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DMM302 - SAP HANA Data Warehousing: Models
for SAP BW and SQL DW on SAP HANA
© 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 2Public
Speakers
Bangalore, October 5 - 7
Sreepriya, G
Las Vegas, Sept 19 - 23
Marc Bernard
Josh Djupstrom
Barcelona, Nov 8 - 10
Juergen Haupt
Ulrich Christ
© 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 3Public
Disclaimer
The information in this presentation is confidential and proprietary to SAP and may not be disclosed without the permission of
SAP. Except for your obligation to protect confidential information, this presentation is not subject to your license agreement or
any other service or subscription agreement with SAP. SAP has no obligation to pursue any course of business outlined in this
presentation or any related document, or to develop or release any functionality mentioned therein.
This presentation, or any related document and SAP's strategy and possible future developments, products and or platforms
directions and functionality are all subject to change and may be changed by SAP at any time for any reason without notice.
The information in this presentation is not a commitment, promise or legal obligation to deliver any material, code or functionality.
This presentation is provided without a warranty of any kind, either express or implied, including but not limited to, the implied
warranties of merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, or non-infringement. This presentation is for informational
purposes and may not be incorporated into a contract. SAP assumes no responsibility for errors or omissions in this
presentation, except if such damages were caused by SAP’s intentional or gross negligence.
All forward-looking statements are subject to various risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially
from expectations. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which speak only
as of their dates, and they should not be relied upon in making purchasing decisions.
© 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 4Public
Agenda
SAP HANA DW directions
SAP HANA DW - evolving the DWH to a Business Analytics Platform
SAP HANA DW and DWH data model
 Dynamic dimensional model for BW on HANA – business and pattern-driven HANA DW
– Building a flexible DWH core capable absorbing changes with minimal impact
– Building agile extensions of the DWH core integrating any raw/ field data
 Composition Model for SAP HANA SQL DW – customer-defined HANA DW
Summary
Public
SAP HANA DW directions
© 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 6Public
Application driven approach, SAP BW as EDW
application with integrated services
• SAP BW as an application serves as a platform offering all
required data warehousing services via one integrated
repository
 No additional tools for modelling, monitoring and managing
the data warehouse required, but can be integrated
SAP BW
SAP HANA
Scheduling &
Monitoring
Modeling Planning
OLAP
Lifecycle
Management
ETL
Scheduling
Tool
Modeling Tools
Planning
Tool
Monitoring
Tool
Lifecycle
Management Tool
ETL
Tool
SQL driven approach, SAP HANA with loosely
coupled tools and platform services, logically
combined
 Database approaches require several loosely couple tools
to fulfill the necessary tasks with separate repositories
 A combination of tools (such as best of breed) used to build
the data warehouse
SAP – Data Warehousing approaches
Two approaches
SAP HANA
© 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 7Public
SAP HANA DWSAP HANA DW SAP HANA DWSAP HANA DWSAP HANA DWSAP HANA DW
Optional Components
DW Foundation
Power
Designer
HANA EIM
Business
Warehouse
SAP HANA
Platform
SAP HANA
Platform
Planning and Definition VisionExecution and delivery
2015 2016 - 2018
Market presence in Data Warehousing
with a clear roadmap
Strong and simplified
offering with tight integration
Convergence into one technology
stack addressing BW and SQL
based DW needs
DWH
Foundation
Power
Designer
HANA
EIM
Business
Warehouse
SAP HANA PlatformSAP HANA Platform
DW ModelingDW Modeling DW ETL & DMDW ETL & DM
SAP HANA
Platform
SAP HANA
Platform
Analytics , BI Suite, Predictive Analytics , BI Suite, Predictive Analytics , BI Suite, Predictive
Hadoop
SAP HANA Vora
Hadoop
SAP HANA Vora
Hadoop
SAP HANA Vora
Hadoop
SAP HANA Vora
Hadoop
SAP HANA Vora
Hadoop
SAP HANA Vora
Statement of Direction – Current DW Portfolio
Public
SAP HANA DW - evolving the DWH to a
Business Analytics Platform
© 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 9Public
Traditional DWH layer architecture / LSA (Layered Scalable Architecture)
Still appropriate on SAP HANA ?
Business Integrated DWH/
Propagation Layer
Business Integrated DWH/
Propagation Layer
Architected Data Marts
SourceSource
Staging
Acquisition Layer
Raw DWH/
Open ODS Layer
Query-ready data
Cross source
harmonized, cleansed data
• Source related data with DWH
services
• For comparison with integrated
DWH
Prepare data for DWH
Source data
Topdownmodeling
• Hierarchical Architecture
• Data Mart Layer as the query able
layer
• All Layers primarily as service
provider for the Data Mart Layer
• Data moved from layer to layer
• Costly top down modeling process –
time to market ….
• ..
Still the only way?
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Business Integrated DWH/
Propagation Layer
historic
historic
SAP HANA DW
The ‚simplified DWH‘ perspective of LSA++
Business/ Service Level
Requirements
Architected Data MartsArchitected Data Marts
most recent
Virtual Data Marts/ Virtual Transformations
BottomupBottomup
Topdown
Data In-Hub/ Staging
Acquisition Layer
Raw DWH/
Open ODS Layer
actual/ most recent
SourceSource / Data Lake/ Data Lake
• Integrated business entities & values
• Integrate multiple sources/ raw DWHs
 Virtual Data Marts on any Layer
 Virtual Transformations
 Source dominated DWH
 Source driven DWH entities & values
Normally obsolete
 Virtual Transforms
 Data Consumption
© 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 11Public
SAP HANA DW and Business Analytics Platform
Emancipation of data, communication, integration, orchestration
SAP HANA promotes a DWH Core that supports
1. Flexibility extending the persisted DWH
2. Agility virtually extending the persisted DWH
3. Direct Analytics on DWH layers – no explicit Data
Mart Layer
4. Virtual Combination of DWH layers – reduce
redundancies
5. Virtual Combination of DWH with remote data
(federation, the Business Analytics Platform)
6. Evolutionary Data Warehouse – complement
Top-Down solutions with Bottom-Up approach - service
level driven
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From DWH to Business Analytics Platform
The Logical Data Warehouse perspective of LSA++ for SAP HANA DW
Data In-Hub/ ODS Raw DWH
Business
Integrated DWH
Data Lake Analytical Area/
Virtual Solution
CommunicationCommunication CommunicationCommunication CommunicationCommunication
CommunicationCommunication CommunicationCommunication CommunicationCommunication
Communication, Integration & Orchestration
SAP HANA & BW Services
Communication, Integration & Orchestration
SAP HANA & BW Services
 Non hierarchical, loosely coupled Information Areas
 Clear service definitions
 Communication, Integration, Orchestration rules
ERP, S/4HANA
Public
SAP HANA DW and DWH data model
© 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 14Public
Business Integrated DWH
Data-InHub
Raw DWH
Source
SAP HANA DW & DWH data models
Data Models in concert – for query-performance, flexibility & ease of integration
Data Models everywhere:
Dimensional Model
Data Marts: Dimensional Model
• Dimensional Model
• Composition Model
• Data Vault Model
3NF Model
3NF Model
The data warehouse data model for a SAP HANA
DW should promote
• Performant querying on persisted DWH Layer
data without creation of additional persisted
Data Marts
• Ease of integration of any data outside of the
HANA DW (Agility)
• Flexibility covering classic DWH requirements
Persisteddata
Virtual Data Marts
• Dimensional Model
• Composition Model
• Data Vault Model
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Legacy Source Model Observations:
• GUIDs (BINARY(16)) as Keys e.g.
NODE_KEY of SNWD_SO
• Date-fields as DECIMAL(21,7) e.g.
CREATED_AT of SNWD_SO
• Hierarchical relations via foreign-key e.g.
PARENT_KEY of SNWD_EMPLOYEES
• Business-Keys as attributes e.g.
PRODUCT_ID of SNWD_PD
From legacy 3NF source model to a HANA DW data model
Basis for our examples
Master data
Transactiondata
Master data
Public
Dynamic dimensional model for BW on HANA –
business and pattern-driven HANA DW
Building a flexible DWH core capable absorbing changes with minimal impact
© 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 17Public
Data In-Hub/ Staging
Acquisition Layer
BW on HANA and LSA++
Modeling the core DWH using InfoObjects - examples
Business/ Service Level Requirements
Architected Data MartsArchitected Data Marts
Virtual Data Marts/ Virtualization
BottomupBottomup
Topdown
 Source dominated DWH
 Source driven DWH entities & values
• Integrated business entities & values
• Data from multiple sources/ raw DWHs
Raw DWH/
Open ODS Layer
SourceSource / Data Lake/ Data Lake
Business Integrated DWH/
Propagation Layer
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BW dimensional modeling - BW flat star schema until BW 740 SP8
Automated star schema generation
Flat InfoCube, DSO (classic)
FACT Table
Dimension
e.g. Product
BW on HANA
Flat Star Schema
InfoObject
InfoObjects
Nav. Attributes
InfoObject
Nav. Attributes
InfoObject
Nav. Attributes
InfoObject
Nav. Attributes
Dimension
e.g. Customer
Dimension
e.g. Location
Dimension
Time
Keywords:
• Fact data & dimension data defined via InfoObjects
• InfoObjects of Fact-table define Dimensions
• Automated Association of Master Data (Dimensions)
• Highly de-normalized i.e. all attributes of a Dimension
in one place (InfoObject p-/q-table)
• High performance schema but
• Limited flexibility adding new attributes
• Limited flexibility adding new relationships (e.g. n:m)
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BW dimensional modeling
BW views define the dynamic star schema – 1st
overview
FACT Table
Dimension
e.g. Product BW on HANA
Dynamic Star SchemaInfoObject
InfoObjects/ Fields
Nav. Attributes
Open ODS View Master
Nav. Attributes
Nav. Attributes
InfoObject
Nav. Attributes
Dimension
e.g. Customer
Dimension
e.g. Location
Dimension
Time
DSO (advanced), DB-Table/ View,
InfoCube, DSO (classic),
Open ODS View Master
CompositeProvider/
Open ODS View Type Fact
Keywords:
• Persistency's defined by InfoObjects or
Fields
• Star Schema defined by a BW View i.e.
CompositeProvider/ Open ODS View type
fact
• Flexible and Agile Association of
Dimensions i.e. InfoObject or Open ODS
View type master
• Partitioned/ split Dimensions
• Snow-flaked Dimensions (transitive
attributes)
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BW on HANA dimensions modeling using InfoObjects
Complete de-normalization of master data into InfoObjects – example 1
SNWD_PD
NODE_KEY
PRODUCT_ID
TYPE_CODE
CREATED_BY
CREATED_AT
CHANGED_BY
CHANGED_AT
NAME_GUID
DESC_GUID
SUPPLIER_GUID
TAX_TARIF_CODE
MEASURE_UNIT
WEIGHT_MEASURE
WEIGHT_UNIT
CURRENCY_CODE
PRICE
PRODUCT_PIC_URL
DUMMY_FIELD_PD
CATEGORY
VARBINARY(16)
NVARCHAR(10)
NVARCHAR(2)
VARBINARY(16)
DECIMAL(21,7)
VARBINARY(16)
DECIMAL(21,7)
VARBINARY(16)
VARBINARY(16)
VARBINARY(16)
SMALLINT
NVARCHAR(3)
DECIMAL(13,3)
NVARCHAR(3)
NVARCHAR(5)
DECIMAL(15,2)
NVARCHAR(255)
NVARCHAR(1)
NVARCHAR(40)
<pk>
<fk3>
<fk2>
<fk5>
<fk6>
<fk4>
<fk1>
SNWD_PD_CATGOS
CATEGORY
MAIN_CATEGORY
NVARCHAR(40)
NVARCHAR(40)
<pk>
was created
was changedhas name
has
supplier
has category
has description
from
Employee master
from
Employee master
from Business-
Partner master
from
Category master
BW Dimension modeling using InfoObjects as
we did it for a long time : all Attributes
assigned to one InfoObject
InfoObject IPD_DIM_1
with Attributes
Product_ID
Primary-key
dependent attributes
Employee -
Foreign-key
dependent attributes
Business-Partner -
Foreign-key
dependent attributes
Employee -
Foreign-key
dependent attributes
De-normalization using
DB-views or Extractors:
join all Product-relevant data
direct Product-Key
dependent
attributes
Product related
Source Tables DB-View
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Modeling the DWH-core with BW on HANA
Complete de-normalization of master data into InfoObjects – example 1
Advanced DSO
not for querying
Assignsourcetoviewfields
BusinessPartner: IBP_ID
Employess: IEMP_ID
SalesOrder: SO_ID
SalesOrder_Item: SOI_POS
Product: IPD_DIM_1
Time: SO_CR_AT
AssociateDimensions:
AssociateInfoObjects/OpenODSViews
Dimensions / InfoObjects
Fact table = advanced DSO
Dynamic Star Schema = CompositeProvider
All product relevant
attributes in
InfoObject
IPD_DIM_1
© 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 22Public
Modeling the DWH-core with BW on HANA
Complete de-normalization of master data into InfoObjects – example 1
What happens, if we forgot to bring
an attribute MAIN-CATEGORY into
the InfoObject IPD_DIM_1?
Add the MAIN-CATEGORY to
IPD_DIM_1 to and reload IPD_DIM_1
(the Dimension) ?
What happens, if a complete new
source arise with a set of product-
attributes?
How to deal with all the time-
characteristics ?
Add all new attributes to IPD_DIM_1 and
reload IPD_DIM_1 (the Dimension) ?
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Pros and cons of completely de-normalized dimensions/ InfoObjects
from
Employee master
from
Employee master
from Business-
Partner master
from
Category master
Completely de-normalized
Dimensions
• High performance even for complex queries– ‚no‘ joins during run-time
• Works best in stable situations (rare changes to ‘joined‘ master data)
• Means redundancies and thus realignment situations if ‘joined‘ master
data have to be initialized newly
• New attributes of ‘joined‘ master data or integrating new attributes from a
new source means change and reload of dimensions / InfoObjects
• Working as a ‘shared‘ Dimension serving multiple Star Schemas/ fact
tables (business needs) makes it difficult to maintain big entity
dimensions / InfoObjects like for Product, Business Partner etc
InfoObject IPD_DIM_1
with Attributes
Product_ID
Primary-key
dependent attributes
Employee -
Foreign-key
dependent attributes
Business-Partner -
Foreign-key
dependent attributes
Employee -
Foreign-key
dependent attributes
BW on HANA offers new features modeling DWH Dimensions/
InfoObjects more flexible if volatility of situation requires it
• InfoObject transitive Attributes (snow-flaking) - BW on HANA V 7.50 SP4
• Split Dimension into multiple InfoObjects/ Open ODS type master
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BW on HANA dynamic dimensional model
More flexibility – more agility
BW on HANA Dynamic Star Schema
• Virtual Star Schema modeling via CompositeProvider and Open ODS Views of type fact
• Dimensions modeling for flexibility
• InfoObject transitive Attributes (snow-flaking)
• Partitioned/ Split Dimension into multiple InfoObjects/ Open ODS Views type master
• Federating data across layers for agility
• Remote Dimensions (parts of) via Open ODS Views type fact
• Remote Fact-tables
• Mixed scenarios
• …
Flexibility as DWH capability smoothly adopting changes physically (source-model and data)
Agility as DWH capability interacting and integrating data virtually and physically with minimized IT involvement
BW on HANA goes the direction for increased flexibility of physically modeling data and of agile, scalable
integration of any data
© 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 25Public
BW on HANA dynamic dimensional model
BW on HANA dynamic star schema – flexibility & agility
BW on HANA Dynamic Star Schema
Define Dimensions
BW managed:
• Advanced DSO dominated by
InfoObjects or BW-type compatible Fields
BW managed:
InfoObject tables
CompositeProvider Open ODS View
BW managed:
• Advanced DSO dominated by fields
• HANA Upsert/ Insert-table of BW
HANA DataSource
Define Facts
Open ODS View InfoObject
De-normalized
Split/ partitioned/ Satellites
Snow-flaked/ transitive Attr.
persisteddata
Logical Partitioned
Data w. Aging (NLS)
Just data
Modeled data
Foreign managed:
• Local HANA tables/ DB-views
(mix scenarios)
Foreign managed:
• Remote/ virtual tables/ DB-views
(federation scenarios)
Raw DWH Layer / Open ODS Layer / Data InHub/ Data Lake/ Source Layer
Business Integrated DWH Layer / Propagation Layer
Temporal join
© 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 26Public
Modeling the DWH-core with BW on HANA
Transitive attributes – snow-flaking an InfoObject dimension – example 2
What happens, if we forgot to bring an
attribute MAIN-CATEGORY into the
InfoObject IPD_DIM_1?
The MAIN-CATEGORY (IPD_CATM) is
navigational attribute of CATEGORY
(IPD_CAT)
Context menu
• Assign navigational attribute
IPD_CATM of navigational attribute
IPD_CAT as transitive attribute
• Original, other, new InfoObject as
transitive attribute
MAIN-CATEGORY (IPD_CATM) is transitive
attribute and behaves like a navigational
attribute of IPD_DIM_1
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Modeling the DWH-Core with BW on HANA
Transitive attributes – snow-flaking an InfoObject dimension – example 3
de-normalized Dimension
Snow-flaking:
• Eliminate attributes from the
dimension table that are not direct
dependent from the primary-key
• Eliminate navigational attributes
from an InfoObject that are
dependent from a navigational
attributes
normalized snow-flaked
Product Dimension
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InfoObject transitive attributes – snow-flaking
Normalize a de-normalized Dimension – example 3
InfoObject IPD_SNOWF
has only a few navigational
attributes
• Assign navigational attribute of navigational
attribute as transitive attribute
• Original, other, new InfoObject as transitive
attribute
• Multiple snow-flaking of same InfoObject
(Employee) via referencing InfoObjects
• All Date-InfoObjects have standard navigational
time attributes
Context menu
Marked navigational attributes that
have navigational attributes
© 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 29Public
InfoObject transitive attributes – snow-flaking
Normalize a de-normalized Dimension – example 3
InfoObject IPD_SNOWF
has only a few navigational
attributes
InfoObject IPD_SNOWF
has active transitive attributes
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InfoObject transitive attributes – snow-flaking
BW dynamic star schema with snow-flaked dimension – example 3
Fact-aDSO
Composite Provider builds
Dynamic Star Schema
Time Dimension
Generated from
SO Creation Date
InfoObjects IPD_SNOWF with
transitive attributes
Product Dimension
Transitive attributes
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InfoObject transitive attributes
Modeling simple hierarchical relations – example 4
SNWD_EMPLOYEES
NODE_KEY
PARENT_KEY
EMPLOYEE_ID
FIRST_NAME
MIDDLE_NAME
LAST_NAME
INITIALS
SEX
LANGUAGE
PHONE_NUMBER
FAX_NUMBER
MOBILE_NUMBER
EMAIL_ADDRESS
LOGIN_NAME
PR_ADDRESS_GUID
VAL_START_DATE
VAL_END_DATE
CURRENCY
SALARY_AMOUNT
ACCOUNT_NUMBER
BANK_ID
BANK_NAME
EMPLOYEE_PIC_URL
VARBINARY(16)
VARBINARY(16)
NVARCHAR(10)
NVARCHAR(40)
NVARCHAR(40)
NVARCHAR(40)
NVARCHAR(10)
NVARCHAR(1)
NVARCHAR(1)
NVARCHAR(30)
NVARCHAR(30)
NVARCHAR(30)
NVARCHAR(255)
NVARCHAR(12)
VARBINARY(16)
NVARCHAR(8)
NVARCHAR(8)
NVARCHAR(5)
DECIMAL(15,2)
NVARCHAR(10)
NVARCHAR(10)
NVARCHAR(255)
NVARCHAR(255)
<pk>
<fk1>
<fk2>
Source master data e.g.
EMPLOYEES references
itself via PARENT_KEY –
what means a hierarchical
relationship
If a navigational attribute addresses
the same master data like the
Characteristic itself proceed as
follows:
• Create Reference-Characteristic
for PARENT_KEY (IEMP_PAR)
that references the Employee-
Characteristic (IEMP_ID) .
• Define the navigational Attributes
of the Characteristic IEMP_PAR
(PARENT_KEY) as transitive
Attributes
• Use again reference-
characteristics to define the
wanted transitive attributes
Source
Input DataSource
Business Integrated DWH/
Propagation Layer
Business Integrated DWH/
Propagation Layer
reference
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InfoObject transitive attributes
Modeling simple hierarchical relations – example 4
From ‘parent’
InfoObject IEMP_PAR referencing
IEMP_ID
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BW dynamic dimensional modeling
BW dynamic star schemas – snow-flaked dimensions
FACT Table
Dimension
e.g. Product
BW on HANA
Dynamic Star Schema
InfoObject
InfoObjects/ Fields
Nav. Attributes
Open ODS View Master
Nav. Attributes
Nav. Attributes
InfoObject
Nav. Attributes
Dimension
e.g. Customer
Dimension
e.g. Location
Dimension
Time
DSO (advanced), DB-Table/ View,
InfoCube, DSO (classic),
Open ODS View Master
CompositeProvider/
Open ODS View Type Fact
Keywords:
• Persistency's defined by InfoObjects or
Fields
• Star Schema defined by a BW View
i.e. CompositeProvider/ Open ODS
View type fact
• Flexible and Agile Association of
Dimensions i.e. InfoObject or Open
ODS View type master
• Partitioned/ split Dimensions
• Snow-flaked Dimensions (transitive
attributes)
InfoObject
Nav. Attributes
© 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 34Public
Modeling InfoObject dimensions
De-normalized or snow-flaked via transitive attributes?
de-normalized
Product Dimension
normalized snow-flaked
Product Dimension
Any mixture of de-normalized and
normalized snow-flaked modeling
As always: this is not a black or white question!
Modeling snow-flaked InfoObject dimensions make sense
• If foreign key entities and its attributes have different owners/ volatility
compared to the direct attribute of the primary-key of the Dimension /
InfoObject
• Keeping the core-dimension-table (InfoObject) slim, transparent and
maintainable
• If the value of de-normalizing foreign key attributes isn‘t obvious in the
business context of a dimension e.g. Employee that created a Product and
her/ his privat address
Modeling snow-flaked InfoObject dimensions make little sense
• If the values of the foreign-key attributes will not change
• Should be carefully examined if the cardinality of the primary key is high
Snow-flaking dimensions is a flavor of virtualization compared
to a de-normalized Dimension. A de-normalized dimension
means nothing else than materialized joins. Snow-flaking
dimensions means joining the data building the dimensions at
run-time.
© 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 35Public
Simplification – InfoObjects supporting transitive attributes
New with SAP BW 7.5 SP4 – a BW roadmap slide
Transitive Attributes for InfoObjects
 Add navigational attributes of one InfoObject as navigation attributes to
another InfoObject
 Ability to extend a star schema to snow flaking
• At present two levels are allowed
Increased Flexibility, Maintainability, Less Redundancy
 Changes in parent InfoObjects do not affect children
 Easier data provisioning / staging to InfoObjects (e.g. 3NF sources) and
advanced DataStore Objects
0COSTCENTER 0COMP_CODE 0PROFIT_CTR 0PCA_DEPART
0PROFIT_CTR 0RESP_USER 0PCA_DEPART
InfoObject Nav. Attr.
Nav. Attr.InfoObject Transitive
Attribute
(joined at runtime)
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BW on HANA dynamic dimensional model
BW dynamic star schema – flexibility through split/ partitioned dimensions
BW on HANA Dynamic Star Schema
Define Dimensions
BW managed:
• Advanced DSO dominated by
InfoObjects or BW-type compatible Fields
BW managed:
InfoObject tables
CompositeProvider Open ODS View
BW managed:
• Advanced DSO dominated by fields
• HANA Upsert/ Insert-table of BW
HANA DataSource
Define Facts
Open ODS View InfoObject
De-normalized
Split/ partitioned/ Satellites
Snow-flaked/ transitive Attr.
persisteddata
Logical Partitioned
Data w. Aging (NLS)
Just data
Modeled data
Foreign managed:
• Local HANA tables/ DB-views
(mix scenarios)
Foreign managed:
• Remote/ virtual tables/ DB-views
(federation scenarios)
Raw DWH Layer / Open ODS Layer / Data InHub/ Data Lake/ Source Layer
Business Integrated DWH Layer / Propagation Layer
Temporal join
© 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 37Public
Complex Business Entities
The need for flexible master data modeling
Customer example:
Challenges of master data modeling:
• Semantically different understanding of a Material
 PBG – Product corporate
 PRD – Sales Product
 ART – Article
 and a lot more: techn. materials, packaging ....
• Elements of material hierarchy as material
• Multitude of attributes
UB – Operating Division
BU – Business Unit
SBU – Strategic Business Unit
MG – Main Group
AC - Sub Group
Complex Business Entities
Pretty clear: De-normalize all Attributes into a single InfoObject is no solution!
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Product Dimension
Dimension_Y
Dimension_X
BW on HANA dynamic star schema –
Split/ partition dimensions using InfoObjects – build dimension satellites* - example 5
InfoObject_1 NAV_ATTR_1A
Dynamic Star Schema modeling
InfoObject_2 NAV_ATTR_2A NAV_ATTR_2B
BW Dynamic Star Schema – Multiple InfoObjects form a Split/ Partitioned Dimension:
InfoObjects
NAV_ATTR_2C
NAV_ATTR_1B
IPD_TEC IPD_SIZE ..
DSO (advanced)
(DSO (classic), InfoCube)
Composite Provider
F_InfoObject_1
F_InfoObject_2
IPD_SNOWF_1
F_Key_Fig_1
F_Key_Fig_N
IPD_SNOWF_2
IPD_SNOWF IPD_CAT IPD_MCAT
• Multiple InfoObjects associated to
same source InfoObject create a
split / partitioned dimension
(satellites)
Dimensions/ Master Data Modeling
persisted data
modeling
InfoObjects -
Generated tables
InfoObject_1
InfoObject_2
Key_Fig_1
Key_Fig_N
IPD_SNOWF
Product Dimension
Satellites
*The term ‘Satellites’ was introduced by Dan Linstedt
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Managing complex master data through partitioned/ split dimensions
Multiple InfoObjects for same DWH entity – create dimension satellites - example 5
Better: split/ partition the Dimension
creating a new BW master data object –
here a new InfoObject
new attributes for
Product arrive from
different owner
Integrate new attributes
into existing Dimension
(InfoObject) i.e. de-normalize further ?
Snow-flaking does not help
• A CompositeProvider allows mapping (advanced DSO)
source InfoObjects or Fields to multiple CompositeProvider
target fields . Each CompositeProvider target field allows
associating different InfoObjects together forming a split /
partitioned dimension
Scenario area
CompositeProvider
Model InfoObjects
Source
Model
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Managing complex master data through partitioned/ split dimensions
CompositeProvider addressing multiple InfoObjects for same DWH entity - example 5
• A CompositeProvider allows mapping (advanced DSO)
source InfoObjects or Fields to multiple CompositeProvider
target fields . Each CompositeProvider target field allows
associating different InfoObjects together forming a split /
partitioned dimension
Product Dimension
Part: InfoObject IPD_SNOWF with
Transitive Attribute Main Category
Output area
CompositeProvider
Preview
CompositeProviderSatellite with
commercial data
Satellite with
technical data
Product Dimension
Part: InfoObject IPD_TEC with
Navigational Attribute Product Size technical
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BW dynamic star schema and business integrated layer flexibility
Partition/ split dimension into dimension satellites using InfoObjects
Attributes of a DWH entity may behave
differently caused by different owners and
different business requirements
• Storing attributes with different behavior together in a
single dimension (InfoObject) may impact overall
stability, maintenance and availability
• In this case you should examine splitting/ partitioning
the dimension creating Dimension Satellites using
multiple InfoObjects
Summary: We can achieve flexibility with respect to Master Data introducing new attributes without impacting existing
• Persisted data (downtime)
• Data Flows and transformations (stability, testing)
Snow-flaking (transitive Attributes) and splitting dimensions into dimension satellites means that we invest gained HANA
performance into flexibility through virtualization, joining dimension data at query run-time
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BW dynamic star schema and business integrated layer flexibility
Introducing n:m relations at any time with minimal impact - example 6
What's about adding new attributes to a combination of DWH-entities i.e. adding attributes to an n:m relation between two
Entities?
Example: you have PRODUCT and BUSINESS_PARTNER in the fact table
• Product has attributes
• Business-Partner has attributes
And we now we want to add attributes at PRODUCT - BUSINESS_PARTNER level e.g. DISCOUNT– How to do it without
impacting existing persisted data and data flows of the Business Integrated/ Propagation Layer?
Pretty simple:
• Create a new InfoObject that compounds PRODUCT with BUSINESS_PARTNER and define the new Attributes like
DISCOUNT as navigational attribute and load the InfoObject
• In a CompositeProvider add PRODUCT a second time (split dimension!) as target and associated the new Compound-
InfoObject – that’s it!
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BW dynamic star schema and business integrated layer flexibility
Introducing n:m relations at any time - example 6
Compound InfoObject IPDBP_ID
Modeling n:m relationship between
Product & B-Partner
On CompositeProvider-level virtual integration
of new compound InfoObject IPDBP_ID like
any other split-dimension satellite is done
without touching any existing persistency
(advanced DSO(s), InfoObject(s)) !
InfoObjects
related to Product
InfoObjects
related to B-Partner
InfoObjects
related to Product & B-Partner
CompositeProvider
Sources




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BW dynamic star schema and business integrated layer flexibility
Introducing n:m relations at any time without changing existing persisted data or data flows - example 6
Product Dimension
InfoObject IPD_SNOWF with
Transitive Attribute Main Category
Product-B-Partner Dimension
New InfoObject IPDBP_ID
On CompositeProvider-level virtual integration of new Compound InfoObject IPDBP_ID is done like any
other split Dimension satellite without touching any existing persistency or flow!
Output area
CompositeProvider
Preview
CompositeProvider
Associate compound
InfoObject
IPDBP_ID
Public
Dynamic dimensional model for BW on HANA –
business and pattern-driven HANA DW
Building agile extensions of the DWH core integrating any raw/ field data
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BW on HANA dynamic modeling
Agility through cross layer solution modeling – from DWH to a Business Analytics Platform
So far we learned about the Flexibility modeling the Business Integrated/ Propagation Layer with BW on HANA (…LSA++ for
Simplified Data Warehousing)
• A stable, consistent and flexible Core-DWH follows a Top-Down modeling approach designing first the InfoObjects and
followed by Dimensions and Facts
The Core-DWH is the fundament transforming a DWH into a Business Analytics Platform i.e. enabling new solutions
combining, integrating and orchestrating data across layers.
Extending the Core-DWH towards a Business Analytics Platform we need the agility of tools (BW & HANA) and processes
that support
• Combination, integration, orchestration of any data with this Core-DWH
• Scalability reaching from ‘on short notice’ to ‘persisted’ integration
In short – we need a Bottom-Up Logical Data Warehousing strategy (… LSA++ for Logical Data Warehousing)
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SAP HANA DW and Business Analytics Platform
Emancipation of data, communication, integration, orchestration
SAP HANA promotes a DWH Core that supports
1. Flexibility extending the persisted DWH
2. Agility virtually extending the persisted DWH
3. Direct Analytics on DWH layers – no explicit Data
Mart Layer
4. Virtual Combination of DWH layers – reduce
redundancies
5. Virtual Combination of DWH with remote data
(federation, the Business Analytics Platform)
6. Evolutionary Data Warehouse – complement
Top-Down solutions with Bottom-Up approach - service
level driven
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From DWH to Business Analytics Platform
The Logical Data Warehouse perspective of LSA++ for SAP HANA DW
Data In-Hub/ ODS Raw DWH
Business
Integrated DWH
Data Lake Analytical Area/
Virtual Solution
CommunicationCommunication CommunicationCommunication CommunicationCommunication
CommunicationCommunication CommunicationCommunication CommunicationCommunication
Communication, Integration & Orchestration
SAP HANA & BW Services
Communication, Integration & Orchestration
SAP HANA & BW Services
 Non hierarchical, loosely coupled Information Areas
 Clear service definitions
 Communication, Integration, Orchestration rules
ERP, S/4HANA
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BW on HANA dynamic dimensional model
Dynamic - being flexible & agile – agility through cross layer modeling & virtual integration
BW on HANA Dynamic Star Schema
Define Dimensions
BW managed:
• Advanced DSO dominated by
InfoObjects or BW-type compatible Fields
BW managed:
InfoObject tables
CompositeProvider Open ODS View
BW managed:
• Advanced DSO dominated by fields
• HANA Upsert/ Insert-table of BW
HANA DataSource
Define Facts
Open ODS View InfoObject
De-normalized
Split/ partitioned/ Satellites
Snow-flaked/ transitive Attr.
persisteddata
Logical Partitioned
Data w. Aging (NLS)
Just data
Modeled data
Foreign managed:
• Local HANA tables/ DB-views
(mix scenarios)
Foreign managed:
• Remote/ virtual tables/ DB-views
(federation scenarios)
Raw DWH Layer / Open ODS Layer / Data InHub/ Data Lake/ Source Layer
Business Integrated DWH Layer / Propagation Layer
Temporal join
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Recall: Modeling functions and integration with BW on HANA
Cross layer modeling - integrating top-down and bottom-up modeling
Integration modeling
 Map fields to InfoObjects
Function modeling
 Queries
 Schemas
 Persistencies, Staging
Integration modeling
InfoObjects Fields
HANA BW Modeling Options
Integration before Function Function before Integration
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Making BW on HANA a Business Analytics Platform
Steps integrating data from any layer/ location with BW dynamic dimensional model
Expanding an existing BW dynamic dimensional model of Business Integration (Propagation) Layer based on
InfoObjects with any data from any layer (local or remote):
• Addressing data
• remote via BW HANA-DataSources and HANA Smart Data Integration
• local via BW HANA-DataSources
• Semantics and model integration
• Open ODS Views type fact, master or text
• Physical integration
• BW HANA DataSources managed replication of remote data (Upsert-, Insert-Tables)
• Advanced DSO using Fields/ InfoObjects
• Transformations i.e. prepare raw data for use with DWH context data
• BW Transformations and Structures (DataSource, InfoSource, advanced DSO)
• HANA/ sql transformations - flavor of Mixed Scenarios
• HANA SDQ (Smart Data Quality) - flavor of Mixed Scenarios (not in focus of lecture)
• Or a combination (clear guidelines necessary!)
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Query/ CompositeProvider / HANA Model
Table
SQL/ HANA View
HANADB
Table TableaDSO View/Table
aDSO
Recall: Open ODS Views & BW dynamic dimensional model
Modeling raw/ field data with Open ODS Views
Query/ CompositeProvider / HANA Model
Open
ODS View
Master data
InfoObject
RawDWH
Integrated
DWH
Open
ODS View
Master data
Open
ODS View
Fact data
InfoObject
Master data
Virtual Data Mart
View/Table
 The BW metadata model for field data consists of entities – the
Open ODS Views – defining
– Semantics of sources
(fact, master.. data)
– Semantics of source-fields
(characteristic, key figure,…)
– Associations to other Open ODS Views
– Associations to InfoObjects
 ODS Views are view constructs on various
types of source objects
– BW aDSOs/ InfoSource/ DataSources
– DB tables & SQL/ HANA views
– Virtual tables -HANA Smart Data Access
 The source object of an ODS view can be
exchanged
 From a BW-OLAP perspective, ODS Views can be consumed like
InfoProviders (facts) or InfoObjects (master data, text)
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BW on HANA dynamic dimensional model
What means dynamic? Being flexible & agile
Modeling a Dimension in BW on HANA
Defined by one or any combination of
1. InfoObject + Navigational Attributes
2. InfoObject + Navigational Attributes + (Navigational Attributes of a
Navigational Attribute) – snow-flaking / transitive Attributes
3. Splitting Dimensions in multiple InfoObjects and/ or Open ODS Views
4. Open ODS View type master on aDSO w. Fields/ InfoObjects (Raw Layer)
5. Open ODS View type master on Table/ DB-view (replicate, Data InHub)
6. Open ODS View type master on HANA virtual table (remote/ federation)
Source
Flexible &
Agile



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Integrating data from any layer using Open ODS Views
Model & semantics integration: introduce new n:m relationship virtually - example 7
CompositeProvider
Open ODS View type master
Fact data
Advanced DSO
Source
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Integrating data from any layer using Open ODS Views
Model & semantics integration: introduce new n:m relationship virtually - example 7
Product-B-Partner Dimension
Open ODS View O_PD_BPA_V
On CompositeProvider-level virtual integration of a table or DB-view via an Open ODS View O_PD_BPA_V
is done fully virtually like with any other split Dimension satellite without touching any existing data or flow!
New relations 1:n, n:m or just new attributes can be introduced at any time with no impact on existing solutions!
Product Dimension
InfoObject IPD_SNOWF with
Transitive Attribute Main Category
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BW dynamic dimensional modeling and Open ODS Views
Agile data integration across layers via Open ODS Views as Dimension Satellites (Split/ Partition)
• Attributes of an entity may reside in
different layers
• The BW Dynamic Model split dimension
pattern allows addressing multiple
persisted dimension satellites
• Dimension persistencies described by
fields (table, DB-View, advanced DSO) are
integrated via Open ODS Views
Open ODS View
O_PD_BPA_V
CompositeProvider
IPD_ID_1
IPD_ID_2
Attributes
INFOOBJECT
IPD_SNOWFDSO (advanced)DSO (advanced)
PRODUCT: IPD_SNOWFPRODUCT: IPD_SNOWF
……
Analytic Area
Product Dimension
Business Integrated DWH Layer/
Propagation Layer
Attributes
Product Dimension Satellites
DSO (advanced) /
Local/ remote table/view
DSO (advanced) /
Local/ remote table/view
RAW DWH Layer/ Open ODS/
Data In-Hub/ Source
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Making BW on HANA a Business Analytics Platform
Steps integrating data from any layer/ location with BW dynamic dimensional model
Expanding an existing BW dynamic dimensional model of Business Integration (Propagation) Layer based on
InfoObjects with any data from any layer (local or remote):
• Addressing data
• remote via BW HANA DataSources and HANA Smart Data Integration
• local via BW HANA DataSources
• Semantics and model Integration
• Open ODS Views type fact, master or text
• Physical Integration
• BW HANA DataSources managed replication of remote data (Upsert-, Insert-Tables)
• Advanced DSO using Fields/ InfoObjects
• Transformations i.e. prepare raw data for use with DWH context data
• BW Transformations and Structures (DataSource, InfoSource, advanced DSO)
• HANA/ SQL View transformations - flavor of Mixed Scenarios
• HANA SDQ (Smart Data Quality) - flavor of Mixed Scenarios (not in focus of lecture)
• Or a combination (clear guidelines necessary!)
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DB-View Transform: Integration Joins, any Transform
BW on HANA transformation options for virtual data integration
Virtual integration between Business Integration Layer and Raw / Source Layers
Tables remote or local
<Fields>
BW DataSource
<Fields>
BW InfoSource
<Fields>/ <InfoObjects>
BW advanced DSO
<Fields>/ <InfoObjects>
BW advanced DSO
<InfoObjects>
CompositeProvider
Master/ Fact Open ODS View
<Fields>/ <InfoObjects>
InfoObject
<InfoObjects>
SQL/ HANA
Views
SQL/ HANA
Views
virtual integration
Raw DWH /
Open ODS Layer
Business Integrated DWH/
Propagation Layer
InHub/ Inbound /
Source
DataSource Transform : Integration Type/ Length
Open ODS View Transform - we do our best
Options performing data Transformations integrating virtually Raw DWH/ Open ODS Layer or source level data with
Business Integrated DWH/ Propagation Layer data using Open ODS Views
DB-View Transform: Integration Joins, any Transform
BW Transform: Integration
Transforms
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BW on HANA transformation options for virtual data integration
Virtual integration between Business Integration Layer and Raw / Source Layers – example 8
• Join tables
• Provide key-mappings from
source to DWH-key e.g.
• Raw key (NODE_KEY ->
PRODUCT_ID)
• EMPC_CREATED_BY ->
EMPC_EMPLOYEE_ID
• Provide transforms – sql-cast
SQL/ HANA
Views
BW DataSource
<Fields>
• Provide BW DWH Business
transforms e.g.
• CUKY, CURR, DATS, UNIT,..
• Provide generic transforms e.g.
• DEC -> CHAR …
Tables remote or local
<Fields>
• Provide generic transforms
• Provide DWH semantics and
associations
• Be part of Dynamic Dimensional
Model
Master/ Fact Open ODS View
<Fields>/ <InfoObjects>
a date
The
DWH-
key
a currency
a
currency-
code
Join
key-mapping
delivered
Access tables directly
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BW on HANA transformation options for virtual data integration
Virtual integration between Business Integration Layer and Raw / Source Layers – example 8
Tables  SQL-View  BW DataSource  Master Open ODS View  Dimension (Satellite) in CompositeProvider
CompositeProvider
Satellite part of
Business Integrated DWH
Satellite part of
Source
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Key transformations for virtual data integration
Key mapping between layers is the prerequisite for integration
CompositeProvider
Open ODS View
aDSO –
master data
aDSO-
key info
HANA View
master data aDSO
HANA View
Join and/ or do
mapping of Raw
keys to Business
keys
Business Integrated
DWH/
Propagation Layer
Raw DWH /
Open ODS Layer
Virtual mapping of Raw DWH keys to
Business Integrated DWH keys
• HANA View for complex integration
transformations between Business
Integrated DWH and Raw DWH (Mix
Scenario)
• Simple key-mappings with provided in an
aDSO or InfoObject can be handled via
CompositeProvider and Open ODS View
What is the difference to storing the key-mapping
information persisted with Business Integrated data
or Raw DWH data?
• If you want to become mapping changes
immediately effective to all data – virtualization is
the solution
• If you want to keep the key-mapping for already
loaded data – persist the key mapping or go for
temporal joins (Slowly Changing Dimensions Type
2)
Open ODS View
Simple map -
BW Scenario
Open ODS View
HANA View
On Key aDSO
HANA View
Join
Simple map –
mix Scenario
associate
join
Generated HANA Views
complex map –
mix Scenario
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Key transformations for virtual data integration –
Example 9
aDSO –
master data
aDSO -
key info
RawDWH/
OpenODSLayer
Business Integrated Key IPD_ID
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Key transformations for virtual data integration –
Simple transform using CompositeProvider - Example 9.1
aDSO -
key info
aDSO –
master data
join
Associate Open
ODS View
Raw DWH /
Open ODS Layer
Join
Transform
Semantics
/ model
transform
Create Open ODS View
Integrate
CompositeProvider
associating
raw
Product Satellite
to mapped keys
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Key transformations for virtual data integration –
Simple transform using HANA Views - Example 9.2
Generated HANA Views
aDSO –
master data
aDSO -
key info
Generated
HANA Views
"_SYS_BIC"."PM_T_2016/R_I_PD_MAP_VIEW"
Generated SQL View


Create Open ODS View

CompositeProvider
associating
raw
Product Satellite
with mapped keys
Key mapping established
In Open ODS View
Join
Transform
Semantics
/ model
transform
Integrate
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Key transformations for virtual data integration
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Making BW on HANA a Business Analytics Platform
Steps integrating data from any layer/ location with BW dynamic dimensional model
Expanding an existing BW dynamic dimensional model of Business Integration (Propagation) Layer based on
InfoObjects with any data from any layer (local or remote):
• Addressing data
• remote via BW HANA DataSources and HANA Smart Data Integration
• local via BW HANA DataSources
• Semantics and model Integration
• Open ODS Views type fact, master or text
• Physical Integration
• BW HANA DataSources managed replication of remote data (Upsert-, Insert-Tables)
• Advanced DSO using Fields/ InfoObjects
• Transformations i.e. prepare raw data for use with DWH context data
• BW Transformations and Structures (DataSource, InfoSource, advanced DSO)
• HANA/ SQL View transformations - flavor of Mixed Scenarios
• HANA SDQ (Smart Data Quality) - flavor of Mixed Scenarios (not in focus of lecture)
• Or a combination (clear guidelines necessary!)
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SAP HANA
SAP BW
HANA
Remote Source
Table/View
Smart Data Integration
Smart Data Access
Advanced
DSO
HANA DataSource
DIRECT
ACCESS
OpenODS View
Virtual
CompositeProvider
Virtual
REAL TIME
Streaming
Table/View
REPLICATION
Platform Integration – HANA SDI
New with SAP BW 7.5 SP4
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Integration Scenarios with SAP BW – General Availability
• Direct access to any Smart Data Integration (SDI) remote source*
via Open ODS View
• SDI real-time replication managed by HANA DataSource
• UPSERT table for actual view / INSERT table for history preserving
• Replicate source data in original format to BW (using HANA data types)
• Inbuilt mapping of source data types to ABAP data types when using HANA
DataSource in reporting or ETL loads within BW
• Direct access from OpenODS View to HANA DataSource
• Full / delta upload into advanced DataStore Objects
• Real-time streaming from UPSERT / INSERT table into advanced DataStore
Object possible
• SAP HANA Multi-tenant Database Container (MDC) support for HANA
DataSource (SAP BW 7.5 SP5, BWMT 1.15)**
• SAP HANA DataSource Integration with Streaming Process Chains
UPSERT
Table
* See Documentation: Data Provisioning Adapters
** See SAP Note 2312583
INSERT
Table
Public
Composition Model for SAP HANA SQL DW –
customer-defined HANA DW
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Selecting a data model for HANA SQL-DW
3NF Model
Data Vault model
Composition model
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Extremely different ways modeling a DWH
Dimensional model (Kimball) and data vault model (Lindstedt, Inmon)
SNWD_PD_DE_NORMALIZED
NODE_KEY
PRODUCT_ID
TYPE_CODE
CREATED_BY
CREATED_AT
CHANGED_BY
CHANGED_AT
NAME_GUID
DESC_GUID
SUPPLIER_GUID
TAX_TARIF_CODE
MEASURE_UNIT
WEIGHT_MEASURE
WEIGHT_UNIT
CURRENCY_CODE
PRICE
PRODUCT_PIC_URL
WIDTH
DEPTH
HEIGHT
DIM_UNIT
DUMMY_FIELD_PD
CATEGORY
MAIN_CATEGORY
BP_ROLE
EMAIL_ADDRESS
PHONE_NUMBER
FAX_NUMBER
WEB_ADDRESS
BP_ID
COMPANY_NAME
LEGAL_FORM
EMPLOYEE_ID
LAST_NAME
FIRST_NAME
EMAIL_ADDRESS2
PARENT_KEY
NODE_KEY2
NODE_KEY3
LANGUAGE
NODE_KEY4
TEXT
VARBINARY(16)
NVARCHAR(10)
NVARCHAR(2)
VARBINARY(16)
DECIMAL(21,7)
VARBINARY(16)
DECIMAL(21,7)
VARBINARY(16)
VARBINARY(16)
VARBINARY(16)
SMALLINT
NVARCHAR(3)
DECIMAL(13,3)
NVARCHAR(3)
NVARCHAR(5)
DECIMAL(15,2)
NVARCHAR(255)
DECIMAL(13,3)
DECIMAL(13,3)
DECIMAL(13,3)
NVARCHAR(3)
NVARCHAR(1)
NVARCHAR(40)
NVARCHAR(40)
NVARCHAR(3)
NVARCHAR(255)
NVARCHAR(30)
NVARCHAR(30)
NVARCHAR(255)
NVARCHAR(10)
NVARCHAR(80)
NVARCHAR(10)
NVARCHAR(10)
NVARCHAR(40)
NVARCHAR(40)
NVARCHAR(255)
VARBINARY(16)
VARBINARY(16)
VARBINARY(16)
NVARCHAR(1)
VARBINARY(16)
NVARCHAR(255)
Foreignkeyspointtoentities
‘No‘ foreign keys
foreign keys modeled as entities (links – red tables)
transactional Hub data
transactional/
factdata
‘split‘ data-
atomize
Dimensional modeled
persisted DWH
Data Vault modeled
persisted DWH
‘join’ data –
de-normalize
3NF modeled –
source data
What DWH model fits best
to SAP HANA DWH ?
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HANA SQL DW - selecting a DWH data model
Customer preferences – situation - requirements
De-
normalized
Atomic
Dimensional Composition Data Vault
SQL-DW Data Vault
 Fully traceable and auditable
 Full history tracking
 Full flexibility
 Need of persisted Star Schemas
- Agility ? Complexity ?
Composition Model for HANA
SQL-DW
 Query-able DWH
 Customer-defined services
 Scalable flexibility
Dimensional Model
 High Performance DWH-Querying
 Business oriented
BW Dynamic Dimensional
scalable Composition model
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Composition model for HANA SQL-DW
Introduction
The composition model follows the SAP HANA direction minimizing
persisted data in our landscape i.e.
 Enable direct querying on any persisted DWH layer
 Avoid persisted Star schema creation on top of persisted DWH layer
 Be pragmatic with respect to usage and degree of DWH services &
patterns (-> customer decisions)
 History/ Versioning
 Auditability
 Flexibility (e.g. usage of surrogate keys, degree of normalization)
 …
 Be scalable with respect to later introduction of DWH services through
virtualization
Satellites – split attributesSatellites – split attributes
Satellites – split attributesSatellites – split attributes
Satellites – split attributesSatellites – split attributes
Entity – the key(s)Entity – the key(s)
The composition model for a HANA SQL-DW is a pragmatic modeling approach
 Combining strengths of the dimensional model with other modeling approaches (e.g. data vault)
 Having business requirements in focus instead of theoretical paradigms
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Composition model for HANA SQL-DW
Entity–satellite* pattern design basics
Ownership:
Volatility - Stability
History –
Snapshot
Federated -
RepositoryBottom up (incremental) –
Top down (comprehensive)
High volume -
Normal
Entity-Satellite Design Drivers
Raw (Source Key) -
Integrated (Business Key/
Surrogate Key)
Normalized (flexible) –
De-normalized (agile)
Real time -
DWH services
Entity as root:
• Query/ retrieval
• Consistency
• Load synchronization
• Integration
Satellites – split attributesSatellites – split attributes
Satellites – split attributesSatellites – split attributes
Satellites – split attributesSatellites – split attributes
Entity – the key(s)Entity – the key(s)
DWH Design Drivers
*The term ‘Satellites’ was introduced by Dan Linstedt
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Modeling the HANA SQL-DW with composition model
Example A – SNWD source model
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Modeling the HANA SQL-DW with composition model
Example A – from 3NF to composition model
3NF model tables composition model tables
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BK-PK11 BK-PKA FROM TO
time-dependent
Attr13 Attr14BK-PK11 BK-PKA FROM TO
time-dependent
Attr13 Attr14
Composition model for HANA SQL-DW
Entity-satellite pattern
BK-PKA
technical attributes
entity ‘A‘ entity table
BK-PKA FROM TO
time-dependent attributes
A1 A2 A3 A4 BK-PKB BK-PKC C1 BK-PKD
entity ‘A‘ satellite tables (time-dependent)
BK-PKA
not time-dependent
Attr11 Attr12 BK-PKXBK-PKA
not time-dependent
Attr11 Attr12 BK-PKXBK-PKA
not time-dependent attributes
A5 A6 A7 A8 A9 BK-PKX X1 X2 X3
entity ‘A‘satellite tables (not time-dependent)
Entity B Entity D
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Composition model for HANA SQL-DW
Entity-satellite pattern – entity tables
Entities define the subjects like Materials, Employees, Sales-Orders … and get an own entity table
• Entity tables store field(s) that define the business key as primary key
• DWH Surrogate-keys may be used
• Technical Fields
• Origin
• Date when inserted
• Once inserted these fields are never changed or deleted
Special entity design options
• n:m relationships between entities
• E.g. Material on Plant level
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Composition model for HANA SQL-DW
Entity-satellite pattern – satellites tables
The composition model seperates the attributes of an entity from the entity keys
• Satellites tables store the attributes of an entity
• Attributes of core entities should be stored in different satellite tables taken ownership, volatility, …. into account
• The satellite tables inherit the primary key of the entity
• Satellites are either of type Snapshot or Versioned
• Versioned Satellite tables have in addition a Valid_From field
as part of the primary key
• 1:n relations are stored as foreign-keys in satellites
• 1:n relations may be stored as dedicated entity table
• The field DWH_ACTIVE_RECORD addresses the actual record
• Records are never deleted (‘reset’ DWH_ACTIVE_FROM)
Satellite-Snapshot Satellite-Snapshot
© 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 79Public
Composition model for HANA SQL-DW
Entity-satellite pattern – special aspects
• History/ versions for attribute needs always a satellite table
• Actual snapshot attributes may be stored in the entity table for
simplicity reasons (transaction data entities for example)
Satellite-Snapshot
Satellite-Snapshot
© 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 81Public
• Versioned and snapshot data ?
• Volatile situation, core entity ?
 Entity + snow-flaked versioned and
snapshot satellites
• Versioned data ?
 Add a versioned satellite:
• Just actual data (snapshots) ?
 Add a snapshot satellite:
Evolutionary DWH design with composition model
Start simple and evolve – minimize impact of model changes
• Just actual data (snapshots) ?
• Stable situation, simple entity ?
 A simple dimension table will do:
newattributesarrive
new attributes arrive
requirements increase
challenging requirements
Start simple and evolve
twobasicoptions
© 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 82Public
Virtual data marts with calculation views on composition model
Example – querying the DWH layers
EPM_BUSINESS_PARTNER_DIM_ACT
EPM_STAR_SO_HDR
© 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 83Public
Composition model for HANA DW
BW on HANA takes over management of entities and satellites
3NF Model
Composition Model with BW on HANA
© 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 84Public
BW on HANA takes over management of entities and satellites
Calculation views build virtual data marts
BW_BUSINESS_PARTNER_DIM_ACT
Composition model with
BW on HANA
Generated Views on
Composition Model with
BW on HANA
Build Dimension & Fact
Views on Composition
Model with BW on HANA
© 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 85Public
Composition model for HANA DW
Virtual data marts on SQL-DW and BW on HANA
Star Schema on Composition Model on
HANA SQL-DW
Star Schema on Composition Model on
BW on HANA
… the result is the same …
Public
Summary
© 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 87Public
SAP HANA DW data model
Streamlining proven DWH services – use the value of virtualization - summary
SAP HANA DW data model direction:
Evolving a DWH to a Business Analytics Platform
• The BW on HANA dynamic dimensional model and
• The composition model for SAP HANA SQL-DW
Both modeling approaches support
1. A flexible persisted DWH capable absorbing changes
with minimal impact
2. An agile DWH capable integrating virtually any data –
local or remote
3. Direct Analytics on DWH layers – no explicit Data Mart Layer
4. Virtual Combination of DWH layers – reduce redundancies
5. Evolutionary Data Warehouse in addition to core-DWH
deployment – complement Top-Down solutions with Bottom-Up
approach - service level driven
two sides of the
same coin
© 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 88Public
Thanks for attending this session.
Please complete your
session evaluation for
DMM302.
Contact information:
Juergen Haupt
juergen.haupt@sap.com
Ulrich Christ
Dr.
ulrich.christ@sap.com
Feedback
© 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 89Public
Further information
Related SAP TechEd sessions:
DMM265 – SAP HANA Data Warehousing: Introduction to Data Modeling in SAP HANA
DMM213 – SAP HANA Data Warehousing: Data Lifecycle Management and Data Aging
DMM270 – SAP HANA Data Warehousing: Simplified Modeling with SAP BW 7.5 SP4
DMM272 – SAP HANA Data Warehousing: Mixed Scenario for SAP BW and SQL DW on SAP HANA
DMM300 – Mixed Scenarios for SAP HANA Data Warehousing: Overview and Experiences
Hands-On Workshop
Lecture
Hands-On Workshop
Hands-On Workshop
Lecture
SAP Public Web
scn.sap.com
www.sap.com
SAP Education and Certification Opportunities
www.sap.com/education
Watch SAP TechEd Online
www.sapteched.com/online
© 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 90Public
SAP TechEd Online
Continue your SAP TechEd
education after the event!
Access replays of
 Keynotes
 Demo Jam
 SAP TechEd live interviews
 Select lecture sessions
 Hands-on sessions
 …
http://sapteched.com/online

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Dmm302 - Sap Hana Data Warehousing: Models for Sap Bw and SQL DW on SAP HANA

  • 1. Public DMM302 - SAP HANA Data Warehousing: Models for SAP BW and SQL DW on SAP HANA
  • 2. © 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 2Public Speakers Bangalore, October 5 - 7 Sreepriya, G Las Vegas, Sept 19 - 23 Marc Bernard Josh Djupstrom Barcelona, Nov 8 - 10 Juergen Haupt Ulrich Christ
  • 3. © 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 3Public Disclaimer The information in this presentation is confidential and proprietary to SAP and may not be disclosed without the permission of SAP. Except for your obligation to protect confidential information, this presentation is not subject to your license agreement or any other service or subscription agreement with SAP. SAP has no obligation to pursue any course of business outlined in this presentation or any related document, or to develop or release any functionality mentioned therein. This presentation, or any related document and SAP's strategy and possible future developments, products and or platforms directions and functionality are all subject to change and may be changed by SAP at any time for any reason without notice. The information in this presentation is not a commitment, promise or legal obligation to deliver any material, code or functionality. This presentation is provided without a warranty of any kind, either express or implied, including but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, or non-infringement. This presentation is for informational purposes and may not be incorporated into a contract. SAP assumes no responsibility for errors or omissions in this presentation, except if such damages were caused by SAP’s intentional or gross negligence. All forward-looking statements are subject to various risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from expectations. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of their dates, and they should not be relied upon in making purchasing decisions.
  • 4. © 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 4Public Agenda SAP HANA DW directions SAP HANA DW - evolving the DWH to a Business Analytics Platform SAP HANA DW and DWH data model  Dynamic dimensional model for BW on HANA – business and pattern-driven HANA DW – Building a flexible DWH core capable absorbing changes with minimal impact – Building agile extensions of the DWH core integrating any raw/ field data  Composition Model for SAP HANA SQL DW – customer-defined HANA DW Summary
  • 5. Public SAP HANA DW directions
  • 6. © 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 6Public Application driven approach, SAP BW as EDW application with integrated services • SAP BW as an application serves as a platform offering all required data warehousing services via one integrated repository  No additional tools for modelling, monitoring and managing the data warehouse required, but can be integrated SAP BW SAP HANA Scheduling & Monitoring Modeling Planning OLAP Lifecycle Management ETL Scheduling Tool Modeling Tools Planning Tool Monitoring Tool Lifecycle Management Tool ETL Tool SQL driven approach, SAP HANA with loosely coupled tools and platform services, logically combined  Database approaches require several loosely couple tools to fulfill the necessary tasks with separate repositories  A combination of tools (such as best of breed) used to build the data warehouse SAP – Data Warehousing approaches Two approaches SAP HANA
  • 7. © 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 7Public SAP HANA DWSAP HANA DW SAP HANA DWSAP HANA DWSAP HANA DWSAP HANA DW Optional Components DW Foundation Power Designer HANA EIM Business Warehouse SAP HANA Platform SAP HANA Platform Planning and Definition VisionExecution and delivery 2015 2016 - 2018 Market presence in Data Warehousing with a clear roadmap Strong and simplified offering with tight integration Convergence into one technology stack addressing BW and SQL based DW needs DWH Foundation Power Designer HANA EIM Business Warehouse SAP HANA PlatformSAP HANA Platform DW ModelingDW Modeling DW ETL & DMDW ETL & DM SAP HANA Platform SAP HANA Platform Analytics , BI Suite, Predictive Analytics , BI Suite, Predictive Analytics , BI Suite, Predictive Hadoop SAP HANA Vora Hadoop SAP HANA Vora Hadoop SAP HANA Vora Hadoop SAP HANA Vora Hadoop SAP HANA Vora Hadoop SAP HANA Vora Statement of Direction – Current DW Portfolio
  • 8. Public SAP HANA DW - evolving the DWH to a Business Analytics Platform
  • 9. © 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 9Public Traditional DWH layer architecture / LSA (Layered Scalable Architecture) Still appropriate on SAP HANA ? Business Integrated DWH/ Propagation Layer Business Integrated DWH/ Propagation Layer Architected Data Marts SourceSource Staging Acquisition Layer Raw DWH/ Open ODS Layer Query-ready data Cross source harmonized, cleansed data • Source related data with DWH services • For comparison with integrated DWH Prepare data for DWH Source data Topdownmodeling • Hierarchical Architecture • Data Mart Layer as the query able layer • All Layers primarily as service provider for the Data Mart Layer • Data moved from layer to layer • Costly top down modeling process – time to market …. • .. Still the only way?
  • 10. © 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 10Public Business Integrated DWH/ Propagation Layer historic historic SAP HANA DW The ‚simplified DWH‘ perspective of LSA++ Business/ Service Level Requirements Architected Data MartsArchitected Data Marts most recent Virtual Data Marts/ Virtual Transformations BottomupBottomup Topdown Data In-Hub/ Staging Acquisition Layer Raw DWH/ Open ODS Layer actual/ most recent SourceSource / Data Lake/ Data Lake • Integrated business entities & values • Integrate multiple sources/ raw DWHs  Virtual Data Marts on any Layer  Virtual Transformations  Source dominated DWH  Source driven DWH entities & values Normally obsolete  Virtual Transforms  Data Consumption
  • 11. © 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 11Public SAP HANA DW and Business Analytics Platform Emancipation of data, communication, integration, orchestration SAP HANA promotes a DWH Core that supports 1. Flexibility extending the persisted DWH 2. Agility virtually extending the persisted DWH 3. Direct Analytics on DWH layers – no explicit Data Mart Layer 4. Virtual Combination of DWH layers – reduce redundancies 5. Virtual Combination of DWH with remote data (federation, the Business Analytics Platform) 6. Evolutionary Data Warehouse – complement Top-Down solutions with Bottom-Up approach - service level driven
  • 12. © 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 12Public From DWH to Business Analytics Platform The Logical Data Warehouse perspective of LSA++ for SAP HANA DW Data In-Hub/ ODS Raw DWH Business Integrated DWH Data Lake Analytical Area/ Virtual Solution CommunicationCommunication CommunicationCommunication CommunicationCommunication CommunicationCommunication CommunicationCommunication CommunicationCommunication Communication, Integration & Orchestration SAP HANA & BW Services Communication, Integration & Orchestration SAP HANA & BW Services  Non hierarchical, loosely coupled Information Areas  Clear service definitions  Communication, Integration, Orchestration rules ERP, S/4HANA
  • 13. Public SAP HANA DW and DWH data model
  • 14. © 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 14Public Business Integrated DWH Data-InHub Raw DWH Source SAP HANA DW & DWH data models Data Models in concert – for query-performance, flexibility & ease of integration Data Models everywhere: Dimensional Model Data Marts: Dimensional Model • Dimensional Model • Composition Model • Data Vault Model 3NF Model 3NF Model The data warehouse data model for a SAP HANA DW should promote • Performant querying on persisted DWH Layer data without creation of additional persisted Data Marts • Ease of integration of any data outside of the HANA DW (Agility) • Flexibility covering classic DWH requirements Persisteddata Virtual Data Marts • Dimensional Model • Composition Model • Data Vault Model
  • 15. © 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 15Public Legacy Source Model Observations: • GUIDs (BINARY(16)) as Keys e.g. NODE_KEY of SNWD_SO • Date-fields as DECIMAL(21,7) e.g. CREATED_AT of SNWD_SO • Hierarchical relations via foreign-key e.g. PARENT_KEY of SNWD_EMPLOYEES • Business-Keys as attributes e.g. PRODUCT_ID of SNWD_PD From legacy 3NF source model to a HANA DW data model Basis for our examples Master data Transactiondata Master data
  • 16. Public Dynamic dimensional model for BW on HANA – business and pattern-driven HANA DW Building a flexible DWH core capable absorbing changes with minimal impact
  • 17. © 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 17Public Data In-Hub/ Staging Acquisition Layer BW on HANA and LSA++ Modeling the core DWH using InfoObjects - examples Business/ Service Level Requirements Architected Data MartsArchitected Data Marts Virtual Data Marts/ Virtualization BottomupBottomup Topdown  Source dominated DWH  Source driven DWH entities & values • Integrated business entities & values • Data from multiple sources/ raw DWHs Raw DWH/ Open ODS Layer SourceSource / Data Lake/ Data Lake Business Integrated DWH/ Propagation Layer
  • 18. © 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 18Public BW dimensional modeling - BW flat star schema until BW 740 SP8 Automated star schema generation Flat InfoCube, DSO (classic) FACT Table Dimension e.g. Product BW on HANA Flat Star Schema InfoObject InfoObjects Nav. Attributes InfoObject Nav. Attributes InfoObject Nav. Attributes InfoObject Nav. Attributes Dimension e.g. Customer Dimension e.g. Location Dimension Time Keywords: • Fact data & dimension data defined via InfoObjects • InfoObjects of Fact-table define Dimensions • Automated Association of Master Data (Dimensions) • Highly de-normalized i.e. all attributes of a Dimension in one place (InfoObject p-/q-table) • High performance schema but • Limited flexibility adding new attributes • Limited flexibility adding new relationships (e.g. n:m)
  • 19. © 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 19Public BW dimensional modeling BW views define the dynamic star schema – 1st overview FACT Table Dimension e.g. Product BW on HANA Dynamic Star SchemaInfoObject InfoObjects/ Fields Nav. Attributes Open ODS View Master Nav. Attributes Nav. Attributes InfoObject Nav. Attributes Dimension e.g. Customer Dimension e.g. Location Dimension Time DSO (advanced), DB-Table/ View, InfoCube, DSO (classic), Open ODS View Master CompositeProvider/ Open ODS View Type Fact Keywords: • Persistency's defined by InfoObjects or Fields • Star Schema defined by a BW View i.e. CompositeProvider/ Open ODS View type fact • Flexible and Agile Association of Dimensions i.e. InfoObject or Open ODS View type master • Partitioned/ split Dimensions • Snow-flaked Dimensions (transitive attributes)
  • 20. © 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 20Public BW on HANA dimensions modeling using InfoObjects Complete de-normalization of master data into InfoObjects – example 1 SNWD_PD NODE_KEY PRODUCT_ID TYPE_CODE CREATED_BY CREATED_AT CHANGED_BY CHANGED_AT NAME_GUID DESC_GUID SUPPLIER_GUID TAX_TARIF_CODE MEASURE_UNIT WEIGHT_MEASURE WEIGHT_UNIT CURRENCY_CODE PRICE PRODUCT_PIC_URL DUMMY_FIELD_PD CATEGORY VARBINARY(16) NVARCHAR(10) NVARCHAR(2) VARBINARY(16) DECIMAL(21,7) VARBINARY(16) DECIMAL(21,7) VARBINARY(16) VARBINARY(16) VARBINARY(16) SMALLINT NVARCHAR(3) DECIMAL(13,3) NVARCHAR(3) NVARCHAR(5) DECIMAL(15,2) NVARCHAR(255) NVARCHAR(1) NVARCHAR(40) <pk> <fk3> <fk2> <fk5> <fk6> <fk4> <fk1> SNWD_PD_CATGOS CATEGORY MAIN_CATEGORY NVARCHAR(40) NVARCHAR(40) <pk> was created was changedhas name has supplier has category has description from Employee master from Employee master from Business- Partner master from Category master BW Dimension modeling using InfoObjects as we did it for a long time : all Attributes assigned to one InfoObject InfoObject IPD_DIM_1 with Attributes Product_ID Primary-key dependent attributes Employee - Foreign-key dependent attributes Business-Partner - Foreign-key dependent attributes Employee - Foreign-key dependent attributes De-normalization using DB-views or Extractors: join all Product-relevant data direct Product-Key dependent attributes Product related Source Tables DB-View
  • 21. © 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 21Public Modeling the DWH-core with BW on HANA Complete de-normalization of master data into InfoObjects – example 1 Advanced DSO not for querying Assignsourcetoviewfields BusinessPartner: IBP_ID Employess: IEMP_ID SalesOrder: SO_ID SalesOrder_Item: SOI_POS Product: IPD_DIM_1 Time: SO_CR_AT AssociateDimensions: AssociateInfoObjects/OpenODSViews Dimensions / InfoObjects Fact table = advanced DSO Dynamic Star Schema = CompositeProvider All product relevant attributes in InfoObject IPD_DIM_1
  • 22. © 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 22Public Modeling the DWH-core with BW on HANA Complete de-normalization of master data into InfoObjects – example 1 What happens, if we forgot to bring an attribute MAIN-CATEGORY into the InfoObject IPD_DIM_1? Add the MAIN-CATEGORY to IPD_DIM_1 to and reload IPD_DIM_1 (the Dimension) ? What happens, if a complete new source arise with a set of product- attributes? How to deal with all the time- characteristics ? Add all new attributes to IPD_DIM_1 and reload IPD_DIM_1 (the Dimension) ?
  • 23. © 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 23Public Pros and cons of completely de-normalized dimensions/ InfoObjects from Employee master from Employee master from Business- Partner master from Category master Completely de-normalized Dimensions • High performance even for complex queries– ‚no‘ joins during run-time • Works best in stable situations (rare changes to ‘joined‘ master data) • Means redundancies and thus realignment situations if ‘joined‘ master data have to be initialized newly • New attributes of ‘joined‘ master data or integrating new attributes from a new source means change and reload of dimensions / InfoObjects • Working as a ‘shared‘ Dimension serving multiple Star Schemas/ fact tables (business needs) makes it difficult to maintain big entity dimensions / InfoObjects like for Product, Business Partner etc InfoObject IPD_DIM_1 with Attributes Product_ID Primary-key dependent attributes Employee - Foreign-key dependent attributes Business-Partner - Foreign-key dependent attributes Employee - Foreign-key dependent attributes BW on HANA offers new features modeling DWH Dimensions/ InfoObjects more flexible if volatility of situation requires it • InfoObject transitive Attributes (snow-flaking) - BW on HANA V 7.50 SP4 • Split Dimension into multiple InfoObjects/ Open ODS type master
  • 24. © 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 24Public BW on HANA dynamic dimensional model More flexibility – more agility BW on HANA Dynamic Star Schema • Virtual Star Schema modeling via CompositeProvider and Open ODS Views of type fact • Dimensions modeling for flexibility • InfoObject transitive Attributes (snow-flaking) • Partitioned/ Split Dimension into multiple InfoObjects/ Open ODS Views type master • Federating data across layers for agility • Remote Dimensions (parts of) via Open ODS Views type fact • Remote Fact-tables • Mixed scenarios • … Flexibility as DWH capability smoothly adopting changes physically (source-model and data) Agility as DWH capability interacting and integrating data virtually and physically with minimized IT involvement BW on HANA goes the direction for increased flexibility of physically modeling data and of agile, scalable integration of any data
  • 25. © 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 25Public BW on HANA dynamic dimensional model BW on HANA dynamic star schema – flexibility & agility BW on HANA Dynamic Star Schema Define Dimensions BW managed: • Advanced DSO dominated by InfoObjects or BW-type compatible Fields BW managed: InfoObject tables CompositeProvider Open ODS View BW managed: • Advanced DSO dominated by fields • HANA Upsert/ Insert-table of BW HANA DataSource Define Facts Open ODS View InfoObject De-normalized Split/ partitioned/ Satellites Snow-flaked/ transitive Attr. persisteddata Logical Partitioned Data w. Aging (NLS) Just data Modeled data Foreign managed: • Local HANA tables/ DB-views (mix scenarios) Foreign managed: • Remote/ virtual tables/ DB-views (federation scenarios) Raw DWH Layer / Open ODS Layer / Data InHub/ Data Lake/ Source Layer Business Integrated DWH Layer / Propagation Layer Temporal join
  • 26. © 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 26Public Modeling the DWH-core with BW on HANA Transitive attributes – snow-flaking an InfoObject dimension – example 2 What happens, if we forgot to bring an attribute MAIN-CATEGORY into the InfoObject IPD_DIM_1? The MAIN-CATEGORY (IPD_CATM) is navigational attribute of CATEGORY (IPD_CAT) Context menu • Assign navigational attribute IPD_CATM of navigational attribute IPD_CAT as transitive attribute • Original, other, new InfoObject as transitive attribute MAIN-CATEGORY (IPD_CATM) is transitive attribute and behaves like a navigational attribute of IPD_DIM_1
  • 27. © 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 27Public Modeling the DWH-Core with BW on HANA Transitive attributes – snow-flaking an InfoObject dimension – example 3 de-normalized Dimension Snow-flaking: • Eliminate attributes from the dimension table that are not direct dependent from the primary-key • Eliminate navigational attributes from an InfoObject that are dependent from a navigational attributes normalized snow-flaked Product Dimension
  • 28. © 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 28Public InfoObject transitive attributes – snow-flaking Normalize a de-normalized Dimension – example 3 InfoObject IPD_SNOWF has only a few navigational attributes • Assign navigational attribute of navigational attribute as transitive attribute • Original, other, new InfoObject as transitive attribute • Multiple snow-flaking of same InfoObject (Employee) via referencing InfoObjects • All Date-InfoObjects have standard navigational time attributes Context menu Marked navigational attributes that have navigational attributes
  • 29. © 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 29Public InfoObject transitive attributes – snow-flaking Normalize a de-normalized Dimension – example 3 InfoObject IPD_SNOWF has only a few navigational attributes InfoObject IPD_SNOWF has active transitive attributes
  • 30. © 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 30Public InfoObject transitive attributes – snow-flaking BW dynamic star schema with snow-flaked dimension – example 3 Fact-aDSO Composite Provider builds Dynamic Star Schema Time Dimension Generated from SO Creation Date InfoObjects IPD_SNOWF with transitive attributes Product Dimension Transitive attributes
  • 31. © 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 31Public InfoObject transitive attributes Modeling simple hierarchical relations – example 4 SNWD_EMPLOYEES NODE_KEY PARENT_KEY EMPLOYEE_ID FIRST_NAME MIDDLE_NAME LAST_NAME INITIALS SEX LANGUAGE PHONE_NUMBER FAX_NUMBER MOBILE_NUMBER EMAIL_ADDRESS LOGIN_NAME PR_ADDRESS_GUID VAL_START_DATE VAL_END_DATE CURRENCY SALARY_AMOUNT ACCOUNT_NUMBER BANK_ID BANK_NAME EMPLOYEE_PIC_URL VARBINARY(16) VARBINARY(16) NVARCHAR(10) NVARCHAR(40) NVARCHAR(40) NVARCHAR(40) NVARCHAR(10) NVARCHAR(1) NVARCHAR(1) NVARCHAR(30) NVARCHAR(30) NVARCHAR(30) NVARCHAR(255) NVARCHAR(12) VARBINARY(16) NVARCHAR(8) NVARCHAR(8) NVARCHAR(5) DECIMAL(15,2) NVARCHAR(10) NVARCHAR(10) NVARCHAR(255) NVARCHAR(255) <pk> <fk1> <fk2> Source master data e.g. EMPLOYEES references itself via PARENT_KEY – what means a hierarchical relationship If a navigational attribute addresses the same master data like the Characteristic itself proceed as follows: • Create Reference-Characteristic for PARENT_KEY (IEMP_PAR) that references the Employee- Characteristic (IEMP_ID) . • Define the navigational Attributes of the Characteristic IEMP_PAR (PARENT_KEY) as transitive Attributes • Use again reference- characteristics to define the wanted transitive attributes Source Input DataSource Business Integrated DWH/ Propagation Layer Business Integrated DWH/ Propagation Layer reference
  • 32. © 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 32Public InfoObject transitive attributes Modeling simple hierarchical relations – example 4 From ‘parent’ InfoObject IEMP_PAR referencing IEMP_ID
  • 33. © 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 33Public BW dynamic dimensional modeling BW dynamic star schemas – snow-flaked dimensions FACT Table Dimension e.g. Product BW on HANA Dynamic Star Schema InfoObject InfoObjects/ Fields Nav. Attributes Open ODS View Master Nav. Attributes Nav. Attributes InfoObject Nav. Attributes Dimension e.g. Customer Dimension e.g. Location Dimension Time DSO (advanced), DB-Table/ View, InfoCube, DSO (classic), Open ODS View Master CompositeProvider/ Open ODS View Type Fact Keywords: • Persistency's defined by InfoObjects or Fields • Star Schema defined by a BW View i.e. CompositeProvider/ Open ODS View type fact • Flexible and Agile Association of Dimensions i.e. InfoObject or Open ODS View type master • Partitioned/ split Dimensions • Snow-flaked Dimensions (transitive attributes) InfoObject Nav. Attributes
  • 34. © 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 34Public Modeling InfoObject dimensions De-normalized or snow-flaked via transitive attributes? de-normalized Product Dimension normalized snow-flaked Product Dimension Any mixture of de-normalized and normalized snow-flaked modeling As always: this is not a black or white question! Modeling snow-flaked InfoObject dimensions make sense • If foreign key entities and its attributes have different owners/ volatility compared to the direct attribute of the primary-key of the Dimension / InfoObject • Keeping the core-dimension-table (InfoObject) slim, transparent and maintainable • If the value of de-normalizing foreign key attributes isn‘t obvious in the business context of a dimension e.g. Employee that created a Product and her/ his privat address Modeling snow-flaked InfoObject dimensions make little sense • If the values of the foreign-key attributes will not change • Should be carefully examined if the cardinality of the primary key is high Snow-flaking dimensions is a flavor of virtualization compared to a de-normalized Dimension. A de-normalized dimension means nothing else than materialized joins. Snow-flaking dimensions means joining the data building the dimensions at run-time.
  • 35. © 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 35Public Simplification – InfoObjects supporting transitive attributes New with SAP BW 7.5 SP4 – a BW roadmap slide Transitive Attributes for InfoObjects  Add navigational attributes of one InfoObject as navigation attributes to another InfoObject  Ability to extend a star schema to snow flaking • At present two levels are allowed Increased Flexibility, Maintainability, Less Redundancy  Changes in parent InfoObjects do not affect children  Easier data provisioning / staging to InfoObjects (e.g. 3NF sources) and advanced DataStore Objects 0COSTCENTER 0COMP_CODE 0PROFIT_CTR 0PCA_DEPART 0PROFIT_CTR 0RESP_USER 0PCA_DEPART InfoObject Nav. Attr. Nav. Attr.InfoObject Transitive Attribute (joined at runtime)
  • 36. © 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 36Public BW on HANA dynamic dimensional model BW dynamic star schema – flexibility through split/ partitioned dimensions BW on HANA Dynamic Star Schema Define Dimensions BW managed: • Advanced DSO dominated by InfoObjects or BW-type compatible Fields BW managed: InfoObject tables CompositeProvider Open ODS View BW managed: • Advanced DSO dominated by fields • HANA Upsert/ Insert-table of BW HANA DataSource Define Facts Open ODS View InfoObject De-normalized Split/ partitioned/ Satellites Snow-flaked/ transitive Attr. persisteddata Logical Partitioned Data w. Aging (NLS) Just data Modeled data Foreign managed: • Local HANA tables/ DB-views (mix scenarios) Foreign managed: • Remote/ virtual tables/ DB-views (federation scenarios) Raw DWH Layer / Open ODS Layer / Data InHub/ Data Lake/ Source Layer Business Integrated DWH Layer / Propagation Layer Temporal join
  • 37. © 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 37Public Complex Business Entities The need for flexible master data modeling Customer example: Challenges of master data modeling: • Semantically different understanding of a Material  PBG – Product corporate  PRD – Sales Product  ART – Article  and a lot more: techn. materials, packaging .... • Elements of material hierarchy as material • Multitude of attributes UB – Operating Division BU – Business Unit SBU – Strategic Business Unit MG – Main Group AC - Sub Group Complex Business Entities Pretty clear: De-normalize all Attributes into a single InfoObject is no solution!
  • 38. © 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 38Public Product Dimension Dimension_Y Dimension_X BW on HANA dynamic star schema – Split/ partition dimensions using InfoObjects – build dimension satellites* - example 5 InfoObject_1 NAV_ATTR_1A Dynamic Star Schema modeling InfoObject_2 NAV_ATTR_2A NAV_ATTR_2B BW Dynamic Star Schema – Multiple InfoObjects form a Split/ Partitioned Dimension: InfoObjects NAV_ATTR_2C NAV_ATTR_1B IPD_TEC IPD_SIZE .. DSO (advanced) (DSO (classic), InfoCube) Composite Provider F_InfoObject_1 F_InfoObject_2 IPD_SNOWF_1 F_Key_Fig_1 F_Key_Fig_N IPD_SNOWF_2 IPD_SNOWF IPD_CAT IPD_MCAT • Multiple InfoObjects associated to same source InfoObject create a split / partitioned dimension (satellites) Dimensions/ Master Data Modeling persisted data modeling InfoObjects - Generated tables InfoObject_1 InfoObject_2 Key_Fig_1 Key_Fig_N IPD_SNOWF Product Dimension Satellites *The term ‘Satellites’ was introduced by Dan Linstedt
  • 39. © 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 39Public Managing complex master data through partitioned/ split dimensions Multiple InfoObjects for same DWH entity – create dimension satellites - example 5 Better: split/ partition the Dimension creating a new BW master data object – here a new InfoObject new attributes for Product arrive from different owner Integrate new attributes into existing Dimension (InfoObject) i.e. de-normalize further ? Snow-flaking does not help • A CompositeProvider allows mapping (advanced DSO) source InfoObjects or Fields to multiple CompositeProvider target fields . Each CompositeProvider target field allows associating different InfoObjects together forming a split / partitioned dimension Scenario area CompositeProvider Model InfoObjects Source Model
  • 40. © 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 40Public Managing complex master data through partitioned/ split dimensions CompositeProvider addressing multiple InfoObjects for same DWH entity - example 5 • A CompositeProvider allows mapping (advanced DSO) source InfoObjects or Fields to multiple CompositeProvider target fields . Each CompositeProvider target field allows associating different InfoObjects together forming a split / partitioned dimension Product Dimension Part: InfoObject IPD_SNOWF with Transitive Attribute Main Category Output area CompositeProvider Preview CompositeProviderSatellite with commercial data Satellite with technical data Product Dimension Part: InfoObject IPD_TEC with Navigational Attribute Product Size technical
  • 41. © 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 41Public BW dynamic star schema and business integrated layer flexibility Partition/ split dimension into dimension satellites using InfoObjects Attributes of a DWH entity may behave differently caused by different owners and different business requirements • Storing attributes with different behavior together in a single dimension (InfoObject) may impact overall stability, maintenance and availability • In this case you should examine splitting/ partitioning the dimension creating Dimension Satellites using multiple InfoObjects Summary: We can achieve flexibility with respect to Master Data introducing new attributes without impacting existing • Persisted data (downtime) • Data Flows and transformations (stability, testing) Snow-flaking (transitive Attributes) and splitting dimensions into dimension satellites means that we invest gained HANA performance into flexibility through virtualization, joining dimension data at query run-time
  • 42. © 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 42Public BW dynamic star schema and business integrated layer flexibility Introducing n:m relations at any time with minimal impact - example 6 What's about adding new attributes to a combination of DWH-entities i.e. adding attributes to an n:m relation between two Entities? Example: you have PRODUCT and BUSINESS_PARTNER in the fact table • Product has attributes • Business-Partner has attributes And we now we want to add attributes at PRODUCT - BUSINESS_PARTNER level e.g. DISCOUNT– How to do it without impacting existing persisted data and data flows of the Business Integrated/ Propagation Layer? Pretty simple: • Create a new InfoObject that compounds PRODUCT with BUSINESS_PARTNER and define the new Attributes like DISCOUNT as navigational attribute and load the InfoObject • In a CompositeProvider add PRODUCT a second time (split dimension!) as target and associated the new Compound- InfoObject – that’s it!
  • 43. © 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 43Public BW dynamic star schema and business integrated layer flexibility Introducing n:m relations at any time - example 6 Compound InfoObject IPDBP_ID Modeling n:m relationship between Product & B-Partner On CompositeProvider-level virtual integration of new compound InfoObject IPDBP_ID like any other split-dimension satellite is done without touching any existing persistency (advanced DSO(s), InfoObject(s)) ! InfoObjects related to Product InfoObjects related to B-Partner InfoObjects related to Product & B-Partner CompositeProvider Sources    
  • 44. © 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 44Public BW dynamic star schema and business integrated layer flexibility Introducing n:m relations at any time without changing existing persisted data or data flows - example 6 Product Dimension InfoObject IPD_SNOWF with Transitive Attribute Main Category Product-B-Partner Dimension New InfoObject IPDBP_ID On CompositeProvider-level virtual integration of new Compound InfoObject IPDBP_ID is done like any other split Dimension satellite without touching any existing persistency or flow! Output area CompositeProvider Preview CompositeProvider Associate compound InfoObject IPDBP_ID
  • 45. Public Dynamic dimensional model for BW on HANA – business and pattern-driven HANA DW Building agile extensions of the DWH core integrating any raw/ field data
  • 46. © 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 46Public BW on HANA dynamic modeling Agility through cross layer solution modeling – from DWH to a Business Analytics Platform So far we learned about the Flexibility modeling the Business Integrated/ Propagation Layer with BW on HANA (…LSA++ for Simplified Data Warehousing) • A stable, consistent and flexible Core-DWH follows a Top-Down modeling approach designing first the InfoObjects and followed by Dimensions and Facts The Core-DWH is the fundament transforming a DWH into a Business Analytics Platform i.e. enabling new solutions combining, integrating and orchestrating data across layers. Extending the Core-DWH towards a Business Analytics Platform we need the agility of tools (BW & HANA) and processes that support • Combination, integration, orchestration of any data with this Core-DWH • Scalability reaching from ‘on short notice’ to ‘persisted’ integration In short – we need a Bottom-Up Logical Data Warehousing strategy (… LSA++ for Logical Data Warehousing)
  • 47. © 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 47Public SAP HANA DW and Business Analytics Platform Emancipation of data, communication, integration, orchestration SAP HANA promotes a DWH Core that supports 1. Flexibility extending the persisted DWH 2. Agility virtually extending the persisted DWH 3. Direct Analytics on DWH layers – no explicit Data Mart Layer 4. Virtual Combination of DWH layers – reduce redundancies 5. Virtual Combination of DWH with remote data (federation, the Business Analytics Platform) 6. Evolutionary Data Warehouse – complement Top-Down solutions with Bottom-Up approach - service level driven
  • 48. © 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 48Public From DWH to Business Analytics Platform The Logical Data Warehouse perspective of LSA++ for SAP HANA DW Data In-Hub/ ODS Raw DWH Business Integrated DWH Data Lake Analytical Area/ Virtual Solution CommunicationCommunication CommunicationCommunication CommunicationCommunication CommunicationCommunication CommunicationCommunication CommunicationCommunication Communication, Integration & Orchestration SAP HANA & BW Services Communication, Integration & Orchestration SAP HANA & BW Services  Non hierarchical, loosely coupled Information Areas  Clear service definitions  Communication, Integration, Orchestration rules ERP, S/4HANA
  • 49. © 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 49Public BW on HANA dynamic dimensional model Dynamic - being flexible & agile – agility through cross layer modeling & virtual integration BW on HANA Dynamic Star Schema Define Dimensions BW managed: • Advanced DSO dominated by InfoObjects or BW-type compatible Fields BW managed: InfoObject tables CompositeProvider Open ODS View BW managed: • Advanced DSO dominated by fields • HANA Upsert/ Insert-table of BW HANA DataSource Define Facts Open ODS View InfoObject De-normalized Split/ partitioned/ Satellites Snow-flaked/ transitive Attr. persisteddata Logical Partitioned Data w. Aging (NLS) Just data Modeled data Foreign managed: • Local HANA tables/ DB-views (mix scenarios) Foreign managed: • Remote/ virtual tables/ DB-views (federation scenarios) Raw DWH Layer / Open ODS Layer / Data InHub/ Data Lake/ Source Layer Business Integrated DWH Layer / Propagation Layer Temporal join
  • 50. © 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 50Public Recall: Modeling functions and integration with BW on HANA Cross layer modeling - integrating top-down and bottom-up modeling Integration modeling  Map fields to InfoObjects Function modeling  Queries  Schemas  Persistencies, Staging Integration modeling InfoObjects Fields HANA BW Modeling Options Integration before Function Function before Integration
  • 51. © 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 51Public Making BW on HANA a Business Analytics Platform Steps integrating data from any layer/ location with BW dynamic dimensional model Expanding an existing BW dynamic dimensional model of Business Integration (Propagation) Layer based on InfoObjects with any data from any layer (local or remote): • Addressing data • remote via BW HANA-DataSources and HANA Smart Data Integration • local via BW HANA-DataSources • Semantics and model integration • Open ODS Views type fact, master or text • Physical integration • BW HANA DataSources managed replication of remote data (Upsert-, Insert-Tables) • Advanced DSO using Fields/ InfoObjects • Transformations i.e. prepare raw data for use with DWH context data • BW Transformations and Structures (DataSource, InfoSource, advanced DSO) • HANA/ sql transformations - flavor of Mixed Scenarios • HANA SDQ (Smart Data Quality) - flavor of Mixed Scenarios (not in focus of lecture) • Or a combination (clear guidelines necessary!)
  • 52. © 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 52Public Query/ CompositeProvider / HANA Model Table SQL/ HANA View HANADB Table TableaDSO View/Table aDSO Recall: Open ODS Views & BW dynamic dimensional model Modeling raw/ field data with Open ODS Views Query/ CompositeProvider / HANA Model Open ODS View Master data InfoObject RawDWH Integrated DWH Open ODS View Master data Open ODS View Fact data InfoObject Master data Virtual Data Mart View/Table  The BW metadata model for field data consists of entities – the Open ODS Views – defining – Semantics of sources (fact, master.. data) – Semantics of source-fields (characteristic, key figure,…) – Associations to other Open ODS Views – Associations to InfoObjects  ODS Views are view constructs on various types of source objects – BW aDSOs/ InfoSource/ DataSources – DB tables & SQL/ HANA views – Virtual tables -HANA Smart Data Access  The source object of an ODS view can be exchanged  From a BW-OLAP perspective, ODS Views can be consumed like InfoProviders (facts) or InfoObjects (master data, text)
  • 53. © 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 53Public BW on HANA dynamic dimensional model What means dynamic? Being flexible & agile Modeling a Dimension in BW on HANA Defined by one or any combination of 1. InfoObject + Navigational Attributes 2. InfoObject + Navigational Attributes + (Navigational Attributes of a Navigational Attribute) – snow-flaking / transitive Attributes 3. Splitting Dimensions in multiple InfoObjects and/ or Open ODS Views 4. Open ODS View type master on aDSO w. Fields/ InfoObjects (Raw Layer) 5. Open ODS View type master on Table/ DB-view (replicate, Data InHub) 6. Open ODS View type master on HANA virtual table (remote/ federation) Source Flexible & Agile   
  • 54. © 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 54Public Integrating data from any layer using Open ODS Views Model & semantics integration: introduce new n:m relationship virtually - example 7 CompositeProvider Open ODS View type master Fact data Advanced DSO Source
  • 55. © 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 55Public Integrating data from any layer using Open ODS Views Model & semantics integration: introduce new n:m relationship virtually - example 7 Product-B-Partner Dimension Open ODS View O_PD_BPA_V On CompositeProvider-level virtual integration of a table or DB-view via an Open ODS View O_PD_BPA_V is done fully virtually like with any other split Dimension satellite without touching any existing data or flow! New relations 1:n, n:m or just new attributes can be introduced at any time with no impact on existing solutions! Product Dimension InfoObject IPD_SNOWF with Transitive Attribute Main Category
  • 56. © 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 56Public BW dynamic dimensional modeling and Open ODS Views Agile data integration across layers via Open ODS Views as Dimension Satellites (Split/ Partition) • Attributes of an entity may reside in different layers • The BW Dynamic Model split dimension pattern allows addressing multiple persisted dimension satellites • Dimension persistencies described by fields (table, DB-View, advanced DSO) are integrated via Open ODS Views Open ODS View O_PD_BPA_V CompositeProvider IPD_ID_1 IPD_ID_2 Attributes INFOOBJECT IPD_SNOWFDSO (advanced)DSO (advanced) PRODUCT: IPD_SNOWFPRODUCT: IPD_SNOWF …… Analytic Area Product Dimension Business Integrated DWH Layer/ Propagation Layer Attributes Product Dimension Satellites DSO (advanced) / Local/ remote table/view DSO (advanced) / Local/ remote table/view RAW DWH Layer/ Open ODS/ Data In-Hub/ Source
  • 57. © 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 57Public Making BW on HANA a Business Analytics Platform Steps integrating data from any layer/ location with BW dynamic dimensional model Expanding an existing BW dynamic dimensional model of Business Integration (Propagation) Layer based on InfoObjects with any data from any layer (local or remote): • Addressing data • remote via BW HANA DataSources and HANA Smart Data Integration • local via BW HANA DataSources • Semantics and model Integration • Open ODS Views type fact, master or text • Physical Integration • BW HANA DataSources managed replication of remote data (Upsert-, Insert-Tables) • Advanced DSO using Fields/ InfoObjects • Transformations i.e. prepare raw data for use with DWH context data • BW Transformations and Structures (DataSource, InfoSource, advanced DSO) • HANA/ SQL View transformations - flavor of Mixed Scenarios • HANA SDQ (Smart Data Quality) - flavor of Mixed Scenarios (not in focus of lecture) • Or a combination (clear guidelines necessary!)
  • 58. © 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 58Public DB-View Transform: Integration Joins, any Transform BW on HANA transformation options for virtual data integration Virtual integration between Business Integration Layer and Raw / Source Layers Tables remote or local <Fields> BW DataSource <Fields> BW InfoSource <Fields>/ <InfoObjects> BW advanced DSO <Fields>/ <InfoObjects> BW advanced DSO <InfoObjects> CompositeProvider Master/ Fact Open ODS View <Fields>/ <InfoObjects> InfoObject <InfoObjects> SQL/ HANA Views SQL/ HANA Views virtual integration Raw DWH / Open ODS Layer Business Integrated DWH/ Propagation Layer InHub/ Inbound / Source DataSource Transform : Integration Type/ Length Open ODS View Transform - we do our best Options performing data Transformations integrating virtually Raw DWH/ Open ODS Layer or source level data with Business Integrated DWH/ Propagation Layer data using Open ODS Views DB-View Transform: Integration Joins, any Transform BW Transform: Integration Transforms
  • 59. © 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 59Public BW on HANA transformation options for virtual data integration Virtual integration between Business Integration Layer and Raw / Source Layers – example 8 • Join tables • Provide key-mappings from source to DWH-key e.g. • Raw key (NODE_KEY -> PRODUCT_ID) • EMPC_CREATED_BY -> EMPC_EMPLOYEE_ID • Provide transforms – sql-cast SQL/ HANA Views BW DataSource <Fields> • Provide BW DWH Business transforms e.g. • CUKY, CURR, DATS, UNIT,.. • Provide generic transforms e.g. • DEC -> CHAR … Tables remote or local <Fields> • Provide generic transforms • Provide DWH semantics and associations • Be part of Dynamic Dimensional Model Master/ Fact Open ODS View <Fields>/ <InfoObjects> a date The DWH- key a currency a currency- code Join key-mapping delivered Access tables directly
  • 60. © 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 60Public BW on HANA transformation options for virtual data integration Virtual integration between Business Integration Layer and Raw / Source Layers – example 8 Tables  SQL-View  BW DataSource  Master Open ODS View  Dimension (Satellite) in CompositeProvider CompositeProvider Satellite part of Business Integrated DWH Satellite part of Source
  • 61. © 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 61Public Key transformations for virtual data integration Key mapping between layers is the prerequisite for integration CompositeProvider Open ODS View aDSO – master data aDSO- key info HANA View master data aDSO HANA View Join and/ or do mapping of Raw keys to Business keys Business Integrated DWH/ Propagation Layer Raw DWH / Open ODS Layer Virtual mapping of Raw DWH keys to Business Integrated DWH keys • HANA View for complex integration transformations between Business Integrated DWH and Raw DWH (Mix Scenario) • Simple key-mappings with provided in an aDSO or InfoObject can be handled via CompositeProvider and Open ODS View What is the difference to storing the key-mapping information persisted with Business Integrated data or Raw DWH data? • If you want to become mapping changes immediately effective to all data – virtualization is the solution • If you want to keep the key-mapping for already loaded data – persist the key mapping or go for temporal joins (Slowly Changing Dimensions Type 2) Open ODS View Simple map - BW Scenario Open ODS View HANA View On Key aDSO HANA View Join Simple map – mix Scenario associate join Generated HANA Views complex map – mix Scenario
  • 62. © 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 62Public Key transformations for virtual data integration – Example 9 aDSO – master data aDSO - key info RawDWH/ OpenODSLayer Business Integrated Key IPD_ID
  • 63. © 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 63Public Key transformations for virtual data integration – Simple transform using CompositeProvider - Example 9.1 aDSO - key info aDSO – master data join Associate Open ODS View Raw DWH / Open ODS Layer Join Transform Semantics / model transform Create Open ODS View Integrate CompositeProvider associating raw Product Satellite to mapped keys
  • 64. © 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 64Public Key transformations for virtual data integration – Simple transform using HANA Views - Example 9.2 Generated HANA Views aDSO – master data aDSO - key info Generated HANA Views "_SYS_BIC"."PM_T_2016/R_I_PD_MAP_VIEW" Generated SQL View   Create Open ODS View  CompositeProvider associating raw Product Satellite with mapped keys Key mapping established In Open ODS View Join Transform Semantics / model transform Integrate
  • 65. © 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 65Public Key transformations for virtual data integration
  • 66. © 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 66Public Making BW on HANA a Business Analytics Platform Steps integrating data from any layer/ location with BW dynamic dimensional model Expanding an existing BW dynamic dimensional model of Business Integration (Propagation) Layer based on InfoObjects with any data from any layer (local or remote): • Addressing data • remote via BW HANA DataSources and HANA Smart Data Integration • local via BW HANA DataSources • Semantics and model Integration • Open ODS Views type fact, master or text • Physical Integration • BW HANA DataSources managed replication of remote data (Upsert-, Insert-Tables) • Advanced DSO using Fields/ InfoObjects • Transformations i.e. prepare raw data for use with DWH context data • BW Transformations and Structures (DataSource, InfoSource, advanced DSO) • HANA/ SQL View transformations - flavor of Mixed Scenarios • HANA SDQ (Smart Data Quality) - flavor of Mixed Scenarios (not in focus of lecture) • Or a combination (clear guidelines necessary!)
  • 67. © 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 67Public SAP HANA SAP BW HANA Remote Source Table/View Smart Data Integration Smart Data Access Advanced DSO HANA DataSource DIRECT ACCESS OpenODS View Virtual CompositeProvider Virtual REAL TIME Streaming Table/View REPLICATION Platform Integration – HANA SDI New with SAP BW 7.5 SP4 67Public© 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. Integration Scenarios with SAP BW – General Availability • Direct access to any Smart Data Integration (SDI) remote source* via Open ODS View • SDI real-time replication managed by HANA DataSource • UPSERT table for actual view / INSERT table for history preserving • Replicate source data in original format to BW (using HANA data types) • Inbuilt mapping of source data types to ABAP data types when using HANA DataSource in reporting or ETL loads within BW • Direct access from OpenODS View to HANA DataSource • Full / delta upload into advanced DataStore Objects • Real-time streaming from UPSERT / INSERT table into advanced DataStore Object possible • SAP HANA Multi-tenant Database Container (MDC) support for HANA DataSource (SAP BW 7.5 SP5, BWMT 1.15)** • SAP HANA DataSource Integration with Streaming Process Chains UPSERT Table * See Documentation: Data Provisioning Adapters ** See SAP Note 2312583 INSERT Table
  • 68. Public Composition Model for SAP HANA SQL DW – customer-defined HANA DW
  • 69. © 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 69Public Selecting a data model for HANA SQL-DW 3NF Model Data Vault model Composition model
  • 70. © 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 70Public Extremely different ways modeling a DWH Dimensional model (Kimball) and data vault model (Lindstedt, Inmon) SNWD_PD_DE_NORMALIZED NODE_KEY PRODUCT_ID TYPE_CODE CREATED_BY CREATED_AT CHANGED_BY CHANGED_AT NAME_GUID DESC_GUID SUPPLIER_GUID TAX_TARIF_CODE MEASURE_UNIT WEIGHT_MEASURE WEIGHT_UNIT CURRENCY_CODE PRICE PRODUCT_PIC_URL WIDTH DEPTH HEIGHT DIM_UNIT DUMMY_FIELD_PD CATEGORY MAIN_CATEGORY BP_ROLE EMAIL_ADDRESS PHONE_NUMBER FAX_NUMBER WEB_ADDRESS BP_ID COMPANY_NAME LEGAL_FORM EMPLOYEE_ID LAST_NAME FIRST_NAME EMAIL_ADDRESS2 PARENT_KEY NODE_KEY2 NODE_KEY3 LANGUAGE NODE_KEY4 TEXT VARBINARY(16) NVARCHAR(10) NVARCHAR(2) VARBINARY(16) DECIMAL(21,7) VARBINARY(16) DECIMAL(21,7) VARBINARY(16) VARBINARY(16) VARBINARY(16) SMALLINT NVARCHAR(3) DECIMAL(13,3) NVARCHAR(3) NVARCHAR(5) DECIMAL(15,2) NVARCHAR(255) DECIMAL(13,3) DECIMAL(13,3) DECIMAL(13,3) NVARCHAR(3) NVARCHAR(1) NVARCHAR(40) NVARCHAR(40) NVARCHAR(3) NVARCHAR(255) NVARCHAR(30) NVARCHAR(30) NVARCHAR(255) NVARCHAR(10) NVARCHAR(80) NVARCHAR(10) NVARCHAR(10) NVARCHAR(40) NVARCHAR(40) NVARCHAR(255) VARBINARY(16) VARBINARY(16) VARBINARY(16) NVARCHAR(1) VARBINARY(16) NVARCHAR(255) Foreignkeyspointtoentities ‘No‘ foreign keys foreign keys modeled as entities (links – red tables) transactional Hub data transactional/ factdata ‘split‘ data- atomize Dimensional modeled persisted DWH Data Vault modeled persisted DWH ‘join’ data – de-normalize 3NF modeled – source data What DWH model fits best to SAP HANA DWH ?
  • 71. © 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 71Public HANA SQL DW - selecting a DWH data model Customer preferences – situation - requirements De- normalized Atomic Dimensional Composition Data Vault SQL-DW Data Vault  Fully traceable and auditable  Full history tracking  Full flexibility  Need of persisted Star Schemas - Agility ? Complexity ? Composition Model for HANA SQL-DW  Query-able DWH  Customer-defined services  Scalable flexibility Dimensional Model  High Performance DWH-Querying  Business oriented BW Dynamic Dimensional scalable Composition model
  • 72. © 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 72Public Composition model for HANA SQL-DW Introduction The composition model follows the SAP HANA direction minimizing persisted data in our landscape i.e.  Enable direct querying on any persisted DWH layer  Avoid persisted Star schema creation on top of persisted DWH layer  Be pragmatic with respect to usage and degree of DWH services & patterns (-> customer decisions)  History/ Versioning  Auditability  Flexibility (e.g. usage of surrogate keys, degree of normalization)  …  Be scalable with respect to later introduction of DWH services through virtualization Satellites – split attributesSatellites – split attributes Satellites – split attributesSatellites – split attributes Satellites – split attributesSatellites – split attributes Entity – the key(s)Entity – the key(s) The composition model for a HANA SQL-DW is a pragmatic modeling approach  Combining strengths of the dimensional model with other modeling approaches (e.g. data vault)  Having business requirements in focus instead of theoretical paradigms
  • 73. © 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 73Public Composition model for HANA SQL-DW Entity–satellite* pattern design basics Ownership: Volatility - Stability History – Snapshot Federated - RepositoryBottom up (incremental) – Top down (comprehensive) High volume - Normal Entity-Satellite Design Drivers Raw (Source Key) - Integrated (Business Key/ Surrogate Key) Normalized (flexible) – De-normalized (agile) Real time - DWH services Entity as root: • Query/ retrieval • Consistency • Load synchronization • Integration Satellites – split attributesSatellites – split attributes Satellites – split attributesSatellites – split attributes Satellites – split attributesSatellites – split attributes Entity – the key(s)Entity – the key(s) DWH Design Drivers *The term ‘Satellites’ was introduced by Dan Linstedt
  • 74. © 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 74Public Modeling the HANA SQL-DW with composition model Example A – SNWD source model
  • 75. © 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 75Public Modeling the HANA SQL-DW with composition model Example A – from 3NF to composition model 3NF model tables composition model tables
  • 76. © 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 76Public BK-PK11 BK-PKA FROM TO time-dependent Attr13 Attr14BK-PK11 BK-PKA FROM TO time-dependent Attr13 Attr14 Composition model for HANA SQL-DW Entity-satellite pattern BK-PKA technical attributes entity ‘A‘ entity table BK-PKA FROM TO time-dependent attributes A1 A2 A3 A4 BK-PKB BK-PKC C1 BK-PKD entity ‘A‘ satellite tables (time-dependent) BK-PKA not time-dependent Attr11 Attr12 BK-PKXBK-PKA not time-dependent Attr11 Attr12 BK-PKXBK-PKA not time-dependent attributes A5 A6 A7 A8 A9 BK-PKX X1 X2 X3 entity ‘A‘satellite tables (not time-dependent) Entity B Entity D
  • 77. © 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 77Public Composition model for HANA SQL-DW Entity-satellite pattern – entity tables Entities define the subjects like Materials, Employees, Sales-Orders … and get an own entity table • Entity tables store field(s) that define the business key as primary key • DWH Surrogate-keys may be used • Technical Fields • Origin • Date when inserted • Once inserted these fields are never changed or deleted Special entity design options • n:m relationships between entities • E.g. Material on Plant level
  • 78. © 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 78Public Composition model for HANA SQL-DW Entity-satellite pattern – satellites tables The composition model seperates the attributes of an entity from the entity keys • Satellites tables store the attributes of an entity • Attributes of core entities should be stored in different satellite tables taken ownership, volatility, …. into account • The satellite tables inherit the primary key of the entity • Satellites are either of type Snapshot or Versioned • Versioned Satellite tables have in addition a Valid_From field as part of the primary key • 1:n relations are stored as foreign-keys in satellites • 1:n relations may be stored as dedicated entity table • The field DWH_ACTIVE_RECORD addresses the actual record • Records are never deleted (‘reset’ DWH_ACTIVE_FROM) Satellite-Snapshot Satellite-Snapshot
  • 79. © 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 79Public Composition model for HANA SQL-DW Entity-satellite pattern – special aspects • History/ versions for attribute needs always a satellite table • Actual snapshot attributes may be stored in the entity table for simplicity reasons (transaction data entities for example) Satellite-Snapshot Satellite-Snapshot
  • 80. © 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 81Public • Versioned and snapshot data ? • Volatile situation, core entity ?  Entity + snow-flaked versioned and snapshot satellites • Versioned data ?  Add a versioned satellite: • Just actual data (snapshots) ?  Add a snapshot satellite: Evolutionary DWH design with composition model Start simple and evolve – minimize impact of model changes • Just actual data (snapshots) ? • Stable situation, simple entity ?  A simple dimension table will do: newattributesarrive new attributes arrive requirements increase challenging requirements Start simple and evolve twobasicoptions
  • 81. © 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 82Public Virtual data marts with calculation views on composition model Example – querying the DWH layers EPM_BUSINESS_PARTNER_DIM_ACT EPM_STAR_SO_HDR
  • 82. © 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 83Public Composition model for HANA DW BW on HANA takes over management of entities and satellites 3NF Model Composition Model with BW on HANA
  • 83. © 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 84Public BW on HANA takes over management of entities and satellites Calculation views build virtual data marts BW_BUSINESS_PARTNER_DIM_ACT Composition model with BW on HANA Generated Views on Composition Model with BW on HANA Build Dimension & Fact Views on Composition Model with BW on HANA
  • 84. © 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 85Public Composition model for HANA DW Virtual data marts on SQL-DW and BW on HANA Star Schema on Composition Model on HANA SQL-DW Star Schema on Composition Model on BW on HANA … the result is the same …
  • 86. © 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 87Public SAP HANA DW data model Streamlining proven DWH services – use the value of virtualization - summary SAP HANA DW data model direction: Evolving a DWH to a Business Analytics Platform • The BW on HANA dynamic dimensional model and • The composition model for SAP HANA SQL-DW Both modeling approaches support 1. A flexible persisted DWH capable absorbing changes with minimal impact 2. An agile DWH capable integrating virtually any data – local or remote 3. Direct Analytics on DWH layers – no explicit Data Mart Layer 4. Virtual Combination of DWH layers – reduce redundancies 5. Evolutionary Data Warehouse in addition to core-DWH deployment – complement Top-Down solutions with Bottom-Up approach - service level driven two sides of the same coin
  • 87. © 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 88Public Thanks for attending this session. Please complete your session evaluation for DMM302. Contact information: Juergen Haupt juergen.haupt@sap.com Ulrich Christ Dr. ulrich.christ@sap.com Feedback
  • 88. © 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 89Public Further information Related SAP TechEd sessions: DMM265 – SAP HANA Data Warehousing: Introduction to Data Modeling in SAP HANA DMM213 – SAP HANA Data Warehousing: Data Lifecycle Management and Data Aging DMM270 – SAP HANA Data Warehousing: Simplified Modeling with SAP BW 7.5 SP4 DMM272 – SAP HANA Data Warehousing: Mixed Scenario for SAP BW and SQL DW on SAP HANA DMM300 – Mixed Scenarios for SAP HANA Data Warehousing: Overview and Experiences Hands-On Workshop Lecture Hands-On Workshop Hands-On Workshop Lecture SAP Public Web scn.sap.com www.sap.com SAP Education and Certification Opportunities www.sap.com/education Watch SAP TechEd Online www.sapteched.com/online
  • 89. © 2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 90Public SAP TechEd Online Continue your SAP TechEd education after the event! Access replays of  Keynotes  Demo Jam  SAP TechEd live interviews  Select lecture sessions  Hands-on sessions  … http://sapteched.com/online