The document discusses the foundations and characteristics of Islamic culture. It begins by defining Islamic culture as the practices common to historically Islamic people that have developed around the religion of Islam. The Quran and hadiths are described as the primary sources of Islamic culture. Some key aspects of Islamic culture discussed include dress, marriage/festivals, art/architecture, music, and traditions/rituals. The document also summarizes Islamic contributions to fields like science, technology, medicine, mathematics, and architecture. It concludes by outlining Islamic principles of administration derived from the Quran and hadiths.

1. Islamic Culture
FOUNDATIONS OF ISLAMIC CULTURE
ISLAMIC ART, SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND ADMINISTRATION

2. Definition of Culture and Islamic Culture
 Culture means the total body of tradition borne by a society
and transmitted from one generation to another.
 Islamic Culture refers to cultural practices common to
historically Islamic people.
It generally includes all the practices which have developed around the religion of Islam.
This culture is enabled in certain common belief that there is no God but Allah and
Mohammad(P.B.U.H) is His messenger.
Muslim customs and traditions include Islamic/ Muslims clothing, food, wedding traditions
an other aspects of Islamic life that Muslims have adopted in their respective countries.

3. Characteristics of Islamic Culture
 The Quran is considered to be the source of many aspects of Islamic culture.
Certain acts or rituals that Muslims do almost subconsciously are actually
encouraged or allowed by Allah or, mandated in the Quran.
1. Dress
2. Marriage and Festivals
3. Art and Architecture
4. Music
5. Muslim customs and Traditions

4. Islamic Dress
 While all other animals have skin that provides them protection against the
element.
 Human beings do not have it, telling us that dress must cover body adequately.
 Dress should not be similar to that of opposite gender.
 The blessed Prophet(P.B.U.H) cursed the men who act like women and women
who act like men. (Al-Bukhari).

5. Marriage and Festivals
 Marriage-Half of religion
 Festivals
1. Eid-ul-Fitr
2. Eid-ul-Adha

6. Marriage in Islam

7. Eid-ul-Fitr

8. Eid-ul-Adha

9. Art and Architecture
 Arabic Calligraphy
 Minarets
 A wall Indicating to Mecca
 Central Prayer halls
 Domes
 Fountains
 Bright Colors
 Construction of Mosques

10. Arabic Calligraphy

11. Minarets, Domes, Fountains, a wall niche indicating to Mecca,
Mosques and Central Prayer Halls

12. Islamic Music
 Quran Recitation
 Devotional Music
1. Hamd,
2. Naat and
3. Qawwali
 The Sufis are credited with taking the music of the mystics far and wide.

13. Quran Recitation

14. Use of Duff

15. Muslims culture and Traditions
1. Shahadah, or the worship of only one God
2. Salah or Prayer
3. Zakat or donation of alms
4. Sawm, or Fasting during Ramadan
5. Hajj, the pilgrimage to the Holy city of Mecca

16. Believing in One God

17. Salah and Zakat

18. Sawm and Hajj

19. Islamic Civilization
 Introduction
According to Cambridge dictionary of English (1998)civilization is human society
with its well-developed social organizations, or the culture and way of life of a
society or country at a particular period in time.
The term ‘Islamic Civilization’ is rooted from two concepts; namely ‘Islam’ and
‘Civilization’. Therefore it means a civilization based on Islam. A group of people
or a nation whose way of life or culture are based on Islam. It is founded by
Prophet Muhammad (p.b.u.h).
Some of those who have written about the history of civilization define civilization
as “a social system which helps man to increase his cultural output.”

20. Basic Concept Of Islamic Civilization
Civilization consists of four main elements:
 Economical resources
 Political systems
 Moral traditions
 Science and Arts

21. Foundations of Islamic Culture
 1. Quran
God’s revelations to Mohammad (P.B.U.H)
 2. Hadith
Sayings of Prophet(P.B.U.H) , reports about His life and deeds.

22. Science and Technology

23. Muslims contribution to science and
Technology
 Muslim scholars calculated the angle of the ecliptic; measured the size of
the Earth; calculated the precession of the equinoxes; explained, in the
field of optics and physics, such phenomena as refraction of light, gravity,
capillary attraction, and twilight; and developed observatories for the
empirical study of heavenly bodies.

24. Muslims contribution to science and
Technology
Islamic scholars made advances in mathematics, medicine, astronomy, engineering
and many other fields
 In medicine: • Muslim physicians contributed significantly to the field of medicine.
1. Al Razi:
Emphasized clinical medicine and diagnosis • identify and treat of smallpox • By
alcohol as an anti septic. • medical authority in West up to the 18th century.

25. In medicine
2. Al Zohrawi:
1. Known as abulcasis in the west. 2. Father of surgery. 3. Instruments of surgery. 4.
200 tools of surgery. 5. Al-Tasrif was translated as The method of medicine. 6. Al-
Tasrif translated into Latin. 7. His discoveries are authentic in medical science.

26. In Mathematical science:
Khayyam:
1. Fundamental contribution to the philosophy of mathematics. 2. important works on
geometry. 3. Theory of proportion. 4. Derived the general method For the cubic
equation. Also conic section.

27. In architectural:
Muslims combined the technology of nature and art. • Muslims made many
masterpiece in architecture. • They made many building. Some of them have very
historical importance. • Some master pieces are these….
1) Cordoba mosque This mosque is in the Spain. This mosque has a great
importance. In this marble and granite is used. The main hall of the mosque is very
large. Pictures show the hall and the top view of this.
2)Taj mehal The material for this was taken from all over the India and Asia. More
then 1000 elephant and 20000 workers was used. More then 2 million visitors come
every year.

28. Cordoba Mosque and Taj Mahal

29. Muslims contribution to science and
Technology
 In chemistry:
Gaber: He contributed a lot of in chemistry. He gave new ideas. Sulphuric acid.
Father of chemistry. Aqua regia
 In Physics:
Ibn-e-sina: • In mechanics: • Elaborated theory of motion. • He made a distinction
between force of projectile and inclination. In optics: he urged that light has some
speed.

30. Conclusion
 The Muslim world has contributed to science in a very large extent. They
not only preserved, but also added to the achievements in medicine. They
have fostered the flame of civilization, made it brighter, and handed it over
to Europe in the best possible condition.

31. Administration in Islamic Perspective
 Islamic principles in administration provide a more comprehensive system
as they incorporate both moral and spiritual dimensions.
 The principles of Islamic administration are derived from the Quran,
which is the most fundamental source in Islamic shari'ah, and the sunnah,
which is the second important source in Islam.

32. SOURCES OF ISLAMIC
ADMINISTRATION From the Qur’an
Indeed, your Lord is Allah, who created the heavens and the earth in six days and
then established Himself above the Throne, arranging the matter [of His creation].
There is no intercessor except after His permission.(Surah Yunus; 3)
Say, "Who provides for you from the heaven and the earth? Or who controls hearing
and sight and who brings the living out of the dead and brings the dead out of the
living and who arranges [every] matter?" They will say, "Allah," so say, "Then will you
not fear Him?” (Surah Yunus; 31)

33. Sources of Islamic Administration from
the Sunnah
 Ibn 'Umar reported: I heard Prophet Muhammad PBUH saying, "All of you are
guardians and are responsible for your wards. The ruler is a guardian and
responsible for his subjects; the man is a guardian and responsible for his family;
the woman is a guardian and is responsible for her husbands house and his
offspring; and so all of you are guardians and are responsible for your wards.“ [Al-
Bukhari and Muslim, Book 1, Hadith 653]

34. CONCLUSION
 As Muslims, we need to believe the contents of Al- Qur'an and Hadith as a source
of information, and try to practice the good administration as requested by Allah
and the Prophet Muhammad PBUH.