The document discusses various types of bone injuries including hip dislocation, femur, tibia, ankle, calcaneum, and carpal injuries, outlining their definitions, causes, and illustrative radiographic images. Hip dislocation is caused by falls, sports injuries, and vehicle collisions, while femur injuries often arise from high-impact trauma. Additionally, tibia and ankle injuries are typically results of traumatic incidents or osteoporosis, and carpal injuries frequently occur due to falls or repetitive trauma.

1. HIP BONE DISLOCATION
FEMUR,TIBIA,ANKLE AND CALCANEUM
INJURIES
AND
CARPAL INJURY
BY:AALIAABDULLAH
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
RADIOLOGY AND IMAGING TECHNOLOGY

2. HIP DISLOCATION
DEFINITION: Is an abnormal repositioning of the ball and socket
hip joint resulting into disruption of the joint between the femur
and pelvis.
CAUSES: The most common causes of a hip dislocation include:-
 Falls from a height.
 Catastrophic sports injuries resulted from both contact sports like
football and falling related sports like skiing etc.
 Motor vehicle collisions.
 Complication of hip replacement surgery.
 Industrial accidents.

3. HIP DISLOCATION
The dislocation of hip is illustrated from below images:-
Left image shows: Natural hip dislocation
Right image shows: Dislocation due to complication of hip replacement.

4. HIP DISLOCATION

5. HIP DISLOCATION
Radiographic images illustrating hip dislocation as shown below:-

6. FEMUR,TIBIA,ANKLE AND
CALCANEUM INJURY
1. FEMUR INJURY: A femur fracture is a crack in the femur or thigh bone, which
is considered as one of the strongest bones in the body. The femur supports all the
weight of the body as its length extends from the knee joint to the hip joint.
 CAUSES: Femur injury can be caused by:
 High-impact trauma
 Motorcycle or car accidents
 A heavy fall can result in the breakage of the femur bone
 A preexisting bone disease that weakens the bone

7. Radiographic images demonstrating Femoral injury:-

8. 2. TIBIA INJURY: Is a break of the tibia (shin bone).
 CAUSES: Tibia injury can be caused by:-
 Traumatic injuries, such as motor vehicle accidents or falls
 Repetitive stress on the shinbone and the connective tissues that attach your muscles to the bone
like in Sports that involve repeated impact to the shinbones, such as long-distance running
 Injuries from contact sports such as football or hockey.
 Osteoporosis, which makes the bones weaker than usual.

9. Radiographic images demonstrating tibia injury:-

10. 3. ANKLE INJURY: Is the injury that happens when one or more bones in the ankle
joint break.
 CAUSES: This can be caused by:-
 A fall or trip when walking on an uneven surface, wear ill-fitting shoes, or walk around without
proper lighting.
 Landing awkwardly on your foot after jumping or pivoting
 Another person stepping or landing on your foot during a sports activity.
 High-impact sports involve intense movements like soccer, basketball etc.
 Car collisions.

11. Radiographic images demonstrating ankle injury:-

12. 4. CALCANEUM INJURY: A calcaneal fracture is a break of the calcaneus (heel
bone) and it can be a painful and disabling injury,
 CAUSES: This can be caused by:-
 High-energy trauma situations such as car crashes or falls from heights (ex. a ladder or roof).
 Repetitive forces and motions
 Weakened bones (osteoporosis)

13. Radiographic images demonstrating calcaneus injury:-

14. CARPAL INJURIES
DEFINITION: This is a fracture of one or more of the eight carpal bones of the wrist
located between the radius and the ulna bones of the forearm and the metacarpal bones
of the hand.
 CAUSES: The causes leading to carpal fractures include:
 Fall on the outstretched hand.
 Blow to the dorsal or the palmar side of the hand/wrist.
 Repetitive traumas causing stress fractures (hamate hook).
 Crush injury.
 Dislocation caused by hyperflexion or hyperextension of the wrist.
 Lateral dislocation.

15. Carpal bones are shown in below radiograph:-

16. Radiograph showing Scaphoid injury:-

17. Radiograph showing lunate injury that is present in delayed form as lunate
osteonecrosis or also known as Kienbock disease:-

18. Radiograph showing trapezoid injury:-

19. Radiograph showing trapezium injury:-

20. Radiograph showing triquetral injury:-

21. Radiograph showing capitate injury:-

22. Radiograph showing hamate injury:-

23. Thank you…