Laws are created through a legislative process to establish order and protect rights. The process begins with a draft bill that is debated and amended in the House of Representatives and Senate. If approved, the bill is sent to the Prime Minister and King for signatures to become law. There are different types of laws created by various authorities to address different needs, such as acts passed by Parliament, emergency decrees for urgent issues, and local ordinances for community matters. The Constitutional Court can remove parts of laws found to violate the constitution.

13. Unit 2: Laws

14. Living in a society with other people requires to have rules and regulations.
Why?
Why is there a need to restrict the actions of people with rules and regulations?

15. Unit 2: Topic 1
Meaning and importance of Laws

16. Unit 2: Topic 1
Meaning of Laws

17. Law is a practice regulation legislated by authorities of a country, enforcing people
under the jurisdiction of such country to abide by it.
Luang Chamroon Netisart
This means that laws are made to control us or
tell us how we should behave (regulation)
and its
something we should do and follow (practice)
To LEGISLATE means to make laws.
Authorities here talk about the lawmakers of a
country
“enforcing people” here means to make the
people follow no matter what
OR
That people MUST follow it.
This part of the sentence simply means that
people living in a country must follow the laws
of that country
(even the foreigners of that country)

18. The Royal Institute Dictionary of Law (2001)
Laws are enacted BY
THE AUTHORITIES
Or had risen from the customs that are
accepted to be used in the country
It is enacted FOR THE PEOPLE TO
FOLLOW
Used to regulate the relationship between individuals
and relationship between individual and the state.
Enact =
To make laws
Page 22

19. Page 22
Unit 2: Topic 1
Importance of Laws

20. 1. To create order in the society
and nation
Laws tells everyone their rights, all
their LEGAL rights
Laws require people not to VIOLATE
the rights of others. If this is done
then the country will have peace and
order.
Example of rights:
The right to own a property
The right to travel
The right to express ones opinion
Page 22

21. 2. To accelerate the
administration and the
development of the country
If people followed the rules and did strictly
followed their duties and responsibilities,
the government’s administration will be
operated smoothly resulting in the
development of the country
This simply means do your job as a good
citizen and follow the laws so the
government can also do their job the best
they can and focus on solving other
important problems.
Page 22

22. 3. To be the principle in life for people
and create order in the society.
Laws mostly focus on proper conduct and
good behavior for the people. Knowing
these can help a person know how to deal
with others properly.
Laws also puts order and arrangement to
important things in the society.
Page 22
Example:
According to the law, the mother must register the birth of her
baby to get a birth certificate.
Now imagine the life of the baby when he/she grows up if the
mother did not follow the law and not registered the baby for
a birth certificate.

23. Rest for a bit
Do you have
any questions?

24. Unit 2: Topic 2
Legislative Process

25. Unit 2: Topic 2
Type of Laws

26. 1. The Court of Justice
2. The Administrative Court
3. The military courts
4. The Constitutional Court of Thailand.
The Parliament
Divided into 2 groups:
1. House of Representatives
2. Senate
Constitution

27. Types
of Laws
Organic Law
Act
Emergency
Decree
Royal
Decree
Ministerial
Regulation
Local
Ordinance
Page 23

28. Law legislated in the form of an “ACT”
Organic laws specifies additional details in
the constitution so that the constitution is
more clear and complete.
(Because the constitution is not very specific)
What
Cabinet members
(the members under the executive branch)
Parliament
(The House of Representatives
And the Senate )
Judicial Branch
(The Constitutional Court, the supreme
court)
Also, it can be made by any other independent groups whose
leader is responsible on making a law
Note: An Organic Law is also defined in
LAW DICTIONARY as the system of laws
that define the foundation and
organization of a government.
Organic Law = Explains in detail the
Constitution of a country
Who can make/submit a
draft proposal?
Page 23

29. A legislation (laws made) that is enacted
(signed to become a law) by the King as
suggested by the Parliament
Act is also defined as A bill (proposed law)
which has passed through the various
legislative steps required for it and which
has become law
What
Who can make/submit a
draft proposal?
Cabinet
(the members under the executive branch)
Parliament
(The House of Representatives)
Judicial Branch
(The Courts of Thailand)
Independent organizations
(working in different fields )
The People
(Through a petition)
Page 23

30. What
Who can make/submit a
draft proposal?
A law enacted by the King as suggested by
the Cabinet
It is used during emergencies when there’s a
need to maintain public peace and security
Once signed by the King, the Emergency
Decree is submitted to the Parliament to
enforce its power.
Page 23
There are times when laws created NOT following the
RIGHT PROCESS of making laws in order to address and
emergency.
A law enacted by the King as suggested by
the Cabinet
Approved by the Parliament for the
Emergency Decree to become a law
ENACT here means
a. To make into law
b. To command
c. To prescribe and suggest

31. What
Who can make/submit a
draft proposal?
Laws enacted by the King as suggested by
the Cabinet
or
by the administrative section under the
vested power in the constitution
Can also be legislated under an “Act” or an
“Emergency Decree” but Royal decree is
inferior to this two.
This law is meant for the government’s
administration of the state’s affairs
(meaning, these are laws for government officials to be
used in running the country and doing their jobs)
Laws enacted by the King as suggested by
the Cabinet
or
by the administrative section under the
vested power in the constitution
Page 23

32. What
Who can make/submit a
draft proposal?
Law legislated under an “Act” or
“Emergency Decree”
And are regarded as “Parent laws”
Issued by the administrative section like a
minister with the approval of the Cabinet
Administrative section, the ministers with
the approval of the Cabinet
(the PM and the other ministers)
I think this is not “Parent Law”
Upon checking Ministerial Regulation, it
seems some of it is focused on economic
side of laws so this
I THINK should be PATENT LAWS
Paten Laws are laws created to protect
invention/creations of new things and
property rights which are used in business
and profit.
Page 23

33. What
Who can make/submit a
draft proposal?
Laws legislated by each local administrative
organization (the provinces, cities)
To enforce POWER within areas of local
administration
Ex: Chiang Mai has Local Ordinances or
Municipal laws for people living in Chiang
Mai to follow
Page 23
Local Administrative leaders such as the
governor and his people.

34. Homework = 1 Law per Student only
Look for 1 example
of:
1. Organic Law
2. Act
3.Emergency Decree
4. Royal Decree
5. Ministerial
Regulation
6. Local Ordinance
On ½ A4 Paper give me:
a. The name of the law
b. What the law is about
Give me your homework next week
(Monday for 2A, Wednesday for 2B)

35. c. If you find a law
from a news article,
and you can’t find the
law’s name, then copy
the (1) title of the
news article (2) Name
of News Site and (3)
explain a little bit
about the law

36. NOTE: Before you complain!!!
The laws can be found online. Thailand has started putting softcopies of laws on the
internet (both in Thai and in English language)
1. For Organic Law = You can focus on the Organic Laws of the current government or the
previous governments.
2. Act = Just type “Acts and Laws in Thailand” and you will see so many acts and laws.
3.Emergency Decree = These are very easy to find. You can use the new decrees or the old
ones from the previous government.
4. Royal Decree = There are so many of this on the internet.
5. Ministerial Regulation = A bit hard but trust me you can find one online. Just focus on
one ministerial regulation (mostly focused on anything business/economy related)
6. Local Ordinance = Focus on the local laws that Chiang Mai has.

37. Rest for a bit
Do you have
any questions?

38. Unit 2: Topic 2
Legislative Process (how is a law made?)

39. Let’s skip first to
Page 27
Council of
Ministers
House of
Representatives
Voters
(not fewer than
the required
number stated in
the constitution)
Draft
of Bill
Draft of
Bill
(Only the
essence in
chapter stated
in the
constitution)
1.
Parliament
(House of
Representatives
and the Senate
2. Prime
Minister
3. King
grants his
Royal
signature
Promulgate
the LAW
Bills will be
reviewed/worked
here many times
What if the prime minister
and his people does not like
the law because it has
problems in it?

40. Unit 2: Topic 2
Legislative Process (in the Parliament)

41. 1. The Court of Justice
2. The Administrative Court
3. The military courts
4. The Constitutional Court of Thailand.
The Parliament
Divided into 2 groups:
1. House of Representatives
2. Senate
Turn to
Page 24

42. House of
Representatives
(The Lower House)
(More Members)
Senators
(The Upper House)
(Fewer members)
The Legislative
Branch holds the
legislative power
(The Lawmakers of the country)
Page 24 - 25
So, how is a law
created?

43. 1st Reading
Accepting the BILL
A bill is explained
discussed and debated
whether it is good to
become a law
2nd Reading
Considering the
detail in the Bill
Amending the Bill
3rd Reading
Passing the bill
and sending it to
the Senate for
review
1st
Approving the Act/Bill
+++
The Prime Minister will
present it to the King for his
Royal Signature.
Publish it in the
Government Gazette for
the enforcement.
2nd
Disapproving the Act
The parliament suspends
the act and returns it to the
House of Representatives
3rd
Amending
Notify the House of
representatives of
the changes
Note: Laws take time to make because of the
processes and the signatures needed. However,
there is a time frame for some laws to follow.
Note: Following the process and rules of
submitting and making a law should be followed
STRICTLY
Page 24 - 26

44. If the
Constitutional
Court of Thailand
(one of the special
courts) find some
parts of the act as
NOT FOLLOWING
THE
CONSTITUTION
…then…
That part will be
removed and the
other parts of the
ACT will me kept.
Page 24 - 26
Prime
Minister
The King for his
Royal Signature

45. Citizens or the Thai people
with legal age to vote can
also suggest a draft bill or
propose a law for the
national or local level
This is called the
RIGHT TO PETITION
(petition means “to
request”)
BUT the people must follow the
proper steps in giving a petition.
No one can take a short cut or
disrespect the process of
making laws
1. There must be enough signatures for it to be considered by the
Parliament
2. The proposed bill/act must follow the format of a proposed bill/act
3. The petition must follow the constitution

46. Any questions?

47. Activity

48. Unit 2: Topic 3
Types of Laws: Laws related to
Oneself and the family

49. 1. Civil law regarding
capacity of minor
Minor = a child or a person not reaching
his legal age.
Persons that are beyond 20 or being
married (marrying age in Thailand is 17
but with consent from parents)
Legal Representative =
A person who will carry out a juristic act
on behalf of a minor or give approval to a
minor in committing juristic act (normally,
father or mother)
The law considers that a minor is
immature in terms of mind, body and
thinking, skill and expertise.
Thus, the law does not allow any minor
to do any sort of legal binding activities
such as marriage or voting.
a. If parents are absent then there’s a
guardian who is authorized by the
law to govern the minor
What juristic acts can a minor do without the
approval of the representative or guardian?
Page 28

50. 1. Any act to obtain a right or
disengage from duty which
provide benefit to the minor
only with no loss
2. Business to be done by the
minor himself/herself such as
in the matter of
acknowledgement of children.
3. Acts appropriate to the
status and necessary to live
properly
4. A minor may take a WILL at
the complete age of 15
Page 28-29
Ex.1 A minor can accept
properties and assets from
others with no binding
Ex.2 remission from creditor
Ex.1 The minor can
acknowledge his/her child (if
this minor committed sexual
acts an early age)
What juristic acts can a
minor do without the
approval of the
representative or
guardian?
For Status: anything proper for the
minor’s condition
For living: ex. Buying food and
things that can help the minor
Will = A legal document expressing
how a property will be given to
someone or some people.

51. Why do you
need parents
or guardians?
?
So no one can
take advantage
of the minor
In terms of
relationship,money,
labor, education
and career
Master Dani’ addition: In
terms of other activities
where a minor lacks the
ability to understand the
moral or ethical standing
of a situation
The idea of
Moral Ascendancy

52. 2. Law regarding the National ID
1. Criteria for a
person to have the
national ID
a. Thai born
b. Age 7-70
c. Name registered
d. EXEMPTION: Monks
and novices (they
have their own legal
identification)
2. Application for
a national ID
a. Submit a request
within 60 days after
reaching 7 years of age
or have obtained the
Thai nationality
or after the registrar
registered the name into
the house registration
according to the law
ID card valid for 8 years
since date of issuance –
expiry requires renewal
3. Replacement of
ID card
a. Submit a request
within 60 days that
the card is lost
or damaged in
essence
or when surname is
changed
or name and surname
are changed
Page 29-30

53. WhytheNationalIDCard?
A great benefit for the person, the
locality and nation ex. for receiving
services from gov’t or private sectors
Ex. In case of contacting government
agency or private groups for
information about the person
Ex. For obtaining things needed to
live in a society like opening a bank
account or any bank transactions
Ex. For when exercising the right to
vote
Ex. For when receiving money order
It was first introduced in 1943
when Plaek Phibunsongkram was
the Prime Minister. The minimum age
was originally 16 years but later altered
to 15 in 1983 and 7 in 2011.
Failure to produce a card without good
reasons can result in up to ฿200 fine
according to the National Identity Card
Act
Are you guys
allowed to
show a picture
of your ID
online or in
public?
Page 30

54. 3. Civil
Law
regarding
the family
1.
Engagement
2. Marriage
3. Heritage
or Estate
4.
Acknowledge
ment of
Children
5. Adoption
Page 30-34

55. Definition: Engagement means
a formal agreement to get married.
Engagement

56. Definition: Compensation or to compensate means
something, typically money, awarded to someone as a recompense for loss, injury, or
suffering.

57. Definition: Party means
people or sides of people involved in a formal agreement or
argument, especially a legal one:
Party:
His
side
Party:
Her
side

58. 1.
Engagement
Definition: A promise
that a man and a
woman are to be
married
Breaking engagement
after the promise, the
other party must
recover compensation
Ex: A girl breaking the
engagement gives the
man the right for
compensation
(vice-versa)
A person cannot be
legally forced to get
engaged and
married
1.1
Engagement
conditions
With the
consent/permission of
parents, adopting
party or guardians, a
person reaching age of
17 can get engaged
1.2
Engagement
Gifts
A man gives a woman
an engagement gift as
evidence of
engagement and a
guarantee of marriage
Page 30-31

59. The engagement will be completed once the man delivers or transfers the assets
served as engagement gift to the woman. After the engagement, the property becomes
the property of the woman
Is it a mansion?
Page 31
Just kidding

60. Bride Price
The property that a man
offers to the parents or
guardians of the woman
to compensate the
agreement for marriage
If the marriage does not
happen because of
reasons caused by the
woman, the man can
claim for the return of the
bride price
If engagement is done and
a party breaks the
promise, the other part
can recover
compensation.
Page 31
What if the
woman breaks
the
engagement?
Then the
engagement gift
be returned to
the man

61. Homework! On a clean piece of paper (notebook page or one-half A4 Paper)
1. What do you call A and B in Thai language/culture? What the typical gifts given? Give
examples.
2. In your opinion, are A and B still important today?
Do Thai people still need to practice A and B? Why? Explain your answer briefly.
a b

62. Page 31
Ways of compensation when engagement is broken
Compensation can be recovered as follows:
1. To compensate the damage to the body or reputation of that man or
woman
2. To compensate the damages to the betrothed (engaged), the parents or
guardians (expenses of the parents for example)
3. To compensate the damage as the betrothed (engaged) has managed
assets or other acts related to own career in an appropriate way because
of the expectation of marriage (ex. Giving up work for marriage)

63. It is possible to break
the engagement when
both parties agree to
it.
No need for written
consent signed by a
witness
Once the promise is
terminated the
previous status will be
restored = all the
engagement gifts and
bride prices be
returned to the man
If the betrothed dies,
the other party cannot
claim for
compensation.
For the engagement
gift or bride price, the
woman does not need
to return it to the manOther scenarios for breaking the
engagement

64. If the woman finds an
inappropriate reason
for not marrying the
man:
• She can terminate the
engagement
•She can keep the gifts

66. Level of difficulty:
Date of Reporting 2A
First and Second Group Reporters =
Wednesday, Nov. 21
Third and Fourth Group Reporters =
Friday, Nov. 23
Date of Reporting 2B
First and Second Group Reporters =
Wednesday, Nov. 21
Third and Fourth Group Reporters =
Friday, Nov. 23

67. 2. Marriage = A man and a woman are willing to
live together as husband and wife, having no other
sexual relationship with other people.
A marriage is
complete once
it is registered
Conditions
of
Marriage
1. Legal
age. Age
17 with
permissio
n of
guardians
Marriage becomes null when both parties don’t
want to get married
2. Man
and
woman
must be of
sound
mind
3. Siblings
not
allowed to
marry
from same
bloodline
4. Adopter
and
adoptee
cannot
marry
each other
5. Cannot be
married while
married
6. A widow
can get
married only
310 days after
previous
marriage
ended
Same sex
partners
cannot
register
for
marriage
certificate

68. Definition: The
assets/properties of
a dead person
(including the rights,
responsibilities and
related to
properties)
1. Statutory Heirs =
people who can
accept the heritage
of a dead person ex.
relative or spouse
3.
Heritage
or Estate
2. Heir by will =
An heir who is
entitled to a
property as
mentioned in a
WILL
Law considers living spouse as the
statutory heir

69. 4. Acknowledgment of Children
• Illegitimate means not legitimate or not valid
a. A child from unmarried woman, is the child
of that woman according to the law, but the
child is illegitimate to the man
b. Law allows for that man to register
acknowledgement to make the child his
legitimate child
• The child is also called an “extramarital child”
c. A child from extra marital affair, if the
parents register later on for marriage, the child
becomes their child.