Dissociative Identity Disorder, a mental abnormality, used to be known earlier as Multiple Personality Disorder, and is characterized by identity fragmentation. This slideshow outlines the diagnostic criteria, course, familial patterns and other parameters pertaining to the condition, and rounds off with a description of the movie - "The Three Faces of Eve" that traces the story of Chris Costner Sizemore, a person known to have been suffering from the disorder.

1. Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID)
- a brief presentation

2. Background
Diagnostic
Criteria
Course
Specific
Culture, Age, an
d Gender
Features
Familial Pattern
The Movie
The Movie Plot
• Background

3. Background
Diagnostic
Criteria
Course
Specific
Culture, Age, an
d Gender
Features
Familial Pattern
The Movie
The Movie Plot
• Dissociative
Identity Disorder
(DID) is an Axis I
Mental Disorder

4. Background
Diagnostic
Criteria
Course
Specific
Culture, Age, an
d Gender
Features
Familial Pattern
The Movie
The Movie Plot
• DID was formerly
known as
“Multiple
Personality
Disorder” (MPD)

5. Background
Diagnostic
Criteria
Course
Specific
Culture, Age, an
d Gender
Features
Familial Pattern
The Movie
The Movie Plot
• DID is codified
300.14 in DSM IV

6. Background
Diagnostic
Criteria
Course
Specific
Culture, Age, an
d Gender
Features
Familial Pattern
The Movie
The Movie Plot
• DID is
characterized by
identity
fragmentation

7. Background
Diagnostic
Criteria
Course
Specific
Culture, Age, an
d Gender
Features
Familial Pattern
The Movie
The Movie Plot
• Diagnostic
Criteria

8. Background
Diagnostic
Criteria
Course
Specific
Culture, Age, an
d Gender
Features
Familial Pattern
The Movie
The Movie Plot
• For a person to be
diagnosed for
DID, the following
four criteria must
be met…

9. Background
Diagnostic
Criteria
Criterion A
Criterion B
Criterion C
Criterion D
• Criterion A: There
are present two
or more distinct
identities or
personal states in
one individual.

10. Background
Diagnostic
Criteria
Criterion A
Criterion B
Criterion C
Criterion D
• The number of
identities in such
an individual is
reported to be
from 2 to 100.

11. Background
Diagnostic
Criteria
Criterion A
Criterion B
Criterion C
Criterion D
• The individual
finds it
challenging to
integrate the
different aspects
of their
identity, memory
and
consciousness.

12. Background
Diagnostic
Criteria
Criterion A
Criterion B
Criterion C
Criterion D
• Each of the identity
states has its own
distinct personal
history, selfimage, and identity
– including different
age, different
gender, and also a
different name.

13. Background
Diagnostic
Criteria
Criterion A
Criterion B
Criterion C
Criterion D
• Criterion B: These
distinct identities
take control over
the behavior
recurrently.

14. Background
Diagnostic
Criteria
Criterion A
Criterion B
Criterion C
Criterion D
• There usually
exists a
main, primary
identity which
carries the
individual’s given
name.

15. Background
Diagnostic
Criteria
Criterion A
Criterion B
Criterion C
Criterion D
• When this primary
identity takes
control of the
consciousness, the
individual usually
has a
passive, dependent,
guilty and
depressed
personality.

16. Background
Diagnostic
Criteria
Criterion A
Criterion B
Criterion C
Criterion D
• On the other
hand, some of the
alternate
identities may be
hostile, dominatin
g, aggressive, etc.

17. Background
Diagnostic
Criteria
Criterion A
Criterion B
Criterion C
Criterion D
• The alternative
identities emerge
and take control
over the individual’s
consciousness due
to some trigger
such as
psychosocial stress.

18. Background
Diagnostic
Criteria
Criterion A
Criterion B
Criterion C
Criterion D
• The time required
to switch between
two identities
may be a few
seconds; or it may
be gradual.

19. Background
Diagnostic
Criteria
Criterion A
Criterion B
Criterion C
Criterion D
• Others around may
discern that the
switch has
happened, through
specific symptoms
such as rapid
blinking, facial
changes, changes in
voice or
demeanor, or sudden
change of track of
the individual’s
thoughts.

20. Background
Diagnostic
Criteria
Criterion A
Criterion B
Criterion C
Criterion D
• The alternate
identities take
control in
sequence, one
after another.

21. Background
Diagnostic
Criteria
Criterion A
Criterion B
Criterion C
Criterion D
• The alternate
identities may
deny knowledge
of the existence of
the other
alternate
identities
altogether.

22. Background
Diagnostic
Criteria
Criterion A
Criterion B
Criterion C
Criterion D
• Or, they may be
aware of and be
critical of the
other alternate
identities.

23. Background
Diagnostic
Criteria
Criterion A
Criterion B
Criterion C
Criterion D
• Criterion C: The
individual is unable
to recall important
personal
information, and
this inability is too
severe to be
attributed to
ordinary
forgetfulness.

24. Background
Diagnostic
Criteria
Criterion A
Criterion B
Criterion C
Criterion D
• The individual’s
primary identity
appears to
experience gaps in
memory both in
recent and
remote episodes.

25. Background
Diagnostic
Criteria
Criterion A
Criterion B
Criterion C
Criterion D
• The memory gap
may include an
overall loss of
biographic memory
for an extended
period of
childhood, adolesce
nce, or even
adulthood.

26. Background
Diagnostic
Criteria
Criterion A
Criterion B
Criterion C
Criterion D
• The passive identity
state has the most
constricted memory
recall. The
hostile, controlling,
or protecting
identity state has
near-complete
memory recall.

27. Background
Diagnostic
Criteria
Criterion A
Criterion B
Criterion C
Criterion D
• Criterion D: The
disturbance is not
an outcome of
substance abuse
or general
medical
condition.

28. Background
Diagnostic
Criteria
Criterion A
Criterion B
Criterion C
Criterion D
• While differentially
diagnosing for DID, it
is prudent to
ascertain whether
the symptoms are
manifesting as an
episodic outcome of
either substance
abuse disorder or
some general
medical condition.

29. Background
Diagnostic
Criteria
Course
Specific
Culture, Age, an
d Gender
Features
Familial Pattern
The Movie
The Movie Plot
• Course of the
disorder

30. Background
Diagnostic
Criteria
Course
Specific
Culture, Age, an
d Gender
Features
Familial Pattern
The Movie
The Movie Plot
• DID has a
fluctuating clinical
course with
tendency to be
chronic and
recurrent.

31. Background
Diagnostic
Criteria
Course
Specific
Culture, Age, an
d Gender
Features
Familial Pattern
The Movie
The Movie Plot
• The average time
elapsed between
the first time the
symptoms present
themselves – to
actual
diagnosis, is 6 to 7
years.

32. Background
Diagnostic
Criteria
Course
Specific
Culture, Age, an
d Gender
Features
Familial Pattern
The Movie
The Movie Plot
• The disorder may
become less
manifest in the
late 40s and
beyond.

33. Background
Diagnostic
Criteria
Course
Specific
Culture, Age, an
d Gender
Features
Familial Pattern
The Movie
The Movie Plot
• However, there
may still be
relapse due to
stressors of
trauma, Substanc
e Abuse, etc.

34. Background
Diagnostic
Criteria
Course
Specific
Culture, Age, an
d Gender
Features
Familial Pattern
The Movie
The Movie Plot
• Specific
Culture, Age, and
Gender Features

35. Background
Diagnostic
Criteria
Course
Specific
Culture, Age, an
d Gender
Features
Familial Pattern
The Movie
The Movie Plot
• DID has been
found in
individuals in
different cultures.

36. Background
Diagnostic
Criteria
Course
Specific
Culture, Age, an
d Gender
Features
Familial Pattern
The Movie
The Movie Plot
• Females tend to
have more
identities than do
males.
• A DID female may
have up to 15+
identities, compare
d to about 8 in
males.

37. Background
Diagnostic
Criteria
Course
Specific
Culture, Age, and
Gender Features
Familial Pattern
The Movie
The Movie Plot
• Familial Pattern

38. Background
Diagnostic
Criteria
Course
Specific
Culture, Age, and
Gender Features
Familial Pattern
The Movie
The Movie Plot
• DID is more
common among
st-degree
1
biological relatives
of the individual
with the disorder.

39. Background
Diagnostic
Criteria
Course
Specific
Culture, Age, an
d Gender
Features
Familial Pattern
The Movie
The Movie Plot
• Introducing - The
Movie

40. Background
Diagnostic
Criteria
Course
Specific
Culture, Age, an
d Gender
Features
Familial Pattern
The Movie
The Movie Plot

41. Background
Diagnostic
Criteria
Course
Specific
Culture, Age, an
d Gender
Features
Familial Pattern
The Movie
The Movie Plot
• Movie “The Three
Faces of Eve” is
based on the true
story of Ms. Chris
Costner Sizemore.

42. Background
Diagnostic
Criteria
Course
Specific
Culture, Age, an
d Gender
Features
Familial Pattern
• Ms. Sizemore receiving fans on
The Movie
the occasion of the 51st
anniversary of the premiere of
The Movie Plot
the movie, in 2008.

43. Background
Diagnostic
Criteria
Course
Specific
Culture, Age, an
d Gender
Features
Familial Pattern
The Movie
The Movie Plot
• The case was
studied by Dr.
Corbett H.
Thigpen and Dr.
Hervey M.
Cleckley.

44. Background
Diagnostic
Criteria
Course
Specific
Culture, Age, an
d Gender
Features
Familial Pattern
The Movie
The Movie Plot
• The movie was
made in 1957.
• It stars Joanne
Woodward in the
lead role.

45. Background
Diagnostic
Criteria
Course
Specific
Culture, Age, an
d Gender
Features
Familial Pattern
The Movie
The Movie Plot
• The movie was
directed by
Nunnally
Johnson.
• It has a running
time of 91
minutes (about
1.5 hours).

46. Background
Diagnostic
Criteria
Course
Specific
Culture, Age, an
d Gender
Features
Familial Pattern
The Movie
The Movie Plot
• The Movie Plot

47. Background
Diagnostic
Criteria
Course
Specific
Culture, Age, an
d Gender
Features
Familial Pattern
The Movie
The Movie Plot
• The movie is about
a homemaker and
mother who keeps
experiencing severe
headaches and
blackouts very
often.

48. Background
Diagnostic
Criteria
Course
Specific
Culture, Age, an
d Gender
Features
Familial Pattern
The Movie
The Movie Plot
• During a session
with the
psychiatrist, a
new personality
of the protagonist
emerges.

49. Background
Diagnostic
Criteria
Course
Specific
Culture, Age, an
d Gender
Features
Familial Pattern
The Movie
The Movie Plot
• The psychiatrist
diagnoses the case
as DID.
• The movie revolves
around how
continued therapy
brings out all her
other
identities, and how
she is cured.

50. -Sanjay Agrawal, MSCP, Kuvempu
University, Karnataka, India