Advancements in the field of science and technology along with the global urbanization are the major factors driving the course and evolution of agricultural research. Rise in per capita income in developing nations, occupational changes and global linkages have changed the food preferences. These trends along with the increase in population pose a challenge to agriculture for producing more & better food. Here is the solution that gives us major production of food etc. "THE VERTICAL FARM".

1. 1
PROJECT ON
"Urban restructuring and the rise of urban
agriculture with vertical farming"
Submitted By:
Hiren Solanki (140573106005)
Darshak Trivedi (140573106006)
Dhimant bumtaria (140573106008)
Meet Patel (140573106002)
Guided By
Prof. Bhavana Ajudiya
Asst. Professor - CED
MEFGI - Rajkot
In partial fulfilment for the award of degree of
BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
IN CIVIL ENGINEERING
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
MARWADI EDUCATION FOUNDATION GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS
RAJKOT

2. 2
GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY – CHANGKHEDA,
AHMEDABAD
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the End semester progress reports submitted entitled
URBAN RESTRUCTURING AND THE RISE OF URBAN
AGRICULTURE WITH VERTICAL FARMING has been carried out by
Hiren Solanki , Darshak Trivedi , Dhimant Bhumtaria , Meet Patel . Under
my guidance in partial full filament for the degree of Bachelor of Engineering in
CIVIL ENGINEERING 8th Semester of Gujarat Technological University,
Ahmadabad during the academic year 2016-17. These students have
successfully completed Project -II activity. .
Internal Guide External Examiner
Prof.Bhavna Ajudia

3. 3
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the End semester progress reports submitted entitled
“URBAN RESTRUCTURING AND RISE OF URBAN AGRICULTURE
WITHVERTICAL FARMING” has been carried out by Hiren Solanki,
Darshak Trivedi, Dhimant Bumtariya, Meet patel. Under my guidance in
partial full filament for the degree of: Bachelor of Engineering in CIVIL
ENGINEERING 8th Semester of Gujarat Technological University,
Ahmadabad during the academic year 2016-17.
Internal Guide Head of Department (FOE/FOT)
PROf. Bhavna Ajudia PROF. Ankur Bhogayata

4. 4
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I express my cavernous sense of obligation and gratitude to my Guide Prof.
Bhavna Ajudiya for his genuine guidance and constant encouragement
throughout this project work. I am highly obliged as my honourable guide for
providing me such an opportunity to carry out project work under his
continuous guidance.
I extend my sincere thanks to Prof. Bhavik Daxini- PMMS Portal Co ordinator
, Prof. Bhavna Ajudiya- Project Co-ordinator, Prof. Ankur Bhogayata-Head
Of Department(FOE) , Department of Civil Engineering have devoted his
valuable time and shared his expertise knowledge.
I also wish to express my heartfelt appreciation to My friends and Many
who have rendered their support for the successful works towards the
completion of the research work, both explicitly and implicitly.
Group Member’s Name:
Hiren solanki
Darshak Trivedi
Dhimant Bumtariya
Meet Patel

5. 5
DECLARATION
We hereby declare that the Project Report entitled “Urban restructuring and
the rise of the urban agriculture with vertical farming” submitted in partial
fulfilment for the degree of Bachelor of Engineering in Civil Engineering to
Gujarat Technological University, Ahmedabad, is a bonafide record of the
project work carried out at MARWADI EDUCATION FOUNDATION
GROUP OF INSTITUTES under the supervision of PROF. BHAVANA K.
AJUDIYA and no part of any of these reports excluding PSAR has been
directly copied from any students’ reports or taken from any other source,
without providing due reference.
HIREN SOLANKI
DARSHAK TRIVEDI
DHIMANT BUMTARIYA
MEET BUTANI

6. 6
Abstract
With rising population and purchasing power, demand for food and changing
consumer preferences are building pressure on our resources. Vertical Farming,
which means growing food in skyscrapers, might help to solve many of these
problems. The purpose of this study was to construct a Vertical Farm and
thereof investigate the economic feasibility of it.
To tap the economic, environmental and social benefits of this technology,
extensive research is required to optimise the production process.
Increase in the productivity of agriculture by employing techniques of
conventional (20th century) agriculture is posing a limitation. The threat to
environment, due to dependence on chemical fertilizers and pesticides for
increasing productivity and pest management respectively is major constraint
affecting the global food production.
Vertical farming and organic farming are the research areas to fight these
constraints. Vertical farming employs vertical stacking of the farms therefore
small land can be utilized for more production. In addition, this technique is
well suited for the rapidly growing global urban population as the demands of
food supply can be met from within the cities and thus reducing the
transportation cost and environment deterioration caused by fuels in the process.

7. 7
INDEX
Cover page i
Certificates for PMMS activity completed By internal Guide & External Examiner ii
Certificates for originality of work By internal Guide & Head of Department iii
Acknowledgement iv
Abstract v
Sr.
No.
Name of Chapter Page No
1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Need of study
1.3 Objectives of study work
1.4 Scope of work
1.5 Planning of work
2 LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Historical Background
2.2 Research Paper
2.3 Related Theory
3 STUDY AREA AND DATA COLLECTION
3.1 Introduction of Study Area
3.2 Data Collection
3.3 Software Detail
Annexure-A: AIEOU Summary
Annexure-B : Empathy Canvas
Annexure C : Product Development
Annexure D : Product Ideation
Annexure E : Project Progress Review-1
Annexure F : Project Progress Review-2
Annexure G : Project Progress Review-3
Annexure H : Project Progress Review-4
4 Crops
4.1 Suitable crops selection for the vertical farm
4.2 Crop Detailing
5 Irrigation
5.1 Suitable water application for the crops & working
6. Comparison of traditional farm and vertical farm
7. CONCLUSION

8. 8
CHAPTER NO 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Introduction
2040-2050, most scientists agree that 80% of nine billion people will live inside
cities, and already today we are using 80% of the arable land that we have on
the whole planet. If you put these two development curves together, then you
easily realize that what will happen is that we have to grow food, large Scale,
inside the city. The city is a dance environment, land is really expensive, so if
you want to grow in the city then you have to grow vertical, and to grow
vertical you have to develop new solutions, and that is what we are doing.
1.2 Need of study
Vertical farm is very needy in future. Because there is more growth in urban
society and more growth in construction. So there is more land consumption in
future. So vertical farm is the best and innovative solution for the future. By this
we can increase our food production at very high amount compared to our
horizontal farms.
It is the solution for the future. So our sustainable future is Vertical Farm.
1.3 Objectives of study work
1. To increase the yield of crop from a piece of land.
2. To produce sufficient food that can fulfill the needs of the urban society.
3. To reduce the amount of land acquired in just agriculture.
4. To satisfied demand of food in cities.
5. To minimize transportation required in transferring the
6. food from villages to cities.
7. To make an eco-friendly and self-sustainable environment for farming so
that the farmer doesn’t depends upon Government and shared resources.

9. 9
1.4 Scope
The future scope of vertical farming in India in indefinable because it is
more and more advantageous for human. Food production increase at very
high level. INDIA is coming under that regions with greater demands than
available plant-derived resources. Thus this regions like INDIA may be
more vulnerable to climate change and other socio-economic impacts in the
near future. Our design concept is to design and develop a Model that can
support and feed 45,000 people in a Sustainable fashion.
The movement started with the developed world is gradually picking up in
developing countries. But demand is still concentrated in developed and
most affluent countries. Local demand for organic food is growing. India is
poised for faster growth with growing domestic market. Success of organic
movement in India depends upon the growth of its own domestic markets.
India has traditionally been a country of organic agriculture, but the growth
of modern scientific, input intensive agriculture has pushed it to wall. But
with the increasing awareness about the safety and quality of foods, long
term sustainability of the system and accumulating evidences of being
equally productive.
1.5 Planning of Work
Introducing the vertical farming.
Why vertical farm ?
To fix aims and objectives of vertical farm.
Selection of study area.
Literature review.
Partial report drafting.
Suitable crops.
Suitable water application.
Comparison

10. 10
CHAPTER NO . 2
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 History of vertical farming
Vertical farming is not a new idea. Indigenous people in South America have long used
vertically layered food growing techniques, and the rice terraces of East Asia follow a similar
principle. The term "vertical farming" was coined in 1915 by American geologist Gilbert
Ellis Bailey. Architects and scientists have repeatedly looked into the idea since then,
especially toward the end of the 20th century.
The concept of integrating agriculture into a built environment was invented in a Danish
farmhouse back in the 1950s that attempted to grow cress ― a peppery, tangy flavored herb
botanically related to mustard ― in a factory on a mass scale. Today a more evolved type of
urban farming where produce is grown in a fully controlled vertical indoor urban
environment is attracting wider attention. U.S., European and Asian countries have been
conducting research and development on this concept for decades.
2.2 Research Paper
There are three literatures that can be helpful for our project is as follows :
(1)Australian Social Work (Vertical farming: Social work and sustainable
urban agriculture in an age of global food crises )
(2)Journal of Agriculture studies (Up, Up and Away! The Economics of
Vertical Farming )
(3)Journal of Social studies (Vertical farms, The rise of capitalist urban
agriculture )

11. 11
Australian Social Work
Environmental concerns, including issues of ecological justice,
attention to sustainability, and focus on issues of food security have
gathered increased momentum in social work.
This article will trace the background of sustainable urban
agriculture as a partial solution to the issue of global food insecurity and
its impact on urban population. It will review the development of a
sustainable agricultural initiative.
Farming on the other hand is based on the principles of
minimization of the chemical inputs in the agriculture and hence is
environment friendly. Thus, these techniques can be utilized for
increasing the production and productivity to meet the growing food
demands.
In social work they also focuses on the population growth of the
world and then they decided to save agriculture land area by this idea.

12. 12
Journal of Social studies
With rising population and purchasing power, demand for food and
changing consumer preferences are building pressure on our resources.
Vertical Farming, which means growing food in skyscrapers, might help
to solve many of these problems. The purpose of this study was to
construct a Vertical Farm and thereof investigate the economic feasibility
of it.
This paper seeks to examine the rise of vertical farms, and the
ways in which they advance the corporate food regime and encourage
urban elite consumption.
It will discuss two contemporary ‘localizing’ trends: the call for
local food systems and local urban restructuring in the era of
neoliberalism.
Vertical farms have been praised as much as needed form of local
economic development is devalued urban areas. The globalize nature of
the capitalized food system is well documented by this literature.

13. 13
Journal of Agriculture studies
The purpose of this study was to construct a Vertical Farm and thereof
investigate the economic feasibility of it. Defining Vertical Farming
(VF), it is a system of commercial farming whereby plants, animals,
fungi and other life forms are cultivated for food, fuel, fiber or other
products or services by artificially stacking them vertically above each
other ( their own definition).
There is also an example given in the research paper in Suwan, South
Korea (Levenston, 2011). There, the Rural Development Agency is
investigating Vertical Farming technology (Fabian and Kollenberg,
2011). The facility is three stories in height totalling an area of 450 m².
Almost 50% of the energy requirement is supplied through renewable
resources like geothermal and solar arrays, which is mainly necessary for
heating, cooling and artificial lighting requirements. Presently lettuce is
being cultivated through careful regulation of light, humidity, carbon
dioxide and temperature.
Researchers project five years of further research before this technology
is ready for the market. (Levenston, 2011) The problem is of scale, none
of these are big enough to practically demonstrate the scope of this
technology.

14. 14
CHAPTER NO. 3
STUDY AREA AND DATA COLLECTION
3.1 Study Area
As there is no practical site availability it is quite difficult to find the perfect
study area or site in which we can perform, so the big challenge is to find the
site or study area for vertical farming. For the data collection activity we need
municipal corporation support.
We can visit the RMC department of Rajkot to finalize the study area or site
where we can apply our project. After the visit we found that the area in front of
the marketing yard of bedi is very suitable regarding our project.
The 10km area in front of marketing yard is perfect for our project. Because
there is a water treatment plant is also there so it is advantageous for us. And
marketing yard is also beneficial for us.

15. 15
3.2 Data collection
As far as our idea is concern after site selection we can finalize the suitable
crops which can be perfect for vertical farming.
The crops which can be suitable for vertical farming is follows:
1) Carrot 6) Pepper
2) Radish 7) Cabbage
3) Potatoes 8) Peas
4) Tomatoes 9) Lettuce
5) Strawberry 10) Spinach
3.3 Software details :
We used the software which are very helpful for us to do our project work is as
per follows :
1) Microsoft word
2) Adobe reader
3) Microsoft Powerpoint
4) Autocad .

16. 16
ANNEXURE – A
AEIOU Summary
In this canvas we are interact with our localize farmers and we know about their
problems.
In this the bigger advantage we found that there is no failure of crops in vertical
farming during rainy season.

17. 17
ANNEXURE – B
EMPATHY
In this we can do some activities. We can finalize our study area for our project
by the land survey.
Vertical farms use less land than horizontal farms.

18. 18
ANNEXURE – C
IDEATION
There is no vertical farm in India yet. Suppose there is a vertical farm in India
there is increase in food production. It is more and more advantageous for our
country.
We actually want to do experiment of vertical farm in India to make our country
healthier and more economically advantageous.

19. 19
ANNEXURE – D
PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT
Our purpose is to fulfil requirement of food in future. Proper usage of land area.
There is a wide range of crops.
It creates clean environment.

20. 20
ANNEXURE – E
Periodic progress review-1
Our project approach as in progress is to fix our aim and its various objectives.
.As the idea of vertical farm is still not apply in India as compared to another
developing countries that’s why the biggest challenge for us is to give rise to
our idea without any practical site or study area.
As there is no any practical site availability ; we need literature support
regarding our topic vertical farming.
.As far as our topic is concern to set aim and objectives we referred following
literature :
Journal of Social studies
Author : Lindsey saraan Hallock
Title : Vertical farms, The rise of capitalist urban agriculture
Publisher : International institute of social studies
Year :2013

21. 21
ANNEXURE – F
Periodic progress review-2
As per our project approach we can collect the site related data and selection of
site or study area, and find the grren zone area or agriculture area.
As there is no practical site availability it is quite difficult to find the perfect
study area or site in which we can perform , so the big challenge is to find the
site or study area for vertical farming.
For the data collection activity we need municipal corporation support
Journal of agriculture studies
Title : Up, Up and Away! The Economics of Vertical Farming
Author : Chirantan Banerjee, Lucie Adenaeuer
Publisher : Macrothink Institute
Year : 2014

22. 22
ANNEXURE – G
Periodic progress review-3
As far as our idea is concern after site selection we can finalize the suitable
crops which can be perfect for vertical farming.
As there is no practically possible it is more difficult to find the crops which are
suitable for vertical farming. So the challenge is to find the suitable crops.
For crop selection activity we need the support of nursery and localize farmers.
Australian social work
Title : Vertical farming: Social work and sustainable urban agriculture in an age
of global food crises
Author : Fred H Besthorn
Publisher : Taylor & Francis Group
Year : 2013

23. 23
ANNEXURE – H
Periodic progress review-4
As far as our idea concern after the crop selection we go through the suitable
selection for the irrigation method.
As per our design of vertical farming we faced the problem like soil erosion,
moisture of soil, it's very hard to decide the suitable irrigation method for the
farming.
As per our idea concern in this step we needs the support of irrigation
department.
FAO - Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Title : Crop evapotranspiration - Guidelines for computing crop water
requirements
Author : Martin Smith, Richard G. Allen, Luis S. Pereira, Dirk Raes.
Publisher : - FAO Irrigation and drainage paper
Year :1998

24. 24
CHAPTER-4
CROPS
4.1 What can we actually grow?
1. Lettuce(Red leaf) :
Lettuces have fairly consistent demand across much of the world and
throughout the year.
There are dozen of varieties.

25. 25
2. Kales :
Kales are fairly easy to grow.
The crop requires extra care when harvesting if farmers are to get the highest
yield. .
Each type of kale has its own variation on the rich taste and dark colors.
It is easy to grow vertically.
3. Collard green :

26. 26
Collard greens are like a thicker, deeper version of spinach.
They can get quite large in the proper conditions.
The gentler version of collard greens, chard is a French green that cooks like
spinach.
Like kale or collard greens, chard can be harvested multiple times (taking only
30% of the plant each time) and grows back for larger yields later on.
4. Chives and Mint :

27. 27
Chives and mint are some of the best crops for us to grow.
Although categorized with herbs, both chives and mint have a quick turn and
grow densely like a grass.
It is easy to harvest.

28. 28
5. Basil(sweet, lemon, cinnamon) :
It is possibly most loved crop.
It grows better vertically than any other technique and creates demands
everywhere it goes.
We get highest yield by growing it vertically.
Although choosing crops should be part of a whole feasibility study for your
farm, we thought a guide on some of the best vertical crops for vertical farming
would be helpful to people in the middle of the planning process.
These crops are also having large amount of yields and more effective.

29. 29
Crop Detailing
4.2 Growing Time
Crop cycles are also faster due to the systems’ controlled temperature, humidity,
daylight hours optimisation and the use of bioponic biologically active organic
plant nutrients. The systems can produce market grade produce of several crops
within just 21 days.
4.3 Water Required
Being a totally closed growing system with controlled transpiration losses,
Vertical Farm Systems use only around 10% of the water required for
traditional open field farming and around 20% less than conventional
hydroponics. Water from transpiration is harvested and re-used and spent
nutrient water is also processed for re-use.
4.4 Transportation Cost
Vertical Farm Systems can be established in any geographic location with
suitable power and water supplies. Strategic positioning of facilities close to the
point of sale or in distribution hubs dramatically decreases the time from harvest
to consumer and also reduces costs for refrigerated storage and transport.

30. 30
Yield Of Vertical Farming
Crops Yield in VF
due to Tech
(tons/ha)
Field Yield
(tons/ha)
Carrots 58 30
Radish 23 15
Potatoes 150 28
Tomatoes 155 45
Pepper 133 30
Strawberry 69 30
Peas 9 6
Cabbage 67 50
Lettuce 37 25
Spinach 22 12
Total (average)71 28

31. 31
CHAPTER-5
Working & water application method
5.1 Water application :
1. Aeroponic method :
In this method there is no use of soil, the plants are provide by required
nutrients.
The basic principle of aeroponic growing is to grow plants suspended in a
closed or semi-closed environment by spraying the plant's dangling roots and
lower stem with an atomized or sprayed, nutrient-rich water solution

32. 32
2. Sprinkler method :
Irrigation sprinklers are sprinklers providing irrigation to agriculture, crops,
vegetation, or for recreation, as a cooling system, or for the control of airborne
dust, landscaping and golf courses
The sprinkler system irrigates the field and thus it is widely used in sandy areas
as it checks the wastage of water through seepage and evaporation. Sprinkler
irrigation is a method of applying irrigation water which is similar to natural
rainfall. Water is distributed through a system of pipes usually by pumping. It is
then sprayed into the air through sprinklers so that it breaks up into small water
drops which fall to the ground. The pump supply system, sprinklers and
operating conditions must be designed to enable a uniform application of water.

33. 33
3. Drip irrigation :
Drip irrigation is a form of irrigation that saves water and fertilizer by allowing
water to drip slowly to the roots of many different plants
Water directly transferred to the soil surface or directly onto the root zone,
through a network of valves, pipes, tubing, and emitters. It is done through
narrow tubes that deliver water directly to the base of the plant.
It is chosen instead of surface irrigation for various reasons, often including
concern about minimizing evaporation.

34. 34
5.2 Working:
The plants are grown with the help of Aeroponics in this farm, i.e. THERE IS
NO USE OF SOIL. The plants are provided with the required nutrients with the
help of sprinklers in which nutrients will be dissolved in water.
The electricity required in this project is provided by inexhaustible resources
like solar power, wind energy and biogas energy, etc.
The water required is provided with the help of rain water harvesting, the façade
of this building has been designed in such a way that the water slips in the
rainwater harvesting tanks. Though we might also acquire the water from other
sources like rivers, lakes, etc. and specially the grey water (purified) from the
cities because we can’t entirely depend on just rain.
The building is made of glass from all four sides. It was made of glass so that
enough sunlight could reach the plants and they require minimum amount of
artificial lighting. The glass also gives support to the building which wouldn’t
have happened if we just left it without glass or wall.
The crops will grow in an Aeroponics system and all the nutrition and water
would be provided to the plants with the help of a manual sprinkler system.
Plants like lettuce are the best for being grown here. Many other crops can also
be grown depending on climatic and topographic factors.
The system of hydroponics can also be used here as it can help in growing the
crops which require plenty of water.

35. 35
CHAPTER-6
COMPARISON
VERTICAL FARMING VS TRADITIONAL FARMING
Increased year round crop
production.
Less crop production than vertical
farm.
Protection from weather related
problems.
There is no protection related
weather.
There is very less usage of land. More usage of land.
This would provide enough
employment to unemployed.
There is no employment
One vertical farm can feed a big city. There is more than one farms
required to feed.
No water waste in vertical farm. There is more waste than vertical
farms.
Rain water harvesting can be done. There is no such type of facility
available.

36. 36
CONCLUSION
In the name of progress, man is turning the world into a fetid and
poisonous place (and this is "anything but" a symbolic picture). It is
polluting the air, water, soil, animals ... and himself, to the point that
it is legitimate to ask whether, in a hundred years, you can stil live on
earth.
The population growth rate of world forces us to rethink how we eat
and where it comes from what we need to live: it is estimated that in
2050 there will be need for an area of approximately two planets to
feed the world population.
We already have the statistics for the future: the growth in
percentages of pollution, overpopulation, desertification. The future is
already in place: The Vertical Farming.

37. 37
Plagiarism Report
85% Unique
Total 24032 chars (2000 limit exceeded) , 506 words, 10 unique sentence(s).
Essay Writing Service - Paper writing service you can trust. Your assignment is our
priority! Papers ready in 3 hours!
Proficient writing: top academic writers at your service 24/7! Receive a premium
level paper!
Results Query Domains (original links)
Unique PROJECT ON"Urban restructuring and the rise of urbanagriculture with vertical farming"Submitted By -
Unique Hiren Solanki (140573106005)Darshak Trivedi (140573106006)Dhimant bumtaria (140573106008)Meet Patel
(140573106002)Guided ByProf -
Unique Bhavana AjudiyaAsst -
Unique These students have successfully completed Project -II activity -
Unique Under my guidance in partial full filament for the degree of -
Unique Bhavna Ajudiya for -
Unique URBAN RESTRUCTURING AND THE RISE OF URBAN AGRICULTURE WITH VERTICAL FARMING has been carried out -
Unique Under my guidance in partial full filament for the degree of Bachelor of Engineering -
Unique External Examiner -
5 results RISE OF URBAN AGRICULTURE WITHVERTICAL FARMING” has been carried out by Hiren Solanki, Darshak Trivedi,
vvpedulink.ac.in researchgate.net scribd.com
pt.scribd.com
Unique Bachelor of Engineering in CIVIL ENGINEERING 8th Semester of Gujarat Technological University, Ahmadabad
during -
Top plagiarizing domains: Free Download | Mozilla Firefox® Web Browser www.mozilla.orgDownload Firefox - the faster,
smarter, easier way to browse the web and all of
Yahoo 5 results (1 matches); pt.scribd.com (1 matches); scribd.com (1 matches); researchgate.net (1 matches);
vvpedulink.ac.in (1 matches);

38. 38