MARGINALIZATION (Different learners in Marginalized Group
Disruptive Innovations in America's Educational System
1.
Disruptive Innovations & America’s Educational System
Evan Kropp | University of Georgia | July 12, 2012
Photo Credit: Ben Vickery, http://www.flickr.com/photos/benjaminj/2917736366/
2. Introduction
Primary Source:
Christensen, C.M., Horn, M.B., Johnson, C.W. (2008).
Disrupting class: how disruptive innovation will change the
way the world learns. New York: McGraw-Hill.
LEARN about disruptive innovations
EXAMPLES
APPLY to student-centric learning in K-12 education
DISCUSS diffusion of authors ideas / current state
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3. Disruptive Innovations
Clayton Christensen, Kim B. Clark Professor of
Business Administration at the Harvard
Business School
The Innovator’s Dilemma (1997)
Disruptive Innovation: “Describes a process
by which a product or service takes root
initially in simple applications at the bottom
of a market and then relentlessly moves ‘up
market’, eventually displacing established
competitors”
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Photo Credit: http://www.claytonchristensen.com/bio.html
Definition: http://www.claytonchristensen.com/disruptive_innovation.html
4. 2 Types of Innovations
Sustaining Innovations
Most innovations are sustaining
“They provide better quality or additional functionality from an
organizations most demanding customers”
Disruptive Innovations
“Don’t meet existing customers’ needs as well as currently
available products or services”
“Typically simpler, more convenient, and less expensive, so they
appeal to new or less demanding customers”
Source: Christensen, 2006, p. 96
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5. 2 Types of Disruptive Innovations
Low-End: “Attack the least-profitable and most over-served
customers at the low end of the original value market”
New-Market: “Create a new value network, where it is in the
non consumption, not the incumbent, which must be
overcome”
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Source: Hang, 2010, p. 437
6. Disrupting Class – Book Overview
Educational system in America is broken
Need to move toward student-centric learning
Accomplish this with technology (hardware/software)
personalized for each students intelligence & learning style
Need to implement solution as a disruptive innovation in order
to succeed.
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7. Intelligence & Learning Styles
Current (broken) system is based on standardization
Need to focus on student-centric methods
Agreement: People learn in different way, but no consensus on
how
Intelligence: Howard Gardner 8 categories: linguistic, logical-mathematical,
spatial, bodily-kinesthetic, musical, interpersonal,
intrapersonal and naturalist. Most people will excel in two to
three of these areas
Learning Styles: Example, visual vs. aural
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Source: Clayton M. Christensen et al., 2008, p. 26
10. History of School Performance
Educational system created to “preserve democracy”
Schools have changed over time
Keep up with global competition
Meet demands of politicians (No Child Left Behind)
Have introduced computers…$60 billion invested over past 20
years. But, has not changed anything.
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Source: Clayton M. Christensen et al., 2008
11. How to Introduce Student-Centric Learning
Early developments need to serve niche markets, areas where
there is no other education option.
Example: AP, Subject choices. Take advantage of limitations in
current system. Budget, physical location, etc…
1st: Introduce computer-based learning with similar traditional
approaches to learning. Example: place videos of lectures on
computer.
2nd: Expand to student-centric technology with specialized
software customizable to differences in intelligence and styles.
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Source: Clayton M. Christensen et al., 2008
12. Diffusion
Rate = Slow
“Disruptive innovation happens in a process”
(Hang, 2010, p. 436)
Four factors to help accelerate substitution
(internal & external factors)
Need to continue to develop and improve technologies
Need to customize learning plans for students
Anticipated teacher shortage will drive demand
As market grows, costs reduced
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Source: Clayton M. Christensen et al., 2008
13. Diffusion - Challenges
Some challenges, also internal and external
Teachers unions will oppose changes
Schools focus is on teaching to tests, not providing better ways of
learning
Teaching to test limits course offerings (but also providing
opportunity)
Disruption to commercial support system (textbook and material
suppliers) must also occur.
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Source: Clayton M. Christensen et al., 2008
14. Diffusion – Topics to be Addressed
Who will be the change agents?
Mary Goodwin (2010), professional writing instructor
advocates instructors
What channels will change agents use to communicate?
The nature of the beast, large, public, political
Christensen made predictions….
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15. Diffusion Predictions
Writing in 2008
By “about” 2012 the rate of adoption would begin to favor
student-centric learning
(perhaps a bit overly optimistic)
5%-50% market share by 2018
(nothing like a nice wide predictive range)
80% diffusion by 2024
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Source: Clayton M. Christensen et al., 2008
17. Conclusion
What was this book again?
Christensen, C.M., Horn, M.B., Johnson, C.W. (2008).
Disrupting class: how disruptive innovation will change the
way the world learns. New York: McGraw-Hill.
What did you just present?
LEARN about disruptive innovations
EXAMPLES
APPLY to student-centric learning in K-12 education
DISCUSS diffusion of authors ideas / current state
16
18. Sources
Christensen, C. M. Key Concepts - Disruptive Innovation. Retrieved July 7, 2012,
from http://www.claytonchristensen.com/disruptive_innovation.html
Christensen, C. M., Baumann, H., Ruggles, R., & Sadtler, T.M. (2006). Disruptive
Innovation for Social Change. Harvard Business Review, 84(12), 94-101.
Christensen, C. M., Horn, M. B., & Johnson, C. W. (2008). Disrupting class : how
disruptive innovation will change the way the world learns. New York: McGraw-
Hill.
Godwin, M. (2010). Disruptive Technology: What Is It? How Can It Work for
Professional Writing? Writing Instructor.
Hang, C. C., Yu, D. (2010). A Reflective Review of Disruptive Innovation Theory.
International Journal Of Management Reviews, 12(4), 435-452.
Rogers, E. M. (2003). Diffusion of innovations (5th ed.). New York: Free Press.
Schmidt, G. M., & Druehl, C. T. (2008). When Is a Disruptive Innovation
Disruptive? Journal Of Product Innovation Management, 25(4), 347-369.
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19. Thank You
Evan L. Kropp
Grady College of Journalism and Mass Communication
kropp@uga.edu
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