk leqfpr izca/k ugh a fd;k tks dkykUrj eas tkdj ejkBk vkØe.k ds le; ?kkrd fl) gqvkA Ø-la- iV~Vsnkj iV~Vks a dh la[;k ekjokM+ izkIr js[k es a ekjokM+ jkT; ls ckgj izkIr js[k dqy #i;s 1- Qhrd 1 300 & 300 2- chnkor 2 2000 & 2000 3- ikrkor 22 42400 & 42400 4- :ikor 8 17500 & 17500 5- txeky 20 39300 4500 43800 6- ckykor 21 45220 1000 46220 7- eMa kor 16 44900 2000 46900 8- ÅgM+ 06 31600 & 31600 9- Mwxa jksr 03 7500 & 7500 10- chgksr 04 5800 & 5800
  • 19. 1000 #i;s o mlls vf/kd j[s k izkIr jkBkSM+ ljnkjks a dk fooj.k110 ¼egkjktk tloarflag % 1658&1662 bZ- ½ 11- pw.Mkor 01 1000 & 1000 12- iqjch;k jkBkSM+ 05 11000 3000 14000 13- fla/ky 03 4200 & 4200 14- cSBokfl;k jkBkSM+ 01 1200 & 1200 15- lUnk jSeyksr 01 1500 & 1500 16- njs ktksr 02 8000 & 8000 17- pkoM+k jkBkSM+ 01 1900 & 1900 18- xaxokfM;k 03 4150 & 4150 19- egspk 07 99900 & 99900 20- pkaikor 22 400300 97300 497600 21- eMs +fr;k 76 366800 84200 451000 22- dwaikor 75 286650 151650 438300 23- tks/kk 80 405800 228400 634200 24- tSrkor 28 140100 36000 176100 25- Ånkor 44 156090 162300 318390 26- djelh;ksr 30 90300 10900 111200 27- jk;iky tks/kkor 01 1100 & 1100 28- ukjkor 03 49150 & 49150 29- chdkor 01 & 8000 8000 30- [kaxkjksr 01 & 10000 10000 31- [kaxksj tks/kkor 02 7000 7000 14000 32- lwtkor 02 2800 & 2800 33- djuksr 08 31500 11500 43000
  • 20. 34- Hkkstjktksr 03 17000 5000 22000 35- enukor 01 4000 & 4000 36- Hkkjekyksr 04 56000 13000 69000 37- v[ksjktksr 14 33700 8500 42000 38- Vk¡d 02 2000 & 2000 39- O;kl 01 5000 & 5000 dqy 525 2424660 844250 3268910 1000 #i;s o mlls vf/kd j[s k izkIr xSj jkBkSM+ ljnkjks a dk fooj.k111 ¼egkjktk tloarflag % 1658&1662 bZ-½ Ø-la- iV~Vsnkj iV~Vks a dh la[;k ekjokM+ jkT; es a izkIr j[s k ¼#i;s½ ekjokM+ jkT; ls ckgj izkIr j[s k ¼#i;s½ dqy #i;s 1- eqagrks 03 5000 & 5000 2- iaokj 02 1800 & 1800 3- lksyadh 01 2700 1000 3700 4- pkSgku 21 64100 31700 95800 5- dNokgk 18 28950 124600 153550 6- ifjgkj 07 12200 & 12200 7- xgyksr 09 14700 & 14700 8- r¡oj 02 & 16000 16000 9- xksj 02 12000 7000 19000 10- eqLyeku 03 6500 & 6500 11- HkkVh 25 128407 8500 136907 dqy 93 276357 188800 465157 dqy jkBkSM+ iV~Vsnkjks a dh la[;k & 525 dqy xSj jkBkSM+ iV~Vsnkjks a dh la[;k & 093 dqy & 618 lUnHkZ xzUFk lwph 1- O;kl] vkj-ih-] pUnzlsu ds ifjos'k eas ekjokM+ dh lkeUr O;oLFkk ¼'kks/k fucU/k½] i`-59- 2- HkkVh] gqdeflag] ijEijk] Hkkx 122&123] jktLFkkuh 'kks/k laLFkku] pkSikluh] tk/skiqj] 2000- 3- j?kqohj flag] jk.kkor euksgj flag ¼la- ½] tk/skiqj jkT; dh [;kr] i`-53- 4- HkkVh] ukjk;.kflag ¼la-½] ekjokM+ jk ijxuka jh foxr] Hkkx&izFke] i`-38&39] xzUFkkad&101- 5- HkkVh] ukjk;.kflag ¼la-½] ekjokM+ jk ijxuka jh foxr] Hkkx&izFke] i`-39&40- 6- fe=] ehjk] egkjktk vthrflag ,oa mudk ;qx] i`263- 7- HkkVh] ukjk;.kflag ¼la-½] ekjokM+ jk ijxuka jh foxr] Hkkx&f}rh;] i`-465&469- 8- HkkVh] ukjk;.kflag ¼la-½] ekjokM+ jk ijxuka jh foxr] Hkkx&f}rh;] i`-469&471- 9- HkkVh] ukjk;.kflag ¼la-½] ekjokM+ jk ijxuka jh foxr] Hkkx&f}rh;] i`-482&483- 10-HkkVh] ukjk;.kflag ¼la-½] ekjokM+ jk ijxuka jh foxr] Hkkx&izFke] i`-39&40- 11-HkkVh] gqdeflag ¼la-½] jkBkSM+ jh [;kr] Hkkx&izFke] i`-39- 12-HkkVh] gqdeflag ¼la-½] jkBkSM+ka jh [;kr] Hkkx&izFke] i`-54- 13-HkkVh] foØeflag ¼la-½] ewfan;kM+ jh [;kr] i`-22&23- 14-HkkVh] gqdeflag ¼la-½] jkBkSM+k jh [;kr] i`-68- 15-HkkVh] ukjk;.kflag ¼la-½] ekjokM+ jk ijxuka jh foxr] xzUFkkad&101] Hkkx&izFke] i`-40- 16-eqa'kh gjn;kyflag] rokjh[k tkxhjnkjku jkt ekjokM+] i`-2- 17-HkkVh] ukjk;.kflag ¼la-½] ekjokM+ jk ijxuka jh foxr] Hkkx&izFke] i`-47&48-
  • 21. 18-O;kl] vkj-ih-] jksy vkWQ ukWfcfyfV bu ekjokM+] i`6- 19-O;kl] vkj-ih-] pUnzlsu ds ifjos'k eas ekjokM+ dh lkeUrh O;oLFkk ¼'kks/k fucU/k½] i`-61- 20- HkkVh] foØeflag ¼la-½] ewfan;kM+ jh [;kr] i`-59&76- 21-mik/;k;] euksjek] ekjokM+ jk ijxuka jh Qjlr] i`51- 22-HkkVh] gqdeflag ¼la-½] ekjokM+ jk ijxuka jh Qjlr] i`-146- 23-xqIrk] eksguyky] tkyksj dk jktuhfrd ,oa lkaLd`frd bfrgkl] i`-195&196- 24-xqIrk] eksguyky] tkyksj dk jktuhfrd ,oa lkaLd`frd bfrgkl] i`-195&196- 25-lkdfj;k] cnjhizlkn ¼la-½] eqagrk uS.klhjh [;kr] Hkkx&f}rh;] xzUFkkad&49] i`-149- 26-HkkVh] ukjk;.kflag ¼la-½] ekjokM+ jk ijxuka jh foxr] Hkkx&izFke] i`-41- 27-lkdfj;k] cnjhizlkn ¼la-½] eqagrk uS.klhjh [;kr] Hkkx&izFke] i`-146- 28-jLrksxh] lk/kuk] ekjokM+ dk 'kkS;Z ;qx] i`-99&100- 29- O;kl] ek¡xh yky] मारवाड़jkT; dk bfrgkl] i`-225- 30- HkkVh] foØe flag ¼la-½] ewfan;kM+ jh [;kr] i`- 15&17- 31-HkkVh] ukjk;.kflag ¼la-½] ekjokM+ jk ijxuka jh foxr] Hkkx&izFke] i`-39- 32-lkdfj;k] cnjh izlkn ¼la-½] eqagrk uS.klhjh [;kr] Hkkx&izFke] i`- 102&104- 33-lkdfj;k] cnjh izlkn ¼la-½] eqagrk uS.klhjh [;kr] Hkkx&f}rh;] i`-117] 120] 110&111] 121] 124- 34- jLrksxh] lk/kuk] ekjokM+ dk 'kkS;Z ;qx] i`- 160&161- 35-jms] fo'os'oj ukFk] ekjokM+ dk bfrgkl] Hkkx&izFke] i`-130- 36-jLrksxh] lk/kuk] ekjokM+ dk 'kkS;Z ;qx] i`-161- 37-HkkVh] gqdeflag ¼la-½] jkBkSM+ks ajh [;kr] Hkkx&izFke] i`-81- 38-jms] fo'os'oj ukFk] ekjokM+ dk bfrgkl] Hkkx&izFke] i`-146- 39-O;kl] vkj-ih-] pUnzlsu ds ifjos'k eas ekjokM+ dh lkeUrh O;oLFkk] ijEijk ¼'kks/k fuca/k½] Hkkx 122&123] i`- 62- 40-flag] j?kqohj] jk.kkor] euksgj flag] tk/skiqj jkT; dh [;kr] i`-105- 41-HkkVh] gqdeflag] jktLFkku ds eMs+fr;k jkBkSM+] i`94&95- 42-HkkVh] gqdeflag ¼la-½] jkBkSM+ka jh [;kr] Hkkx&izFke] i`-121- 43-eqa'kh] gjn;kyflag] etew,&gkykr o bfUrt+ke jkt ekjokM+] i`-440- 44-ckjgB] f'konÙknku] tk/skiqj jkT; dk bfrgkl] i`205- 45-jms] fo'os'oj ukFk] ekjokM+ jkT; dk bfrgkl] Hkkx&f}rh;] i`-627- 46-O;kl] vkj-ih-] jksy vkWQ ukWfcfyVh bu ekjokM+] i`187- 47-ckjgB] f'konÙknku] tk/skiqj jkT; dk bfrgkl] i`- 205&206- 48-'kekZ] th-Mh-] jktirw ikWfyVh] i`-184- 49-gchc] bjQku] nh ,xzsfj;u flLVe vkWQ eqxy bafM;k ¼1556&1707½] i`-257- 50-lrh'kpUnz] j?kqohj flag o 'kekZ] ?ku';ke nÙk ¼la-½] मारवाड़gqdwer jh cgh] i`-127- 51-gqdwer cgh o iV~Vk cgh] cLrk la[;k 97] tk/skiqj fjdkWMZl~] jk-jk-v- chdkujsA 52-chykM+k ds ,sfrgkfld i=] cLrk la[;k 1&9] jk-jkv- chdkusjA 53-flag] euksgj] मारवाड़jkT; dh [;kr] i`-84- 54-HkkVh] ukjk;.kflag ¼la-½] ekjokM+ jk ijxuka jh foxr] Hkkx&izFke] i`- 408&410- 55-gqdwer cgh] cLrk la[;k 152 ch] मारवाड़fjdkWMZ~l] jk-jk-v- chdkusjA 56-ekjokM+ jk ihf<;k jh [;kr] i`-85- 57-gqdwer cgh] cLrk la[;k 107c] jk-jk-v- chdkujsA 58-gqdwer cgh] cLrk la[;k 109c] 1670 bZ- ] jk-jk-v- chdkujsA 59-cLrk la[;k 101@14] jk-jk-v- chdkujsA ^^lks pkdjh Hkyh Hkkr djlh] eyslh tB stlh mtj dj.k ikos ughaA** iV~Vk nsrs le; mDr mn~/kj.k iV~Vs es afy[ks tkrs FksA 60-cLrk la[;k 76] QkbZy ua- 2] मारवाड़fjdkWMZ~l]jk-jkv- chdkusjA 61-gqdwer cgh] cLrk la[;k 126v] jk-jk-v- chdkujsA 62-cLrk la[;k 7] QkbZy ua- 2] मारवाड़fjdkWMZ~l] jk-jkv- chdkusjA 63-gqdwer cgh] cLrk la[;k 145v] jk-jk-v- chdkujsA
  • 22. 64-HkkVh] ukjk;.kflag ¼la-½] ekjokM+ jk ijxuk jh foxr] Hkkx&f}rh;] i`-399- 65-[kkaiokj iV~Vk cgh] iV~Vk la[;k 61&62] ftyk vfHky[skkxkj] tks/kiqjA 66-lrh'kpUnz] jk.kkor euksgj flag o 'kekZ] th-Mh- ¼la-½] tk/skiqj gqdwer jh cgh] i`-191- 67-lrh'kpUnz] jk.kkor euksgj flag o 'kekZ] th-Mh- ¼la-½] tk/skiqj gqdwer jh cgh] i`-140- 68-lrh'kpUnz] jk.kkor euksgj flag o 'kekZ] th-Mh- ¼la-½] tk/skiqj gqdwer jh cgh] i`-194- 69-egkjktk vthrflag iV~Vk cgh la- 612] jk- jk-v- chdkujsA 70-¼1½ lrh'kpUnz] jk.kkor euksgj flag o 'kekZ] thMh- ¼la-½] tk/skiqj gqdwer jh cgh] i`-125- ¼2½ lrh'kpUnz] jk.kkor euksgj flag o 'kekZ] th-Mh- ¼la-½] tk/skiqj gqdwer jh cgh] i`-169- 71-HkkVh] ukjk;.kflag ¼la-½] ekjokM+ jk ijxuka jh foxr] Hkkx&izFke] i`-38- 72-j?kqohjflag ¼la-½] mn;Hkk.k pkaikor jh [;kr] Hkkx&f}rh;] i`-17&23] 31&36- 73-[kkaiokj iV~Vk cgh] iV~Vk la[;k 53] jk- jk-v- chdkujsA 74-lun cgh 286] jk-jk-v- chdkusj] i`-372- 75-lrh'kpUnz] jk.kkor euksgj flag o 'kekZ] th-Mh- ¼la-½] tk/skiqj gqdwer jh cgh] i`-126- 76-lrh'kpUnz] jk.kkor euksgj flag o 'kekZ] th-Mh- ¼la- ½] मारवाड़gqdwer jh cgh] i`-139- 77-lrh'kpUnz] jk.kkor euksgj flag o 'kekZ] th-Mh- ¼la-½] tk/skiqj gqdwer jh cgh] i`-155] 158- 78-[kkaiokj iV~Vk cgh] iV~Vk la[;k 78] ftyk vfHky[skkxkj] tks/kiqjA 79-[kkaiokj iV~Vk cgh] iV~Vk la[;k 78] jk- jk-v- chdkujsA 80-lrh'kpUnz] jk.kkor euksgj flag o 'kekZ] th-Mh- ¼la-½] tk/skiqj gqdwer jh cgh] i`-161- 81-HkkVh] gqdeflag ¼la-½] ekjokM+ jk ijxuka jh Qjlr] i`-5- 82-lrh'kpUnz] jk.kkor euksgj flag o 'kekZ] th-Mh- ¼la-½] tk/skiqj gqdwer jh cgh] i`-138- 83-HkkVh] gqdeflag ¼la-½] ekjokM+ jk ijxuka jh Qjlr] i`-3- 84-ykx&ckx] QkbZy ua- 202] मारवाड़iz'kklu] cLrk la[;k 97@4] tk/skiqj fjdkWMZ~l] jk-jk-v- chdkujsA 85-cnjhizlkn lkdfj;k ¼la-½] eqagrk uS.klhjh [;kr] Hkkx&f}rh;] i`-157- 86-cnjhizlkn lkdfj;k ¼la-½] eqagrk uS.klhjh [;kr] Hkkx&f}rh;] i`-154&157- 87-cLrk la[;k 97] QkbZy ua- 4] jk-jk-v- chdkujsA 88-cLrk ua- 97@4] ykx&ckx] QkbZy la[;k 202&4] मारवाड़fjdkMZ~l] jk-jk-v- chdkujsA 89-cLrk ua- 76@4] tk/skiqj fjdkWMZl~] jk-jk-v- chdkujsA 90-ykx&ckx] QkbZy ua- 202] tk/skiqj fjdkWMZl~] jk-jkv- chdkusjA 91-HkkVh] foØeflag] e/;dkyhu jktLFkku eas fBdkuk O;oLFkk] i`-134- 92-¼1½ ykx&ckx] QkbZy la[;k 202] tk/skiqj fjdkWMZ~l] jk-jk-v- chdkusjA ¼2½ cMsu] ikosy] yS.M flLVe vkWQ fczfV'k bafM;k] i`329&330- 93-HkkVh] ukjk;.k flag ¼la-½] ekjokM+ jk ijxuka jh foxr] Hkkx&f}rh;] i`-347- 94-HkkVh] ukjk;.k flag ¼la-½] ekjokM+ jk ijxuka jh foxr] Hkkx&izFke] i`-461- 95-HkkVh] ukjk;.k flag ¼la-½] ekjokM+ jk ijxuka jh foxr] Hkkx&f}rh;] i`-340- 96-gFkcgh ua- 5] jk-jk-v- chdkujs] i`-39- 97-HkkVh] gqdeflag ¼la-½] ekjokM+ jk ijxuka jh Qjlr] i`-7- 98-iV~Vk cgh ua- 8] jk-jk-v- chdkusj] i`- 10- 99- HkkVh] gqdeflag ¼la-½] ekjokM+ jk ijxuka jh Qjlr] i`-7- 100- HkkVh] gqdeflag ¼la-½] jkBkSM+ka jh [;kr] Hkkx&r`rh;] i`-554- 101- HkkVh] gqdeflag ¼la-½] jkBkSM+ka jh [;kr] Hkkx&r`rh;] i`-542] 546&447- 102- lun ijokuk cgh ua- 7] jk-jk-v- chdkusj] i`-128- 103- ckjgB] f'konÙknku] tk/skiqj jkT; dk bfrgkl] i`219- 104- ¼1½ tkyksj dkjdwu n¶+rj] pgsjk cgh] fo-la- 1856&1857] jk-jk-v- chdkusjA ¼2½ QkSt rky ds pgsjk cgh] fo-la- 1838] 1848] jk-jk-v- chdkujsA
  • 23. 105- dkj[kkuk jks [kkrks] fo-la- 1825] tkyksj cfg;kr] QkSt ikyh jk[kh fr.k ukaoks ekl nks jks gLrs fla?koh /ku:iey uS iapksyh lhjhnÙk % vklk<+ lqnh 15] cgh Øekad 80] ftyk vfHky[skkxkj] tks/kiqjA 106- fjikVsZl~ vkWu tk/skiqj dkWULVhV~;'wkuy fjQkWeZl~ ¼1944½] ykx&ckx ,UDok;jh deVsh fjiksVZ 1883] i`- 95&96- 107- 'kekZ] th-Mh-] jktirw ikWfyVh] i`- 147&148- 108- 'kekZ] th-Mh-] jktirw ikWfyVh] i`-130- 109- ykx&ckx] ,UDok;jh desVh fjiksVZ] 1883] ifjf'k"V la- 2- 110- fjikVsZl~ vkWu tk/skiqj dkWULVhV~;'wkuy fjQkWeZl~ ¼1944½] ykx&ckx ,UDok;jh deVsh fjiksVZ 1883] i`- 95&96- 111- fjikVsZl~ vkWu tk/skiqj dkWULVhV~;'wkuy fjQkWeZl~ ¼1944½] ykx&ckx ,UDok;jh deVsh fjiksVZ 1883] i`95&96-