The document outlines a micro-teaching presentation on hypertension conducted by Ishfaq Hussain, a nursing student, aimed at educating peers about the condition's definition, classification, pathophysiology, symptoms, diagnostic measures, and management strategies. The presentation includes detailed teaching methods and aids, such as PowerPoint and leaflets, and emphasizes the importance of lifestyle changes and medication in managing hypertension. It concludes with a recap of key points and a bibliography of relevant nursing texts.

1. BEE ENN COLLEGE OF NURSING
CHAK BHALWAL JAMMU
MICRO TEACHING TOPIC: HYPERTENSION
SUBMITTED TO: SUBMITTED BY:
Mrs. SAIN PRIYA Mr. Ishfaq Hussain
H.O.D Child Health M.Sc.[N] 1st year
Nursing MSN Department
(BECON) (BECON)
SUBMITTED ON:
22/10/2024

2. IDENTIFICATION DATA:
Name of the student / teacher : Ishfaq Hussain
Name of the supervisor :
Subject and course code : Nursing Education
Unit : 5
Topic : Hypertension.
Date and Time of teaching : 21/12/2024
Duration : 15min
Venue : Bee Enn College of Nursing
Teaching method : Lecture cum discussion
AV aids : PowerPoint, whiteboard , leaflets, pamphlet and chart.

3. General Objective:
At the end of the teaching, students will be able to understand about hypertension and it’s management .
Specific Objectives:
At the end of the teaching, students will be able to:
1. introduce the hypertension.
2. define the hypertension
3. elaborate types of hypertension
4. explain pathophysiology of hypertension.
5. enlist the etiological factors and symptoms.
6. describe diagnostic measures of hypertension.
7. plan the management of hypertension.
Self – introduction:
Good morning, I am Ishfaq Hussain MSc [N] 1st
year student. Today I am going to teach you about Hypertension

4. TIME SPECIFIC
OBJECTIVES
CONTENT MATTER TEACHING
LEARNING
ACTIVITIES
AV AIDS EVALUATION

5. 2min
2min
Introduce the
topic
Hypertension.
Define
Hypertension
.
INTRODUCTION TO TOPIC:
Hypertension is high blood pressure, a very common condition in older
adults. Blood pressure is the physical force exerted by the blood as it pushes
against the walls of the arteries. Blood pressure readings are written in two
numbers separated by a line. The top number represents the systolic blood
pressure and the bottom number represents the diastolic pressure. The
systolic blood pressure is the pressure in the arteries as the heart contracts
pushing the blood forward. The diastolic pressure is the pressure in the
arteries as the heart relaxes. Blood pressure is the product of cardiac output
multiplied by peripheral resistance. Cardiac output put is the product of the
heart rate multiplied by the stroke volume. In normal circulation pressure is
exerted by the flow of blood through the heart and blood vessels. High
blood pressure, known as hypertension can result from a change in cardiac
output, a change in peripheral resistance or both.
DEFINITION:
Hypertension refers to a sustained elevation of systolic Blood pressure of
140 mm of Hg or higher, a sustained diastolic Blood pressure of 90 mm of
Hg or more, or taking antihypertensive medications.
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White
board
White
board
What is the
introduction of
hypertension?

6. Hypertension is a condition in which blood pressure in arteries is chronically
elevated
I
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What is the
definition of
hypertension?

7. TIME SPECIFIC
OBJECTIVES
CONTENT MATTER TEACHING
LEARNING
ACTIVITIES
AV AIDS EVALUATION

8. 3min Elaborate
Classification
Of
Hypertension.
Classification:
Primary hypertension : Is sustained elevated BP without any cause.
Secondary hypertension: Is elevated BP that results from or is secondary to
some other disorders.
White coat hypertension: Is elevated BP that develops during evaluation
by medical personnel, WHO traditionally, have worn a white coat. This
hypertension results from anxiety.
Isolated systolic hypertension : Occurs when the systolic blood pressure is
140 mm of hg or higher but the
Diastolic blood pressure remains less than 90 mm of hg.
Persistent severe hypertension or resistant hypertension : Is
characterized by a systolic blood pressure above 110 to 120 mm of hg.
.
Causes :
The cause of most hypertension is unknown.
Occasionally, conditions of the kidney or adrenal gland are the cause of high
blood pressure. There are several factors that may cause high blood
pressure, but the exact cause is unknown. The following factors may
increase one's risk for high blood pressure:
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White
board
What are the
types
hypertension?
What are the
Risk factors of
Hypertension?

9. • Lack of physical activity
• Too much salt consumption
• Too much alcohol consumption

10. TIME SPECIFIC
OBJECTIVES
CONTENT MATTER TEACHING
LEARNING
ACTIVITIES
AV AIDS EVALUATION

11. 5min Explain
Pathophysiology
of hypertension.
• Stress
• Older age
• Genetics
• Family history of high blood pressure
• Chronic kidney disease
• Adrenal and thyroid disorders
• Sleep apnoea
• Smoking
• Overweight or obesity
Pathophysiology:
1. Activation of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System:
Angiotensinogen, a globulin of hepatic origin, circulates in the plasma.
The enzyme renin, is secreted by kidneys in response to decreased renal
perfusion pressure or flow, it dissociates the deca peptide angiotensin I from
angiotensinogen. Angiotensin 1 is inactive and it is further converted into
the active peptide Angiotensin II with the help of Angiotensin converting
enzyme which is present in lungs and vascular endothelium. Angiotensin II
has two major functions.
(i) It causes powerful vasoconstriction (within seconds)
(ii) It stimulates the adrenal zona glomerulosa to increase the production
of the aldosterone. Aldosterone causes the vasoconstriction and
retention of sodium and loss of potassium in urine. This sodium
retention causes increased total body sodium and also increase in
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Chart
What is the
Pathophysiology
Of hypertension

12. blood pressure for a longer term. As the B.P. increases and sodium is

13. TIME SPECIFIC
OBJECTIVES
CONTENT MATTER TEACHING
LEARNING
ACTIVITIES
AV AIDS EVALUATION

14. 2mins
1min
Enlist the signs
and symptoms
Of Hypertension
retained the stimuli to the renin secretion is reduced. So, excessive sodium
will suppress the renin secretion, whereas the sodium deprivation and its loss
in urine will increase it.
2. Retention of salt and water with impairment in excretory function
leading to the increased blood volume and hence blood pressure.
Signs and symptoms:
• Nose bleeds
• Blurred vision
• Dizziness
• Palpitation
• Tinnitus
• Dyspnoea
• Fatigue
• Tachycardia
• Insomnia
• Throbbing or pounding headache
DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION:
Blood pressure is measured by Sphygmomanometer
Blood test – Electrolytes, Blood urea, Creatinine, Lipid
profile test
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Leaflets
Enlist the sings
And symptoms
of hypertension?
What are the
diagnostic

15. Describe the
diagnostic
measures of
Hypertension.
Test for hormones of the adrenal gland or thyroid gland
Urine test for electrolytes and hormones.
measures of
hypertension?

16. TIME SPECIFIC
OBJECTIVES
CONTENT MATTER TEACHING
LEARNING
ACTIVITIES
AV AIDS EVALUATION

17. 5min Plan the
Management of
Hypertension..
USG of the kidney, CT Scan, ECG,
Chest x-ray – size of the heart
Management:
 Limiting sodium intake by eliminating table salt, cooking
salt, and salty and processed foods can reduce blood pressure by
5 mm of hg. Losing weight and doing regular physical activity can
reduce the blood pressure.
 Medications
Beta blockers – atenolol
Calcium channel blockers – amlodipine
Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors
Alpha blockers
Vasodilators
OTHER THERAPY & HOME MANAGEMENT
Acupuncture and biofeedback
Meditation, Yoga and relaxation training Dietary
supplements and alternative medications
Diet and hypertension
Limit sodium in the diet – adult consumes no more than .
2,400 milligrams of sodium daily
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pamphlets
What is the
Management of
hypertension?

18. Potassium supplements 2-4 grams’ daily
Foods high in omega 3 fatty acids like Soya, Fish help in . ‘
relaxing coronary arteries.
Avoid high sodium food like pickle, meat and salty snacks.
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ACTIVITIES
AV AIDS EVALUATION

20. DASH (Directory Approach to stop hypertension)
• 2000 calories a day
• 55% - Carbohydrate
• 18% - Protein
• 27% - fat
• More fruits and vegetables included.
Exercise
Exercise is the therapy for the primary prevention treatment and control of
hypertension.
Yoga
Yoga reduces blood pressure relieving stress, enhancing health and
improving fitness, no side effects
. Life style Treatment
• Control stress
• Maintain weight
• Restrict alcohol intake
• Restrict sodium intake 1.5 to 2.5 gm/day
• Increase intake of fruits and vegetables
• Regular aerobic exercise • Eliminate tobacco
• Stop smoking Follow up
• Check with your health care provider periodically
• At follow up visits
• Know about any side effects are having from medication
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AV AIDS EVALUATION

23. COMPLICATIONS OF HYPERTENSION
• Damage to blood vessels
• Myocardial Infraction
• Cerebro vascular disease
• Left ventricular failure
• Heart failure
• Renal hemorrhage and renal failure
PREVENTION OF HYPERTENSION
• Eat a nutritious, low fat diet Exercise and yoga regularly
• Decrease salt intake .Maintain a healthy weight
• Use alcohol in moderation
• Stop smoking
• Get your blood pressure checked periodically
• Reduce stress
CONCLUSION
A condition in which the force of the blood against the artery walls is too
high. Usually hypertension is defined as blood pressure above 140/90, and is
considered severe if the pressure is above 180/120. High blood pressure
often has no symptoms. Over time, if untreated, it can cause health
conditions, such as heart disease and stroke.
Eating a healthier diet with less salt, exercising regularly and taking
medication can help lower blood pressure.
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25. TIME SPECIFIC
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CONTENT MATTER TEACHING
LEARNING
ACTIVITIES
AV AIDS EVALUATION
SUMMARIZATION
Now learning regarding the topic we came to know the introduction, definition, causes, factors, classifications, clinical manifestations,
diagnostic measures, management, complications, preventions of hypertension

26. RECAPTUALIZATION
1. What are the etiological factors of hypertension?
2. Which are the classification of hypertension?
3. What are the clinical features of hypertension?
4. What are the diagnostic measures of hypertension?
5. What are the home management of hypertension?
BIBLIOGRAPHY:
BOOK REFRENCE:
Ansari javeed ,a text book of medical surgical nursing || pub pages 204 -207

27. Brunner and Siddharth text book of medical surgical vol ist.
R. Sudha. (2013). Textbook of Nursing Education. (2nd, Ed.) Jaypee Publishers.
Sodhi, J. K. (2022). Comprehensive textbook of medical surgical (2nd ed.). New Delhi. Jaypee publishers. Keshav
Swarnakar; Community Health nursing; 3rd
edition published by NR Brothers: New Delhi: 2005
K K Gulani; Community Health Nursing Principles and Practices; 1sr
edition published by Kumar Publications;New Delhi: 2005
K Park; Park Text Book of Preventive and Social Medicine ;23rd
edition published by Bhanot; India: 2004.