This document discusses the emergence of online disability activism in response to UK welfare cuts. It analyzes three types of online actors opposing the cuts: formal organizations, digitized activists, and digital action networks. The research focuses on the digital action network "The Broken of Britain" and its Facebook page. Analysis found the group effectively builds consensus online around personal stories and alternative policy frames. However, questions remain around its long-term sustainability and accountability as a new form of online-only disability activism.
Social media has emerged as a powerful communication channel to promote actions and raise social awareness. Initiatives through social media are being driven by NGOs to increase the scope and effectiveness of their campaigns. In this paper, we describe the DaTactic2 campaign, which is both an offline and online initiative supported by Oxfam Intermón devised to gather activists and NGOs practitioners and create awareness on the importance of the 2014 European Parliament election. We provide details regarding the background of the campaign, as well as the objectives, the strategies that have been implemented and an empirical evaluation of its performance through an analysis of the impact on Twitter. Our findings show the effectiveness of bringing together relevant actors in an offline event and the high value of creating multimedia content in order to increase the scope and virality of the campaign.
Social media visualization for crisis managementMustafa Alkhunni
PhD proposal about the use of data mining and information visualization techniques to manage and guide people within crisis time .
Under the supervision of Dr.Robert Johnathan from Bangor university
MSc.Mustafa ALKHUNNI
Social media has emerged as a powerful communication channel to promote actions and raise social awareness. Initiatives through social media are being driven by NGOs to increase the scope and effectiveness of their campaigns. In this paper, we describe the DaTactic2 campaign, which is both an offline and online initiative supported by Oxfam Intermón devised to gather activists and NGOs practitioners and create awareness on the importance of the 2014 European Parliament election. We provide details regarding the background of the campaign, as well as the objectives, the strategies that have been implemented and an empirical evaluation of its performance through an analysis of the impact on Twitter. Our findings show the effectiveness of bringing together relevant actors in an offline event and the high value of creating multimedia content in order to increase the scope and virality of the campaign.
Social media visualization for crisis managementMustafa Alkhunni
PhD proposal about the use of data mining and information visualization techniques to manage and guide people within crisis time .
Under the supervision of Dr.Robert Johnathan from Bangor university
MSc.Mustafa ALKHUNNI
To Thread or Not to Thread: The Impact of Conversation Threading on Online Di...Pablo Aragón
Online discussion is essential for the communication and collaboration of online communities. The reciprocal exchange of messages between users that characterizes online discussion can be represented in many different ways. While some platforms display messages chronologically using a simple linear interface, others use a hierarchical (threaded) interface to represent more explicitly the structure of the discussion. Although the type of representation has been shown to affect communication, to the best of our knowledge, the impact of using either one or the other has not yet been investigated in a large and mature online community.
In this work we analyze Menéame, a popular Spanish social news platform which recently transitioned from a linear to a hierarchical interface, becoming an ideal research opportunity for this purpose. Using interrupted time series analysis and regression discontinuity design, we observe an abrupt and significant increase in social reciprocity after the adoption of a threaded interface. We furthermore extend state-ofthe-art generative models of discussion threads by including reciprocity, a fundamental feature to explain better the structure of the discussions, both before and after the change in the interface.
Civic Technologies: Research, Practice, and Open ChallengesPablo Aragón
Workshop – CSCW 2020 – October 17, 2020
Over the last years, civic technology projects have emerged around the world to advance open government and community action. Although Computer-Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW) and Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) communities have shown a growing interest in researching issues around civic technologies, yet most research still focuses on projects from the Global North. The goal of this workshop is, therefore, to advance CSCW research by raising awareness for the ongoing challenges and open questions around civic technology by bridging the gap between researchers and practitioners from different regions.
The workshop will be organized around three central topics: (1) discuss how the local context and infrastructure affect the design, implementation, adoption, and maintenance of civic technology; (2) identify key elements of the configuration of trust among government, citizenry, and local organizations and how these elements change depending on the sociopolitical context where community engagement takes place; (3) discover what methods and strategies are best suited for conducting research on civic technologies in different contexts. These core topics will be covered across sessions that will initiate in-depth discussions and, thereby, stimulate collaboration between the CSCW research community and practitioners of civic technologies from both Global North and South.
What Actor-Network Theory (ANT) and digital methods can do for data journalis...Liliana Bounegru
Slides from a talk I gave at the University of Ghent on 21 October 2014 about how Actor-Network Theory (ANT) and digital methods can be used to study and inform data journalism.
Characterizing Online Participation in Civic Technologies - PhDPablo Aragón
This thesis constitutes one of the first investigations focused on characterizing online participation in civic technologies, a type of platform increasingly popular on the Internet that allows citizens new forms, on a larger scale, of political participation. Given the opportunities of civic technologies in democratic governance, it should be noted that their design, like that of any online platform, is not neutral. The ways in which information is presented or interaction between users is allowed can greatly alter the results of participation. For this reason, we analyze the impact of different interventions in civic technologies in relation to online conversation views, ordering criteria for ranking petitions, and deliberative interfaces. Since these interventions were carried out by the corresponding development teams, the analyses have required to develop novel computational and statistical methods, while also extending generative models of discussion threads to better characterise the dynamics of online conversations. Results of the different case studies highlight the social and political impact of these interventions, suggesting new directions for future research and the need to develop a paradigm of citizen experimentation for democracy.
Online Petitioning Through Data Exploration and What We Found There: A Datase...Pablo Aragón
Dataset paper presented at ICWSM-18:
The Internet has become a fundamental resource for activism as it facilitates political mobilization at a global scale. Petition platforms are a clear example of how thousands of people around the world can contribute to social change. Avaaz.org, with a presence in over 200 countries, is one of the most popular of this type. However, little research has focused on this platform, probably due to a lack of available data.
In this work we retrieved more than 350K petitions, standardized their field values, and added new information using language detection and named-entity recognition. To motivate future research with this unique repository of global protest, we present a first exploration of the dataset. In particular, we examine how social media campaigning is related to the success of petitions, as well as some geographic and linguistic findings about the worldwide community of Avaaz.org. We conclude with example research questions that could be addressed with our dataset.
En su conferencia, "Government 2.0.: Opportunities and challenges", Jane Fountain enseña las consecuencias del uso de herramientas tecnológicas de comunicación en la campaña y la administración de Barack Obama. 12-02-2010
Vídeo relacionado:
http://bit.ly/dp0bvx
Public Agencies or Nonprofit Organizations: Which sector is maximizing its
E-participation tools to promote citizen engagement?
There is a long literature regarding the importance of civic participation, perhaps starting as early as the early 19th century with Alexis de Tocqueville. Implicit the “new public service” is the importance of providing information for the public, but also taking information in from the public. Technology allows for more inclusiveness in governing through e-participation. Government’s move to increasingly rely on nonprofit organizations for the provision of services had brought organizations in the public and nonprofit sectors into a position where they are both active in promoting a public benefit. Recent moves in governing argue to bring more stakeholders to the virtual decision-making table. ICTs provide the vehicle for more people to be at that virtual table. The extent to which public and nonprofit organizations utilize these mediums has grown in recent years. What is missing is a comparative study of utilization between the two sectors of similar organizations. This paper will compare similar organizations’ use of ICTs in the two sectors. An analysis of Web sites and social media platforms will be conducted using indexes that allow for a cross-sector comparison. The purpose is two fold: to broaden the empirical analysis of ICT adoption, and second, to better understand which sector is more open to public input via these new mediums. Administrators in both sectors can use the results of this to see not only the ICT tools their ‘competitors’, to use New Public Management terminology, are using but also see where they are lagging in promoting e-participation.
To Thread or Not to Thread: The Impact of Conversation Threading on Online Di...Pablo Aragón
Online discussion is essential for the communication and collaboration of online communities. The reciprocal exchange of messages between users that characterizes online discussion can be represented in many different ways. While some platforms display messages chronologically using a simple linear interface, others use a hierarchical (threaded) interface to represent more explicitly the structure of the discussion. Although the type of representation has been shown to affect communication, to the best of our knowledge, the impact of using either one or the other has not yet been investigated in a large and mature online community.
In this work we analyze Menéame, a popular Spanish social news platform which recently transitioned from a linear to a hierarchical interface, becoming an ideal research opportunity for this purpose. Using interrupted time series analysis and regression discontinuity design, we observe an abrupt and significant increase in social reciprocity after the adoption of a threaded interface. We furthermore extend state-ofthe-art generative models of discussion threads by including reciprocity, a fundamental feature to explain better the structure of the discussions, both before and after the change in the interface.
Civic Technologies: Research, Practice, and Open ChallengesPablo Aragón
Workshop – CSCW 2020 – October 17, 2020
Over the last years, civic technology projects have emerged around the world to advance open government and community action. Although Computer-Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW) and Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) communities have shown a growing interest in researching issues around civic technologies, yet most research still focuses on projects from the Global North. The goal of this workshop is, therefore, to advance CSCW research by raising awareness for the ongoing challenges and open questions around civic technology by bridging the gap between researchers and practitioners from different regions.
The workshop will be organized around three central topics: (1) discuss how the local context and infrastructure affect the design, implementation, adoption, and maintenance of civic technology; (2) identify key elements of the configuration of trust among government, citizenry, and local organizations and how these elements change depending on the sociopolitical context where community engagement takes place; (3) discover what methods and strategies are best suited for conducting research on civic technologies in different contexts. These core topics will be covered across sessions that will initiate in-depth discussions and, thereby, stimulate collaboration between the CSCW research community and practitioners of civic technologies from both Global North and South.
What Actor-Network Theory (ANT) and digital methods can do for data journalis...Liliana Bounegru
Slides from a talk I gave at the University of Ghent on 21 October 2014 about how Actor-Network Theory (ANT) and digital methods can be used to study and inform data journalism.
Characterizing Online Participation in Civic Technologies - PhDPablo Aragón
This thesis constitutes one of the first investigations focused on characterizing online participation in civic technologies, a type of platform increasingly popular on the Internet that allows citizens new forms, on a larger scale, of political participation. Given the opportunities of civic technologies in democratic governance, it should be noted that their design, like that of any online platform, is not neutral. The ways in which information is presented or interaction between users is allowed can greatly alter the results of participation. For this reason, we analyze the impact of different interventions in civic technologies in relation to online conversation views, ordering criteria for ranking petitions, and deliberative interfaces. Since these interventions were carried out by the corresponding development teams, the analyses have required to develop novel computational and statistical methods, while also extending generative models of discussion threads to better characterise the dynamics of online conversations. Results of the different case studies highlight the social and political impact of these interventions, suggesting new directions for future research and the need to develop a paradigm of citizen experimentation for democracy.
Online Petitioning Through Data Exploration and What We Found There: A Datase...Pablo Aragón
Dataset paper presented at ICWSM-18:
The Internet has become a fundamental resource for activism as it facilitates political mobilization at a global scale. Petition platforms are a clear example of how thousands of people around the world can contribute to social change. Avaaz.org, with a presence in over 200 countries, is one of the most popular of this type. However, little research has focused on this platform, probably due to a lack of available data.
In this work we retrieved more than 350K petitions, standardized their field values, and added new information using language detection and named-entity recognition. To motivate future research with this unique repository of global protest, we present a first exploration of the dataset. In particular, we examine how social media campaigning is related to the success of petitions, as well as some geographic and linguistic findings about the worldwide community of Avaaz.org. We conclude with example research questions that could be addressed with our dataset.
En su conferencia, "Government 2.0.: Opportunities and challenges", Jane Fountain enseña las consecuencias del uso de herramientas tecnológicas de comunicación en la campaña y la administración de Barack Obama. 12-02-2010
Vídeo relacionado:
http://bit.ly/dp0bvx
Public Agencies or Nonprofit Organizations: Which sector is maximizing its
E-participation tools to promote citizen engagement?
There is a long literature regarding the importance of civic participation, perhaps starting as early as the early 19th century with Alexis de Tocqueville. Implicit the “new public service” is the importance of providing information for the public, but also taking information in from the public. Technology allows for more inclusiveness in governing through e-participation. Government’s move to increasingly rely on nonprofit organizations for the provision of services had brought organizations in the public and nonprofit sectors into a position where they are both active in promoting a public benefit. Recent moves in governing argue to bring more stakeholders to the virtual decision-making table. ICTs provide the vehicle for more people to be at that virtual table. The extent to which public and nonprofit organizations utilize these mediums has grown in recent years. What is missing is a comparative study of utilization between the two sectors of similar organizations. This paper will compare similar organizations’ use of ICTs in the two sectors. An analysis of Web sites and social media platforms will be conducted using indexes that allow for a cross-sector comparison. The purpose is two fold: to broaden the empirical analysis of ICT adoption, and second, to better understand which sector is more open to public input via these new mediums. Administrators in both sectors can use the results of this to see not only the ICT tools their ‘competitors’, to use New Public Management terminology, are using but also see where they are lagging in promoting e-participation.
O fotógrafo britânico Carl Warner criou uma série de fotografias utilizando apenas alimentos para formar cenários.
As chamadas "foodscapes" (união das palavras food - alimentos - e landscape - paisagem) mostram cavernas submarinas, florestas, praias ao pôr do sol e até cachoeiras, usando frutas, legumes, queijos, frios e massas, entre outros.
Trevısan leicester esrc festival of soc sci_nov 2012_webfilippotrevisan
Slides from my presentation on the 'digitalization' of disability activism in the UK at the 2012 Economic and Social Research Council Festival of Social Science, 9 Nov., University of Leicester - Department of Media and Communication.
In order for the internet to play a greater role as an instrument for social and personal empowerment, we need to understand what the everyday life of an individual belonging to a minority or marginalized community encompasses. Such an approach calls for closer examination of the practices, system of relations and context of particular minority and marginalized users in order to figure out what is meaningful to them and how they use (or do not use) different forms of the internet for meeting their objectives. There is a need to acknowledge the multiple conceptualizations and forms of internet use as disadvantaged users apply these differently for meeting specific agendas.
This article presented three projects working with minority and marginalized users. In the context of future research on internet use, three broad sets of variables are closely connected and require careful attention:
• The type of marginalized group;
• The goals, expectations and identification of what particular marginalized users consider to be meaningful in their everyday life; and
• The selected method of research.
Reader-to-Leader Framework is designed to help researchers, designers, and managers understand what motivates technology-mediated social participation. This will enable them to improve interface design and social support for their companies, government agencies, and non-governmental organizations.
The Digital Divide Revisited Opportunity for all requires som.docxmehek4
The Digital Divide Revisited
"Opportunity for all requires something else today -- having access to a computer and knowing how to use it. That means we must close the digital divide between those who've got the tools and those who don't" (Clinton, 2000)
Even before President Clinton began a series of initiatives targeting the digital divide, the National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA) began surveying internet usage in the U.S., focusing on the "haves" versus the "have nots" as those terms referred to households or groups with access to computers and the internet. Although there is ongoing discussion about the ways and means of measuring the size of the gap, both in the U.S. and worldwide, generally the indicators of availability, access and utilization of Communications Technologies (ICTs) and the ICT Development Index (IDI)1 are used in research to determine the "gap between individuals, households, businesses and geographic areas at different socio-economic levels with regard both to their opportunities to access information and communication technologies and to their use of the Internet for a wide variety of activities” (Understanding the Digital Divide, 2001).
1 The ICT Development Index (IDI) is an index published by the United Nations International Telecommunication Union based on internationally agreed information and communication technologies (ICT) indicators.
The 2014 IDI report lists the United States as ranking 14th among 166 countries surveyed (up from 17th in 2012) (International Telecommunication Union, 2015). What are some of the indicators that are used to assess availability, access, and utilization of the internet? In a research study completed at the School of Business, University of Redlands (Pick, Sarkar, & Johnson, 2015), three areas of concentration are identified. First are the demographic factors. As might be expected, urban locations have the heaviest concentration of broadband access (high speed internet access) and mobile phone availability. Individual internet use in metropolitan areas varies along racial and ethnic lines. Rural residents are significantly less likely to access the Internet than urban and suburban residents. Housing density and people's socializing interactions also impact internet usage. We will discuss the impact of socializing factors later.
Second, economic factors, that is, income has been a significant factor in providing access to computers and in internet usage. Employment in professional jobs and in service industries is strongly associated with technology availability and use.
Third, the level of educational attainment certainly seems to impact both access to and use of the internet. It seems somewhat intuitive to say that the more educated a person, the better understanding that person has of technology and how to use it. In summary,
younger, white, better educated, more affluent, employed, urban and suburban Americans remain more likely to access the I ...
In this session, we talk about the mobile and social web, and how it shapes economy, individual behavior and well-being, political events, and society as a whole.
Social Networking And Hiv Aids Communications 01pete cranston
Presentation at the IAMCR conference on Social Networking and AIDS Communications by Pete Cranston. Commissioned by Communications and Social Change Consortium (www.cfsc.org) for AIDS2031 (www.aids2031.org)
Including the Excluded Can ICTs empower poor communities? Towards an alternat...Soren Gigler
nder which conditions can information and communications technologies (ICTs) empower poor communities? This paper investigates this question, focusing on the role of information and communications technologies in promoting indigenous people's development in Latin America. First, the paper analyzes key factors under which information and knowledge can be instrumental and substantive for the empowerment of marginalized groups. Hereby, we argue that improved access to information and ICT skills, similar to the enhancement of a person's writing and reading skills, can enhance poor peoples' capabilities to make strategic life choices and to achieve the lifestyle they value. Furthermore, the paper develops an alternative evaluation framework for ICT interventions based on Sen's capability approach. This framework places, in contrast to the current discourse around the "digital divide", the human development of the poor and not technology at the center of the analysis. The paper concludes that there does not exist a direct and causal relationship between ICTs and empowerment, but that in fact this relationship is being shaped by a dynamic, multi-dimensional interrelationship between technology and the social context.
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1. Disabled Dissent Goes Online:
The Case of Opposition Groups
to Disability Welfare Cuts in
the UK
Filippo Trevisan
f.trevisan.1@research.gla.ac.uk
www.filippotrevisan.net
05 December 2011
2. Overview:
2010/11: The birth of online disability activism?
New media, old problems: Disability/internet research so
far
Exploring the “far side” of disability/internet: A three-step
research strategy
Case study: online disability opposition to disability
welfare cuts
3.
4. Theoretical enthusiasm vs. Research
focus
Early theorists of the social model hypothesise a positive relationship
between Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) and the
emancipation of disabled people:
For Vic Finkelstein (1980), technological development will contribute to a
future world in which “impaired persons will […] no longer be oppressed by
disabling social conventions and disabling environments but will be
absorbed in the mainstream of social interactions” (p. 37).
BUT:
Research to date: dominance of the access/-ibility frame and the internet
as a new source of exclusion for disabled people (Ellis and Kent, 2011;
Goggin and Newell, 2003 & 2007; Dobranski and Hargittai, 2006; Ellcessor,
2010)
5. Internet usage amongst disabled
people in the UK (1)
(Source: Oxford Internet Surveys, 2011: 18)
6. Internet usage amongst disabled
people in the UK (2):
According to Office for Disability Issues, in 2008 an estimate
42% of disabled people in the UK could be considered to be
regular internet users (Williams et al., 2008)
OfCom 2009 Customer Satisfaction report: slight differences in
internet usage amongst people with different impairments
(visual, hearing, mobility).
According to the Pew Internet and American Life Project, 54%
of disabled Americans are currently internet users compared to
81% non disabled people (Fox, 2011)
Key for future research: focus on experience of disabled users
7. The Far Side of Disability/Internet: New
Areas Worth Exploring
Interpersonal, un-mediated relationships (Anderberg and Jönsson,
2005; Seymour and Lupton, 2004)
Peer-support and positive effects on self-esteem and personal growth
(Obst and Stafurik, 2010)
Blogs and discussion boards as “spaces” for alternative, un-filtered
representations of disability (Thoreau, 2006; Goggin and Nooan, 2007)
Participatory platforms hold positive potential against exclusionary
barriers
Are such benefits also extending/-able to the domain of politics?
What parts of the online realm should researchers focus on to find
out?
8. What disabled users say:
“I don’t think anybody sees it as a luxury; it is,
literally, a lifeline.”
(Interview with disabled blogger and campaigner, July 2011)
9. A three-step research strategy:
Issue
1
selection
Identification of key online spaces and “players”,
2
categorisation, selection of in-depth case studies
Data collection and in-depth analysis:
3
focus on interactivity
10. Issue Selection: Google Insights
for Search
DLA consultation results released
Government Spending Review
WRB Introduced to the Lords
DLA Consultation Closes
Emergency Budget
Hardest Hit March
DLA Consultation Opens
11. 3 Types of Online Actors:
Formal Organisations Coalition: The Hardest Hit
(www.thehardesthit.org.uk)
Digitized Activists: Disabled People Against Cuts
(www.dpac.uk.net)
Digital Action Networks: The Broken of Britain
(www.thebrokenofbritain.org)
12. What do they use digital media
for?
“War” against the mass
media: de-bunk myths
and stereotypes
Build consensus, Influence
engage disabled policy-making
users, gather and (both contentious &
“broadcast” Institutionalised
their voices political action)
13. 1 - Digital strategy survey: Assessing
interaction potential
14. 2 - Is such potential being realised?
The Broken of Britain’s Facebook wall
Who is talking?
Are the organisers actually engaging in dialogue with
“ordinary” users?
Are they talking politics, policy, both, or neither?
Is this just talk, or is political action also being promoted and
organised?
One week of content, 8-14 Sept. 2011 (inclusive), preliminary
observations rather than a representative sample
15. 2 - The Broken of Britain: An online
“hybrid”
Organisers have “monopoly” of conversation starters (90%) and
almost never participate in comment threads (3.6%)
Significant number of posts contains “personal stories” (16.2%)
mostly posted directly by disabled users (81.8%) and clustered
around political/policy topics
Traditional socio-economic citizenship frame supplemented by new
frames: political rights (16.3%); civil/human rights (12.4%); lack of
morality (25.6%).
Posts mentioning/soliciting action (14% of total) concentrate
overwhelmingly on individual action (50.1%)
A new type of moderate, self-advocacy player in disability politics: a
“permanent campaign” entirely generated and sustained online.
16. The Broken of Britain in their own
words:
“Shouting/screaming doesn't work. Explaining the reality of our lives
calmly & rationally does. People don't get to ask about disabled
people's lives. There's real desire to understand out there, but fear to
ask.”
(The Broken of Britain lead campaigner-1 on Twitter, Apr 2011)
“Factual and balanced evaluation and criticism are key social media
is invaluable in gaining supporters and shouldnt be underestimated.
The digital age has completely changed the nature of activism. If you
don't capitalise on it you get left behind. Older methods like demos
work but to reach a lot of people in a short time you need the web.”
(The Broken of Britain lead campaigner-2 on Twitter, Apr 2011)
17. Points to consider:
a. The role of catalyst issues as promoters of online participation
amongst disenfranchised and excluded groups
b. Disability welfare campaigns do relatively well in terms of interaction
potential
c. The Broken of Britain as digitally enabled addition to the landscape of
British disability activism: new leadership style and new “action”
repertoire
d. However, questions need to be asked re: accountability; legitimacy;
long-term sustainability
International comparison
Enhance user-generated content coding scheme (automated frame
detection)
f.trevisan.1@research.gla.ac.uk
