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Dimensões tecnopolíticas e
econômicas da comunicação
científica em transformação
Andre L Appel
Doutorando, PPGCI – IBICT/UFRJ
alappel@gmail.com @AndreLAppel 0000-0002-9608-803X
Sarita Albagli
Pesquisadora, IBICT
sarita.albagli@gmail.com @SaritaAl 0000-0003-0030-8964
XIX Enancib @ Londrina, 24 Out 2018
Introdução
• Pontuar transformações ocorridas no
cenário da publicação científica,
delineando os desafios técnico-políticos e
econômicos daí decorrentes
• Revisão histórico-conceitual seguida de
análise teórico-documental de alternativas
em comunicação científica já
implementadas ou em discussão
Crise dos periódicos
• Serials crisis
• Association Of Research Libraries, EUA (1989)
• Marcia Tuttle, The Newsletter on Serial Pricing
Issues, EUA (1989 – 2001) –
http://webdoc.sub.gwdg.de/edoc/aw/nspi/
1990
1998
www.scielo.br
1991
www.arxiv.org
1993
www.bioline.org.br
Iniciativas
pioneiras de
reação
1999 ~ 2002
“Publishing your research the way you need it”
“We are still building. This pilot site will tell you what we are doing and
will let you use some of the new tools we are developing. Please look
around and tell us what you think...”
“There are many degrees and kinds of wider and easier access to this literature. By "open access" to this
literature, we mean its free availability on the public internet, permitting any users to read, download, copy,
distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of these articles, crawl them for indexing, pass them as data to
software, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without financial, legal, or technical barriers other than
those inseparable from gaining access to the internet itself. The only constraint on reproduction and
distribution, and the only role for copyright in this domain, should be to give authors control over the integrity
of their work and the right to be properly acknowledged and cited.”
http://www.budapestopenaccessinitiative.org/read
https://web.archive.org/web/*/www.biomedcentral.com
https://web.archive.org/web/*/www.plos.org
Harnad et al. (2004). The green and the gold
roads to Open Access. Nature Web Focus,
http://www.nature.com/nature/focus/accessdebate
/21.html
Harnad et al. (2004). The Access/ Impact
Problem and the Green and Gold Roads to
Open Access. Serials Review, 30(4),
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.serrev.2004.09.013
Green Road
Green Open Access
Via Verde
Gold Road
Gold Open Access
Via Dourada
Auto-
depósito
Periódicos
Peer-review
Author-pay
+11k Periódicos Gold OA ~4k OA Institutional Repositories
https://twitter.com/jeroenbosman/status/1052488236004765697
http://www.prepubmed.org/
“Predatory” journals
Acesso Aberto como “modelo de
negocio”:
– Bronze – APC
– Black – Híbrido (?!)
– Diamante – ...
Article Processing Charges – APC
– Nature Communications US$ 5.200
– Cell Reports US$ 5.000
Superamos a crise?
Larivière, V., Haustein, S., & Mongeon, P. (2015). The Oligopoly of Academic Publishers in the Digital Era. PLOS ONE, 10(6),
e0127502. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0127502
Natural and Medical Sciences Social Sciences and Humanities
Publishers oligopoly – Top 5 sharers of published articles per discipline (1973–2013):
Reed-Elsevier (UK/NL), Wiley-Blackwell (US), Springer-Nature (DE/UK), Taylor & Francis (UK)
e Wolters Kluwer (NL)
Superamos a crise?
Grupo / Publisher Receita 2016
milhões
Receita 2016
milhões US$*
Informa PLC........................................... GBP £ 1,345 1,750
Taylor & Francis............................... GBP £ 490 637
RELX Group.......................................... GBP £ 6,895 8,975
Reed-Elsevier.................................. GBP £ 2,320 3,020
Springer Nature...................................... EUR € 1,624 1,872
Wiley-Blackwell...................................... USD $ 1,727 1,727
Wolters Kluwer....................................... EUR € 4,297 4,946
* Cotação 18/10/2018.
Informa PLC. (2017). Results for 12 Months to 31 December 2016. Informa PLC. http://informa.com/Documents/Investor
Relations/2017/Informa 2016 Full Year Results Statement.pdf
John Wiley & Sons Inc. (2016). Wiley Reports Fourth Quarter and Fiscal Year 2016 Results.
http://www.wiley.com/WileyCDA/PressRelease/pressReleaseId-126182.html
RELX Group. (2016). Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2016. https://www.relx.com/investors/annual-reports/2016
Springer Nature. (2016). Springer SBM Zero GmbH, Berlin: Consolidated Financial Statements as at 31 December 2016 .
http://www.equitystory.com/Download/Companies/springernature/Annual%20Reports/2016_FinancialReportandAuditorOpinion_En.pdf
Wolters Kluwer. (2016). Annual report: 2016. https://wolterskluwer.com/binaries/content/assets/wk/pdf/investors/annual-reports/wolters-
kluwer_2016_annual_report.pdf
Superamos a crise?
Big publishers e infraestrutura
acadêmica: Elsevier
Posada, A., & Chen, G. (2018). Inequality in Knowledge Production: The Integration of
Academic Infrastructure by Big Publishers. In 22nd International Conference on Electronic
Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4000/proceedings.elpub.2018.30
Big publishers e infraestrutura
acadêmica: Elsevier
Posada, A., & Chen, G. (2018). Inequality in Knowledge Production: The Integration of
Academic Infrastructure by Big Publishers. In 22nd International Conference on Electronic
Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4000/proceedings.elpub.2018.30
Big publishers e infraestrutura
acadêmica: Wiley
Posada, A., & Chen, G. (2018). Inequality in Knowledge Production: The Integration of
Academic Infrastructure by Big Publishers. In 22nd International Conference on Electronic
Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4000/proceedings.elpub.2018.30
Big publishers e infraestrutura
acadêmica: consequências
The Knowledge Gap: Geopolitics of Academic Production. http://knowledgegap.org/
Posada, A., & Chen, G. (2018). Inequality in Knowledge Production: The Integration of Academic
Infrastructure by Big Publishers. In 22nd International Conference on Electronic Publishing. https://
doi.org/10.4000/proceedings.elpub.2018.30
• Dependência no plano individual
• Dependência no plano institucional
• Interferência no processo decisório individual
• Interferência na estratégia, planejamento das
instituições (inclusive sobre conteúdo e abordagens
metodológicas)
• Novas camadas de marginalização de atores e
conhecimentos do chamado Sul-Global
Horizonte
●
Multiplicidade de práticas e modelos de negócio
●
APC como ‘modelo de negócio’
●
Financiamento a longo prazo / sustentabilidade
●
Mega journals, ‘periódicos de luxo’ para ‘periódicos
populares’, economia de escala (não concretizada!,
Nassi-Calò, 2016)
●
Aderência às práticas da ciência aberta
●
Publicação contínua, registro do ciclo de pesquisa,
versionamento e organicidade
●
Descentralização
Desafios e considerações
●
Custo – produção, distribuição e acesso
●
Descentralização, autonomia e poder de decisão dos
autores
●
Formatos de publicação
●
Aberto versus ‘open washing’
●
Atendimento ao ciclo fundamental da comunicação científica:
registro, certificação, arquivamento, uso e compartilhamento
de resultados de pesquisa
●
Acesso Aberto e Ciência Aberta – mudança de cultura por
parte da comunidade científica
●
Emergência de uma nova economia política da comunicação
científica
Obrigado!
Este trabalho foi financiado com recursos da
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal
de Nível Superior (CAPES) – Bolsa de
Doutorado Demanda Social (DS), do Conselho
Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e
Tecnológico (CNPq) e da Fundação Carlos
Chagas de Apoio à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio
de Janeiro (Faperj).

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Dimensões tecnopolíticas e econômicas da comunicação científica em transformação

  • 1. Dimensões tecnopolíticas e econômicas da comunicação científica em transformação Andre L Appel Doutorando, PPGCI – IBICT/UFRJ alappel@gmail.com @AndreLAppel 0000-0002-9608-803X Sarita Albagli Pesquisadora, IBICT sarita.albagli@gmail.com @SaritaAl 0000-0003-0030-8964 XIX Enancib @ Londrina, 24 Out 2018
  • 2. Introdução • Pontuar transformações ocorridas no cenário da publicação científica, delineando os desafios técnico-políticos e econômicos daí decorrentes • Revisão histórico-conceitual seguida de análise teórico-documental de alternativas em comunicação científica já implementadas ou em discussão
  • 3. Crise dos periódicos • Serials crisis • Association Of Research Libraries, EUA (1989) • Marcia Tuttle, The Newsletter on Serial Pricing Issues, EUA (1989 – 2001) – http://webdoc.sub.gwdg.de/edoc/aw/nspi/
  • 5. 1999 ~ 2002 “Publishing your research the way you need it” “We are still building. This pilot site will tell you what we are doing and will let you use some of the new tools we are developing. Please look around and tell us what you think...” “There are many degrees and kinds of wider and easier access to this literature. By "open access" to this literature, we mean its free availability on the public internet, permitting any users to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of these articles, crawl them for indexing, pass them as data to software, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without financial, legal, or technical barriers other than those inseparable from gaining access to the internet itself. The only constraint on reproduction and distribution, and the only role for copyright in this domain, should be to give authors control over the integrity of their work and the right to be properly acknowledged and cited.” http://www.budapestopenaccessinitiative.org/read https://web.archive.org/web/*/www.biomedcentral.com https://web.archive.org/web/*/www.plos.org
  • 6. Harnad et al. (2004). The green and the gold roads to Open Access. Nature Web Focus, http://www.nature.com/nature/focus/accessdebate /21.html Harnad et al. (2004). The Access/ Impact Problem and the Green and Gold Roads to Open Access. Serials Review, 30(4), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.serrev.2004.09.013 Green Road Green Open Access Via Verde Gold Road Gold Open Access Via Dourada Auto- depósito Periódicos Peer-review Author-pay +11k Periódicos Gold OA ~4k OA Institutional Repositories https://twitter.com/jeroenbosman/status/1052488236004765697 http://www.prepubmed.org/
  • 7. “Predatory” journals Acesso Aberto como “modelo de negocio”: – Bronze – APC – Black – Híbrido (?!) – Diamante – ... Article Processing Charges – APC – Nature Communications US$ 5.200 – Cell Reports US$ 5.000 Superamos a crise?
  • 8. Larivière, V., Haustein, S., & Mongeon, P. (2015). The Oligopoly of Academic Publishers in the Digital Era. PLOS ONE, 10(6), e0127502. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0127502 Natural and Medical Sciences Social Sciences and Humanities Publishers oligopoly – Top 5 sharers of published articles per discipline (1973–2013): Reed-Elsevier (UK/NL), Wiley-Blackwell (US), Springer-Nature (DE/UK), Taylor & Francis (UK) e Wolters Kluwer (NL) Superamos a crise?
  • 9. Grupo / Publisher Receita 2016 milhões Receita 2016 milhões US$* Informa PLC........................................... GBP £ 1,345 1,750 Taylor & Francis............................... GBP £ 490 637 RELX Group.......................................... GBP £ 6,895 8,975 Reed-Elsevier.................................. GBP £ 2,320 3,020 Springer Nature...................................... EUR € 1,624 1,872 Wiley-Blackwell...................................... USD $ 1,727 1,727 Wolters Kluwer....................................... EUR € 4,297 4,946 * Cotação 18/10/2018. Informa PLC. (2017). Results for 12 Months to 31 December 2016. Informa PLC. http://informa.com/Documents/Investor Relations/2017/Informa 2016 Full Year Results Statement.pdf John Wiley & Sons Inc. (2016). Wiley Reports Fourth Quarter and Fiscal Year 2016 Results. http://www.wiley.com/WileyCDA/PressRelease/pressReleaseId-126182.html RELX Group. (2016). Annual Reports and Financial Statements 2016. https://www.relx.com/investors/annual-reports/2016 Springer Nature. (2016). Springer SBM Zero GmbH, Berlin: Consolidated Financial Statements as at 31 December 2016 . http://www.equitystory.com/Download/Companies/springernature/Annual%20Reports/2016_FinancialReportandAuditorOpinion_En.pdf Wolters Kluwer. (2016). Annual report: 2016. https://wolterskluwer.com/binaries/content/assets/wk/pdf/investors/annual-reports/wolters- kluwer_2016_annual_report.pdf Superamos a crise?
  • 10. Big publishers e infraestrutura acadêmica: Elsevier Posada, A., & Chen, G. (2018). Inequality in Knowledge Production: The Integration of Academic Infrastructure by Big Publishers. In 22nd International Conference on Electronic Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4000/proceedings.elpub.2018.30
  • 11. Big publishers e infraestrutura acadêmica: Elsevier Posada, A., & Chen, G. (2018). Inequality in Knowledge Production: The Integration of Academic Infrastructure by Big Publishers. In 22nd International Conference on Electronic Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4000/proceedings.elpub.2018.30
  • 12. Big publishers e infraestrutura acadêmica: Wiley Posada, A., & Chen, G. (2018). Inequality in Knowledge Production: The Integration of Academic Infrastructure by Big Publishers. In 22nd International Conference on Electronic Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4000/proceedings.elpub.2018.30
  • 13. Big publishers e infraestrutura acadêmica: consequências The Knowledge Gap: Geopolitics of Academic Production. http://knowledgegap.org/ Posada, A., & Chen, G. (2018). Inequality in Knowledge Production: The Integration of Academic Infrastructure by Big Publishers. In 22nd International Conference on Electronic Publishing. https:// doi.org/10.4000/proceedings.elpub.2018.30 • Dependência no plano individual • Dependência no plano institucional • Interferência no processo decisório individual • Interferência na estratégia, planejamento das instituições (inclusive sobre conteúdo e abordagens metodológicas) • Novas camadas de marginalização de atores e conhecimentos do chamado Sul-Global
  • 14. Horizonte ● Multiplicidade de práticas e modelos de negócio ● APC como ‘modelo de negócio’ ● Financiamento a longo prazo / sustentabilidade ● Mega journals, ‘periódicos de luxo’ para ‘periódicos populares’, economia de escala (não concretizada!, Nassi-Calò, 2016) ● Aderência às práticas da ciência aberta ● Publicação contínua, registro do ciclo de pesquisa, versionamento e organicidade ● Descentralização
  • 15. Desafios e considerações ● Custo – produção, distribuição e acesso ● Descentralização, autonomia e poder de decisão dos autores ● Formatos de publicação ● Aberto versus ‘open washing’ ● Atendimento ao ciclo fundamental da comunicação científica: registro, certificação, arquivamento, uso e compartilhamento de resultados de pesquisa ● Acesso Aberto e Ciência Aberta – mudança de cultura por parte da comunidade científica ● Emergência de uma nova economia política da comunicação científica
  • 16. Obrigado! Este trabalho foi financiado com recursos da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) – Bolsa de Doutorado Demanda Social (DS), do Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) e da Fundação Carlos Chagas de Apoio à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (Faperj).