This document provides an overview of delegated legislation and its purposes. It begins by explaining that delegated legislation allows regulations to be made and altered quickly through orders in council, statutory instruments, and bylaws created by bodies given powers by Parliament. It notes that the powers delegated are often broadly defined. As an example, it mentions the Human Rights Act empowers ministers to amend laws to remove incompatibility with human rights.
The document discusses the need for new laws to address societal changes and outdated laws. It outlines the legislative process in the UK, including how bills are introduced and passed through Parliament. It also describes types of legislation like Acts of Parliament and delegated legislation, which is law created by others with Parliamentary authority. The challenges of interpreting statutes and the need for statutory interpretation are also summarized.
The document discusses the legislative process in the UK and limitations on parliamentary sovereignty. It identifies advantages like the democratic process and transparency, and disadvantages such as confusing language and structure in acts of parliament. Parliamentary sovereignty means parliament can make any law and is not bound by previous decisions, though it is limited by EU membership, the Human Rights Act 1998, and devolution which allows Scotland and Wales to make some laws.
This document provides practice questions and answers related to civics topics for an EOC exam. It contains 20 multiple choice questions about concepts like constitutional government, limited government, rule of law, checks and balances, and federalism. The document is designed to help students learn and review the key ideas and prepare for an end-of-course exam on civics and government.
This document discusses the process for passing bills in the UK Parliament. It outlines the different types of bills - public, private, and private member bills. It describes the preliminary stages a bill may go through like a green or white paper. It discusses how the Parliament Acts of 1911 and 1949 allowed legislation to pass without House of Lords approval after a period of time. It also discusses a 2005 court case that challenged whether the 1949 Act was itself lawful. Finally, it notes that the Supreme Court now takes over the role of reviewing legislation from the House of Lords.
This document provides guidance on researching Canadian legislation. It outlines key legal research databases and websites for finding bills, debates, and committee information from the federal and Ontario governments. These include LEGISInfo, parliamentary websites, and committee sections. Tips are provided on searching by keyword, bill number, or relevant time period to find information on the legislative process and history for specific bills. Sources for interest group input are also mentioned.
The document discusses reforms to the UK House of Lords. It outlines proposals from the Coalition government and Labour governments to make the House of Lords more democratic through partial or full election of its members. Options discussed include a fully elected chamber, fully appointed chamber, and partly elected/appointed chamber. Arguments for and against each option are provided. Key debates center around balancing democratic legitimacy with expertise, and ensuring the second chamber is effective but does not duplicate or obstruct the House of Commons.
The document outlines an agenda and lesson plan for teaching students about the structure and powers of the US Congress. The agenda includes analyzing the structure of Congress, the lawmaking process, and congressional checks on the executive branch. Students will work in groups to analyze an article and create a news report summarizing the key points about a current issue before Congress. Homework includes completing a review packet as semester grades will be finalized soon.
The document outlines an agenda and lesson plan for teaching students about the structure and powers of the US Congress. The agenda includes analyzing the structure of Congress, the lawmaking process, and congressional checks on the executive branch. Students will work in groups to analyze an article and create a news report summarizing the key points about a current issue before Congress. Homework includes completing a review packet as semester grades will be finalized soon.
The document discusses the need for new laws to address societal changes and outdated laws. It outlines the legislative process in the UK, including how bills are introduced and passed through Parliament. It also describes types of legislation like Acts of Parliament and delegated legislation, which is law created by others with Parliamentary authority. The challenges of interpreting statutes and the need for statutory interpretation are also summarized.
The document discusses the legislative process in the UK and limitations on parliamentary sovereignty. It identifies advantages like the democratic process and transparency, and disadvantages such as confusing language and structure in acts of parliament. Parliamentary sovereignty means parliament can make any law and is not bound by previous decisions, though it is limited by EU membership, the Human Rights Act 1998, and devolution which allows Scotland and Wales to make some laws.
This document provides practice questions and answers related to civics topics for an EOC exam. It contains 20 multiple choice questions about concepts like constitutional government, limited government, rule of law, checks and balances, and federalism. The document is designed to help students learn and review the key ideas and prepare for an end-of-course exam on civics and government.
This document discusses the process for passing bills in the UK Parliament. It outlines the different types of bills - public, private, and private member bills. It describes the preliminary stages a bill may go through like a green or white paper. It discusses how the Parliament Acts of 1911 and 1949 allowed legislation to pass without House of Lords approval after a period of time. It also discusses a 2005 court case that challenged whether the 1949 Act was itself lawful. Finally, it notes that the Supreme Court now takes over the role of reviewing legislation from the House of Lords.
This document provides guidance on researching Canadian legislation. It outlines key legal research databases and websites for finding bills, debates, and committee information from the federal and Ontario governments. These include LEGISInfo, parliamentary websites, and committee sections. Tips are provided on searching by keyword, bill number, or relevant time period to find information on the legislative process and history for specific bills. Sources for interest group input are also mentioned.
The document discusses reforms to the UK House of Lords. It outlines proposals from the Coalition government and Labour governments to make the House of Lords more democratic through partial or full election of its members. Options discussed include a fully elected chamber, fully appointed chamber, and partly elected/appointed chamber. Arguments for and against each option are provided. Key debates center around balancing democratic legitimacy with expertise, and ensuring the second chamber is effective but does not duplicate or obstruct the House of Commons.
The document outlines an agenda and lesson plan for teaching students about the structure and powers of the US Congress. The agenda includes analyzing the structure of Congress, the lawmaking process, and congressional checks on the executive branch. Students will work in groups to analyze an article and create a news report summarizing the key points about a current issue before Congress. Homework includes completing a review packet as semester grades will be finalized soon.
The document outlines an agenda and lesson plan for teaching students about the structure and powers of the US Congress. The agenda includes analyzing the structure of Congress, the lawmaking process, and congressional checks on the executive branch. Students will work in groups to analyze an article and create a news report summarizing the key points about a current issue before Congress. Homework includes completing a review packet as semester grades will be finalized soon.
The committee has been tasked with shaping new policy and laws for the government. Each member is responsible for drafting one new law addressing an area of urgent change. The laws should state what it is, why existing laws need changing, who benefits and how, reference other countries with similar laws, and suggest penalties for breaking the law. Members will present their draft laws to each other for feedback. They will then present the final proposed laws to their colleagues acting as the government.
The work of the house of lords politics review 2014mattbentley34
The document discusses the functions and work of the House of Lords. It outlines three main functions: making laws, scrutinizing the executive, and providing specialist knowledge and expertise. It describes the lawmaking process where bills are examined, amended, and passed between the House of Commons and House of Lords. The House of Lords also scrutinizes the government through questions, debates, and select committee reports. Peers bring a wide range of expertise from their professional backgrounds to debates and committees.
Canadian Life Line Limited Private Bill 1996 Pr 39dankahan
The committee is considering Bill Pr39, which would allow Canadian Life Line Ltd to traffic and trade in life insurance policies, exempting them from section 115 of the Insurance Act which prohibits such activity except for insurance companies. There is a question of whether this is an appropriate subject for a private bill. Legislative counsel provided a memo stating the bill violates principles for private bills by affecting public policy in the Insurance Act, involving multiple interests of policyholders, and dealing with a public matter of how terminally ill people access funds from life insurance policies. The bill's sponsor introduced it at a constituent's request but says it is up to the committee to determine if it is the proper place for the bill. The applicant's lawyer argues it meets the
The document discusses reforms to the UK's House of Lords. It outlines changes already implemented, such as reducing the number of hereditary peers, as well as future reform proposals. Options discussed include an elected or appointed second chamber, or a mixed system. Arguments for and against each option are provided, such as increased democratic legitimacy of an elected system versus the need to retain specialist expertise. Overall, the document analyzes the ongoing debate around reforming the unelected House of Lords to be more democratic while maintaining its role in parliamentary scrutiny.
This document provides information about the legislative process in the United States. It outlines the key steps bills take from introduction through becoming law or being vetoed, including committee hearings and markups, floor debates and votes in both the House and Senate, conferences to reconcile different versions of bills, and potential presidential action. It also gives tips on how citizens can contact their representatives to voice support for or opposition to proposed legislation through phone calls, letters, and addressing guidelines. Additionally, it discusses the importance of high quality early childhood programs and care.
The document is a Jeopardy-style game about civics and economics concepts related to Congress. It contains clues in various categories about the structure of Congress, its powers, and how it functions. Key terms included are bicameral legislature, apportionment, Speaker of the House, enumerated powers, implied powers, standing committees, and how Congress checks the power of the executive branch.
The document is a Jeopardy-style game about civics and economics concepts related to Congress. It contains clues in various categories about the structure of Congress, its powers, and checks on its authority. Key terms defined include bicameral legislature, apportionment, Speaker of the House, enumerated powers, implied powers, and filibuster.
The document discusses governing the UK and contains sample questions for a government and politics exam. It includes two sample exam questions, one on prime ministerial power and criticisms of Tony Blair's decision-making style, and another on the judiciary and concerns about the erosion of civil liberties. The document also contains summaries of cabinet meetings and extracts from proceedings in the House of Commons covering questions to government ministers, bills being considered, and motions and reports being debated.
Parliament makes laws through passing legislation. There are three levels that can make laws: federal, state, and local. The Constitution sets out what powers each level of government has. It establishes exclusive, concurrent, and residual powers. Exclusive powers can only be exercised by the federal government, like defense. Concurrent powers can be exercised by both levels, like taxation, though federal law takes precedence. Residual powers are exercised by states alone, like education.
The document provides an overview of the legislative branch of the U.S. government, including the roles and powers of Congress. It discusses the structure of the House of Representatives and Senate, qualifications for members, and leadership positions. Key powers of Congress outlined include taxation, borrowing, regulating commerce, declaring war, and confirming presidential appointments.
CML2117 Introduction To Law 2008 Lecture 11 Review SessionAndy Kaplan-Myrth
The document provides a review and exam prep for various concepts in government and law. It contains multiple choice questions testing knowledge of topics like the branches of government, principles of government like responsible government and the rule of law, aspects of the Canadian legal system, and key events and documents in Canadian history. It concludes by noting there will be a midterm exam and provides reading assignments to prepare for upcoming lessons on constitutional law.
Jeopardy review basic structure of Congress, leadership, checks and balances, apportionment and gerrymandering, leadership, powers and legislative process
The British constitution is not codified in a single document but can be found across various sources. It allows flexibility but some argue it should be codified for public access. Key principles include parliamentary supremacy, rule of law, and separation of powers among the legislative, executive, and judiciary branches. However, membership in the EU and international treaties have also impacted the UK legal system.
Question, mark scheme, examiners report and model answer jan 13mattbentley34
This document discusses a mark scheme for an exam question about the extent to which constitutional reforms in the UK since 1997 have made the country more democratic. It outlines reforms that should be discussed, such as devolution, the Human Rights Act, Lords reform, elected mayors, and the Freedom of Information Act. It also lists aspects of democracy that have been addressed, including decentralization, accountability, participation, and open government. The document provides guidance on what constitutes a level 2 and level 3 response and examines answers given on this question in an exam, noting popular topics discussed and areas for improvement.
The document discusses various committees in the UK parliament. It outlines their strengths and weaknesses, such as departmental select committees having independence but limited research support. It also evaluates representation, accountability, scrutiny and other functions of the House of Commons and House of Lords. Recent reforms like the Backbench Business Committee and elected select committee chairs are mentioned, as well as proposals to reform the House of Lords.
A historical background to kenya’s constitutional reform processLyla Latif
This document summarizes Kenya's constitutional development from pre-independence to 1991. It describes the three colonial constitutions passed in 1954, 1958 and 1960 that established multiracial governance but did not satisfy African demands for independence. The 1963 independence constitution established a federal system that was replaced in 1964 with a unitary system concentrating power in the presidency. From 1964 to 1991, frequent constitutional amendments weakened checks on executive power and concentrated authority in the increasingly authoritarian presidency, distorting the separation of powers.
Jan 13 mark scheme, report & model answermattbentley34
- Prime ministerial power is affected by not being able to call an election when events favor their party and not being able to plan their agenda knowing the date of the next election.
- A codified constitution could more clearly define the powers of the prime minister and prevent a prime minister from defining their own role.
- Possible reforms to limit prime ministerial power include transferring some patronage powers to parliament, introducing fixed election terms, and making the prime minister more accountable to parliament.
This document provides an overview of the legislative process in the UK Parliament and how to engage with and influence legislation. It explains the roles of the House of Commons and House of Lords in making and passing laws. It also provides details on hybrid bills, the process for petitioning hybrid bills, and ways the public can get involved to voice support or concerns about legislation under consideration.
This document discusses statutory interpretation and aids to interpretation. It begins by outlining the objectives and providing examples of types of statutory interpretation rules. It then discusses internal aids to interpretation, including examining the statute, long title, preamble, headings, schedules, explanatory notes, and presumptions. It also discusses rules of language used in interpretation like ejusden generis. External aids discussed include dictionaries, law commission reports, historical setting, treaties, and Hansard. The effect of the Human Rights Act 1998 and precedent on statutory interpretation is also examined. Students are then asked to think about teaching this topic, including activities, checks for understanding, and starter/plenary ideas. The next period's task is to complete a worksheet using textbooks
The document discusses the main mechanisms through which law reform occurs, including courts, parliaments, the United Nations, and intergovernmental organizations. It examines how each of these institutions can interpret, create, amend, or encourage changes to laws. Specifically, courts can set legal precedents through decisions, but parliaments are the primary law-making bodies and reform laws by passing amending legislation. The United Nations promotes international treaties that countries may ratify and use to reform domestic laws.
Here are the answers:
1. Statutory Instrument - I am very common, more common than I sound.
2. By-law - I am made by many different organisations.
3. Orders in Council - I am not married but have lots of children.
4. Judicial Review - I am often published on lamposts
5. Delegated legislation - I have over 3000 are made by many ministers.
The committee has been tasked with shaping new policy and laws for the government. Each member is responsible for drafting one new law addressing an area of urgent change. The laws should state what it is, why existing laws need changing, who benefits and how, reference other countries with similar laws, and suggest penalties for breaking the law. Members will present their draft laws to each other for feedback. They will then present the final proposed laws to their colleagues acting as the government.
The work of the house of lords politics review 2014mattbentley34
The document discusses the functions and work of the House of Lords. It outlines three main functions: making laws, scrutinizing the executive, and providing specialist knowledge and expertise. It describes the lawmaking process where bills are examined, amended, and passed between the House of Commons and House of Lords. The House of Lords also scrutinizes the government through questions, debates, and select committee reports. Peers bring a wide range of expertise from their professional backgrounds to debates and committees.
Canadian Life Line Limited Private Bill 1996 Pr 39dankahan
The committee is considering Bill Pr39, which would allow Canadian Life Line Ltd to traffic and trade in life insurance policies, exempting them from section 115 of the Insurance Act which prohibits such activity except for insurance companies. There is a question of whether this is an appropriate subject for a private bill. Legislative counsel provided a memo stating the bill violates principles for private bills by affecting public policy in the Insurance Act, involving multiple interests of policyholders, and dealing with a public matter of how terminally ill people access funds from life insurance policies. The bill's sponsor introduced it at a constituent's request but says it is up to the committee to determine if it is the proper place for the bill. The applicant's lawyer argues it meets the
The document discusses reforms to the UK's House of Lords. It outlines changes already implemented, such as reducing the number of hereditary peers, as well as future reform proposals. Options discussed include an elected or appointed second chamber, or a mixed system. Arguments for and against each option are provided, such as increased democratic legitimacy of an elected system versus the need to retain specialist expertise. Overall, the document analyzes the ongoing debate around reforming the unelected House of Lords to be more democratic while maintaining its role in parliamentary scrutiny.
This document provides information about the legislative process in the United States. It outlines the key steps bills take from introduction through becoming law or being vetoed, including committee hearings and markups, floor debates and votes in both the House and Senate, conferences to reconcile different versions of bills, and potential presidential action. It also gives tips on how citizens can contact their representatives to voice support for or opposition to proposed legislation through phone calls, letters, and addressing guidelines. Additionally, it discusses the importance of high quality early childhood programs and care.
The document is a Jeopardy-style game about civics and economics concepts related to Congress. It contains clues in various categories about the structure of Congress, its powers, and how it functions. Key terms included are bicameral legislature, apportionment, Speaker of the House, enumerated powers, implied powers, standing committees, and how Congress checks the power of the executive branch.
The document is a Jeopardy-style game about civics and economics concepts related to Congress. It contains clues in various categories about the structure of Congress, its powers, and checks on its authority. Key terms defined include bicameral legislature, apportionment, Speaker of the House, enumerated powers, implied powers, and filibuster.
The document discusses governing the UK and contains sample questions for a government and politics exam. It includes two sample exam questions, one on prime ministerial power and criticisms of Tony Blair's decision-making style, and another on the judiciary and concerns about the erosion of civil liberties. The document also contains summaries of cabinet meetings and extracts from proceedings in the House of Commons covering questions to government ministers, bills being considered, and motions and reports being debated.
Parliament makes laws through passing legislation. There are three levels that can make laws: federal, state, and local. The Constitution sets out what powers each level of government has. It establishes exclusive, concurrent, and residual powers. Exclusive powers can only be exercised by the federal government, like defense. Concurrent powers can be exercised by both levels, like taxation, though federal law takes precedence. Residual powers are exercised by states alone, like education.
The document provides an overview of the legislative branch of the U.S. government, including the roles and powers of Congress. It discusses the structure of the House of Representatives and Senate, qualifications for members, and leadership positions. Key powers of Congress outlined include taxation, borrowing, regulating commerce, declaring war, and confirming presidential appointments.
CML2117 Introduction To Law 2008 Lecture 11 Review SessionAndy Kaplan-Myrth
The document provides a review and exam prep for various concepts in government and law. It contains multiple choice questions testing knowledge of topics like the branches of government, principles of government like responsible government and the rule of law, aspects of the Canadian legal system, and key events and documents in Canadian history. It concludes by noting there will be a midterm exam and provides reading assignments to prepare for upcoming lessons on constitutional law.
Jeopardy review basic structure of Congress, leadership, checks and balances, apportionment and gerrymandering, leadership, powers and legislative process
The British constitution is not codified in a single document but can be found across various sources. It allows flexibility but some argue it should be codified for public access. Key principles include parliamentary supremacy, rule of law, and separation of powers among the legislative, executive, and judiciary branches. However, membership in the EU and international treaties have also impacted the UK legal system.
Question, mark scheme, examiners report and model answer jan 13mattbentley34
This document discusses a mark scheme for an exam question about the extent to which constitutional reforms in the UK since 1997 have made the country more democratic. It outlines reforms that should be discussed, such as devolution, the Human Rights Act, Lords reform, elected mayors, and the Freedom of Information Act. It also lists aspects of democracy that have been addressed, including decentralization, accountability, participation, and open government. The document provides guidance on what constitutes a level 2 and level 3 response and examines answers given on this question in an exam, noting popular topics discussed and areas for improvement.
The document discusses various committees in the UK parliament. It outlines their strengths and weaknesses, such as departmental select committees having independence but limited research support. It also evaluates representation, accountability, scrutiny and other functions of the House of Commons and House of Lords. Recent reforms like the Backbench Business Committee and elected select committee chairs are mentioned, as well as proposals to reform the House of Lords.
A historical background to kenya’s constitutional reform processLyla Latif
This document summarizes Kenya's constitutional development from pre-independence to 1991. It describes the three colonial constitutions passed in 1954, 1958 and 1960 that established multiracial governance but did not satisfy African demands for independence. The 1963 independence constitution established a federal system that was replaced in 1964 with a unitary system concentrating power in the presidency. From 1964 to 1991, frequent constitutional amendments weakened checks on executive power and concentrated authority in the increasingly authoritarian presidency, distorting the separation of powers.
Jan 13 mark scheme, report & model answermattbentley34
- Prime ministerial power is affected by not being able to call an election when events favor their party and not being able to plan their agenda knowing the date of the next election.
- A codified constitution could more clearly define the powers of the prime minister and prevent a prime minister from defining their own role.
- Possible reforms to limit prime ministerial power include transferring some patronage powers to parliament, introducing fixed election terms, and making the prime minister more accountable to parliament.
This document provides an overview of the legislative process in the UK Parliament and how to engage with and influence legislation. It explains the roles of the House of Commons and House of Lords in making and passing laws. It also provides details on hybrid bills, the process for petitioning hybrid bills, and ways the public can get involved to voice support or concerns about legislation under consideration.
This document discusses statutory interpretation and aids to interpretation. It begins by outlining the objectives and providing examples of types of statutory interpretation rules. It then discusses internal aids to interpretation, including examining the statute, long title, preamble, headings, schedules, explanatory notes, and presumptions. It also discusses rules of language used in interpretation like ejusden generis. External aids discussed include dictionaries, law commission reports, historical setting, treaties, and Hansard. The effect of the Human Rights Act 1998 and precedent on statutory interpretation is also examined. Students are then asked to think about teaching this topic, including activities, checks for understanding, and starter/plenary ideas. The next period's task is to complete a worksheet using textbooks
The document discusses the main mechanisms through which law reform occurs, including courts, parliaments, the United Nations, and intergovernmental organizations. It examines how each of these institutions can interpret, create, amend, or encourage changes to laws. Specifically, courts can set legal precedents through decisions, but parliaments are the primary law-making bodies and reform laws by passing amending legislation. The United Nations promotes international treaties that countries may ratify and use to reform domestic laws.
Here are the answers:
1. Statutory Instrument - I am very common, more common than I sound.
2. By-law - I am made by many different organisations.
3. Orders in Council - I am not married but have lots of children.
4. Judicial Review - I am often published on lamposts
5. Delegated legislation - I have over 3000 are made by many ministers.
This document provides an overview of the legislative process in the UK. It begins with some introductory information on key legal theories like separation of powers and parliamentary sovereignty. It then discusses the pre-legislative stages of creating laws, including consultation processes like green papers and white papers. Various terms related to legislation are also defined. The document goes on to explain the different types of bills and provides a word search puzzle to identify some key terms. Finally, it discusses the process by which a bill becomes an act, outlining the different stages it must pass through the House of Commons and House of Lords.
Laws are created through a legislative process to establish order and protect rights. The process begins with a draft bill that is debated and amended in the House of Representatives and Senate. If approved, the bill is sent to the Prime Minister and King for signatures to become law. There are different types of laws created by various authorities to address different needs, such as acts passed by Parliament, emergency decrees for urgent issues, and local ordinances for community matters. The Constitutional Court can remove parts of laws found to violate the constitution.
New laws are required to address societal changes, but old laws become outdated and judicial precedent can be inefficient. Parliament makes Acts of Parliament to develop UK law, but also uses delegated legislation made by others to address details. Interpreting laws requires considering purpose and resolving ambiguities, and European Union law also influences UK law.
The document discusses various reasons, influences, and methods for changing laws in Australia. It outlines that pressure for legal change can come from formal bodies like law reform commissions or informal pressure from groups, media, and individuals. Methods used to influence change include demonstrations, defiance, petitions, lobbying, and submissions to law reform bodies. The Victorian Law Reform Commission is provided as an example of a body that undertakes research and makes recommendations to the Attorney-General, who can then implement changes through legislation.
Here are the key terms from the dominoes activity in alphabetical order:
Act
Bill
Committee (Bill)
Commons
Constitutional Reform Act 2005
First
Government bill
Green paper
House of Lords
Lords
Party line
Private member's bill
Second
Statute
White paper
The document discusses key concepts related to the UK constitution, including what a constitution is, the differences between codified and uncodified constitutions, the sources and features of the UK constitution, and debates around sovereignty and reform. It notes that while Parliament is legally sovereign, in practice political sovereignty has evolved, such as through devolution and EU membership, which have placed some limits on Parliamentary power.
The document provides information about legislation and the legislative process in the UK. It discusses why new laws are needed, how Parliament makes laws through Acts of Parliament and delegated legislation, and the process bills go through to become Acts. It describes the roles of the House of Commons and House of Lords in creating legislation. It also outlines some criticisms of the legislative process and methods of controlling delegated legislation.
The document discusses the strengths of the UK constitution. It begins by stating the objectives of identifying strengths of the UK constitution and reflecting on learning from the unit. Some key strengths mentioned include parliamentary sovereignty, which establishes that parliament has ultimate lawmaking power; the principle of the rule of law; and the existence of a unitary state with power held by the central Westminster Parliament. However, some argue these principles are outdated given developments like devolution and European law. An advantage of the UK's uncodified constitution is that it allows for flexibility and reform, as demonstrated by recent constitutional changes. However, some reforms like devolution may limit future flexibility.
Legislation and Delegated Legislations are the most common topics for the law students in Bangladesh. In Most of the cases these topics are included under the syllabus of Jurisprudence and Administrative Law.
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The Sources of English Law Essay example
The document provides an overview of key concepts in media and First Amendment law:
1) It discusses various First Amendment concepts like what is meant by "Congress" and "abridge" in the text, and explores how terms like "freedom" have been defined by courts with regards to whose freedom of speech is protected.
2) It examines prior restraint exceptions like injunctions and pre-publication agreements, as well as governmental review and licensing standards.
3) It explains the importance of content neutrality and how laws can regulate behavior but not expression, advancing a substantial government interest in a narrowly tailored way without blocking the message.
There are three main sources of law: common law, statutory law, and administrative law. Common law is based on previous court decisions, while most new law is statutory law passed by legislatures. Administrative law is made up of regulations from government agencies. New laws can be created when a bill is introduced in Congress, debated, and passed by both the House and Senate and signed by the president. Government agencies also create administrative rules and regulations and hold hearings to enforce compliance. Their power is balanced by statutory limits and oversight from the courts and elected officials.
This document classifies and explains the different sources of law in Malaysia. It discusses the classification of law into public law, private law, and international law. It also outlines the written sources of law including the Federal Constitution, legislation, and subsidiary legislation. Additionally, it covers unwritten sources such as English common law, judicial decisions, customary law, Islamic law, and jurists' writings. Key points covered include the legislative process, advantages and disadvantages of subsidiary legislation, and the doctrine of judicial precedent or stare decisis.
The document discusses examining how the UK constitution limits the power of government and discussing whether these limitations are sufficient. It begins by outlining two goals: to examine how the constitution limits government power and to discuss if these limitations are enough. It then poses a question about whether the country could be at risk from an "evil prime minister" in the future.
The document discusses the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation and how principles of democracy were used to address them. Specifically, it notes that the Articles of Confederation lacked an executive branch, uniform tax collection, and regulation of interstate trade. To solve these problems, the Constitution established new philosophies including separation of powers, checks and balances, judicial review, and federalism.
Parliamentary sovereignty refers to Parliament having ultimate authority to create and change laws. Parliament consists of the House of Commons and House of Lords. Voting by members of Parliament can influence the law making process. Pressure groups can be effective in influencing Parliament and policymaking, such as through public campaigns. The European Communities Act of 1972 limited parliamentary sovereignty by requiring some British laws to comply with EU law. Public Bills relate to the general public and private Bills affect specific individuals or organizations. Green and white papers are government documents outlining proposed policies and legislation. Whip votes refer to votes where members of a party are instructed to vote along party lines. While Parliament can make mistakes, legislation passed by Parliament cannot be deemed unlawful.
This document provides an overview of the English legal system and various aspects of law as a subject for study. It outlines expectations for the AS level law course, exam dates and content which covers legal structures, processes, reasoning and personnel. It then defines different types of law and provides examples of criminal/public law involving the state as well as civil/private law disputes between individuals. Constitutional law and its unwritten nature in the UK is discussed alongside the separation of powers and the changing role of the Lord Chancellor to satisfy that principle.
The relationship between the separation of powersRatnesh Dwivedi
The document discusses the relationship between the separation of powers, rule of law, and parliamentary sovereignty in the British constitution. It outlines how the executive, legislative, and judicial branches are meant to be separated but checks on one another. While parliament has sovereignty, in practice the executive holds influence through party control of parliament. The rule of law requires all are equal before the law. However, recent developments like human rights laws and EU regulations have limited parliament's historic supremacy.
Holden expresses disdain for Ossenburger, the man his dorm wing is named after. Ossenburger made money in the undertaking business by starting cheap funeral parlors. Holden implies Ossenburger provides poor quality burials for little money. While Ossenburger donated money to the school, Holden resents having to cheer for him at a football game and having his dorm named after a man he sees as uncaring about proper burials.
The document provides guidance on answering Question 3, which involves note taking and summary writing. It advises students to focus on the key information asked for in the question, write concisely using bullet points, and limit the summary to 200-250 words using their own words. Students are encouraged to group similar ideas together and use discourse markers to link their points. Time management tips suggest dividing work into sections based on the average number of words per line. The purpose is to help students understand what is expected for the question and how to structure their response.
This document contains guidance and instructions for students taking an IGCSE Reading exam. It begins with a dictionary exercise for students to define vocabulary words. It then provides advice on how to answer Question 1 of the exam, which involves transforming a text into an interview. Students are instructed to address all points equally, make reasonable inferences, and use their own words as much as possible. Sample conventions and structures for writing an interview are also outlined. The document concludes by providing the interview prompt for students to attempt, with guidance on criteria for a successful response.
Reporter: Mrs. Grylls, your son Bear seems to have a real passion for adventure. What kinds of adventures has he been involved in?
Mrs. Grylls responds that Bear has climbed Mount Everest and other challenging peaks from a young age. She notes that he is very determined and focused on conquering difficult tasks. While his adventures concern her at times, she has always known Bear to be drawn to challenges in nature.
The reporter then asks what Bear is like as a person. Mrs. Grylls says he has always had an adventurous spirit and was always climbing trees or walls as a boy. Though
The document provides guidance on how to write a summary in response to exam questions. It advises students to:
- Focus on only the information asked for in the question.
- Group similar ideas together and write them up using their own words, linking ideas with discourse markers.
- Aim to include 15-17 points total across two summaries, divided roughly equally.
- Spend 10 minutes summarizing each passage and 25 minutes writing the summaries.
It then provides an example of how to analyze a passage to identify key points, organize them into themes, and write a summary paragraph in their own words using synonyms and linking ideas.
This document provides guidance for students taking an iGCSE English Language mock exam. It outlines the structure and requirements of the different exam questions. For question two, students will analyze the language and style used in two selected paragraphs to understand the effect on the reader. They are instructed to select four quotes or phrases from each paragraph, explain the impact of the language, and analyze the techniques used by the author. Examples of potential responses are provided, with guidance on writing in a way that effectively addresses the assessment criteria. Teachers provide self-assessment questions and offer peer support to help students improve their exam skills.
The document provides a series of quiz questions testing iGCSE exam skills. The questions cover choosing the right words from passages, making reasonable inferences from pictures, defining vocabulary words, identifying facts about freediving, and matching conventions to genres. The quiz aims to prepare students for the range of question types they may encounter on iGCSE exams.
iGCSE Jan Mock Prep Lesson [Question 2 Extended]Miss Hart
The document provides guidance to students on analyzing the effects that word choices create in a paragraph. It instructs students to:
1) Identify 4 powerful words or phrases from a sample paragraph
2) Note what each word or phrase makes them think of to understand the connotations
3) Explain the effect that each word or phrase creates by discussing its connotations and associations
4) Conclude with a statement about the overall effect of the paragraph based on the language choices
The document uses examples and prompts students to practice this analysis to demonstrate understanding of how an author's word choices can create different effects.
This document provides guidance and examples for students creating their own exam questions and mark schemes based on a provided text extract. It includes:
- Instructions for students to create their own questions 1 and 2 using their understanding of the text.
- An example of question 1 on empathetic writing, including guidance to produce a mark scheme with expected content.
- An analysis of language from the provided text extract as an example for answering question 2.
- Further instructions and examples for completing the exam paper creation task, including finding a linked external text for question 3.
The document provides guidance and feedback on student evaluations. It discusses looking at comments on essays to see what students have done well and could improve. Students must pick one thing to improve for their next essay. If they receive a P grade on an essay or test, they will have to rewrite it. Their progress relates to their ALPS score, which can be green (above), amber (on target), or red (below). The document directs students to complete certain sections and ask questions if unsure.
This document discusses criminal attempts and the law around liability for attempts. It addresses the key issues and debates around the current test for what constitutes an attempt under the Criminal Attempts Act 1981. Specifically, it examines the "more than merely preparatory" phrase and how courts have interpreted it inconsistently in different cases, leading to uncertainty. It also compares the old common law tests for an attempt that existed prior to the Act and discusses whether they were any clearer or more appropriate than the current statutory test. The document aims to analyze the problems and limitations with the current approach to criminal attempts in order to fully understand this area of law.
The document discusses the legal concept of mens rea, or guilty mind, which is required for criminal liability. It covers several key aspects of mens rea, including:
- Intention, which can be direct (foreseeing and intending the consequences) or oblique (intending one consequence but foreseeing and being liable for another).
- The development of the test for determining oblique intent and liability for unintended consequences over several cases, culminating in the "virtual certainty" test in R v Woollin.
- Types of mens rea like intention and how scenarios can illustrate direct versus oblique intent.
Damian pulled a knife on Juan during an argument. Juan ran into the road in fear and knocked over Brenda on a bike, causing minor injuries to Juan and ultimately leading to Brenda's death after being hit by a car due to a thin skull. Juan refused medical treatment for his cut which became infected with gangrene. A doctor's error during an amputation to treat the infection caused Juan's death.
The statements evaluate Damian's liability for the harms to Juan and Brenda at different points in the causal chain. Statement A argues Damian is not liable for Juan's bruising, while Statement B argues he is not liable for Brenda's death due to her thin skull. Statement C argues the
The document provides an overview of key concepts in the criminal law topic of actus reus and omissions. It discusses the general rules for establishing criminal liability, which require both an actus reus (guilty act) and mens rea (guilty mind). It examines different types of acts that can satisfy the actus reus requirement, such as acts, omissions, consequences or results. It also explores the concept of omissions in criminal liability and how liability can arise from a failure to act in certain situations where there is a duty of care. The document uses cases like Donoghue v Stevenson and Airedale NHS Trust v Bland to illustrate these legal principles and provides examples, questions, and tasks
This document provides instructions for students to complete an assignment on the law of causation in tort law. It begins by asking students to plan their response to the question "The approach of the courts to the issues of causation is unfair to the defendant" and whether this is a correct statement of the law. Students are given two hours the following day to complete a 50-mark essay responding to this question. They are instructed to use case examples and details from their notes and planning sheet to support their answer. Feedback is also provided on previous student responses, highlighting areas of strong performance and areas for improvement in demonstrating knowledge of cases, identifying issues, and critically discussing the case law. Students are asked to identify a target for improvement in their
Here are potential links between the pictures and the topic of precedent in law:
Picture 1 (scales of justice): The scales of justice represent fairness and balance, which is what courts aim for when applying and following precedent - treating similar cases similarly. Precedent aims to promote consistency and predictability in the law.
Picture 2 (books): Law reports and law books contain published judgments from past cases that set precedents. Lawyers and judges research these sources to find binding and persuasive precedents to apply to current cases.
Picture 3 (gavel): The gavel is a symbol of a judge's authority in a courtroom. When a higher court overrules a lower court's decision, it is exercising its hierarchical authority established by
Duress can be a defense to most crimes, but not murder or attempted murder. There are three tests for duress: 1) D reasonably feared death or serious injury from a threat; 2) A sober, reasonable person would have acted the same way; 3) The threat was imminent. The threat must be against D or someone they are responsible for, like family. Self-induced duress is not a defense if D knew they could be threatened. Duress of circumstances also considers if D had no reasonable choice due to external factors beyond their control.
The document discusses the key elements of involuntary manslaughter, including gross negligence and constructive act manslaughter. It provides examples of cases and asks questions to test the reader's understanding of distinguishing between constructive acts, gross negligence, duties of care, breaches that cause death, and what constitutes grossly negligent actions. It aims to consolidate knowledge of this area of criminal law.
The document provides an overview of the law on loss of control as a partial defence to murder. It discusses the issues with the old law on provocation and how the Coroners and Justice Act 2009 aimed to address these. It examines the elements of the new defence, including the requirement for a loss of self-control, and the two qualifying triggers of fear of serious violence or circumstances of an extremely grave character that caused a justifiable sense of being seriously wronged. The document applies these legal principles through examples and evaluates whether the new law has adequately reformed the issues with the previous defence of provocation.
The document provides information and discussion questions about the defense of diminished responsibility in English criminal law. There are four key elements to the defense that must be proven: 1) abnormality of mental functioning, 2) recognized medical condition causing the abnormality, 3) substantial impairment, and 4) the abnormality must provide an explanation for the killing. The document examines cases that have helped define these elements and discusses debates around topics like the burden of proof, the role of intoxication, and proposed reforms to the defense. Students are prompted to consider application of the law to hypothetical scenarios and to critically analyze statements related to diminished responsibility.
Youngest c m in India- Pema Khandu BiographyVoterMood
Pema Khandu, born on August 21, 1979, is an Indian politician and the Chief Minister of Arunachal Pradesh. He is the son of former Chief Minister of Arunachal Pradesh, Dorjee Khandu. Pema Khandu assumed office as the Chief Minister in July 2016, making him one of the youngest Chief Ministers in India at that time.
केरल उच्च न्यायालय ने 11 जून, 2024 को मंडला पूजा में भाग लेने की अनुमति मांगने वाली 10 वर्षीय लड़की की रिट याचिका को खारिज कर दिया, जिसमें सर्वोच्च न्यायालय की एक बड़ी पीठ के समक्ष इस मुद्दे की लंबित प्रकृति पर जोर दिया गया। यह आदेश न्यायमूर्ति अनिल के. नरेंद्रन और न्यायमूर्ति हरिशंकर वी. मेनन की खंडपीठ द्वारा पारित किया गया
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2. The purpose of today’s
lesson is to be able to
explain how this picture
relates to the topic, and
helps to control law.
3. The next topic:
Delegated Legislation
Definition: This is where the power to make laws for a specific
purpose is delegated to a body other than Parliament.
It is also known as secondary legislation.
...so what does that mean
primary legislation is?
...why might it be important
to know whether legislation
is primary or secondary?
Develop your
understanding
Why do we need a second
form of legislation?
...Dunstable wants to make the
whole town one way, as people
keep getting knocked down.
... The group Dunstable or Die are
threatening to destroy all
competing towns, and the Home
Secretary wants to ban
membership to stop them.
4. So what do we need to give away this
power?
We need a primary act of legislation, known as parent or enabling Act
Applying your understanding:
Each of the Acts is an example of a Parent Act. Can you guess:
1. Who is gives the power to.
2. What that power is.
Criminal Justice and
Police Act 2001
Example:
Dangerous Dogs Act 1991 gives powers
to the Home Secretary to add new breeds
to the Dangerous Dogs list.
Misuse of Drugs
Act 1971
PACE 1984
5. Can you think of an
example we’ve
already met on the
AS Level?
There are three types of DL*
A law covering a specific
area, or ex-nationalised
companies.
By Law
*well, there’s actually a fourth to come later!
A rule or regulation put
forward by the relevant
minister
Statutory InstrumentA law passed in emergency,
or under the Queen’s old
powers (‘perogative’)
Orders in Council
6. What’s the word?
By-Law
Parent Act Order in Council
Challenge: Too easy? Which is the odd one out and why?
Y
Statutory Instrument
7. Student Task:
Each table has a pack of information.
Using the information, can you complete p.3, to
explain, illustrate and evaluate the three types of
delegated legislation we will look at?
Applying and extending
your knowledge
Hint: You will
find two
examples of
each.
... Oh, and don’t
be taken in by
all the
headings!
Who does this give power to
create law to?
E
Where do they get the power
from?
(This means the Parent Act)
D
What powers are they given?
Give some specific examples
C
What controls (if any) can you
spot on the passing of this DL?
B
Why do you think that the
body was given the powers
rather than Parliament
generally?
A
8. Alittlemoreinformation...
ByLaws
Example One:
Example Two:
Local Government Act 1972
Example Three:
Boddington v British
Transport Police 1998
How do they become law?
How do we let people know that they
apply?
How do we stop Dunstable Town Council
from making all 16 year olds wear onesies?
9. Example One:
R (Bancoult) v Secretary of State
for Foreign and Commonwealth
Affairs (2006)
Student Task:
At the back of your handout, you will find a copy
of this article. Read it and answer the following
questions:
What were the facts of the situation?
Which court handed down the verdict?
When will the judgment come into effect?
What problems with Orders in Council can you
spot?
What powers does the court have?
Orders in Council
Example Two:
Emergency Powers Act 1920
European Communities Act 1972
These give power to:
Example Three:
Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 s.2
11. Secondary or Primary?
You are going to see 9 statements.
Which type of legislation do they refer to?
Careful: you only have 10 seconds per statement!*
*Lollipops require excellence!
Can be over 3000 a
year!
Are proposed by a
minister
Can be amended by
Parliament before
becoming law
Involves lamposts
Can be created by a
minister
Can become law even
when Parliament isn’t
there
Can be challenged in
the court
Controls the
powers.
Can have lots of
babies!
13. StatutoryInstruments(SIs)
Example One:
Dangerous Dogs Act 1991
Example Two:
PACE 1984
Example Three:
Higher Education Act 2004
s. 24 & 47
These give powers to individual minister to make certain rules or regulations within their areas.
How do they become law?
How do we make sure that the minister doesn’t just do what he wants?
affirmative negative
What’s Parliament’s input into this?
14. A final type of delegated legislation... The destruction of democracy:
Legislative and Regulatory Reform Act 2006
So what does the Act do?
This allows a minister to ‘read in’ delegated to
powers into any act of Parliament even if they
were not there to start with.
Limitations:
They can only be ‘read in’ if they would
reduce a burden
They must be passed using the
super-affirmative resolution
The minister must consult affected parties
Student
evaluation:
Is the introduction of
these new powers
justified? Why might
some people call this
the end of democracy?
What steps has the
government taken to
provide controls? Are
they sufficient?
15. An example:
I have a pet tiger!
Under the Dangerous Wild
Animals Act 1976, I need a licence
to have one and furthermore I must be
inspected again if I lose my licence and
need a new one, or if I want to get a
second pet tiger
Minister for the Environment thinks that
is too much, but has no delegated
powers under the act to change this
As he wants to remove inspections, he
says that this is removing a burden and
so issues an LRO, reading in powers to
the earlier Act
Parliament decides that the LRO should
be passed using the superaffirmative
procedure, rather than the affirmative
60 days, and 2 votes later…It’s Law!
16. Applying your knowledge
Source:
Delegated legislation is the description
given to the vast body of orders in
council, statutory instruments and
bylaws created by subordinate bodies
under specific powers delegated to
those bodies by Parliament. The need for
delegated legislation is that it enables
regulations to be made and altered
quickly. The powers delegated are
frequently defined in the widest terms.
An example is the Human Rights Act
which empowers a minister to make such
amendments to legislation, or
subordinate legislation, as he considers
appropriate in order to remove
incompatibility with the European
Convention on Human Rights.
Adapted from 'Walker & Walker's English Legal
System', R. Ward 8th Edition, Butterworths.
b) Identify and explain the most suitable type
of delegated legislation to implement law in
the following situations:
(i) To implement a European Union
Directive quickly when Parliament is not
sitting. [5]
(ii) To allow a government department to
issue regulations on education. [5]
(iii) For a train company (a public
corporation) to implement a ban on the use
of mobile phones by passengers. [5]
15
5
10
Decision Because Illustration ,
example
AORP
17. Self-Mark
i ii iii
Level Four
5
Credit reference to any
relevant case or a link to
the source.
Credit reference to any
relevant case or a link to
the source
Credit reference to any
relevant case or a link to
the source.
Level Three
4
Level Two
3
Explain the power was
given via the European
Communities Act
Explain that government
ministers introduce
particular regulations
under powers delegated
to them by Parliament in
enabling legislation
Bylaws can be made by
local authorities or public
corporations.
Level One
1-2
recognise the most
suitable type would be
an Order in
Council.
recognise the most
suitable type would be
Statutory Instruments
recognise the most
suitable type would be
Bylaws
18. WhydoweneedDL?
Well, it lets them add technical
detail, e.g. the level of fine, without
having to pass a new act each time
They can also use them flesh out the
law in more detail, because Parliament is
not quite bright enough, or expert
enough, to describe it accurately e.g.
pension calculations
Finally, they can use this method to
update the law more easily e.g.
changing the classification of
Cannabis
They can use the expertise of
people who know better than them!
E.g. computer regulations,
environmental standards, local
councils.
It is more flexible than primary
statutes. It can be altered to suit
changing circumstances
It is quick to bring in, which
means that emergencies can be
responded to quickly
Prevents Parliamentary timetable from being overloaded by allowing them to
focus on the big picture e.g. the aims and scope of the Act, rather than the
minute detail.
It allows for further
consultation with affected
parties
1. Go back through and add an explanation or example to at least four
reasons
2. Discuss some of the problems associated with delegated legislation.
All of you must identify three problems.
Most of you will be able to explain why they are problems
Some of you will be able to discuss why they are not too terrible a problem
through the introduction of a counter argument.
Student Tasks:
19. Plenary:
How well have you understood?
Discuss one problem with delegated legislation
Explain one reason we might need delegated
legislation
Describe what is meant by a legislative reform order
Explain what is meant by a parent act
Identify the three types of delegated legislation
A
B
C
D
E
20. So, can you explain how this
picture relates to the topic,
and helps to control law?
21. Who or what am I?
Below there are five descriptions which will appear. As soon as you recognise who or
what is being described...
Put it on your whiteboard!
(the earlier... The more points )
1. I am more common than you think
2. I claim to work for the Queen
3. I am great at moving people
4. I’m a good contact in an Emergency
5. I can also bother about substances.
1. I am very powerful.
2. I control delegated legislation
3. I am not married but have lots of children.
4. I am much, much slower than my children
5. I decide who has the power and what they
have the power to do
1. I am very common.
2. I am made by many different organisations.
3. I apply to specific places or areas
4. I am often published on lamposts
5. I am in the Local Government Act 1972
1. I am very common.
2. I am made by many different people but they
must have a specific responsibility for me.
3. I am also known as a regulation
4. I am in the Dangerous Dogs Act
5. There are over 3000 a year.
1. I am more European than I sound.
2. I can tell you what drugs are what
3. I like working when others aren’t around
4. I’m useful if your feet and mouths are
bothering you
5. I’m made up of many ministers.
22. What controls are there in this section of the
Dangerous Dogs Act 1991?
What are the limits on his powers?
Who else must they consult?
What is the role of Parliament in creating the SI?
How effective do you think these controls are?
24. Parliamentary Controls
Ask a Question!
Affirmative Resolution
Negative Resolution
Scrutiny Committees
in HL
The Parent Act itself
Approval for By laws
Revocation or further legislation
25. What’s the word?
By-Law
Parent Act Order in Council
Challenge: Too easy? Which is the odd one out and why?
Y
Statutory Instrument
26. Judicial Controls:
Judicial Review
This is where someone who is directly affected by the law challenges its legality in
the courts. Unlike Primary legislation, the courts can set aside DL if they wish.
What is it?
To bring a judicial review, you must have locus standii.
Gillick v West Norfolk AHA (1986)
Why did Mrs Gillick have standing?
Would she have had standing if she had only
sons?
Who can bring it?
27. There are two(ish) types of
Judicial Review
Procedural
Don’t follow the rules
Aylesbury Mushrooms
Substantive
Try to do something you don’t have the
power to do!
Secretary of State
for Education (ex
parte NUT)
R v Jobcentre Plus
(ex parte Ann
Summers) 2003*
*IS task for this week
28. ... and Wedensbury unreasonableness
Associated Picture House v Wednesbury Corporation 1948
The local council banned all children under fourteen from going to
the cinema on Sundays. The Sunday Entertainment Act 1932, allowed
local councils to pass by-laws controlling public entertainment venues.
The cinema sought judicial review saying that the council had gone
beyond it’s powers in passing the by-law.
1. Parent Act?
2. Type of DL?
3. Who did it give power to?
4. What did they do with this power?
5. Why was it not substantive or procedural?
6. What was the outcome?
Student task:
Read the summary of the case and complete the task below
29. Starter:
Each of the following illustrates a case or phrase
associated with DL... What are they?
1 2 3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
30. Recapping those Controls.
On the cards, you have 12 controls
.
1. Match them to their description
2. Sort them into the three types of control.
Hint: these are not right!
Joint
Committee
House of Lords
committee who
look at delegated
powers in a
proposed bill
31. Are the controls really effective at
controlling anything?
Example:
Publication
Need some more guidance?
Can you start by explaining why it is effective?
Can you expand on your point? Explain how an example supports your
argument, or give another reason
Can you counter that argument? Why might it not be so effective?
Can you support and explain your counter argument?
Think about it as two bullet points per box
Exam tip: try to include something from each set of controls!
32. But did you
really get it?!
You all seem a little unclear on
one of the areas, so let’s look at
all of them!
Using your notes and
understanding, complete the
revision sheet to give you an
overview of the topic!
33. Dominoes:
Can you make the triangles happy?
Create the big triangle by matching the questions and answers on the little triangles in front of you!
34. Developing your AO2
Disadvantages of DL
Volume
Sub-delegation
Difficult to
Understand
Scrutiny
Democratic
Accountability
You will need to be able to explain why and
illustrate each of them
Finally... If you are going for TOP marks
Why might they not be as big an disadvantage as
they appear?
35. Plenary:
How well have you understood?
Discuss one problem with delegated legislation
Explain one reason we might need delegated
legislation
Describe what is meant by a legislative reform order
Explain what is meant by a parent act
Identify the three types of delegated legislation
A
B
C
D
E
37. End of Unit
Test: Ci
This time, we’re going to do it a bit
differently. We are going to complete the
sections of the paper, as they are taught!
With reference to sources A and B
and using your knowledge of
delegated legislation:
Describe the three different types
of delegated legislation. 12
Basics:
AO?
What does this mean your
answer should include?
What will you include?
What help is there in the
source(s)?
38. Intro:
Main Area/ Point/
Subheading
Means? Description of each Example(s) or
origin(s)
Other information
Conclusion
Describe the three different types of delegated legislation [15]
Hint One:
It might be one box... But
it’s going to need more than
one point!
Hint Two:
Examples need to be more
than a statement!
Hint Three:
You must include
at least one LTS
40. Chocolate Easter Egg (Selling and Manufacture) Act 2012
This is an Act to provide for the regulation of the selling of chocolate Easter eggs during the winter months
and limit the manufacture and selling of such products until the Spring.
On your sheet you have a number of
tasks based on this Act.
All of them are intended to check your
understanding of Delegated Legislation.
Applying your knowledge
41. Can you tell the bad from the good?
Divide them into advantages and disadvantages of DL
42. End of Unit
Test: Cii
This is the difficult one!
With reference to sources A and B
and using your knowledge of
delegated legislation:
Discuss the disadvantages and
advantages of delegated legislation.
Basics:
AO?
What does this mean your
answer should include?
What will you include?
What help is there in the
source(s)?
43. Introduction
Main Point Because Illustration/ And However... because LTS
Fast
It allows a quick
response to new threats
or emergencies and so
protect the public more
effectively.
Terrorism Act 2000 (allows
new terrorist groups to be
added)
Emergency Powers Act
1920 which...
It does not allow for
scrutiny of the decision
and can be undemocratic
because...
Conclusion
Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of delegated legislation
45. Decision Why/because And… AORP
Decision Why/because And… AORP
Decision Why/because And… AORP
Using Source B, explain the lawfulness of each of these interviews, which was conducted at a police station, but was
done without taping.
On the 1st November 1991 Gemma was arrested for a summary offence and interviewed.
Carl was suspected of an indictable offence and was interviewed on the 1st November
2000
Hank was detained under s.14(1)(a) of the prevention of Terrorism (Temporary Provisions)
Act 1989 and was interviewed in March 2000
46. Quick Pause and recap…
What’s the link?
How a Bill becomes an Act
(but more of that later….)
47. Intro:
Main Area/ Point/
Subheading
Means Example or origin Explanation
Pre-Parliamentary
Stages
First House
Other Place
Royal Assent
(Parliament Act 1949
restrictions)
Conclusion
Describe how an Act of Parliament is made with reference to source A and your own knowledge
48. So, what makes a
good answer?
Here’s an answer from a student in the past:
Parliament writes a Bill which becomes an Act.
Before it’s a bill, it starts as a green paper and then a
whitepaper.
When the bill goes to Parliament, it gets it’s first
reading where the minister stands up and reads out
the bill. If it is successful, then it moves on to the
second reading where there’s a debate. At this point
it then goes to the committee who look at the bill
and report back and there is one final debate in the
third reading before it goes to the House of Lords
In the House of Lords, it goes through all the same
stages. Only budgets can’t start here. It then goes to
the Queen to sign, or as the source calls it, royal
assent, before it becomes law on the date of
commencement.
The process is a long one and can involve lots of ping
ponging between the two houses.
Good Things in
the Answer
Failures in the
Answer
Other things
that should have
been mentioned
Which of the following descriptions do you
think fits the answer?
“linking to the source, accurate reference to
each stage with good supporting detail and
mention the pre-legislative stages”
“most or all the stages are present with some
explanation”
“some stages and some explanation”
“a bare list, with no more that a couple of
points explained”
49. Quick Self-Evaluation
Complete the short form in front of you, and stick it on the back of your answer.
For each question, pick the level you think you have achieved
Qu. A Qu.B Qu.Ci Qu.Cii
Level 4 linking to the source,
accurate reference to
each stage with good
supporting detail and
mention the pre-
legislative stages
Identifies the critical
point (whether lawful),
two other relevant
factors and explanation
& LTS
Covers all three types
and links to the source.
Good level of
description
Four well developed
points, covering both
sides and linking to the
source
Level 3 most or all the stages
are present with some
explanation
Identifies the critical
point, one other relevant
factor, explanation &
LTS
Covers all three types,
with an adequate level
of description.
Three well developed
points and some kind of
two sided discussion –
at least one mention of
each.
Level 2 some stages and some
explanation
Identifies the critical
point and explains why
Either covers all three,
but with limited
description or covers
one or two with
adequate description
Either two well
developed points, or a
range of limited points.
May be only focused on
one side
Level 1 a bare list, with no
more than a couple of
points explained”
Tries to identify the
critical point.
Either very limited
description of all three,
or only describes one.
A list, which may have
some development in
places.
50. Plenary
How confident are you?
The types of bill
How a Bill becomes an Act
What delegated legislation is
The three types of DL
Why we need DL
The general controls of DL
The Parliamentary controls of DL
The judicial controls of DL
The changes under the Legislative and
Regulatory Reform Act 2006
I know
what this
is.
I can
describe
this
I can
evaluate or
discuss this
Any areas you have put nothing for...
Were you missing?
Did you ask?
Have you researched?
Editor's Notes
Answers:
Consultation
High court (judicial Review)
Super Affirmative
Negative Resolution
Jennings
Ann Summers
Strictland
Aylesbury Mushrooms
By Laws
Misuse of Drugs Act