Digital Advisory Services: Global Lessons in Scaling Up Solutions
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Presented by Ingrid Oliviera of GFRAS on 7 Nov 2023, at the ICTforAg 2023 Breakout Session, Scaling up digital co-creation for sustainable rice and livestock practices. In this session we shared innovations in the digital ecosystem that better enable farmer-driven decision making and are inclusive of smallholder farmers. We sought audience perspectives and their vision for further development. We advocated for the use of principles for social inclusion to guide the development of digital resources for scaling climate-informed, agroecological practices. Learn more about GFRAS: https://www.g-fras.org Learn more about the Agroecological TRANSITIONS Program's Inclusive Digital Tools project (ATDT): https://bit.ly/AgLEDxATDT ICTforAg: https://www.ictforag.com/
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Panelists assessed what more can be done digitally and how to sustain efforts through effective business models for co-design resources.
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Lighting Talks: Farmer Co-Design of climate change solutions presentations
These presentations were given at the GDDF 2022 Side Session: Farmer co-design of climate change solution, on May 5, 2022. The interactive session introduced the research of the new Agroecological TRANSITIONS Inclusive Digital Tools (ATDT) project.
Speakers Included:
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- Berta Ortiz, Alliance of Bioversity International and CIAT (e-Ushauri ("Advice" in Swahili): Two-way communication between farmers and experts)
- Stella Rodrigues, Agrotools (Traceability for low-emission beef)
- Katie Nelson, IIRRI-Hanoi (Sustainable Rice Platform: Certification)
In this interactive session, we explored how well digital solutions are enabling farmer co-design of solutions for climate change mitigation and resilience. We looked at types of options available and state-of-the-art innovations and explore options for best practices, and consider farmer-to-farmer exchange, information hubs accessible to farmers, and farmer-advisor linkages and trade-offs of non-digital options.
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Learn more: https://alliancebioversityciat.org/projects/inclusive-digital-tools-enable-climate-informed-agroecological-transitions-atdt
Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic ...
We characterize the earliest galaxy population in the JADES Origins Field (JOF), the deepest
imaging field observed with JWST. We make use of the ancillary Hubble optical images (5 filters
spanning 0.4−0.9µm) and novel JWST images with 14 filters spanning 0.8−5µm, including 7 mediumband filters, and reaching total exposure times of up to 46 hours per filter. We combine all our data
at > 2.3µm to construct an ultradeep image, reaching as deep as ≈ 31.4 AB mag in the stack and
30.3-31.0 AB mag (5σ, r = 0.1” circular aperture) in individual filters. We measure photometric
redshifts and use robust selection criteria to identify a sample of eight galaxy candidates at redshifts
z = 11.5 − 15. These objects show compact half-light radii of R1/2 ∼ 50 − 200pc, stellar masses of
M⋆ ∼ 107−108M⊙, and star-formation rates of SFR ∼ 0.1−1 M⊙ yr−1
. Our search finds no candidates
at 15 < z < 20, placing upper limits at these redshifts. We develop a forward modeling approach to
infer the properties of the evolving luminosity function without binning in redshift or luminosity that
marginalizes over the photometric redshift uncertainty of our candidate galaxies and incorporates the
impact of non-detections. We find a z = 12 luminosity function in good agreement with prior results,
and that the luminosity function normalization and UV luminosity density decline by a factor of ∼ 2.5
from z = 12 to z = 14. We discuss the possible implications of our results in the context of theoretical
models for evolution of the dark matter halo mass function.
Citrus Greening Disease and its Management
Citrus Greening was one of the major causes of decline in the citrus production. So, effective management cultural practices should be incorporated
Cancer cell metabolism: special Reference to Lactate Pathway
Normal Cell Metabolism:
Cellular respiration describes the series of steps that cells use to break down sugar and other chemicals to get the energy we need to function.
Energy is stored in the bonds of glucose and when glucose is broken down, much of that energy is released.
Cell utilize energy in the form of ATP.
The first step of respiration is called glycolysis. In a series of steps, glycolysis breaks glucose into two smaller molecules - a chemical called pyruvate. A small amount of ATP is formed during this process.
Most healthy cells continue the breakdown in a second process, called the Kreb's cycle. The Kreb's cycle allows cells to “burn” the pyruvates made in glycolysis to get more ATP.
The last step in the breakdown of glucose is called oxidative phosphorylation (Ox-Phos).
It takes place in specialized cell structures called mitochondria. This process produces a large amount of ATP. Importantly, cells need oxygen to complete oxidative phosphorylation.
If a cell completes only glycolysis, only 2 molecules of ATP are made per glucose. However, if the cell completes the entire respiration process (glycolysis - Kreb's - oxidative phosphorylation), about 36 molecules of ATP are created, giving it much more energy to use.
IN CANCER CELL:
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
introduction to WARBERG PHENOMENA:
WARBURG EFFECT Usually, cancer cells are highly glycolytic (glucose addiction) and take up more glucose than do normal cells from outside.
Otto Heinrich Warburg (; 8 October 1883 – 1 August 1970) In 1931 was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology for his "discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme.
WARNBURG EFFECT : cancer cells under aerobic (well-oxygenated) conditions to metabolize glucose to lactate (aerobic glycolysis) is known as the Warburg effect. Warburg made the observation that tumor slices consume glucose and secrete lactate at a higher rate than normal tissues.
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Digital resources for inclusive climate change action in agriculture
"Digital resources for inclusive climate change action in agriculture" was presented at the Aim 4 Climate Summit in Washington, D.C., USA, May 2023, by Lini Wollenberg, Alliance of Bioversity & CIAT.
The presentation provided an overview of the Agroecological TRANSITIONS Programs' Inclusive Digital Tools Project (ATDT) and learnings from its first year of work. Prof Wollenberg describes the challenges to scalling digital tools for smallholder farmers and how the ATDT project plans to address the dearth of climate mitigation and agroecology information in digital tools.
Learn more about the TRANSITIONS Program and the ATDT project: https://bit.ly/AgLEDxATDT
TRANSITIONS: Agroecological Transitions Program for Building Resilient and In...
Presentation of the EU-IFAD Program on Agroecological Transitions for Building Resilient, Inclusive, Agricultural and Food Systems (TRANSITIONS) at the First Annual Members Forum of the Agroecology Transformation Partnership Platform (AE TPP) in February 2023. Matthias Geck of CIFOR-ICRAF and the TPP presented an overview of the program and the Metrics project, Ciniro Costa Jr. of the Alliance of Bioversity & CIAT shared insights from the Inclusive Digital Tools project's first year of work, and Jonathan Mockshell also of the Alliance of Bioversity & CIAT presented the goals of the private sector engagement project.
The TRANSITIONS Program aims to address these constraints by enabling climate-informed agroecological transitions by farmers in LMICs through the development and adoption of holistic metrics for food and agricultural systems performance, inclusive digital tools and transparent private sector engagement.
Learn more about the TRANSITIONS Program and the ATDT project: https://bit.ly/AgLEDxATDT
Best practices for digital tool inclusiveness & farmer co-creation of practices
Introduction presented by Lini Wollenberg, Alliance of Bioversity & CIAT and the University of Vermont, at the "Best practices for digital tool inclusiveness and farmer co-creation of practices with local stakeholders" workshop on 30 November 2022. The event was hosted by the Transformative Partnership Platform and the Alliance of Bioversity & CIAT.
In this informal expert workshop, the TRANSITIONS Inclusive Digital Tools (ATDT) project reviewed and received feedback from stakeholders and experts on proposed guidance for smallholder farmer’s inclusion and co-creation of farm practices for agroecology and climate change action. Invited participants included digital resource specialists, farmer-support organizations, and agroecology and climate change experts. In 2023, we will apply the principles with our action partners in Brazil and Vietnam to guide digital innovations. In the workshop we sought input to the relevance, coherence and usability of the proposed principles to guide future work.
More on the ATDT Project: https://bit.ly/InclusiveDTs
Principles for co-creation of best practices with farmers
Presented by Kyle M. Dittmer, Alliance of Bioversity & CIAT, at the "Best practices for digital tool inclusiveness and farmer co-creation of practices with local stakeholders" workshop on 30 November 2022. The event was hosted by the Transformative Partnership Platform and the Alliance of Bioversity & CIAT.
In this informal expert workshop, the TRANSITIONS Inclusive Digital Tools (ATDT) project reviewed and received feedback from stakeholders and experts on proposed guidance for smallholder farmer’s inclusion and co-creation of farm practices for agroecology and climate change action. Invited participants included digital resource specialists, farmer-support organizations, and agroecology and climate change experts. In 2023, we will apply the principles with our action partners in Brazil and Vietnam to guide digital innovations. In the workshop we sought input to the relevance, coherence and usability of the proposed principles to guide future work.
More on the ATDT Project: https://bit.ly/InclusiveDTs
Principles for co-creation of best practices with farmers: Stakeholder perspe...
Presented by Ciniro Costa Jr., Alliance of Bioversity & CIAT, at the "Best practices for digital tool inclusiveness and farmer co-creation of practices with local stakeholders" workshop on 30 November 2022.
In this informal expert workshop, the TRANSITIONS Inclusive Digital Tools (ATDT) project reviewed and received feedback from stakeholders and experts on proposed guidance for smallholder farmer’s inclusion and co-creation of farm practices for agroecology and climate change action. Invited participants included digital resource specialists, farmer-support organizations, and agroecology and climate change experts. In 2023, we will apply the principles with our action partners in Brazil and Vietnam to guide digital innovations. In the workshop we sought input to the relevance, coherence and usability of the proposed principles to guide future work.
More on the ATDT Project: https://bit.ly/InclusiveDTs
Civil society critiques of digital tools & agriculture: Through the lens of a...
Presented by Sadie Shelton, Alliance of Bioversity & CIAT and the University of Vermont, at the "Best practices for digital tool inclusiveness and farmer co-creation of practices with local stakeholders" workshop on 30 November 2022. The event was hosted by the Transformative Partnership Platform and the Alliance of Bioversity & CIAT.
In this informal expert workshop, the TRANSITIONS Inclusive Digital Tools (ATDT) project reviewed and received feedback from stakeholders and experts on proposed guidance for smallholder farmer’s inclusion and co-creation of farm practices for agroecology and climate change action. Invited participants included digital resource specialists, farmer-support organizations, and agroecology and climate change experts. In 2023, we will apply the principles with our action partners in Brazil and Vietnam to guide digital innovations. In the workshop we sought input to the relevance, coherence and usability of the proposed principles to guide future work.
More on the ATDT Project: https://bit.ly/InclusiveDTs
Livestock’s critical role in net-zero food systems
Presented by Lini Wollenberg, Alliance of Bioversity & CIAT and Gund Institute for Environment at the University of Vermont, on 10 November 2022 at COP27 in side event, "Livestock transitions: Global options and local realities for adaptation and mitigation."
Compensating farmers for ecosystem services: Lessons and an agenda for innova...
This presentation was given by Lini Wollenberg, Alliance of Bioversity & CIAT and the Gund Institute for Environment at the University of Vermont, on 11 November 2022 at COP27. The event, CompensACTION: Making compensation mechanisms work for small-scale agricultural producers, was hosted at the Food Systems Pavilion and organized by Clim-EAT.
The G7 Food Security Working Group believes that agricultural producers, especially smallholders in developing countries, should receive adequate compensation for their services. This means creating incentive systems that complement revenues from market prices with compensation for generating positive externalities.
Mitigating methane in livestock systems: Scaling up feed additives & evidence...
This presentation was given on May 18, 2022, by Sinead Waters, The Agriculture and Food Development Authority, Ireland, and the Livestock Research Group of the GRA.
The presentation was part of the "Scaling up feed additives & evidence for impacts" webinar, an Aim4Climate Ideation event.
This event is coordinated by The Alliance of Bioversity International and CIAT in partnership with:
• New Zealand Agricultural Greenhouse Gas Research Centre (NZAGRC)
• Global Research Alliance on Agricultural Greenhouse Gases (GRA)
• The Gund Institute for Environment at the University of Vermont
• Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC)
• United States Agency for International Development (USAID)
• Climate and Clean Air Coalition (CCAC)
• Aim4Climate, USDA
Evaluating the evidence for efficacy, and applicability of methane inhibiting...
This presentation was given on May 18, 2022, by Roger Hegarty, New Zealand Agricultural Greenhouse Gas Research Centre (NZAGRC).
The presentation was part of the "Scaling up feed additives & evidence for impacts" webinar, an Aim4Climate Ideation event.
This event is coordinated by The Alliance of Bioversity International and CIAT, in parternship with:
• New Zealand Agricultural Greenhouse Gas Research Centre (NZAGRC)
• Global Research Alliance on Agricultural Greenhouse Gases (GRA)
• The Gund Institute for Environment at the University of Vermont
• Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC)
• United States Agency for International Development (USAID)
• Climate and Clean Air Coalition (CCAC)
• Aim4Climate
Scaling good agricultural practices through business modelling
This presentation was given by Jaclyn Bolt (Digital Agri Hub Wageningen University & Research), at the GDDF 2022 Side Session: Farmer co-design of climate change solution, on May 5, 2022. The interactive session introduced the research of the new Agroecological TRANSITIONS Inclusive Digital Tools (ATDT) project.
In this interactive session, we explored how well digital solutions are enabling farmer co-design of solutions for climate change mitigation and resilience. We looked at types of options available and state-of-the-art innovations and explore options for best practices, and consider farmer-to-farmer exchange, information hubs accessible to farmers, and farmer-advisor linkages and trade-offs of non-digital options.
Panelists assessed what more can be done digitally and how to sustain efforts through effective business models for co-design resources.
Learn more: https://alliancebioversityciat.org/projects/inclusive-digital-tools-enable-climate-informed-agroecological-transitions-atdt
Exemplary co-design: Opportunities for digital support of climate change miti...
This presentation was given by Sessie Burns (Alliance of Bioversity International & CIAT), at the GDDF 2022 Side Session: Farmer co-design of climate change solution, on May 5, 2022. The interactive session introduced the research of the new Agroecological TRANSITIONS Inclusive Digital Tools (ATDT) project.
In this interactive session, we explored how well digital solutions are enabling farmer co-design of solutions for climate change mitigation and resilience. We looked at types of options available and state-of-the-art innovations and explore options for best practices, and consider farmer-to-farmer exchange, information hubs accessible to farmers, and farmer-advisor linkages and trade-offs of non-digital options.
Panelists will assess what more can be done digitally and how to sustain efforts through effective business models for co-design resources.
Learn more: https://alliancebioversityciat.org/projects/inclusive-digital-tools-enable-climate-informed-agroecological-transitions-atdt
Lighting Talks: Farmer Co-Design of climate change solutions presentations
These presentations were given at the GDDF 2022 Side Session: Farmer co-design of climate change solution, on May 5, 2022. The interactive session introduced the research of the new Agroecological TRANSITIONS Inclusive Digital Tools (ATDT) project.
Speakers Included:
- Sonja Vogt, University of Lausanne (AgriPath: Self-service v. Agent-enabled digital resources for local solutions)
- Berta Ortiz, Alliance of Bioversity International and CIAT (e-Ushauri ("Advice" in Swahili): Two-way communication between farmers and experts)
- Stella Rodrigues, Agrotools (Traceability for low-emission beef)
- Katie Nelson, IIRRI-Hanoi (Sustainable Rice Platform: Certification)
In this interactive session, we explored how well digital solutions are enabling farmer co-design of solutions for climate change mitigation and resilience. We looked at types of options available and state-of-the-art innovations and explore options for best practices, and consider farmer-to-farmer exchange, information hubs accessible to farmers, and farmer-advisor linkages and trade-offs of non-digital options.
Panelists will assess what more can be done digitally and how to sustain efforts through effective business models for co-design resources.
Learn more: https://alliancebioversityciat.org/projects/inclusive-digital-tools-enable-climate-informed-agroecological-transitions-atdt
More from Sadie W Shelton (16)
Digital resources for inclusive climate change action in agriculture (ATDT)
Digital resources for inclusive climate change action in agriculture (ATDT)
Climate Change Resilience and Agroecology: The Evidence
Climate Change Resilience and Agroecology: The Evidence
Livestock Carbon Project: the case in Colombia and MRV learnings to scale
Livestock Carbon Project: the case in Colombia and MRV learnings to scale
Digital resources for inclusive climate change action in agriculture
Digital resources for inclusive climate change action in agriculture
TRANSITIONS: Agroecological Transitions Program for Building Resilient and In...
TRANSITIONS: Agroecological Transitions Program for Building Resilient and In...
Best practices for digital tool inclusiveness & farmer co-creation of practices
Best practices for digital tool inclusiveness & farmer co-creation of practices
Principles for co-creation of best practices with farmers
Principles for co-creation of best practices with farmers
Principles for co-creation of best practices with farmers: Stakeholder perspe...
Principles for co-creation of best practices with farmers: Stakeholder perspe...
Civil society critiques of digital tools & agriculture: Through the lens of a...
Civil society critiques of digital tools & agriculture: Through the lens of a...
Livestock’s critical role in net-zero food systems
Livestock’s critical role in net-zero food systems
Compensating farmers for ecosystem services: Lessons and an agenda for innova...
Compensating farmers for ecosystem services: Lessons and an agenda for innova...
Mitigating methane in livestock systems: Scaling up feed additives & evidence...
Mitigating methane in livestock systems: Scaling up feed additives & evidence...
Evaluating the evidence for efficacy, and applicability of methane inhibiting...
Evaluating the evidence for efficacy, and applicability of methane inhibiting...
Scaling good agricultural practices through business modelling
Scaling good agricultural practices through business modelling
Exemplary co-design: Opportunities for digital support of climate change miti...
Exemplary co-design: Opportunities for digital support of climate change miti...
Lighting Talks: Farmer Co-Design of climate change solutions presentations
Lighting Talks: Farmer Co-Design of climate change solutions presentations
Recently uploaded
Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic ...
We characterize the earliest galaxy population in the JADES Origins Field (JOF), the deepest
imaging field observed with JWST. We make use of the ancillary Hubble optical images (5 filters
spanning 0.4−0.9µm) and novel JWST images with 14 filters spanning 0.8−5µm, including 7 mediumband filters, and reaching total exposure times of up to 46 hours per filter. We combine all our data
at > 2.3µm to construct an ultradeep image, reaching as deep as ≈ 31.4 AB mag in the stack and
30.3-31.0 AB mag (5σ, r = 0.1” circular aperture) in individual filters. We measure photometric
redshifts and use robust selection criteria to identify a sample of eight galaxy candidates at redshifts
z = 11.5 − 15. These objects show compact half-light radii of R1/2 ∼ 50 − 200pc, stellar masses of
M⋆ ∼ 107−108M⊙, and star-formation rates of SFR ∼ 0.1−1 M⊙ yr−1
. Our search finds no candidates
at 15 < z < 20, placing upper limits at these redshifts. We develop a forward modeling approach to
infer the properties of the evolving luminosity function without binning in redshift or luminosity that
marginalizes over the photometric redshift uncertainty of our candidate galaxies and incorporates the
impact of non-detections. We find a z = 12 luminosity function in good agreement with prior results,
and that the luminosity function normalization and UV luminosity density decline by a factor of ∼ 2.5
from z = 12 to z = 14. We discuss the possible implications of our results in the context of theoretical
models for evolution of the dark matter halo mass function.
Citrus Greening Disease and its Management
Citrus Greening was one of the major causes of decline in the citrus production. So, effective management cultural practices should be incorporated
Cancer cell metabolism: special Reference to Lactate Pathway
Normal Cell Metabolism:
Cellular respiration describes the series of steps that cells use to break down sugar and other chemicals to get the energy we need to function.
Energy is stored in the bonds of glucose and when glucose is broken down, much of that energy is released.
Cell utilize energy in the form of ATP.
The first step of respiration is called glycolysis. In a series of steps, glycolysis breaks glucose into two smaller molecules - a chemical called pyruvate. A small amount of ATP is formed during this process.
Most healthy cells continue the breakdown in a second process, called the Kreb's cycle. The Kreb's cycle allows cells to “burn” the pyruvates made in glycolysis to get more ATP.
The last step in the breakdown of glucose is called oxidative phosphorylation (Ox-Phos).
It takes place in specialized cell structures called mitochondria. This process produces a large amount of ATP. Importantly, cells need oxygen to complete oxidative phosphorylation.
If a cell completes only glycolysis, only 2 molecules of ATP are made per glucose. However, if the cell completes the entire respiration process (glycolysis - Kreb's - oxidative phosphorylation), about 36 molecules of ATP are created, giving it much more energy to use.
IN CANCER CELL:
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
introduction to WARBERG PHENOMENA:
WARBURG EFFECT Usually, cancer cells are highly glycolytic (glucose addiction) and take up more glucose than do normal cells from outside.
Otto Heinrich Warburg (; 8 October 1883 – 1 August 1970) In 1931 was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology for his "discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme.
WARNBURG EFFECT : cancer cells under aerobic (well-oxygenated) conditions to metabolize glucose to lactate (aerobic glycolysis) is known as the Warburg effect. Warburg made the observation that tumor slices consume glucose and secrete lactate at a higher rate than normal tissues.
Orion Air Quality Monitoring Systems - CWS
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.
The return of a sample of near-surface atmosphere from Mars would facilitate answers to several first-order science questions surrounding the formation and evolution of the planet. One of the important aspects of terrestrial planet formation in general is the role that primary atmospheres played in influencing the chemistry and structure of the planets and their antecedents. Studies of the martian atmosphere can be used to investigate the role of a primary atmosphere in its history. Atmosphere samples would also inform our understanding of the near-surface chemistry of the planet, and ultimately the prospects for life. High-precision isotopic analyses of constituent gases are needed to address these questions, requiring that the analyses are made on returned samples rather than in situ.
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
Nucleic Acid-its structural and functional complexity.
This presentation explores a brief idea about the structural and functional attributes of nucleotides, the structure and function of genetic materials along with the impact of UV rays and pH upon them.
Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technology
As consumer awareness of health and wellness rises, the nutraceutical market—which includes goods like functional meals, drinks, and dietary supplements that provide health advantages beyond basic nutrition—is growing significantly. As healthcare expenses rise, the population ages, and people want natural and preventative health solutions more and more, this industry is increasing quickly. Further driving market expansion are product formulation innovations and the use of cutting-edge technology for customized nutrition. With its worldwide reach, the nutraceutical industry is expected to keep growing and provide significant chances for research and investment in a number of categories, including vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and herbal supplements.
Leaf Initiation, Growth and Differentiation.pdf
Leaf initiation, growth and differentiation, genetic control of leaf development.
The ASGCT Annual Meeting was packed with exciting progress in the field advan...
The ASGCT Annual Meeting was packed with exciting progress in the field advancing efforts to deliver highly promising therapies to more patients.
Comparative structure of adrenal gland in vertebrates
Adrenal gland comparative structures in vertebrates
RNA INTERFERENCE: UNRAVELING GENETIC SILENCING
Introduction:
RNA interference (RNAi) or Post-Transcriptional Gene Silencing (PTGS) is an important biological process for modulating eukaryotic gene expression.
It is highly conserved process of posttranscriptional gene silencing by which double stranded RNA (dsRNA) causes sequence-specific degradation of mRNA sequences.
dsRNA-induced gene silencing (RNAi) is reported in a wide range of eukaryotes ranging from worms, insects, mammals and plants.
This process mediates resistance to both endogenous parasitic and exogenous pathogenic nucleic acids, and regulates the expression of protein-coding genes.
What are small ncRNAs?
micro RNA (miRNA)
short interfering RNA (siRNA)
Properties of small non-coding RNA:
Involved in silencing mRNA transcripts.
Called “small” because they are usually only about 21-24 nucleotides long.
Synthesized by first cutting up longer precursor sequences (like the 61nt one that Lee discovered).
Silence an mRNA by base pairing with some sequence on the mRNA.
Discovery of siRNA?
The first small RNA:
In 1993 Rosalind Lee (Victor Ambros lab) was studying a non- coding gene in C. elegans, lin-4, that was involved in silencing of another gene, lin-14, at the appropriate time in the
development of the worm C. elegans.
Two small transcripts of lin-4 (22nt and 61nt) were found to be complementary to a sequence in the 3' UTR of lin-14.
Because lin-4 encoded no protein, she deduced that it must be these transcripts that are causing the silencing by RNA-RNA interactions.
Types of RNAi ( non coding RNA)
MiRNA
Length (23-25 nt)
Trans acting
Binds with target MRNA in mismatch
Translation inhibition
Si RNA
Length 21 nt.
Cis acting
Bind with target Mrna in perfect complementary sequence
Piwi-RNA
Length ; 25 to 36 nt.
Expressed in Germ Cells
Regulates trnasposomes activity
MECHANISM OF RNAI:
First the double-stranded RNA teams up with a protein complex named Dicer, which cuts the long RNA into short pieces.
Then another protein complex called RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) discards one of the two RNA strands.
The RISC-docked, single-stranded RNA then pairs with the homologous mRNA and destroys it.
THE RISC COMPLEX:
RISC is large(>500kD) RNA multi- protein Binding complex which triggers MRNA degradation in response to MRNA
Unwinding of double stranded Si RNA by ATP independent Helicase
Active component of RISC is Ago proteins( ENDONUCLEASE) which cleave target MRNA.
DICER: endonuclease (RNase Family III)
Argonaute: Central Component of the RNA-Induced Silencing Complex (RISC)
One strand of the dsRNA produced by Dicer is retained in the RISC complex in association with Argonaute
ARGONAUTE PROTEIN :
1.PAZ(PIWI/Argonaute/ Zwille)- Recognition of target MRNA
2.PIWI (p-element induced wimpy Testis)- breaks Phosphodiester bond of mRNA.)RNAse H activity.
MiRNA:
The Double-stranded RNAs are naturally produced in eukaryotic cells during development, and they have a key role in regulating gene expression .
Seminar of U.V. Spectroscopy by SAMIR PANDA
Spectroscopy is a branch of science dealing the study of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflect spectroscopy in the UV-VIS spectral region.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy is an analytical method that can measure the amount of light received by the analyte.
Unveiling the Energy Potential of Marshmallow Deposits.pdf
Unveiling the Energy Potential of Marshmallow Deposits: A Revolutionary
Breakthrough in Sustainable Energy Science
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Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic ...
Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic ...
Cancer cell metabolism: special Reference to Lactate Pathway
Cancer cell metabolism: special Reference to Lactate Pathway
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...
Nucleic Acid-its structural and functional complexity.
Nucleic Acid-its structural and functional complexity.
Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technology
Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technology
Mammalian Pineal Body Structure and Also Functions
Mammalian Pineal Body Structure and Also Functions
The ASGCT Annual Meeting was packed with exciting progress in the field advan...
The ASGCT Annual Meeting was packed with exciting progress in the field advan...
Comparative structure of adrenal gland in vertebrates
Comparative structure of adrenal gland in vertebrates
erythropoiesis-I_mechanism& clinical significance.pptx
erythropoiesis-I_mechanism& clinical significance.pptx
Unveiling the Energy Potential of Marshmallow Deposits.pdf
Unveiling the Energy Potential of Marshmallow Deposits.pdf
Digital Advisory Services: Global Lessons in Scaling Up Solutions
Editor's Notes
- 1.7.2013