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Direct Manipulation
Versus Agents: Paths
to Predictable,
Controllable, and
Comprehensible
Interfaces
By: Aryan Rathore
Head Of Aryan Dell Corporation Jaipur
Aryan Computer Organization Jaipur
Mob:- 8560089002
• Cautious optimism expressed, Shneiderman, a
longtime advocate of direct manipulation, is
troubled by the concept of intelligent
interfaces in general.
• First, such a classification limits the
imagination
• Second, the quality of predictability and
control are desirable
• Users will have a reduced sense of
responsibility for failures…
• Machines are not people
Shneiderman observes that agent proponents have not
come up with good definitions of what is and is not an
agent.
• Is a compiler an agent?
• How about an optimizing compiler?
• Is a database query an agent?
• Is the print monitor an agent?
• Is e-mail delivered by an agent?
• Is a VCR scheduler an agent?”
• His examination of the literature reveals six
major elements of the agent approach:
• Anthropomorphic presentation,
• Adaptive behavior,
• Acceptance of vague goal specification,
• Gives you what you need,
• Works while you don’t,
• and works where you aren’t
• The alternative to a vision of computers as
intelligent machines is that of predictable and
controllable user interfaces, based on direct
manipulation of representations of familiar
objects.
His examples
(tree maps and dynamic queries)
• Informative and continuous feedback,
• Meaningful control panels,
• Appropriate preference boxes,
• User-selectable toolbars,
• Rapid menu selection,
• Easy-to-create macros,
• and comprehensible shortcuts.
He argues, rather than vague visions of intelligent
machines, these will allow users to specify computer
actions rapidly, accurately, and confidently.

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Direct manipulation versus agents predictables

  • 1. Direct Manipulation Versus Agents: Paths to Predictable, Controllable, and Comprehensible Interfaces By: Aryan Rathore Head Of Aryan Dell Corporation Jaipur Aryan Computer Organization Jaipur Mob:- 8560089002
  • 2. • Cautious optimism expressed, Shneiderman, a longtime advocate of direct manipulation, is troubled by the concept of intelligent interfaces in general.
  • 3. • First, such a classification limits the imagination • Second, the quality of predictability and control are desirable • Users will have a reduced sense of responsibility for failures… • Machines are not people
  • 4. Shneiderman observes that agent proponents have not come up with good definitions of what is and is not an agent. • Is a compiler an agent? • How about an optimizing compiler? • Is a database query an agent? • Is the print monitor an agent? • Is e-mail delivered by an agent? • Is a VCR scheduler an agent?”
  • 5. • His examination of the literature reveals six major elements of the agent approach: • Anthropomorphic presentation, • Adaptive behavior, • Acceptance of vague goal specification, • Gives you what you need, • Works while you don’t, • and works where you aren’t
  • 6. • The alternative to a vision of computers as intelligent machines is that of predictable and controllable user interfaces, based on direct manipulation of representations of familiar objects.
  • 7. His examples (tree maps and dynamic queries) • Informative and continuous feedback, • Meaningful control panels, • Appropriate preference boxes, • User-selectable toolbars, • Rapid menu selection, • Easy-to-create macros, • and comprehensible shortcuts.
  • 8. He argues, rather than vague visions of intelligent machines, these will allow users to specify computer actions rapidly, accurately, and confidently.

Editor's Notes

  1. Anthropomorphic:Having human characteristics