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Disaster Management mechanism in Sri Lanka
- 1. Presenter- Pradeep Kodippili Director - Awareness and Education Pradeep Kodippili, MSc (Merit-DAMM) & BSc in Agric (special) Hons Director-Awareness and the Media Spokesmen Disaster Management Center
- 2. INTRODUCTION TO DISASTER RISK REDUCTION
- 3. Important Terms for Disaster Risk Reduction A process, phenomenon or human activity that may cause loss of life, injury or other health impacts, property damage, social and economic disruption or environmental degradation. UNISDR 2016 HAZARD Eg: High intensive of rainfall in a short period of time
- 4. Important Terms for Disaster Risk Reduction DISASTER A serious disruption of the functioning of a community or a society due to hazardous events interacting with conditions of exposure, vulnerability and capacity, leading to one or more of the following: human, material, economic and environmental losses and impacts. UNISDR 2016 Eg: High intensive of rainfall in a short period of time cause flash floods and killed people and destroy properties
- 5. Global Level Disaster Risk Earthquake Cyclone Tsunami
- 6. Global Level Disaster Risk
- 7. Flood Prone areas during South west Monsoon (May – Sep) Flood Prone areas during North East Monsoon (Dec – Feb) Landslide Prone areas Drought Prone areas Tropical Cyclones Tsunami Affected Coastal Areas Land subsidence areas Wet Zone Intermedia te Zone Dry Zone Arid Zone Arid Zone Intermedi ate Zone Dry Zone Dry Zone Dambul la Mihinthala ya Anuradhapu ra Mannar Puttala ma Mahiyangan aya Buttala Uda Walaw a Katarag ama Hamba ntota Problematic Soils - Natural Disasters in Sri Lanka
- 9. An earthquake is the sudden release of strain energy in the Earth’s crust, resulting in waves of shaking that radiate outwards from the earthquake source.. EARTHQUAKE Ring of Fire
- 11. A tsunami is a series of ocean waves that sends surges of water, sometimes reaching heights of over 100 feet (30.5 meters), onto land. These walls of water can cause widespread destruction when they crash ashore.. TSUNAMI
- 12. 2004 Tsunami
- 13. A flood is the overflowing of the normal confines of a stream or other body of water, or the accumulation of water over areas that are not normally submerged. FLOOD
- 14. 1986 1989 1993 1999 2003 2010 2016 2017 Flood Affected Population 1986-2017
- 15. 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 FLOOD DEATHS - 1974-2017 Deaths 2003 2017 Year Frequency
- 16. A landslide is defined as the movement of a mass of rock, debris, or earth down a slope. LANDSLIDE
- 17. Landslide Affected Population 1978-2021 1978 1989 1997 2000-2009 2010-2021
- 18. a cyclone is a large air mass that rotates around a strong center of low atmospheric pressure, counterclockwise in the Northern Hemisphere and clockwise in the Southern Hemisphere CYCLONE
- 19. Climate Change Causes , Impacts and Adaptation The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) defines climate change as “a change of climate which is attributed directly or indirectly to human activity that alters the composition of the global atmosphere and which is in addition to natural climate variability observed over comparable time periods”. Climate change describes a change in the average conditions — such as temperature and rainfall — in a region over a long period of time. NASA scientists have observed Earth’s surface is warming, many of the warmest years on record have happened in the past 20 years.
- 20. Climate Change Causes , Impacts and Adaptation High Intensive Rainfall Sea Level Rise ; Increase Temperature Causes Wild life Forest Plant Ocean water Health; Agriculture; Impacts
- 21. 70s 80s 90s 2000 - 2010 2011 - 2021 Drought Affected Population 1974-2021
- 22. Climate Change Causes , Impacts and Adaptation Adaptation The adjustment in natural or human systems in response to actual or expected climatic stimuli or their effects, which moderates harm or exploits beneficial opportunities. All nations must work together to help mitigate and adapt to climate change and its impacts for the benefit of people everywhere
- 24. Legal Background – Disaster Management A Parliamentary Select Committee was appointed to review the disaster risk management in 2005 An Interim Committee on Early Warning System was set up In May 2005, Disaster Management Act No 13 of 2005 passed in the Parliament . The National Council for Disaster Management (NCDM) was established, as per the act in 2005 The Disaster Management Centre (DMC) was established in 2005 In December 2005, the Ministry for Disaster Management was established. In January 2006 In 2014 has introduce Disaster Management Policy
- 25. DMC ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE DMC AWARENESS AND TRAINING PREPAREDNESS AND PLANNING MITIGATION RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT EARLY WARNING AND 24 x7EMERGENCY OPERATION 117 Call Center MINISTRY OF DISASTER MANAGEMENT DIRECTOR GENERAL ADDITIONAL DIRECTOR GENERAL Internal Audit HR/ Finance Media Unit • National/District/Divi sional DM committee Meeting • Public Awareness Through Media/Exhibition • DM Training for Military /Youth and Professional bodies • National/District /Divisional/ GN DM Plan Preparation • Drill/TTEx • Institutional DM Plans • Hazard Mitigation Development Projects • Mainstreaming DRR • Risk Profile and Risk Analyses DDMCU General Public • Receiving Early Warnings • Dissemination of Warning • Maintain ing Radio Communication • Tsunami Towers • Coordinating Emergency Response
- 26. Important Terms for Disaster Risk Reduction The lessening or limitation of the adverse impacts of hazards and related disasters. STRUCTURAL NON STRUCTURAL • Flood control dams • Detention basins • Levees or dikes • Flood diversion channels • River channel improvements • Flood hazard zoning • Spatial planning and land use zoning • Control of land development planning • Building regulations • Property acquisitions • Resettlement • Decision support systems FLOOD MITIGATION
- 27. Maeslantkering Flood Gate Netherland - Closed Before 2011 After 2011 Maeslantkering Flood Gate Netherland - Open Great Sea Wall TARO Japan Before and after Tsunami 2011 Sabo Dam – Japan for collect Landslide Debris
- 28. Earthquake Resistant Building Flood Resistant Model for House Slope Management for Landslide
- 30. Important Terms for Disaster Risk Reduction PREPARATION The knowledge and capacities developed by governments, professional response and recovery organizations, communities and individuals to effectively anticipate, respond to, and recover from, the impacts of likely, imminent or current hazard events or conditions. FLOOD • Flood monitoring and warning • Flood forecasting • Community awareness • Community preparedness • Preparedness exercises • Decision support systems • Communications systems • Equipment Distribution • Need Assessment
- 31. Education and Awareness for Reducing Disaster Impacts The Story of Tilly Smith to learn how 10-year old Tilly Smith's knowledge of natural tsunami warnings saved numerous lives in Thailand during the 2004 tsunami. India Dead 16,389 Injured 6913 Indonesia Dead 165,708 Total affected: 523,898 Maldives Dead 102 Injured 2214 Sri Lanka Dead 35,399 Injured 23176 Thailand Dead 8,345 Injured 8,457 Myanmar Dead 71 Total Affected: 12,500 Somaliya Dead 298 Injured 283
- 34. Training Education and PublicAwareness Education Sector Drills
- 35. Training Education and PublicAwareness Education Sector Awareness
- 36. Training Education and PublicAwareness Exhibition Toolkit For DRR
- 37. Important Terms for Disaster Risk Reduction RESPONSE The provision of emergency services and public assistance during or immediately after a disaster in order to save lives reduces health impacts, ensure public safety and meet the basic subsistence needs of the people affected. FLOOD • Communication • Search and Rescue • First Aid • Health • Transportation • Shelter ad Shelter Management • Crowd Management • Water and Sanitation • Emergency Need Assessment • Security • Aid management • Downer Agency Coordination
- 38. 24 x 7 National Emergency Operations Centre National EOC
- 39. 117 Call Center
- 40. SAR Teams Develop by Army Equipment allocated to the SAR teams by the DMC Emergency Response
- 41. More than 150 fire incidents - 2014 Air Rescue missions by Sri Lanka Air force
- 42. June-2014 (people rescued in Kalutara and Rathnapura Districts) May-2016(people rescued in Colombo district) Feb-2017(people rescued in Kalutara boat wreckage) 4RS Teams by NAVY
- 43. Important Terms for Disaster Risk Reduction RECOVERY The restoration, and improvement where appropriate, of facilities, livelihoods and living conditions of disaster-affected communities, including efforts to reduce disaster risk factors. FLOOD • Debris Removal • Repair Infrastructure • Control Chemical Hazard • Control Biological hazard • Resettlement • Reconstruction • Build Back Better
- 45. Before After Landslide Mitigation – Padiyapalella- Kandy Source:NBRO School slope management – Kandy 2015-2017 Source :NBRO Landslide Safety House Model- Ratnapura Source :NBRO Before After
- 46. THANK YOU
Editor's Notes
- In this educational visit, we scheduled three sessions first to give a briefing about disaster background and disaster management mechanism in Sri Lanka , then exposure visit to EOC and 117 Call center.
- Out of vast amount of disaster terms for prove a brief knowledge of disaster management here I select two terminologies . 1st we discuss about hazard, What is the meaning of hazard? This is like a alarm , nature is giving a sign to the community. Cyclone in a sea surface, high intensive of rainfall …… will generate a disaster situation
- The hazardous situation when reach to communities and destroy their life , create injuries, destroy physical structures, infrastructures cause property damages crate a disaster…,
- This is the spatial distribution of natural hazard in world…
- When study the global exposure levels of different hazard high exposure level was recorded in high population density areas
- Then we move to get an idea for disaster background in Sri Lanka. What are the natural disasters in Sri Lanka?
- Earthquake is one of the dangerous natural hazard in world ? Large number of countries affected from earthquakes. Where are the high earthquake and volcanic vulnerable areas in the world.?
- Do you think is sri lanka have a earthquake risk? When study the fast seismic records this map shows the distribution pattern of seismic incidents. What is the plate locate in Sri lanka? We locate in mid of the indu Australian plate …. Therefore risk of the earthquake is lesser than countries which are located in plate boundaries.
- Tsunami is series of high tsunami waves before 2004 we heard about countries located in pacific ocean are highly vulnerable to tsunami.. But in 2004 Indian ocean tsunami…tsunami threat has been move to the countries like India, sri lanka, midlives and west African countries…
- Flood is worldwide disaster from ancient period of time.
- When talk about sri lanaka ..every district is vulnerable to flood hazard.
- Cyclone are large air mass and sri lanka is highly venerable to cyclone in many reasons. We are getting impact from cyclones are generating in bay of bengal
- Climate change is in the average condition of rainfall and temperature in a region for a long period of time.
- Causes of climate change are high intensive of rainfall, increasing temperature and sea level rise.
- All nations must work together to reduce carbon emission. Using solar power, hydrdo power , wind power are much essential to protect our environment.
- Now we discuss about background of disasters .. And how we can manage disasters using disaster management cycle. There are three stages in this cycle. PRE, DURIND AND POST. Ppre stage consist in prevention and mitigation, during stage consisting search and rescue, emergency relief, post stage consist in disaster recovery
- To coordinate pre, during and post disaster management activities government of sri lanaka was introduced a act called DM act no 05 on 2005 after the calamity of tsunami. Then established a one of the important decision making body as NCDM, then established the disaster management center. At the present disaster management centre is under the ministry of defence. In 2014 ministry has introduce disaster management policy to align all the disaster management activates in the country in to disaster risk reduction process.
- To coordinate dm activates dmc has consist in four technical divisions
- Disaster mitigation consist in two sectors called structural and non structural…
- Preparation of a school safety plan disaster management society ..