1. Variations in production processes mean that actual part dimensions differ from specifications, so designers must define tolerances for dimensions, geometry, and surface roughness.
2. Fits are classified as clearance, transition, or interference and specified using ISO tolerance grades and zones to ensure proper assembly function.
3. Gauges are used to check parts during inspection and ensure dimensions and tolerances are met for correct assembly.
GD&T stands for Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing, as defined by ASME Y14.5.Geometric tolerancing, is an exact language that enables designers to “say what they mean” on a drawing, thus improving product designs.
Production uses the language to interpret the design intent, and Inspection looks to the language to determine set up.
GD&T is a method for stating and interpreting mechanical engineering design requirements. GD&T is a very useful & efficient tool to make engineering drawings a better means of communication from design through manufacturing and inspection.
GD&T: An International Language & and an Exact Language that provides Uniformity.
GD&T stands for Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing, as defined by ASME Y14.5.Geometric tolerancing, is an exact language that enables designers to “say what they mean” on a drawing, thus improving product designs.
Production uses the language to interpret the design intent, and Inspection looks to the language to determine set up.
GD&T is a method for stating and interpreting mechanical engineering design requirements. GD&T is a very useful & efficient tool to make engineering drawings a better means of communication from design through manufacturing and inspection.
GD&T: An International Language & and an Exact Language that provides Uniformity.
Competition Gurukul Provides the best Coaching for the BBA, BMS,BBS Entrance ...COMPETITION GURUKUL
We Provide the best Coaching through the
well Qualified and Specialized Faculty for BBA, BMS, BBS
Entrance Exams. Our main focus is on concept Clearing with
tricky approach to get Success in the Entrance Exams with the
little efforts of the candidates & Maximum efforts of our faculty.
Lecture # 03 Design for Additive ManufacturingSolomon Tekeste
Design for Additive Manufacturing (DfAM)
DfAM - A generic term used to describe rules and parameters for a part design to be produced with an AM process
DfAM - is the practice of designing products to reduce or minimize manufacturing and assembly difficulties and costs,
DfAM aims
To take advantages of the unique AM technologies capabilities to design and optimize a product/component,
To utilize the characteristics of AM methods to improve the product/component functions according to the capability of the selected AM process.
In doing so, the designers should tailor their designs to maximize the advantages of AM methods, such as complex geometries and lightweight
Design Aspect and Design Consideration in AM
Design aspect
Any particular feature which can be quantified at the design phase.
Includes;
Geometric features of the part’s shape (overhangs, bores, channels, etc.)
Part’s programming parameters (layer thickness, orientation, etc.).
Design consideration
The result on the manufactured part
Specific properties of the process and quantified with certain key performance indicators.
These includes; surface roughness, accuracy, build time, etc.
Design Aspect and Design Consideration in AM
With conventional manufacturing processes, these aspects are mostly a concern for the production engineer rather than for the designer;
But, the significance of these aspects is high for the outcome in AM technologies.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
More Related Content
Similar to Dimensions, fits and tolerances for assembly
Competition Gurukul Provides the best Coaching for the BBA, BMS,BBS Entrance ...COMPETITION GURUKUL
We Provide the best Coaching through the
well Qualified and Specialized Faculty for BBA, BMS, BBS
Entrance Exams. Our main focus is on concept Clearing with
tricky approach to get Success in the Entrance Exams with the
little efforts of the candidates & Maximum efforts of our faculty.
Lecture # 03 Design for Additive ManufacturingSolomon Tekeste
Design for Additive Manufacturing (DfAM)
DfAM - A generic term used to describe rules and parameters for a part design to be produced with an AM process
DfAM - is the practice of designing products to reduce or minimize manufacturing and assembly difficulties and costs,
DfAM aims
To take advantages of the unique AM technologies capabilities to design and optimize a product/component,
To utilize the characteristics of AM methods to improve the product/component functions according to the capability of the selected AM process.
In doing so, the designers should tailor their designs to maximize the advantages of AM methods, such as complex geometries and lightweight
Design Aspect and Design Consideration in AM
Design aspect
Any particular feature which can be quantified at the design phase.
Includes;
Geometric features of the part’s shape (overhangs, bores, channels, etc.)
Part’s programming parameters (layer thickness, orientation, etc.).
Design consideration
The result on the manufactured part
Specific properties of the process and quantified with certain key performance indicators.
These includes; surface roughness, accuracy, build time, etc.
Design Aspect and Design Consideration in AM
With conventional manufacturing processes, these aspects are mostly a concern for the production engineer rather than for the designer;
But, the significance of these aspects is high for the outcome in AM technologies.
Similar to Dimensions, fits and tolerances for assembly (20)
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
NO1 Uk best vashikaran specialist in delhi vashikaran baba near me online vas...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
Contact with Dawood Bhai Just call on +92322-6382012 and we'll help you. We'll solve all your problems within 12 to 24 hours and with 101% guarantee and with astrology systematic. If you want to take any personal or professional advice then also you can call us on +92322-6382012 , ONLINE LOVE PROBLEM & Other all types of Daily Life Problem's.Then CALL or WHATSAPP us on +92322-6382012 and Get all these problems solutions here by Amil Baba DAWOOD BANGALI
#vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore#blackmagicformarriage #aamilbaba #kalajadu #kalailam #taweez #wazifaexpert #jadumantar #vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore #blackmagicforlove #blackmagicformarriage #aamilbaba #kalajadu #kalailam #taweez #wazifaexpert #jadumantar #vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore #Amilbabainuk #amilbabainspain #amilbabaindubai #Amilbabainnorway #amilbabainkrachi #amilbabainlahore #amilbabaingujranwalan #amilbabainislamabad
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)
Dimensions, fits and tolerances for assembly
1. PEMP
PDN 505
1
SudhindraMSRSAS
M.S Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies - Bangalore
Lecture delivered by
Prof. M. N. Sudhindra Kumar
Professor MSRSAS-Bangalore
Session 10
Dimensions, Fits and Tolerances for
Assembly
2. PEMP
PDN 505
2
SudhindraMSRSAS
M.S Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies - Bangalore
Variations in Production
• It is necessary that the dimensions, shape and mutual
position of surfaces of individual parts of mechanical
engineering products are kept within a certain accuracy to
achieve their correct and reliable functioning.
• Production processes do not maintain dimensions,
geometrical properties and surface roughness with absolute
accuracy.
• Actual surfaces of the produced parts therefore differ from
ideal surfaces prescribed in the part models
3. PEMP
PDN 505
3
SudhindraMSRSAS
M.S Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies - Bangalore
Variations in Production
• Limits for dimensions, geometric properties and surface
roughness are therefore to be specified by designers to
ensure correct functioning of engineering products.
• The part accuracy is decided based on the functionality of
the product and economy of production, and ensured by the
manufacturing processes and inspection methods used
4. PEMP
PDN 505
4
SudhindraMSRSAS
M.S Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies - Bangalore
Variations in Production
Variations of actual surfaces are divided into three groups to
enable specification and measurement of inaccuracies
during production:
• Dimensional variations
• Variations in Geometric Properties
• Surface roughness variations
5. PEMP
PDN 505
5
SudhindraMSRSAS
M.S Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies - Bangalore
Variations in Production
• Variations in dimensions, geometric properties and surface
roughness are a result of the inaccuracies of the
manufacturing process, tooling and machine -
- sheet metal process, tool and machine;
- machining process, tool and machine;
- casting or moulding process, tool and machine
• Dimensional and geometric property tolerances, and surface
roughness tolerances are to be provided by the designer
keeping in mind the functional requirement of the part and
also on the limitations of the manufacturing process, tooling
and machine used, and the planned cost of the part.
6. PEMP
PDN 505
6
SudhindraMSRSAS
M.S Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies - Bangalore
Variations in Production
• Parts modelled on 3D software contain features with basic
dimensions.
• Critical dimensional tolerances , geometric properties and
surface roughness tolerances have to be specified in 2D
drawings
• These are functional requirements of the design and are
required for tool development, process control and part
inspection
• The Designer should understand the ISO system for
specifying these tolerances, and should be able to specify
appropriate tolerances in the drawings to meet the intended
functional requirements
7. PEMP
PDN 505
7
SudhindraMSRSAS
M.S Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies - Bangalore
Assembly of parts and Fits
• Designs require Assembly of two parts to provide a Fit
which performs an intended function – location or
movement with respect to each other.
• Fits can be classified as
- clearances fit
- transition fit
- interference fit
• ISO has specified a system of Tolerance Grades and
Tolerance Zones for Holes and Shafts which are used for
specifying component tolerances to obtain the desired fit on
assembly
9. PEMP
PDN 505
9
SudhindraMSRSAS
M.S Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies - Bangalore
Types of Fits
• A – clearance fit
• B – transition fit
• C – interference fit
10. PEMP
PDN 505
10
SudhindraMSRSAS
M.S Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies - Bangalore
Dimensional Tolerances
• The tolerance of a dimension is defined as the difference
between the upper and lower limit dimensions of the part.
• In order to meet the requirements of various production
branches for accuracy of the product, the ISO system
specifies 20 Tolerance Grades
• Each tolerance Grade on this system is marked "IT" with
attached grade of accuracy (IT01, IT0, IT1 ... IT16).
11. PEMP
PDN 505
11
SudhindraMSRSAS
M.S Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies - Bangalore
ISO Tolerance Grades
• IT01 to IT6
For production of gauges and measuring instruments
• IT5 to IT12
For fits in precision and general engineering
• IT11 to IT16
For specification of limit deviations of non-tolerated dimensions
12. PEMP
PDN 505
12
SudhindraMSRSAS
M.S Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies - Bangalore
Tolerance Grades obtainable from
Manufacturing Processes
Tolerence grades and Tolerance values in microns
for hole manufacturing processes
diameter fine boring int grinding boring boring drilling drilling
steps reaming reaming reaming reaming slot milling punching
honing broaching
H6 H7 H8 H9 H10 H11
upto 3 6 10 14 25 40 60
3 to 6 8 12 18 30 48 75
6 to 10 9 15 22 36 58 90
10 to 18 11 18 27 43 70 110
18 to 30 13 21 33 52 84 130
30 to 50 16 25 39 62 100 160
13. PEMP
PDN 505
13
SudhindraMSRSAS
M.S Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies - Bangalore
ISO Tolerance Zones
• The tolerance zone is defined as a spherical zone limited by
the upper and lower limit dimensions of the part.
• It is determined by the amount of the tolerance and its
position related to the basic size.
• The position of the tolerance zone, related to the basic size
is called the basic deviation.
• ISO defines 28 classes of basic deviations for holes. These
classes are marked by capital letters (A, B, C, ... ZC).
• The tolerance zone for the specified dimensions is prescribed
in the drawing by a tolerance mark, which consists of a letter
marking of the basic deviation and a numerical marking of
the tolerance grade (e.g. H7, H8, D5, etc.).
14. PEMP
PDN 505
14
SudhindraMSRSAS
M.S Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies - Bangalore
ISO Tolerance Zones
• ISO defines 28 classes of basic deviations for shafts. These
classes are marked by lower case letters (a, b, c, ... zc).
• The tolerance zone for the specified dimensions is prescribed
in the drawing by a tolerance mark, which consists of a letter
marking of the basic deviation and a numerical marking of
the tolerance grade (e.g. h7, h6, g5, etc.).
25. PEMP
PDN 505
25
SudhindraMSRSAS
M.S Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies - Bangalore
Geometric Tolerances obtainable from
manufacturing Processes
• Table on 3.11 of PSG Design Data Book
28. PEMP
PDN 505
28
SudhindraMSRSAS
M.S Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies - Bangalore
Gauging
• Gauges are limit checking devices used for Go-No Go
inspection of components during mass production
• The Go Gauge checks the maximum material condition and
is designed to check dimension as well as geometry over its
useful length
• No Go Gauge checks the minimum material condition and is
designed to check only dimension at any point over its
length
29. PEMP
PDN 505
29
SudhindraMSRSAS
M.S Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies - Bangalore
Plug Gauge
• For a Hole, the Go Gauge checks the minimum diameter and
the No Go Gauge checks the maximum diameter.
• Holes which are within the specified tolerance will permit
entry of the Go Gauge but will not permit entry of the No Go
Gauge
• The type of Gauge used is Plug Gauge
30. PEMP
PDN 505
30
SudhindraMSRSAS
M.S Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies - Bangalore
Ring Gauge/Snap Gauge
• For a Shaft, the Go Gauge checks the maximum diameter
and the No Go Gauge checks the minimum diameter.
• Shafts which are within the specified tolerance will enter the
Go Gauge but not enter the No Go Gauge
• The type of gauges used is Ring Gauge and Snap Gauge
34. PEMP
PDN 505
34
SudhindraMSRSAS
M.S Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies - Bangalore
Summary
• Parts made in production have an inherent variation in
dimensions, geometric properties and surface finish due to
variations in the materials and manufacturing equipment
used
• Dimensions, fits and tolerances are therefore to be provided
in all manufacturing drawings in addition to the 3D part
models
• Parts and assemblies need to be made and checked with
limit gauging to confirm that they meet design requirements
with respect to assembly product performance, reliability,
servicability and life
