Five reflections about users and five reflections about uses : theory, typology and digital environment.
5 réflexions sur les usagers et 5 réflexions sur les usages qui portent entre autres sur les fondements théoriques, les typologies, les études d’usagers et l’influence du numérique.
New uses and users: thoughts on exploitation, organization and dissemination ...Simon Côté-Lapointe
Presentation outline
1. Definitions
2. New uses, new users
• Traditional uses and users
• New uses and digital users
3. Exploitation, organization and dissemination
• Exploitability and access
• Organization and dissemination
From Access to Use: the quality of human-archives interactions as a research ...Pierluigi Feliciati
Visiting Dodson Professor Colloquium - Vancouver, University of British Columbia - iSchool of Library, Archival and Information Studies - 14 March 2019 12:00 pm - Chilcotin Room (256), Irving K. Barber Learning Centre
Presented by Peter Burnhill, Director of EDINA, at PARSE.insight workshop on Preservation, Access and Re-use of Scientific Data, Darmstadt, Germany, 22 September 2009.
Open Science, Open Data: towards a new transparent and reproducible ecosystemLIBER Europe
Presented at the Preforma Open Source Workshop 8 April 2016
As a library membership organization, LIBER works on addressing Open Science barriers. Standardisation of file formats can really help in overcoming some of these barriers: it enables us to process and preserve data in a controlled way, it helps ensure that outputs are really open and accessible in the long term and it improves interoperability of new tools and services. Making sure data is stored in a controlled way and can be (re) used today and in the future is an important element in Open Science. We see this as not only a technical challenge but also a social one: awareness, trust and community building is needed in order to ensure uptake of these standards. Libraries therefore have a valuable role to play in the development of good research data management throughout all phases of the Open Data lifecycle.
Engaging students through user experience (UX) at UALSandra Reed
An overview of two library user experience projects, undertaken at University if the Arts London. One, now complete, looks at spaces across our services. The other, still in progress, focuses on our online presence.
New uses and users: thoughts on exploitation, organization and dissemination ...Simon Côté-Lapointe
Presentation outline
1. Definitions
2. New uses, new users
• Traditional uses and users
• New uses and digital users
3. Exploitation, organization and dissemination
• Exploitability and access
• Organization and dissemination
From Access to Use: the quality of human-archives interactions as a research ...Pierluigi Feliciati
Visiting Dodson Professor Colloquium - Vancouver, University of British Columbia - iSchool of Library, Archival and Information Studies - 14 March 2019 12:00 pm - Chilcotin Room (256), Irving K. Barber Learning Centre
Presented by Peter Burnhill, Director of EDINA, at PARSE.insight workshop on Preservation, Access and Re-use of Scientific Data, Darmstadt, Germany, 22 September 2009.
Open Science, Open Data: towards a new transparent and reproducible ecosystemLIBER Europe
Presented at the Preforma Open Source Workshop 8 April 2016
As a library membership organization, LIBER works on addressing Open Science barriers. Standardisation of file formats can really help in overcoming some of these barriers: it enables us to process and preserve data in a controlled way, it helps ensure that outputs are really open and accessible in the long term and it improves interoperability of new tools and services. Making sure data is stored in a controlled way and can be (re) used today and in the future is an important element in Open Science. We see this as not only a technical challenge but also a social one: awareness, trust and community building is needed in order to ensure uptake of these standards. Libraries therefore have a valuable role to play in the development of good research data management throughout all phases of the Open Data lifecycle.
Engaging students through user experience (UX) at UALSandra Reed
An overview of two library user experience projects, undertaken at University if the Arts London. One, now complete, looks at spaces across our services. The other, still in progress, focuses on our online presence.
Andrew Cox and Stephen Pinfield - Research data management in practice: Roles...sconul
SCONUL Conference 20-21 June 2013
Fringe - Research data management in practice: Roles and skills for libraries, with Dr Andrew Cox, Lecturer, Director of Learning and Teaching, University of Sheffield and Dr Stephen Pinfield, Senior Lecturer, Information School, University of Sheffield
This presentation starts with basic information about the Social Science Data Archives. Then it mostly introduces complexity and diversity of research data field. Participants can learn about Open Data project in Slovenia, about research lifecycle and research data lifecycle. And it concludes with roles and responsibilities in research data lifecycle.
Event was one of Foster Cessda trainings for doctoral students.
Videos: http://videolectures.net/adptecaj2015_ljubljana/
Related link: https://www.fosteropenscience.eu/event/cessda-research-data-management-open-data-doctoral-training-series-research-data-management
Foundations to Actions: Extending Innovations to Digital Libraries in Partner...Trish Rose-Sandler
This talk was given by Trish Rose-Sandler, Leora Siegel, Katie Mika, Pamela McClanahan, Ariadne Rehbein, Marissa Kings, and Alicia Esquivel at the DPLAFest in Chicago on April 21 2017
UX (or User Experience) incorporating usability studies, ethnographic research, and service design, is now being actively embraced by librarians. This presentation details this definition and briefly traces the history of ethnography and its relevance to, and adoption by, libraries.
This presentation was given at the Business Librarians Association conference in Leicester in July 2014.
Opening Keynote: From where we are to where we want to be: The future of resource discovery from a UK perspective
Neil Grindley, Head of Resource Discovery, Jisc
Capturing the Behaviors of the Elusive User: Strategies for Library EthnographyOCLC
Connaway, Lynn Silipigni. 2017. "Capturing the Behaviors of the Elusive User: Strategies for Library Ethnography." Presented at the IFLA World Library and Information Congress 2017, 83rd IFLA General Conference and Assembly, Wrocław, Poland, August 22.
Capturing the Behaviors of the Elusive User: Strategies for Library EthnographyLynn Connaway
Connaway, Lynn Silipigni. 2017. "Capturing the Behaviors of the Elusive User: Strategies for Library Ethnography." Presented at the IFLA World Library and Information Congress 2017, 83rd IFLA General Conference and Assembly, Wrocław, Poland, August 22.
From its beginning ADP invested effort into development and strengthening of relationship with researchers - data depositors. The effort was concentrated on the promotion of data services and presenting advantages of data depositing. On the other hand we invested into assuring high quality research: by selection and evaluation of research and its data. Since the policies of research funding agencies are changing (due to requirement of international community and H2020) in the way that open access to research data is becoming a requirement and researchers are becoming more and more motivated to deposit their data, the archives are approaching new challenges. The aim of this presentation is to show (1) the development of the relationship ''ADP – data depositors'' from the beginning , (2) to evaluate the current situation (3) and to establish what are the challenges we will have to deal with.
Related site: http://www.data-archive.ac.uk/news-events/events.aspx?id=3888
These slides are from October Irvins as part of "The Charlotte Initiative on eBook Principles: Making eBooks Work for Libraries and Publishers" at AAUP 2016 in Philadelphia, PA.
"From Reading Rooms to Research Commons" Sheila Corrall, DARTS4ARLGSW
The research environment is challenging libraries to raise their game by providing higher-end services in response to technological change and policy developments. Librarians are being urged to move from service-as-support to a partnership model involving “deep collaboration” across the whole knowledge lifecycle. But libraries are no longer the “go-to” place for researchers. Perceived as dispensers of goods, more geared to students and education, they struggle to gain take-up for research offerings. Innovative practitioners are using various strategies to reposition themselves as key players in the research arena, notably space-as-service strategies, which can bring researchers back to the physical library and improve visibility of virtual services.
Usages des archives : définitions, théories et typologiesSimon Côté-Lapointe
Depuis l’avènement de l’ère numérique et du Web, les usages des archives se sont élargis et les usagers multipliés. À travers les bouleversements du contexte d’organisation et de diffusion des archives occasionnés par la révolution numérique et le Web et la critique postmoderne en archivistique se dessine une nouvelle vision archivistique plus axée sur les usages des archives et leur exploitation que sur leur conservation. Cependant, les fondements théoriques des usages des archives sont peu couverts en archivistique. Dans l’objectif de repenser la conception des usages, nous proposons de faire le point sur leur situation actuelle afin d’en faire ressortir les enjeux principaux. Basée sur une synthèse de la littérature en archivistique, en sciences de l’information et en sociologie des usages, notre analyse critique des notions et concepts connexes à celle d’usage permet de mettre en perspective et de repenser la façon d’envisager les usages des archives en archivistique. Les types et typologies ainsi que les théories et modèles liés aux usages des archives sont ensuite explorées comme autant de pistes de solutions pour fonder une vision renouvelée des usages en archivistique.
Exploitation des documents audiovisuels numériques d’archives : usages, modal...Simon Côté-Lapointe
Conférence portant sur ma proposition de recherche doctorale.
La révolution numérique et le développement d’internet ont amélioré l’accès aux documents audiovisuels. Dans le numérique, organiser et diffuser les archives en tenant compte de leurs usages est déterminant, car la préservation de celles-ci ne repose pas sur la conservation passive des contenus qu’il faudrait garder intacts, mais s’appuie au contraire sur la pratique active de leur exploitation. Cependant, il y a peu d’études sur les usages des documents audiovisuels numériques d’archives et il y a une lacune théorique dans les définitions des concepts liés aux usages de ces types de documents.
La recherche a pour but de développer, à partir d’un corpus interdisciplinaire d’écrits en archivistique, en sciences de l’information et en sociologie des usages, un modèle théorique des usages des documents audiovisuels numériques d’archives qui servira ensuite à proposer des pistes de solution afin d’adapter à ces usages leur organisation et leur diffusion sur le web.
Pour atteindre ce but, nous analyserons dans un premier temps les concepts et construits théoriques liés aux usages et aux documents audiovisuels numériques d’archives. Dans un deuxième temps, un modèle conceptuel théorique sera élaboré puis, afin d’explorer de nouvelles pistes de solution, transposé en moyens d’organisation et de diffusion sur le web.
La clarification des concepts et construits théoriques comblera des lacunes dans les études d’usagers et dans les écrits théoriques. Le modèle sera utile pour anticiper les utilisations possibles et adapter à cet effet les pratiques, interfaces et systèmes web. La recherche servira à améliorer l’accès aux archives et comblera le fossé entre la pratique archivistique et les usages et utilisateurs actuels et futurs.
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Similar to Dix réflexions sur l’étude des utilisateurs et des usages des archives
Andrew Cox and Stephen Pinfield - Research data management in practice: Roles...sconul
SCONUL Conference 20-21 June 2013
Fringe - Research data management in practice: Roles and skills for libraries, with Dr Andrew Cox, Lecturer, Director of Learning and Teaching, University of Sheffield and Dr Stephen Pinfield, Senior Lecturer, Information School, University of Sheffield
This presentation starts with basic information about the Social Science Data Archives. Then it mostly introduces complexity and diversity of research data field. Participants can learn about Open Data project in Slovenia, about research lifecycle and research data lifecycle. And it concludes with roles and responsibilities in research data lifecycle.
Event was one of Foster Cessda trainings for doctoral students.
Videos: http://videolectures.net/adptecaj2015_ljubljana/
Related link: https://www.fosteropenscience.eu/event/cessda-research-data-management-open-data-doctoral-training-series-research-data-management
Foundations to Actions: Extending Innovations to Digital Libraries in Partner...Trish Rose-Sandler
This talk was given by Trish Rose-Sandler, Leora Siegel, Katie Mika, Pamela McClanahan, Ariadne Rehbein, Marissa Kings, and Alicia Esquivel at the DPLAFest in Chicago on April 21 2017
UX (or User Experience) incorporating usability studies, ethnographic research, and service design, is now being actively embraced by librarians. This presentation details this definition and briefly traces the history of ethnography and its relevance to, and adoption by, libraries.
This presentation was given at the Business Librarians Association conference in Leicester in July 2014.
Opening Keynote: From where we are to where we want to be: The future of resource discovery from a UK perspective
Neil Grindley, Head of Resource Discovery, Jisc
Capturing the Behaviors of the Elusive User: Strategies for Library EthnographyOCLC
Connaway, Lynn Silipigni. 2017. "Capturing the Behaviors of the Elusive User: Strategies for Library Ethnography." Presented at the IFLA World Library and Information Congress 2017, 83rd IFLA General Conference and Assembly, Wrocław, Poland, August 22.
Capturing the Behaviors of the Elusive User: Strategies for Library EthnographyLynn Connaway
Connaway, Lynn Silipigni. 2017. "Capturing the Behaviors of the Elusive User: Strategies for Library Ethnography." Presented at the IFLA World Library and Information Congress 2017, 83rd IFLA General Conference and Assembly, Wrocław, Poland, August 22.
From its beginning ADP invested effort into development and strengthening of relationship with researchers - data depositors. The effort was concentrated on the promotion of data services and presenting advantages of data depositing. On the other hand we invested into assuring high quality research: by selection and evaluation of research and its data. Since the policies of research funding agencies are changing (due to requirement of international community and H2020) in the way that open access to research data is becoming a requirement and researchers are becoming more and more motivated to deposit their data, the archives are approaching new challenges. The aim of this presentation is to show (1) the development of the relationship ''ADP – data depositors'' from the beginning , (2) to evaluate the current situation (3) and to establish what are the challenges we will have to deal with.
Related site: http://www.data-archive.ac.uk/news-events/events.aspx?id=3888
These slides are from October Irvins as part of "The Charlotte Initiative on eBook Principles: Making eBooks Work for Libraries and Publishers" at AAUP 2016 in Philadelphia, PA.
"From Reading Rooms to Research Commons" Sheila Corrall, DARTS4ARLGSW
The research environment is challenging libraries to raise their game by providing higher-end services in response to technological change and policy developments. Librarians are being urged to move from service-as-support to a partnership model involving “deep collaboration” across the whole knowledge lifecycle. But libraries are no longer the “go-to” place for researchers. Perceived as dispensers of goods, more geared to students and education, they struggle to gain take-up for research offerings. Innovative practitioners are using various strategies to reposition themselves as key players in the research arena, notably space-as-service strategies, which can bring researchers back to the physical library and improve visibility of virtual services.
Usages des archives : définitions, théories et typologiesSimon Côté-Lapointe
Depuis l’avènement de l’ère numérique et du Web, les usages des archives se sont élargis et les usagers multipliés. À travers les bouleversements du contexte d’organisation et de diffusion des archives occasionnés par la révolution numérique et le Web et la critique postmoderne en archivistique se dessine une nouvelle vision archivistique plus axée sur les usages des archives et leur exploitation que sur leur conservation. Cependant, les fondements théoriques des usages des archives sont peu couverts en archivistique. Dans l’objectif de repenser la conception des usages, nous proposons de faire le point sur leur situation actuelle afin d’en faire ressortir les enjeux principaux. Basée sur une synthèse de la littérature en archivistique, en sciences de l’information et en sociologie des usages, notre analyse critique des notions et concepts connexes à celle d’usage permet de mettre en perspective et de repenser la façon d’envisager les usages des archives en archivistique. Les types et typologies ainsi que les théories et modèles liés aux usages des archives sont ensuite explorées comme autant de pistes de solutions pour fonder une vision renouvelée des usages en archivistique.
Exploitation des documents audiovisuels numériques d’archives : usages, modal...Simon Côté-Lapointe
Conférence portant sur ma proposition de recherche doctorale.
La révolution numérique et le développement d’internet ont amélioré l’accès aux documents audiovisuels. Dans le numérique, organiser et diffuser les archives en tenant compte de leurs usages est déterminant, car la préservation de celles-ci ne repose pas sur la conservation passive des contenus qu’il faudrait garder intacts, mais s’appuie au contraire sur la pratique active de leur exploitation. Cependant, il y a peu d’études sur les usages des documents audiovisuels numériques d’archives et il y a une lacune théorique dans les définitions des concepts liés aux usages de ces types de documents.
La recherche a pour but de développer, à partir d’un corpus interdisciplinaire d’écrits en archivistique, en sciences de l’information et en sociologie des usages, un modèle théorique des usages des documents audiovisuels numériques d’archives qui servira ensuite à proposer des pistes de solution afin d’adapter à ces usages leur organisation et leur diffusion sur le web.
Pour atteindre ce but, nous analyserons dans un premier temps les concepts et construits théoriques liés aux usages et aux documents audiovisuels numériques d’archives. Dans un deuxième temps, un modèle conceptuel théorique sera élaboré puis, afin d’explorer de nouvelles pistes de solution, transposé en moyens d’organisation et de diffusion sur le web.
La clarification des concepts et construits théoriques comblera des lacunes dans les études d’usagers et dans les écrits théoriques. Le modèle sera utile pour anticiper les utilisations possibles et adapter à cet effet les pratiques, interfaces et systèmes web. La recherche servira à améliorer l’accès aux archives et comblera le fossé entre la pratique archivistique et les usages et utilisateurs actuels et futurs.
Historique et contextes de l'utilisation de la notion de facette en sciences ...Simon Côté-Lapointe
Qu’est-ce qu’une facette? Comment la définition de la notion de facette a-t-elle évolué depuis sa création par Ranganathan en 1924 jusqu’à son application dans l’environnement numérique d’aujourd’hui? Pour tenter de répondre à cette question, l’évolution chronologique de la définition de la notion de facettes en sciences de l'information est d’abord présentée, puis les principales définitions des facettes mises en contexte utilisées depuis les 25 dernières années en sciences de l’information.
Est-il possible de créer une œuvre expérimentale à partir de documents d’archives obtenus auprès d’institutions? Dans ce contexte, quels sont les enjeux liés à l’accès et la réutilisation des documents? Quel est le résultat d’une telle entreprise? Le projet de création l’Archivoscope répond à toutes ces questions et bien plus.
Projet initié par Simon Côté-Lapointe en 2014 et rendu possible grâce à une bourse du Conseil des arts et des lettres du Québec, l’Archivoscope se veut un dialogue entre l’archiviste et le créateur, une exploration en images et en sons des possibilités que nous offrent les documents d’archives. Cette démarche expérimentale fait aussi l’objet, sous l’égide d’Yvon Lemay et dans le cadre du projet Archives et création : nouvelles perspectives sur l’archivistique financé par le Conseil de recherches en sciences humaines du Canada (CRSH), d’un rapport de recherche sur les archives et la création.
Dans cette communication, nous présenterons en premier lieu le contexte et les principales étapes de réalisation du projet. Quelques enjeux marquants tels que la dynamique de la collaboration entre l’archiviste et le créateur, le rôle des droits d’auteur et l’accès aux documents seront soulignés. Les principales techniques de manipulation des archives explorées seront ensuite présentées. La projection d’extraits de vidéos créées à partir d’archives viendront compléter la communication.
Portail Archivistique International Francophone (PIAF) et Wikindx : des resso...Simon Côté-Lapointe
Lancé en 2005, le Portail International Archivistique Francophone (PIAF) est un outil au service de la communauté professionnelle et du grand public. Placé sous l’égide de l’Association internationale des archives francophones et sous la responsabilité d’un comité de pilotage composé d’une quinzaine de membres professionnels, enseignants universitaires et spécialistes des technologies provenant de cinq pays francophones, le PIAF vise à donner accès gratuitement à des ressources en archivistique (modules de formation en ligne, références bibliographiques, espace professionnel d’échange) pour toute la francophonie.
Le PIAF est en cours de révision tant du point de vue de son contenu que des technologies utilisées. La refonte du site fut une opportunité de mettre en place un nouveau module de gestion bibliographique plus adapté aux besoins des usagers. Préconisant les logiciels libres et open source, le PIAF voulait se doter d’un outil qui soit utile pour les professionnels, les étudiants et les professeurs en archivistique. La présentation portera sur le cadre, les étapes et les enjeux de ce projet.
En premier lieu, nous aborderons le cahier des charges et les critères de sélection qui nous ont amené à choisir Wikindx comme module de gestion bibliographique. Puis, nous présenterons ses fonctionnalités, qui favorisent le travail collaboratif et l’échange d’informations sur les références bibliographiques. Ensuite, nous résumerons les principales étapes de conception et d’implantation du module : par exemple, la traduction de l’interface, la migration des données, l’élaboration d’une classification à facettes, ainsi que les enjeux liés à chacune d’elle. Enfin, nous conclurons en faisant un bilan du projet.
Créer à partir d'archives : demarche et techniques d’un projet exploratoireSimon Côté-Lapointe
Présentation d'un bilan des étapes, techniques et réflexions liées au projet « Archives et création » consistant à créer des vidéos expérimentales à partir d’archives d’institutions québécoises.
Les archives sonores comme matériau de création : Démarches, techniques et réflexions
PARTIE 1 : Introduction aux archives sonores
La notion d'archives sonores;
Les particularités des documents sonores.
PARTIE 2 : Courants de création
Définir la creation à partir d’archives sonores;
Principaux courants de création.
PARTIE 3 : Techniques de modification du son
Principales techniques de modification du son;
Démonstration;
Compositions.
This presentation explores a brief idea about the structural and functional attributes of nucleotides, the structure and function of genetic materials along with the impact of UV rays and pH upon them.
Deep Behavioral Phenotyping in Systems Neuroscience for Functional Atlasing a...Ana Luísa Pinho
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) provides means to characterize brain activations in response to behavior. However, cognitive neuroscience has been limited to group-level effects referring to the performance of specific tasks. To obtain the functional profile of elementary cognitive mechanisms, the combination of brain responses to many tasks is required. Yet, to date, both structural atlases and parcellation-based activations do not fully account for cognitive function and still present several limitations. Further, they do not adapt overall to individual characteristics. In this talk, I will give an account of deep-behavioral phenotyping strategies, namely data-driven methods in large task-fMRI datasets, to optimize functional brain-data collection and improve inference of effects-of-interest related to mental processes. Key to this approach is the employment of fast multi-functional paradigms rich on features that can be well parametrized and, consequently, facilitate the creation of psycho-physiological constructs to be modelled with imaging data. Particular emphasis will be given to music stimuli when studying high-order cognitive mechanisms, due to their ecological nature and quality to enable complex behavior compounded by discrete entities. I will also discuss how deep-behavioral phenotyping and individualized models applied to neuroimaging data can better account for the subject-specific organization of domain-general cognitive systems in the human brain. Finally, the accumulation of functional brain signatures brings the possibility to clarify relationships among tasks and create a univocal link between brain systems and mental functions through: (1) the development of ontologies proposing an organization of cognitive processes; and (2) brain-network taxonomies describing functional specialization. To this end, tools to improve commensurability in cognitive science are necessary, such as public repositories, ontology-based platforms and automated meta-analysis tools. I will thus discuss some brain-atlasing resources currently under development, and their applicability in cognitive as well as clinical neuroscience.
Multi-source connectivity as the driver of solar wind variability in the heli...Sérgio Sacani
The ambient solar wind that flls the heliosphere originates from multiple
sources in the solar corona and is highly structured. It is often described
as high-speed, relatively homogeneous, plasma streams from coronal
holes and slow-speed, highly variable, streams whose source regions are
under debate. A key goal of ESA/NASA’s Solar Orbiter mission is to identify
solar wind sources and understand what drives the complexity seen in the
heliosphere. By combining magnetic feld modelling and spectroscopic
techniques with high-resolution observations and measurements, we show
that the solar wind variability detected in situ by Solar Orbiter in March
2022 is driven by spatio-temporal changes in the magnetic connectivity to
multiple sources in the solar atmosphere. The magnetic feld footpoints
connected to the spacecraft moved from the boundaries of a coronal hole
to one active region (12961) and then across to another region (12957). This
is refected in the in situ measurements, which show the transition from fast
to highly Alfvénic then to slow solar wind that is disrupted by the arrival of
a coronal mass ejection. Our results describe solar wind variability at 0.5 au
but are applicable to near-Earth observatories.
Seminar of U.V. Spectroscopy by SAMIR PANDASAMIR PANDA
Spectroscopy is a branch of science dealing the study of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflect spectroscopy in the UV-VIS spectral region.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy is an analytical method that can measure the amount of light received by the analyte.
What is greenhouse gasses and how many gasses are there to affect the Earth.moosaasad1975
What are greenhouse gasses how they affect the earth and its environment what is the future of the environment and earth how the weather and the climate effects.
Slide 1: Title Slide
Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Slide 2: Introduction to Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Definition: Extrachromosomal inheritance refers to the transmission of genetic material that is not found within the nucleus.
Key Components: Involves genes located in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and plasmids.
Slide 3: Mitochondrial Inheritance
Mitochondria: Organelles responsible for energy production.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in mitochondria.
Inheritance Pattern: Maternally inherited, meaning it is passed from mothers to all their offspring.
Diseases: Examples include Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and mitochondrial myopathy.
Slide 4: Chloroplast Inheritance
Chloroplasts: Organelles responsible for photosynthesis in plants.
Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in chloroplasts.
Inheritance Pattern: Often maternally inherited in most plants, but can vary in some species.
Examples: Variegation in plants, where leaf color patterns are determined by chloroplast DNA.
Slide 5: Plasmid Inheritance
Plasmids: Small, circular DNA molecules found in bacteria and some eukaryotes.
Features: Can carry antibiotic resistance genes and can be transferred between cells through processes like conjugation.
Significance: Important in biotechnology for gene cloning and genetic engineering.
Slide 6: Mechanisms of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Non-Mendelian Patterns: Do not follow Mendel’s laws of inheritance.
Cytoplasmic Segregation: During cell division, organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts are randomly distributed to daughter cells.
Heteroplasmy: Presence of more than one type of organellar genome within a cell, leading to variation in expression.
Slide 7: Examples of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Four O’clock Plant (Mirabilis jalapa): Shows variegated leaves due to different cpDNA in leaf cells.
Petite Mutants in Yeast: Result from mutations in mitochondrial DNA affecting respiration.
Slide 8: Importance of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Evolution: Provides insight into the evolution of eukaryotic cells.
Medicine: Understanding mitochondrial inheritance helps in diagnosing and treating mitochondrial diseases.
Agriculture: Chloroplast inheritance can be used in plant breeding and genetic modification.
Slide 9: Recent Research and Advances
Gene Editing: Techniques like CRISPR-Cas9 are being used to edit mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA.
Therapies: Development of mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) for preventing mitochondrial diseases.
Slide 10: Conclusion
Summary: Extrachromosomal inheritance involves the transmission of genetic material outside the nucleus and plays a crucial role in genetics, medicine, and biotechnology.
Future Directions: Continued research and technological advancements hold promise for new treatments and applications.
Slide 11: Questions and Discussion
Invite Audience: Open the floor for any questions or further discussion on the topic.
(May 29th, 2024) Advancements in Intravital Microscopy- Insights for Preclini...Scintica Instrumentation
Intravital microscopy (IVM) is a powerful tool utilized to study cellular behavior over time and space in vivo. Much of our understanding of cell biology has been accomplished using various in vitro and ex vivo methods; however, these studies do not necessarily reflect the natural dynamics of biological processes. Unlike traditional cell culture or fixed tissue imaging, IVM allows for the ultra-fast high-resolution imaging of cellular processes over time and space and were studied in its natural environment. Real-time visualization of biological processes in the context of an intact organism helps maintain physiological relevance and provide insights into the progression of disease, response to treatments or developmental processes.
In this webinar we give an overview of advanced applications of the IVM system in preclinical research. IVIM technology is a provider of all-in-one intravital microscopy systems and solutions optimized for in vivo imaging of live animal models at sub-micron resolution. The system’s unique features and user-friendly software enables researchers to probe fast dynamic biological processes such as immune cell tracking, cell-cell interaction as well as vascularization and tumor metastasis with exceptional detail. This webinar will also give an overview of IVM being utilized in drug development, offering a view into the intricate interaction between drugs/nanoparticles and tissues in vivo and allows for the evaluation of therapeutic intervention in a variety of tissues and organs. This interdisciplinary collaboration continues to drive the advancements of novel therapeutic strategies.
Introduction:
RNA interference (RNAi) or Post-Transcriptional Gene Silencing (PTGS) is an important biological process for modulating eukaryotic gene expression.
It is highly conserved process of posttranscriptional gene silencing by which double stranded RNA (dsRNA) causes sequence-specific degradation of mRNA sequences.
dsRNA-induced gene silencing (RNAi) is reported in a wide range of eukaryotes ranging from worms, insects, mammals and plants.
This process mediates resistance to both endogenous parasitic and exogenous pathogenic nucleic acids, and regulates the expression of protein-coding genes.
What are small ncRNAs?
micro RNA (miRNA)
short interfering RNA (siRNA)
Properties of small non-coding RNA:
Involved in silencing mRNA transcripts.
Called “small” because they are usually only about 21-24 nucleotides long.
Synthesized by first cutting up longer precursor sequences (like the 61nt one that Lee discovered).
Silence an mRNA by base pairing with some sequence on the mRNA.
Discovery of siRNA?
The first small RNA:
In 1993 Rosalind Lee (Victor Ambros lab) was studying a non- coding gene in C. elegans, lin-4, that was involved in silencing of another gene, lin-14, at the appropriate time in the
development of the worm C. elegans.
Two small transcripts of lin-4 (22nt and 61nt) were found to be complementary to a sequence in the 3' UTR of lin-14.
Because lin-4 encoded no protein, she deduced that it must be these transcripts that are causing the silencing by RNA-RNA interactions.
Types of RNAi ( non coding RNA)
MiRNA
Length (23-25 nt)
Trans acting
Binds with target MRNA in mismatch
Translation inhibition
Si RNA
Length 21 nt.
Cis acting
Bind with target Mrna in perfect complementary sequence
Piwi-RNA
Length ; 25 to 36 nt.
Expressed in Germ Cells
Regulates trnasposomes activity
MECHANISM OF RNAI:
First the double-stranded RNA teams up with a protein complex named Dicer, which cuts the long RNA into short pieces.
Then another protein complex called RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) discards one of the two RNA strands.
The RISC-docked, single-stranded RNA then pairs with the homologous mRNA and destroys it.
THE RISC COMPLEX:
RISC is large(>500kD) RNA multi- protein Binding complex which triggers MRNA degradation in response to MRNA
Unwinding of double stranded Si RNA by ATP independent Helicase
Active component of RISC is Ago proteins( ENDONUCLEASE) which cleave target MRNA.
DICER: endonuclease (RNase Family III)
Argonaute: Central Component of the RNA-Induced Silencing Complex (RISC)
One strand of the dsRNA produced by Dicer is retained in the RISC complex in association with Argonaute
ARGONAUTE PROTEIN :
1.PAZ(PIWI/Argonaute/ Zwille)- Recognition of target MRNA
2.PIWI (p-element induced wimpy Testis)- breaks Phosphodiester bond of mRNA.)RNAse H activity.
MiRNA:
The Double-stranded RNAs are naturally produced in eukaryotic cells during development, and they have a key role in regulating gene expression .
Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic ...Sérgio Sacani
We characterize the earliest galaxy population in the JADES Origins Field (JOF), the deepest
imaging field observed with JWST. We make use of the ancillary Hubble optical images (5 filters
spanning 0.4−0.9µm) and novel JWST images with 14 filters spanning 0.8−5µm, including 7 mediumband filters, and reaching total exposure times of up to 46 hours per filter. We combine all our data
at > 2.3µm to construct an ultradeep image, reaching as deep as ≈ 31.4 AB mag in the stack and
30.3-31.0 AB mag (5σ, r = 0.1” circular aperture) in individual filters. We measure photometric
redshifts and use robust selection criteria to identify a sample of eight galaxy candidates at redshifts
z = 11.5 − 15. These objects show compact half-light radii of R1/2 ∼ 50 − 200pc, stellar masses of
M⋆ ∼ 107−108M⊙, and star-formation rates of SFR ∼ 0.1−1 M⊙ yr−1
. Our search finds no candidates
at 15 < z < 20, placing upper limits at these redshifts. We develop a forward modeling approach to
infer the properties of the evolving luminosity function without binning in redshift or luminosity that
marginalizes over the photometric redshift uncertainty of our candidate galaxies and incorporates the
impact of non-detections. We find a z = 12 luminosity function in good agreement with prior results,
and that the luminosity function normalization and UV luminosity density decline by a factor of ∼ 2.5
from z = 12 to z = 14. We discuss the possible implications of our results in the context of theoretical
models for evolution of the dark matter halo mass function.
Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic ...
Dix réflexions sur l’étude des utilisateurs et des usages des archives
1. Simon Côté-Lapointe, candidat au doctorat
École de bibliothéconomie et des sciences de l’information de l’Université de Montréal, EBSI
Avec l'appui financier du Fonds de recherche du Québec – Société et culture (FRQSC) et de la
la Fondation de BAnQ grâce à son Programme de soutien à la recherche
Présentation dans le cadre du 10e Symposium EBSI-SIS
Vendredi le 24 février 2017, Université de Montréal
Dix réflexions sur l’étude des
utilisateurs et des usages des archives /
Ten reflections about the study of users
and uses of archives
2. Presentation plan
2
1. Context and method
2. Five reflections about users
3. Five reflections about uses
4. Conclusion
Introduction
S. Côté-Lapointe – Ten reflections about the study of users and uses of archives – 10e Symposium EBSI-SIS – 2017
3. 3
Introduction
Context and method
Context
• Doctoral project
• Litterature review on uses and users of archives
Corpus analyzed
• Theoretical and empirical texts in archival science
• Europe and Northern America
• More than 40 texts summarized (english and french)
S. Côté-Lapointe – Ten reflections about the study of users and uses of archives – 10e Symposium EBSI-SIS – 2017
5. 5
1. User needs About users
S. Côté-Lapointe – Ten reflections about the study of users and uses of archives – 10e Symposium EBSI-SIS – 2017
«Need» is a vague and little studied aspect in archival
science
• Synonyms : expectations, intention, reasons, intended
use, requests, etc.
• Different analysis levels of the phenomenon
• No shared theoretical basis in user studies
• Archival users and use have received considerably less
attention than in LIS
6. S. Côté-Lapointe – Ten reflections about the study of users and uses of archives – 10e Symposium EBSI-SIS – 2017 6
2. The digital user About users
The digital environment modify the mediation between archives,
users and institutions
« Archives are becoming more aware that the demographics of users, especially in
online environment, is changing, no longer consisting primarily or exclusively of
researchers, but increasingly containing non-researchers [...] who search, browse,
or simply look around according to their personal or everyday-life information
needs (Pugh, 2005; Huvila, 2008; Adams, 2007). […] researchers also are beginning
to have non-traditional expectations of the archives, probably due to their overall
experiences with online databases, digital libraries, etc. » (Vilar et Šauperl, 2015,
p.553)
Impact on theorical and empirical perspectives on users.
7. 7
3. User studies
We study more the user’s expectations in relation to a
specific system or interface than the actual needs
Problematic because :
• Different practices whitin the archival community
• Different contents, kinds and types of archives
• Different interfaces
• Fast and constant evolution of digital dissemination means
• Contextual and technological bias
About users
S. Côté-Lapointe – Ten reflections about the study of users and uses of archives – 10e Symposium EBSI-SIS – 2017
8. 8
4. Actual users / Potential users
We study more the needs of those who already use
archives (traditionnal users) than the needs of potential
users
About users
S. Côté-Lapointe – Ten reflections about the study of users and uses of archives – 10e Symposium EBSI-SIS – 2017
9. 9
5. User typologies
User typologies reflect a vision centered around the
archives rather than the characteristics of users and their
practical uses of archives
Typologies
• Traditionnal / non traditionnal users
• Intern / extern users
• Primary / secondary / passive users
• Records / archives users
• Direct / indirect users
• Vocational / avocational (or lay users)
• Experts / novice users
About users
S. Côté-Lapointe – Ten reflections about the study of users and uses of archives – 10e Symposium EBSI-SIS – 2017
11. • Global dissemination
• Facilitate handling et
reuse
• Expansion of uses
11
6. Digital chain of use About uses
The chain of use have change in the digital environment
• More access
• More visibility
• More dissemination means
• More digitized documents
• More types of documents (audio,
video, etc.)
• Less mediation with institutions and
archivists
• Web 2.0 & 3.0
S. Côté-Lapointe – Ten reflections about the study of users and uses of archives – 10e Symposium EBSI-SIS – 2017
12. 12
7. Theoretical basis of use
There is a lack of theorical basis of archives uses
«Use» is vague concept. Synonyms : purpose, function,
utilization, usage, action, activity, task, etc.
About uses
THEORIES & MODELS CHARACTERISTICS
Théorie des trois âges
(Schellenberg, 1956)
Uses based on life cycle of documents and values of archives
Market segmentation
(Yeo, 2005)
2 axis : purpose of use / values sought
Activity theory
(Wilson, 2006)
3 levels for analysing usage : Activity, action, operations
Exploitation of archives
(Lemay & Klein, 2014)
Fifth dimension of the records continuum.
Highlight on conditions of use.
4 axis : activity, finality, materiality, temporality.
S. Côté-Lapointe – Ten reflections about the study of users and uses of archives – 10e Symposium EBSI-SIS – 2017
13. 13
8. Typologies of uses
Typologies of uses reflect a vision centered around the
archives and the traditionnal types of users rather than the
practical uses of archives
About uses
Typologies
• Explicit or implicit uses
• Direct or indirect uses
• Uses based on user type
• Primary or secondary uses / Uses based on archival value,
function or purpose
• Uses by disciplines or sectors
• Uses by dissemination means
S. Côté-Lapointe – Ten reflections about the study of users and uses of archives – 10e Symposium EBSI-SIS – 2017
14. 14
9. Study of uses
There’s a lack of study on uses of archives.
• « [...] less is known about what users do with records when they
consult them. » (Yeo, 2005, p.42)
• « Use is hardly discussed at all, while users have gained some
attention since the 1980s. The literature provides a somewhat
abstract view of use and users, not explicitly grounded in
theoretical reasoning or empirical studies. » (Sundqvist, 2007,
p.647)
About uses
S. Côté-Lapointe – Ten reflections about the study of users and uses of archives – 10e Symposium EBSI-SIS – 2017
15. 15
10. Kinds and types of archives
We must take account of the kinds and types of archival
documents in the study of uses
• Multiple kinds and types of documents in archives leads to
multiple uses
• Lack of study about uses linked to medium and content
types
« More research is needed to determine whether new content is
leading to new uses of archives. » (McCausland, 2011, p.316)
About uses
S. Côté-Lapointe – Ten reflections about the study of users and uses of archives – 10e Symposium EBSI-SIS – 2017
16. 16
What to do next ? Conclusion
S. Côté-Lapointe – Ten reflections about the study of users and uses of archives – 10e Symposium EBSI-SIS – 2017
Propose a new model to study the uses of archives
Avenues for further research :
• Exploitation of archives
• Sociologie des usages (sociology of uses)
• Activity theory
• Archival principles, values and functions of archives
• Kinds and types of archives (medium and content)
18. 18
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