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Digital Activism: Relevance to Socially
   Excluded Communities in India
Context

• Digital activism - “all political and social forms of campaign that use
  digital network infrastructure” - mobile, internet and offline devices
• Characterised by speed, reliability, scale and low cost
• 1998 - first digitally enabled political mobilization against 29 yr
  regime of Omar Bongo in Gabon - Led by exiled Gabonese scholar
  Dr. Daniel Mengara 
• Arab Spring of 2011 - rooted in Kefaya movement of 2004 -
  created a generation of bloggers in Egypt giving voice to shared
  injustice, democracy, human rights 
• Occupy movement - the India Against Corruption campaign -
  Political relevance: the Obama presidential campaign / BJP / SP
• 52m active internet users in India (2009) - fastest growth in small
  towns - India MDG target of 100 pc internet access across villages
  by 2020

•
Problem Statement
• Digital tools for instigating critique, opposition and
  revolution - emails, text msg, social networks, videos used
  to mobilize opinion and action against perceived injustice 
• Yet social and economic factors restrict access to digital
  infrastructure - unequal access, unequal skills and
  censorship
• Internet and American Life Project of the Pew Research
  Center (2007): “Whether they take place on the Internet or
  off, traditional political activities remain the domain of
  those with high levels of income and education.” 
• Gaurav Mishra (June 2009) - Orkut has 1000 Brahmin
  groups in stark contrast to 200 for and by members of the
  Dalit caste - both are almost completely separate and
  divided
• Other sources point to untapped potential of digital media
  among traditionally excluded communities
• Center for American Progress (2010): 85 per cent of Latinos
  and African Americans owning mobile phones; 25 pc of
  Twitter users belong to the Africa American community
• Brian Solis (2009): Women form 57% of the membership
  across Facebook and Twitter - spend 16.3 per cent of their
  online time on social networking as opposed to men who
  spend 11.7 pc
• Katharine Bodrock (2010): ‘leap-frogging’ - poorer countries
  or communities can skip over stages in technology adoption
  and implement newer technologies that are light- weight,
  distributed, and ecologically sustainable – the challenge and
  opportunity for the ‘new new social movements’ of our time. 

•
Objectives

• to examine how digital activism is advancing
  strategies for rights based campaigning and
  advocacy in India 
• to understand whether digital technology is
  enabling traditionally excluded communities to
  strengthen their organising capacities and exert
  greater influence on public policy and resources
Proposed Methodology / Scope
• Lit Review - Challenge of available studies / reports in the
  Indian context - studies and analysis available in other parts
  of the world and relate the same to Indian context - Possible
  focus on comparative experience of BRICS / MICs in relation
  to similar indicators of growth, access and inequality
• Qualitative Method - Case study - Study patterns of
  mobilization and advocacy in context of a dalit / women's
  movement in India and relevance of digital technologies in
  the same - AND/ OR - 
• Quantitative Method - Listing of digital advocacy
  organisations in India - Stratified sampling of members
  across one or more organisation - Profile of members, issues
  raised and public impact - relevance to socially excluded
  communities

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Digital Activism: Relevance to Socially Excluded Communities in India

  • 1. Digital Activism: Relevance to Socially Excluded Communities in India
  • 2. Context • Digital activism - “all political and social forms of campaign that use digital network infrastructure” - mobile, internet and offline devices • Characterised by speed, reliability, scale and low cost • 1998 - first digitally enabled political mobilization against 29 yr regime of Omar Bongo in Gabon - Led by exiled Gabonese scholar Dr. Daniel Mengara • Arab Spring of 2011 - rooted in Kefaya movement of 2004 - created a generation of bloggers in Egypt giving voice to shared injustice, democracy, human rights • Occupy movement - the India Against Corruption campaign - Political relevance: the Obama presidential campaign / BJP / SP • 52m active internet users in India (2009) - fastest growth in small towns - India MDG target of 100 pc internet access across villages by 2020 •
  • 3. Problem Statement • Digital tools for instigating critique, opposition and revolution - emails, text msg, social networks, videos used to mobilize opinion and action against perceived injustice • Yet social and economic factors restrict access to digital infrastructure - unequal access, unequal skills and censorship • Internet and American Life Project of the Pew Research Center (2007): “Whether they take place on the Internet or off, traditional political activities remain the domain of those with high levels of income and education.” • Gaurav Mishra (June 2009) - Orkut has 1000 Brahmin groups in stark contrast to 200 for and by members of the Dalit caste - both are almost completely separate and divided
  • 4. • Other sources point to untapped potential of digital media among traditionally excluded communities • Center for American Progress (2010): 85 per cent of Latinos and African Americans owning mobile phones; 25 pc of Twitter users belong to the Africa American community • Brian Solis (2009): Women form 57% of the membership across Facebook and Twitter - spend 16.3 per cent of their online time on social networking as opposed to men who spend 11.7 pc • Katharine Bodrock (2010): ‘leap-frogging’ - poorer countries or communities can skip over stages in technology adoption and implement newer technologies that are light- weight, distributed, and ecologically sustainable – the challenge and opportunity for the ‘new new social movements’ of our time. •
  • 5. Objectives • to examine how digital activism is advancing strategies for rights based campaigning and advocacy in India • to understand whether digital technology is enabling traditionally excluded communities to strengthen their organising capacities and exert greater influence on public policy and resources
  • 6. Proposed Methodology / Scope • Lit Review - Challenge of available studies / reports in the Indian context - studies and analysis available in other parts of the world and relate the same to Indian context - Possible focus on comparative experience of BRICS / MICs in relation to similar indicators of growth, access and inequality • Qualitative Method - Case study - Study patterns of mobilization and advocacy in context of a dalit / women's movement in India and relevance of digital technologies in the same - AND/ OR - • Quantitative Method - Listing of digital advocacy organisations in India - Stratified sampling of members across one or more organisation - Profile of members, issues raised and public impact - relevance to socially excluded communities