1. Name: Karniz Khadiza Faruquee
Class roll: 30
Topic: Disaster at my eyes
Introduction
Since the dawn of human civilization Disasters were its companion. Entire civilizations have
been decimated in an instant. In response, efforts were undertaken personally or socially to
minimize the losses of a disaster. All these approaches are considered as Disaster Management.
Bangladesh is a disaster prone country. Flood,Cyclone,drought visit us every year.It is also
earthquakeprone.I think disaster is a part of life.It is not possible to prevent natural disasters.
Therefore the goal of disaster management is to stop life loss,and to reduce the distress of the
people.
Definition
The World Health Organisation (WHO) defines Disaster as "any occurrence that causes
damage,ecological disruption, loss of human life, deterioration of health and health
services, on a scalesufficient to warrant an extraordinary response from outside the affected
community or area.This type of potential event is called hazard.When they take place causing a
huge damage,they are called disaster. Basically Disaster is an energy releasing process of nature.
History
Epidemics and Pandemics have resulted in sizable reductions of world’s population. On
fourteenth century bubonic plague killed 50% people of Europe. Ancient civilization including
the Mayans, the Norse, the Minoans and the old Egyptian empire were ultimately brought to
their knees not by their enemies but by the effects of flood, famine, earthquake, tsunamis, El
Niño events.
Types of Disaster
According to the origin of disaster, it is categorized as follows:
Types of disaster Origin Example Cause
Hydrological Hydrosphere
(Ocean, river
etc)
Flood,Strom surge. Monsoon rainfall,low lying
position of BD.
Meteorological Atmosphere Strom,Cyclone,Tornado,Drought Low pressure at Bay of
Bengal.
Geological Lithosphere Earthquake,Volcanic eruption Plate tectonic movement.
Biological Pathogen SARS,Corona,Ebola Virus,bacteria when attacks
human and animal.
Besides Wars,Nuclear exploision,cyber attacks are dangerous manmade disaster.
2. Effects of Disaster
The characteristics of different disasters are different.But generally these effects are common in
all disasters more or less.
Primary effect: loss of human life ,livestock loss,Injury, Habitation,crops got damaged.
Secondary Effect: Poverty,Price hike, Children dropout from school,Famine,Disease broke
out,socio economic degradation,etc.
Management
To minimize the loss of a disaster a pre planned programme is needed.Such as weather
forcasting,analysis of previous data of disasters. Early Warning can prevent a huge
destruction.People should be shifted to shelter centers before flood or cyclone.During a disaster
like flood dry foods,medicines,othere necessary relief should be distributed.And after the disaster
Reconstruction and Rehabilitation are required to renovate the damaged structure and habitation.
Cyclone Sitrang
On 18th
October 2022,Bangladesh faced Cyclone Sitrang.Sitrang means leaf.It is named by
Thiland.Requirement of cyclone is ocean temperature 27 degree for 3 months upto 150
feet.strom having speed more than 66km/hour is considered as cyclone.Cyclone rotates counter
clockwise in northen hemisphere,clockwise in southern hemisphere. A low pressure was created
at Andaman sea which moved to Bay of Bengal .324 mm rainfall was recorded in Barishal.
Different districts go down under water such as Bagerhat Chittagong,Barishal due to heavy
rainfall.A huge crop damage occurred due to Sitrang in these districts.
Conclusion
Bangladesh faced a cyclone in1970.10 lack people died by this according to red corss. On the
other hand Cyclone Sitrang visited last year. Only 35 people died. Here lies the success of
disaster management.disasters has increased in recent days for global warming.We must reduce
it. Still Bangladesh has become a role model in managing disasters. We hope further success of
our country.
References
1.International disaster Management: Damon P. Coppla.2.The Black death: Bubonic
Plague attacks Europe.Emily Mahony.3.News Report: Somoy TV
4.https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H8JM3XU1KHw&t=700s
